2022年牛津译林版江苏省中考英语阅读理解专题讲义教案

这是一份2022年牛津译林版江苏省中考英语阅读理解专题讲义教案，共18页。教案主要包含了阅读理解考情概览，阅读理解考情分析等内容，欢迎下载使用。

知识点一、阅读理解考情概览
【知识梳理1】考情分析
分析苏州近年中考真题可以看出，阅读理解的命题具有以下特点：
1. 题数：4篇，有2＋3＋3＋4，也有模式3＋3＋3＋3。
2. 文体：每年文体均衡分布，近年来出现了说明文或议论文等形式的阅读材料，涉及话题广泛。
3. 词数：前四年的第一篇都在100词左右，第二篇在200词左右，第三篇在250词左右，第四篇在350词左右。
4. 题型：以细节理解题、推理判断题为主，每年都有2～4题是关于整篇文章的主旨大意题或者是关于整篇文章的推理判断题，另外有些新题型出现，预测2021。
知识点二、阅读理解考情分析
【知识梳理1】中考英语阅读理解命题规律
【知识梳理2】Types f questins
一、事实细节题（分值最大）
1、事实细节题呈现方式
【例题精讲】
例1：直接信息题(2019江苏苏州中考）
原文：
What makes a ylk dark range?
A. The hen's fd. B. The clur f the shell.
C. The age f the egg. D. The vitamins in the egg .
例2：间接信息题
原文：
Yur skin cvers yur bdy．In mst parts f yur bdy，the skin is just as thick as half a centimeter．If yu have yur skin cut，it will have a quick cure and stp viruses frm getting int yur bdy．Yur skin als helps yu feel the heat and cldness f the envirnment arund yu．Hair grws frm inside the skin．When yu feel ht，extra heat cmes ut thrugh yur skin．As a result，yur bdy temperature drps．
If yu have n skin cvering yur bdy, what wuld happen？
A．Extra heat can nly stay inside ur bdy．
B．Viruses can’t get int ur bdy easily．
C．We can’t feel the changes in temperature．
D．Our bdy can be guarded by ur hair
例3：数字计算题
原文：
Hw much will yu pay if yu take the reading and listening curses?
￡90.00. B. ￡125.00. C. ￡155.00. D. ￡185.00.
例4：排列顺序题
原文：
He gt the ALS(渐冻症)in1963, At that time, dctrs said he wuld nly live a few years, But he prved them wrng by living fr ver 50 years mre and ging n with his scientific wrk. The disease finally put him in a wheelchair and tk away his ability t speak, Fr many years, Hawking cmmunicated by using a special tl but nt in his wn vice.
His 1988 bk “Brief Histry f Time "became an internatinal bestseller and made him wrld-famus Haw king was als knwn fr his successful research n black hles. His wrk is knwn as Hawking radiatin
In his 2013 bk “ My Brief Histry”, Hawking wrte abut his ideas f the illness
The right rder f the fllwing events shuld be_____.
a. Hawking gt the ALS in 1963
b. Hawking passed away this March
c. Hawking wrte "My Brief Histry “which is abut his illness.
d. Hawking wrte "A Brief Histry f Time “and it made him wrld-famus.
A. a, d, c, b B. a, b, c, d C. b, a, c, d D. d, a, c, b
例5：图表图画题
原文：
Hw ften can yu take the writing curse every week?
Only nce. B. Twice. C. Five times. D. Every day.
2.细节题做题技巧
词义猜测题
1、常见提问方式
2、猜词技巧
【例题精讲】
例1：根据释义猜词
原文：
Later, when English ships met vilent wind and rain in the China Sea, Englishmen learned the Cantnese wrd "tai-fung", which means great wind".
The underlined wrd “vilent” in Paragraph 4 means_______
A. sft B. strng C. quiet D. nisy
例2：根据语境猜测
原文：
Mst peple believe that dandelins are weeds. They d nt want them in their gardens. But sme peple think that dandelin flwers are pretty. And thers think that dandelins taste gd. They ck dandelin leaves r put them int a fresh salad. The leaves must be picked befre the flwers cme ut r they will nt taste gd. Sme peple make dandelin flwers int wine.
The underlined wrd "weeds" means .
A. pretty flwers B. fresh vegetables C. wild plants D. green trees
例3：根据构词法
原文：
Destructin f the wrld's rain frests is a serius prblem. Unluckily, rain frests are disappearing at a rate f 80 acres per minute! As part f a class prject, Myers' students bught three acres f rain frest in Central America. They paid $25 per acre. The students hpe that the land they bught will be prtected and nt destryed. The students became s interested in rain frests that they decided t get a clser lk at a real rain frest.
The wrd “Destructin” in paragraph 2 prbably means “the prcess f being ______.”
A. destryed B. develped C. described D. discvered
例4：根据同义词和反义词的关系猜测
原文：
D yu have brwn hair? Are yu taller than ther kids yur age? These characteristics were decided befre yu were brn. Yu gt yur traits frm yur parents. They passed their traits n t yu thrugh genes(基因).
The underlined wrd "traits" in Paragraph 1 means .
A. characteristics B. experiences C. achievements D. pssibilities
例5：根据对比和转折关系猜词
原文：
Instead they chse large cars, because these rmy cars were mre cmfrtable fr large families and lng trips. Sme peple als liked the pwerful engines（发动机） that large cars had. Since gasline was cheap, drivers did nt mind that the large cars used a lt f gasline.
What des “rmy” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. having much space B. having little space
C. having a large rm D. having a small rm
例6：根据熟词生义猜词
原文：
Yur head huses the mst valuable part f yur bdy﹣yur brain．As yu are reading，yur eyes send pictures t yur brain which makes meaning frm what yu see．Yur brain helps yu t remember and think，and makes sure yur bdy is ding what it shuld．
The underlined wrd“huses”in the passage prbably means _______．
A．stres B．lcks C．creates D．builds
3、技巧点拨
推理判断题
1、常见设题方式
2、推断题型
【例题精讲】
例1：推理文章的出处（题材）
原文：
The material abve is .
A. a bk reprt B. a bk list C. a bk review D. a bk cver
例2：与文章细节相关的推断
原文：
A dminant(显性的)gene shws up mst f the time. Brwn eyes are dminant ver blue eyes. A recessive(隐性的)gene shws up less ften. Light hair cmes frm a recessive gene. Dark hair is mre cmmn. Lk at the eye clr and hair clr f the peple arund yu. Yu will see that this is true.
Accrding t Paragraph 3, yu can see mst f the peple arund yu have .
A. brwn eyes with dark hair B. brwn eyes with light hair
C. blue eyes with dark hair D. blue eyes with light hair
例3：对文章后续内容推断
原文：
Last summer, Maria and her mther mved frm their huse in the cuntryside t a flat building in Chicag. Maria really liked sme things abut the city，but she missed her huse and yard in the cuntryside.
One day, Maria was in her flat building when she nticed her neighbr, Mrs. Garcia, carrying a gardening tl and a bag f sil. Maria wndered hw Mrs. Garcia was able t garden in the city.
"My mm used t grw the mst delicius vegetables and I knw she misses her garden nw that we dn't have a yard，" said Maria.
Mrs. Garcia laughed. "I'll shw yu，"she said.
Maria thught that Mrs. Garcia wuld take her t the park，but she tk her t the rf(屋顶).When the dr pened, Maria was surprised t see rws f flwers and vegetables n the rf.
"What a wnderful garden! " said Maria.
Mrs. Garcia tld Maria that fr a lng time the rf was just an empty space. Then sme f the peple in the building asked the wners t turn it int a cmmunity garden. The building wners liked the idea because the plants nt nly helped t keep the air clean，but they als helped t keep the building cler during warmer weather.
"I plant flwers in my wn place，" Mrs. Garcia said，" but yu wuld be surprised by hw different the plants are up here. Sme peple grw vegetables just like yur mm. Yu can d sme f the same things in the city as in the cuntryside. Yu just have t be creative! "
After Maria visited the garden，she wuld mst prbably ask her mm t .
A. g back t the cuntryside B. pick flwers frm the garden
C. grw vegetables n the rf D. shw her arund the park

例4：指代推断（2020年苏州中考）
原文：

“This is Jhn,” said Mr Turner. The by standing next t him was tall, with a friendly face. I nticed Adam and Chen give each ther the thumbs (大拇指) up. That meant they were ging t invite him t jin the cl grup. They smiled at him and he smiled back.
The underlined “him” in Paragraph 1 refers t _______.
A. Adam B. Mr Turner C. Chen D. Jhn
推断题做题技巧
主旨大意题
1、主旨大意题常见设题方式
2、主旨大意题型
【例题精讲】
例1：开门见山式
原文：
Hi, my name is Murray Wenzel. But my friends call me Muz, Muzza, Wenz r even Mn. Yes, I have lts f nicknames. But in Australia, where I am frm, that’s quite cmmn.
What des the passage mainly talk abut?
A. The imprtance f nicknames in Australian.
B. A brief intrductin f nicknames in Australia.
C. The reasn why peple have nicknames in Australia.
D. The meaning f a nickname fr a persn in Australia.
例2：藏头露尾式
原文：

Dg wners knw their pets nt nly recgnize emtins but als understand the feelings.
What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Dg wners knw if their pets are happy.
B. Dg wners knw hw t train their dgs.
C. Dgs can make different facial expressins.
D. Dgs can understand their wners' feelings.
例3：首尾呼应式
原文：
Only humans speak using wrds. But all kinds in the animal wrld can cmmunicate in ne way r anther. Maybe yu have heard abut the way bees dance arund t send messages t each ther and the way dgs bark in different ways t give warnings, t be friendly r t be playful. But did yu knw abut infrasnic cmmunicatin used by elephants? This is hw it wrks:
yu stand near mther elephants with their babies in a z, yu may ntice a slight rumbling in the air every few minutes—nt lud r strng, but clearly nticed. This is infrasnic cmmunicatin—the mther elephants “talking” t their babies.
Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Talking t humans B. Talking t animals
C. Playing with humansD. Playing with elephants
例4：卧虎藏龙式
原文：
Firstly, it has a cuntry park. Fur thusand years ag, this was an imprtant frt (要塞).
Hrtn aren’t pretty, but they’re functinal and cheap. The streets are quiet and safe, and there are plenty f parks and playgrunds.
Which f the fllwing sentences described Hrtn best?
A. A quiet, cuntry twn which has a number f gd places t relax.
B. A dirty, unppular twn which has little t ffer visitrs r lcal peple.
C. A busy, industrial twn which has gd cnnectins t neighburing cities.
D. A friendly, histric twn which is a great place t live, wrk and take a hliday.
3.主旨大意题做题技巧