2017-2021年北京中考英语真题分类汇编之阅读理解（含答案）

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2017-2021年北京中考英语真题分类汇编之阅读理解
一．阅读理解（共15小题）
1．（2021•北京）
School Gardens Could Help Children Try More Vegetables
It's not always enjoyable for children to eat vegetables.But what if a garden is built in the school？New research suggests that a gardening program in schools can increase children's vegetable intake（摄入量） .
How the Study Was Carried Out
The study was carried out in eight schools，Each school was in the gardening program for one school year.Every child in grades 3﹣5 received a total of eighteen 60﹣minute lessons across the school year.In the program，each school built a garden，where children learned to grow their own fresh produce，like fruit and vegetables.
The Benefits Children Could Get
The study found that vegetable intake if the children who grew their own produce increased greatly across the year.Related studies show that increased vegetable intake can improve health and cut the risk of chronic diseases（慢性疾病）.Not only are there benefits to health，increasing the variety of vegetables children are exposed（接触）to may also make mealtimes much easier." Children who are often exposed to a variety of vegetables are more likely to try new foods，" explains Dr.Kerry Jones.For children，growing their own food is a powerful tool to increase their intake of the food.（2）
Any opportunity to expose children to more vegetables is meaningful. "If children are learning about vegetables at school，it's important to encourage this interest，" says Jones.Parents can listen to their children about what they have learned and read the handouts they bring home from school.Parents and children can also read books together.Younger children can enjoy reading stories about vegetables with parents who offer useful message.Older children may enjoy searching through cookbooks with parents to find new dinner ideas to cook vegetables in a tasty way.Besides，a small planter box in a sunny part at home can encourage children to understand more about where their food comes from.
Teaching children to grow their own produce is a great way to increase their preference for the produce.If children are taught to enjoy vegetables early in life，they will probably continue eating vegetables in the long term.

（1）What did children do in the gardening program？
A.They did research on new plants.
B.They grew fresh produce at school.
C.They took home green vegetables.
D.They built gardens for their classes.
（2）Which of the following would be the best heading for Paragraph 4？
A.Ideas to Encourage Children to Cook at Home.
B.Ways to Expose Children to Vegetables at Home.
C.Reasons Why Parents Should Understand Children.
D.Suggestions Which Children Could Get from Parents.
（3）What can we learn from the program？
A.Parent' support might improve children's reading.
B.School programs could develop students' creativity.
C.Doing studies can prepare students for future learning.
D.Hands﹣on experience may influence children's preference.

2．（2021•北京）Nature and culture are often seen as opposite ideas.What belongs to nature cannot be the result of human activities and，on the other hand，cultural development is achieved against nature.However，this is not the only opinion on the relationship between nature and culture.Studies in the development of humans suggest that culture，whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural effort，is part of the development of the human species（物种）.
Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle（斗争） against human nature.We are born with wild natures，such as eating and behaving in a disorganized way or acting selfishly.Education uses culture as a way to get us out of our widest natures；it is thanks to culture that the human species could learn to adapt（适应） ，progress and raise itself above and beyond other species.
Over the past century and a half，however，studies in the history of human development have shown that the formation of culture is part of the biological adaptation.Consider，for example，hunting（打猎） .It seems to be an adaptation，which allowed humans to move into new and different areas，opening up the opportunity to change living habits.At the same time，the development of weapons（武器） is related to that adaptation—from rocks and stones to a set of hunting tools，and from hunting tools to rules relating to the proper use of weapons.Hunting also seems to be responsible for a whole set of bodily abilities，such as balancing on one foot.Just think of how this very simple thing is closely related to dance，a key expression of human culture.It is then clear that biological development and cultural development are closely tied.
The transmission of culture seems to be directly related to what's in our blood.Just as snails carry their shell，so do we bring along our culture.However，culture is also passed on among people of the same times or among people belonging to different populations.We can learn how to make jiaozi even if we were born from Russian parents in Paris just as we can learn how to speak English even if none of our family or friends speaks that language.

（1）What is Paragraph 2 mainly about？
A.Culture belongs to human nature.
B.Nature teaches humans how to adapt.
C.Humans are supposed to be well organized.
D.Education pushes the human species to progress.
（2）Why does the writer talk about hunting in Paragraph 3？
A.To suggest some possible ways of changing living habits.
B.To stress the importance of tools in humans' struggle for life.
C.To show how culture develops as humans adapt to the environment.
D.To explain why there is a need to call for the proper use of weapons.
（3）The word "transmission" in Paragraph 4 probably means " ".
A.system
B.spread
C.start
D.spirit
（4）What is the writer's opinion on the nature﹣culture relationship？
A.Culture and nature are separate yet balanced.
B.Culture depends much on nature to progress.
C.Nature and culture are different but connected.
D.Nature follows the unwritten rules set by culture.

3．（2021•北京）
Young Heroes for the Planet
Nowadays，people around the world are working to help our planet.Check out how the four young adults made a difference.
Saving Pandas
When Jack was 11，he started a group to teach kids about pandas.He also sold toy pandas to raise money to protect pandas in danger. "I hope to encourage more people to care about pandas，" Jack says.
Growing Right
Kathy，14，set up an organization to educate people about growing right plant in right places.She also wrote a book to help people learn what plants are native to （本土的）their area.
Creating Energy
At the age of 12 Linda invented a machine called SuperE.It collects heat from fields to make electricity（电），Linda says her invention creates electricity in a way that is less harmful to the environment.
Cleaning Up
Patrick，13，joined the Ocean Heroes Camp last year.He started a project and picked up plastic waste around nearby lakes with his friends.The goal of the project was to fight plastic pollution.
（1）Who started a group to teach kids about pandas？
A.Jack.
B.Kathy.
C.Linda.
D.Patrick.
（2）How old was Linda when she invented SuperE？
A.11.
B.12.
C.13.
D.14.
（3）What was the goal of Patrick's project？
A.To fight plastic pollution.
B.To protect pandas in danger.
C.To learn about native plants.
D.To use heat to make electricity.




4．（2021•北京）When I was in the eighth grade，my class was assigned（指派） to be friends with the second﹣grade kids.I got this little girl named Shelley.The first time I saw her，she was silent and cold.She was small for her age，and she didn't play with the other kids in her class.
I tried all kinds of things to get her to talk to me.I bought her toys，crayons and candies，But try as I might，nothing worked.One time，I gave her a coloring book and said， "Shelley，now you can color in it any time."
Shelley looked at the coloring book and then looked up at me，and finally looked away.By that，I didn't know how I was going to get through to the little girl，but I knew I wouldn't give up on her.
One Friday.I decided to tell her a story about my childhood.I told her that l felt lonely when I was with my classmates，and how I thought only my teachers liked me.I also told her that every day was a battle（战役） for me and I fought back tears so people wouldn't know how much I was hurting.
She sat there just listening，trying to decide whether I was lying or not Finally，when my story ended，there were tears in her eyes.And then she did the unthinkable.She said， "Thank you." From then on，Shelley was a different little girl.She started smiling and talking with other kids.
Looking back at this I'm in awe（惊叹），because all I did was to help her realize that she wasn't alone.I didn't ask her to tell her story，because her story is my story.

（1）What was Shelley like when the writer first saw her？
A.Cold.
B.Lazy.
C.Noisy.
D.Slow.
（2）In order to get through to Shelley，the writer .
A.wrote her a book
B.made her a toy
C.drew her a picture
D.told her a story
（3）Shelley changed a lot because she realized that .
A.her teachers loved her
B.her classmates were kind
C.the writer understood her
D.she had to study even harder
5．（2021•北京）
Screen﹣Free Days
I remember the first time I suggested screen﹣free days in our school to some of our student leaders.Jokingly，I said to the group， "What do you think if we go a week without using our laptops or smartphones？"
They laughed，and one of them said， "No way，Mr.White.They would be too much." I could feel their worry，and told them that I was only considering single screen﹣free days.Even that idea left them feeling upset.
According to a survey we did，most student in our school spend about six hours a day on screens.Many of my students start their day by checking their smartphones.I often see them looking at their phones when getting off the bus or at parents drop﹣off﹣they can't use their own "screens" at school.They usually work on computers at school for at least two hours during the day.
It's clear that our students spend a lot of time on screens，We do see the benefits of technology.However，we teachers also want to make sure that students have balanced learning and social experiences away from their screens.That's why we have come up with the idea of screen﹣free days.
During the course of the year，we have built in several screen﹣free days that require us to make different plans for our students about how they will communicate with one another and the world around them without "screens".For some teachers，this means bringing back a valuable lesson plan that has been put off for some time because it is "out of date".Others have designed something completely new.
Fun activities，for example，card games and room escape（密室逃脱） games，are organized at school.In these activities，students socialize without smartphones and have face﹣to﹣face communication without checking on "likes" they've got online.These fun activities also make it possible for the whole grade to enjoy the company of their friends with no smartphones.
After our first screen﹣free day，students mentioned that they were surprised they enjoyed it.Finding ways to help our students connect with one another is important.
While technology is already part of our world，it shouldn't play such an important role in a learner's life.

（1）How many hours do most students in the school spend on screens every day？
（2）Why have the teachers come up with the idea of screen﹣free days？
（3）What fun activities can the students have at school？
（4）How did the students feel after the first screen﹣free day？
（5）What do you think of the idea of screen﹣free days？Why do you think so？

6．（2020•北京）There are millions of recipes（菜谱） hidden in the boxes and hearts of grandmother and parents．These family recipes are a special part of our family history．Some of them have been passed down from generation（一代人） to generation．
"I realized I couldn't go home every weekend for my mom's delicious dishes，" says Shreya，who is about to enter university．Shreya has recently started following her mother around the kitchen，taking notes on how to make her "masala chai" and tasty kachoris．
"Those special tastes can immediately unlock a whole flood of emotions，memories and feelings of family，love，and comfort，" says she．
She adds， "I am looking to the day when my kids will come to know of their grandmothers through the dishes they cooked．"
But many of us find it difficult to keep the food connection with our busy life．Even if we have time，not many of us take the effort to collect and record the recipes from our grandmothers and parents．We often get a recipe on the phone and take it down quickly on a piece of paper．We just stick it onto the fridge for a week or two and forget about it as soon as the paper disappears from there．
Actually，there are simple ways to keep family recipes，Scrapbooks（剪贴薄）are easily found in the market．You can even add photos to record every detail of your memories about the recipe．With the help of some popular apps like Story Scans，recording family recipes has never been easier．What is needed is to scan（扫描） the recipes and record the story behind each of them．It can become the most meaningful work you have ever done with and for your family．
Keeping family recipes is saving and honoring our tradition so that future generations can continue to make family ties stronger．Every time you remember your loved ones，recreate one of the dishes from your collection and let the memories from the good old days comfort you．So why not gift your kids a family recipe book when they are starting a new life？

（1）Why does Shreya follow her mother around the kitchen？
A．To clean up the kitchen．
B．To note down recipes．
C．To prepare family dinners．
D．To talk about family rules．
（2）What can we learn from the passage？
A．Ways to record recipes can be easy．
B．Most people like writing recipe books．
C．Recipes have become popular with kids．
D．People often buy recipe books in the market．
（3）Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？
A．Family Recipes：Secrets of Cooking
B．Family Recipes Are at a Crossroads
C．Family Recipes：Connections to Interests
D．Family Recipes Are More than Just Recipes
7．（2020•北京） Today we can do everything with apps：pay bills，order food and shop for anything．Mobile technology means we can hold the world in our hands，However，when it comes to technology and health care，opportunities and challenges come together．
Let's start with the ways to get health care．Telemedicine can allow a patient to use technology to see the doctor online and get a diagnosis （诊断） and instructions without leaving home．
In addition，there are many patient websites．These allow for different kinds of interactions about our health needs without involving the medical team．Setting a date with doctors and reading lab results are readily achieved by technology．
A whole new age of medical care seems likely （可能的） to come in the future．But every coin has two sides．What might be on the other side of techno﹣health care？
Firstly，we should think about the health care experience as a whole．A usual visit to a doctor begins with a receptionist （接待员） ，who can see and tell how a patient is doing，This may influence the treatment effect．It's unlikely that a patient website will have such intuition．
Next，sharing the details of one's life requires trust，which takes time to build．This is certainly true in health care，where some of life's best and worst moments involve doctors．The human touch should not be undervalued and is unlikely to be there over the smartphone．
Lastly，test results can be difficult to understand．When someone without a medical degree sees a flagged result with no explanation on the website，there's room for all kinds of stories to form in their minds﹣and also great worry．
So how does medicine adapt （适应） to the new technology age？Very talented companies are working on it．There is medical equipment（设备） that can be used at home to send necessary signs and heart sounds through telemedicine．It seems likely that some companies will find a way to explain test results．
But what it will not achieve is the warmth of human interaction and touch．Patients often need someone to listen to ﹣and care about﹣their journey story，which will never be realized through a human﹣less technology．Technology should be a tool，but depending on it totally will most certainly have unexpected effects．Let's not allow our humanity to be one of them．

（1）According to the passage，how does technology help health care？
A．It encourages doctors to voice their needs on the websites．
B．It offers the patient a convenient way to get a diagnosis．
C．It improves relations between doctors and patients．
D．It provides an opportunity to build a medical team．
（2）The word "intuition" in Paragraph 5 probably means ．
A．an ability to understand
B．an interesting experience
C．a chance to win
D．a fair decision
（3）What do you know about techno﹣health care from the passage？
A．Patient websites require trust from doctors．
B．Talented companies can give medical advice．
C．Flagged results may cause worry for patients．
D．Medical equipment collects patients' stories．
（4）The writer probably agrees that ．
A．technology can deal with unexpected effects．
B．telemedicine can take the place of usual health care．
C，it is difficult for patients to adapt to the new technology age．
D．techno﹣health care should take humanity into consideration．

8．（2020•北京）
A Day at the Nature Center
Emma stared（凝视） sadly out of the window of the bus．Only 50 miles outside town was the farm．She thought about the farm all the time，especially the animals．
When her family sold the farm and moved to nearby town，Emma was excited．But when she got to the new school，she felt very lonely．
With a sigh（叹气），Emma turned her attention back to the present．The bus came to a stop． "Welcome to the Leinweber Nature Center，" her teacher said．"A guide will give us a presentation about animals，and then you'll help to feed the baby squirrels，now，I want everyone to find a partner．"
Emma didn't have any friends yet﹣who would be her partner？Emma got close to Julia，a talkative and outgoing girl． "Could I be your partner？" Emma asked uncertainly．
"Sure，" said Julia warmly．
Together，the girls walked into the center．After the presentation，a keeper showed them how to hold the bottle of milk for baby squirrels．Then the girls started to feed their own baby squirrels．
After the babies finished eating，the keeper asked，"Would you like to help feed the adult squirrels，too？"
Emma was quick to volunteer，but when the keeper opened the first cage，the squirrel inside jumped out．Emma remained calm（镇静的），held out her hand，made quiet sounds，and then quickly got it．
" Wow!" Julia said． "You're always so quiet，I thought you were afraid of everything，but you were brave．"
"I know that when animals are frightened or excited，you have to stay calm．"
The keeper nodded in agreement and asked Emma，"Would you be interested in volunteering to help out with the animals at the center？"
"Interested？I would love to work here!What an opportunity!" Emma was excited．
That afternoon，in the bus on the way back to school，Emma sat next to Julia，her new friend．A rush of new found happiness washed over her．

（1）How did Emma feel when she got to the new school？
A．Lonely．
B．Lucky．
C．Surprised．
D．Angry．
（2）At the nature center，Emma and Julia ．
A．took a chance to be tour guides
B．helped to feed the baby squirrels
C．asked the keeper many questions
D．made a presentation about nature
（3）On the way back to school，Emma felt happy because ．
A．the volunteers warmly welcomed her
B．the teacher praised her for her bravery
C．she found a place to care for animals and made a friend
D．she went back to the farm and learned a lot about animals

9．（2020•北京）

Helping Seniors（老年人）

Posted 5 / 15 / 20 4：53 PM
I created Teens Helping Seniors with my friends．The group has about 200 volunteers．The volunteers deliver food or other supplies for the elderly in town．I spend six to eight hours a week buying food and making deliveries．By now we have completed 350 deliveries．

Posted 5/ 15 / 20 6：25 PM
I organized Mittler Senior Technology，a program to help the elderly learn how to use computers and smartphones．Now there are 50 local seniors in the weekly technology classes．I want to make sure that the seniors could stay connected to the world．

Posted 5 /16 /20 5：20 PM
I came up with a way to help lonely seniors with my friends．We call it the Joy 4 All Project．By dialing 569﹣4255，the elderly can hear pre﹣recorded jokes and poems．The hotline has received more than 1，800 phone calls．

Posted 5 / 16 /20 7：46 PM
I heard that the seniors in the nursing home couldn't see their families and friends very often，so my friends and I decided to cheer up the elderly by writing them letters．We want them to know that nobody is being forgotten．By now more than 100 students in my school have joined us．
（1）Who created Teens Helping Seniors？
A．Kathy．
B．Linda．
C．Jordan．
D．Matt．
（2）How many local seniors are there in the weekly technology classes？
A．50．
B．100．
C．200．
D．350．
（3）To help the elderly in the nursing home，Kathy and her schoolmates ．
A．taught them how to use computers
B．recorded jokes and poem for them
C．wrote them letters to cheer them up
D．delivered food or other supplies for them
10．（2020•北京）
This 12﹣year﹣old Girl Built a Robot to Find Plastics in the Ocean
Anna Du was walking along the beach when she noticed plastics there．She reached down to pick them up，and quickly realized there were many more tiny pieces than she could deal with．It seemed impossible to clean them all up．
Du，12 years old at the time，tried to solve the problem like any good scientist﹣first．by doing a little research．That's how she learned that 8 million tons of plastics end up in the oceans every year．
Then she got to work building something that could help solve the problem；a remote﹣operated vehicle（遥控潜水器），or ROV．Her ROV can move through water and find plastics on the ocean floor．
The actually cool part of Du's ROV is the detection（探测） system．She uses a camera along with three different kinds of light to find the plastics．She also uses visible（可见的） light to find unnatural colors that might make the plastics stand out．
"She has a very good engineering sense to break down a problem like this and then go after it，" says engineer Casey Machado． "It sounds simple，but it's a level of thinking that's really amazing．"
Du started attending public events and workshops at a university when she was five years old，and so she picked up the engineering skills necessary to build her ROV．She says actually getting her ROV to move through water well was not easy．She failed many times，but she never gave up trying and testing．
When asked about future plans，she mentions wanting to address the effects of climate（气候）change．"I think there are a lot of problems that could be solved with new inventions，" says Du．
Du thanks her parents，who for years have taken her to student outreach activities，for supporting her interest in science，technology，engineering and math （STEM）．She says she has been able to meet students and scientists there．
"I know I want to be an engineer because I like building things to help solve world problems，" says Du．"But I'm not sure what kind of engineer I want to be yet．"

（1）What did Anna Du notice while walking along the beach？
（2）How old was Du when she did a little research to solve the problem？
（3）What can Du's ROV do？
（4）Why does Du want to be an engineer in the future？
（5）What made Du succeed in building her ROV？

11．（2019•北京）
Blue Lightning

Sally loved cars more than anything else． This spring she thought of building a go﹣kart to enter for the Go﹣Go Race． So she asked her dad for help．
"Well，" he said． "How about this： you do some research first and then come back to me with a design．"
A week later， Sally brought her notes and drawings to Dad． She named her go﹣kart "Blue Lightning"． Dad looked over her work， thinking． "Well， that's interesting，" he said． "Have a try． Just build Blue Lightning as you've designed．"
Over three weekends of hard work， Sally turned her design into a real， working go﹣kart and painted it light blue． Dad asked her to take it for a test drive． Sally agreed．
After she did that， Sally drove back to Dad． "Well，" she said． "Now I know why you wanted me to have a test drive．"
"Oh， do you？" he said． "Please share．"
"When I drove fast， there was a lot of pushback，" she said． "I think it's because of the lightning bolt （闪电） shape．"
"Very good!" Dad said．
"So， why didn't you tell me about that problem in the first place？" Sally asked．
Dad laughed． "Where's the fun in that？ If you give a man a fish， he'll eat for a day． But if you teach a man to fish， he'll eat for a lifetime．"
Sally said， "I see． Anyway， designing is half the fun !"
Dad smiled． "Good． Sometimes， learning happens during the process． We learn how to do something right by doing it a few times first and making mistakes along the way．"
That encouraged Sally and she worked even harder． When she showed Dad her new go﹣kart， he nodded with pride．
Finally came the race． Sally wasn't worried about whether she would win﹣in her mind， she had already won， by building something better than ever before．

（1）Sally thought of building a go﹣kart to ．
A． practice driving
B． enter for a race
C． play with friends
D． do some research
（2）What did Sally's dad ask her to do after she built the go﹣kart？
A． To have a test drive．
B． To take a good rest．
C． To give it a cool name．
D． To paint it light blue．
（3）Sally's story mainly tells us that ．
A． winning a race is important
B． fishing brings us a lot of fun
C． driving experience is necessary
D． learning happens during the process

12．（2019•北京）
Huge Waves Destroying Arctic Ice Faster than Expected
Ice covers much of the Arctic Ocean（北冰洋）．Some pieces of ice are huge，like moving islands．As temperatures have increased，however，some of the ice has begun to disappear．Scientists have discovered huge waves（海浪）in the arctic waters．
The waves were discovered by accident in May，2010．Scientist Aleksey Marchenko and his students set out on a trip．They wanted to study the icy waters．
On May 2，the ship traveled east and stopped next to a large chunk of ice．around 50 miles from the small island of Hopen．Marchenko prepared to lead his students out onto the Ice
"We were ready to go but when I went out，I discovered many cracks（裂缝）around，" he remembers．
He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe．The farther in they went，he thought，the harder the ice would become．As they pushed forward，however，the ship experienced small waves，and then bigger ones．Soon，the waves broke up the ice around the ship into thousands of smaller pieces．
Within an hour，Marchenko and his team saw a wave that was about 13 feet high．The ship's navigation（航行）system finally recorded the largest waves．They were more than 20 feet in height．The waves were so strong that they forced huge pieces of ice to jump up and down，breaking the ice into smaller pieces within just one hour．Scientists had never imagined that the process could happen so fast．The waves in these areas used to be small．
The speed and force of the huge waves there makes it impossible to know in advance when they are coming．That could be dangerous for navigators and local communities who are unprepared for huge waves or depend on sea ice to protect them．Wildlife like polar bears and walruses that depend on sea ice to live is also in danger．
Some scientists think people will soon see even bigger waves in these icy waters．As waves break up ice，the seas will become more open，and the waves will get even stronger．There are stormy times ahead．

（1）When did Marchenko and his students discover huge waves in the arcticwaters？
（2）Why did Marchenko and his students set out on the trip？
（3）What did Marchenko decide to do to keep safe？
（4）How high were the largest waves recorded by the navigation system？
（5）What is Paragraph 7 mainly about？

13．（2019•北京）
How Much Can We Afford to Forget？

In 2018， Science magazine asked some young scientists what schools should teach students． Most said students should spend less time memorizing facts and have more space for creative activities． As the Internet grows more powerful， students can access （获得） knowledge easily． Why should they be required to carry so much of it around in their heads？
Civilizations（文明）develop through forgetting life skills that were once necessary． In the Agricultural（农业的）Age， a farmer could afford to forget hunting skills． When societies industrialized， the knowledge of farming could be safe to forget． Nowadays， smart machines give us access to most human knowledge． It seems that we no longer need to remember most things． Does it matter？
Researchers have recognized several problems that may happen． For one，human beings have biases（偏见），and smart machines are likely to increase our biases． Many people believe smart machines are necessarily correct and objective，but machines are trained through a repeated testing and scoring process．In the process， human beings still decide on the correct answers．
Another problem relates to the ease of accessing information． When there were no computers， efforts were required to get knowledge from other people， or go to the library． We know what knowledge lies in other brains or books， and what lies in our heads． But today， the Internet gives us the information we need quickly． This can lead to the mistaken belief﹣the knowledge we found was part of what we knew all along．
In a new civilization rich in machine intelligence， we have easy access to smart memory networks where information is stored． But dependency on a network suggests possibilities of being harmed easily． The collapse of any of the networks of relations our well﹣being（健康）depends upon， such as food and energy， would produce terrible results． Without food we get hungry； without energy we feel cold．And it is through widespread loss of memory that civilizations are at risk of falling into a dark age．
We forget old ways to free up time and space for new skills．As long as the older forms of knowledge are stored somewhere in our networks， and can be found when we need them， perhaps they're not really forgotten． Still， as time goes on， we gradually but unquestionably become strangers to future people．

（1）Why are smart machines likely to increase our biases？
A．Because they go off course in testing and scoring．
B．Because we control the training process on them，
C．Because we offer them too much information．
D．Because they overuse the provided answers．
（2）The ease of accessing information from the Internet •
A． frees us from making efforts to learn new skills
B． prevents civilizations from being lost at a high speed
C．misleads us into thinking we already knew the knowledge
D．separates the facts we have from those in the smart machines
（3）The word "collapse" in Paragraph 5 probably means" "．
A．a sudden failure
B．the basic rule
C．a disappointing start
D． the gradual development
（4）What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage？
A．To question about the standards of information storage．
B．To discuss our problems of communication with machines．
C．To stress the importance of improving our memorizing ability．
D．To remind us of the risk of depending on machines to remember．

14．（2019•北京）Sometimes it seems that time is flying． Perhaps it doesn't need to feel this way． Our experience of time can be possibly changed． By understanding the psychological （心理学的） processes behind our different experiences of time， we might be able to slow down time a little．
One basic law of psychological time is that time seems to slow down when we're exposed（接触） to new environments and experiences． The law is caused by the relationship between our experience of time and the amount of information our minds process． The more information our minds take in， the slower time seems to pass．
It follows， then， that we have different experiences of time in different situations． In some situations， our life is full of new experiences． Our minds process a lot of information and time seems to slow down． In other situations， we have fewer new experiences and the world around us becomes more and more familiar（熟悉的）． We become insensitive to our experience， which means we process less information， and time seems to speed up．
How can we slow down time？ Here are two suggestions．
Firstly， since we know that familiarity makes time pass faster， we can expose ourselves to as many new experiences as possible． We can give ourselves new challenges， meet new people， and expose our minds to new information， hobbies and skills． This will increase the amount of information our minds process and expand （增加） our experience of time．
Secondly， and perhaps most effectively， we can give our whole attention to an experience﹣to what we are seeing， feeling， tasting， smelling or hearing． This means living through our senses rather than through our thoughts． For example， on the way home， focus your attention outside of yourself， instead of thinking about the problems you have to deal with． Look at the sky， or at the buildings you pass， traveling among them． This open attitude to your experiences helps take in more information and also has a time﹣expanding effect．
To a certain degree， we can understand and control our experience of time passing． It's possible for us to slow down time by expanding our experience of time．

（1）According to the writer， we can expand our experience of time by ．
A． going to bed on time
B． traveling to new places
C． having dinner as usual
D． printing the same materials
（2）What can we learn from the passage？
A． Being familiar with the world around helps us get more information．
B． Understanding psychological time makes life pass more quickly．
C． We can take in more information by living through our senses．
D． We should build a stronger relationship between time and us．
（3）Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？
A． Slow Down Time
B． Only Time Will Tell
C． Race Against Time
D． Time Will Not Come Twice
15．（2019•北京）
Experiencing China

Mike， Canada
I spent three months with my host family（接待家庭） in China． It was a lifetime experience． I was able to experience Chinese living and culture，from basic Tai Chi to Beijing Opera． I even visited a famous traditional Chinese medicine hospital． Now I have a better understanding of Chinese culture．

Joanna， Australia
I stayed with my host family for five months． My host mother is a Chinese teacher and she is really warm﹣hearted． With her help，my Chinese has improved a lot． And I have got used to a new culture． My favorite part of the experience was sharing my feelings in China with her．

Bill， America
My host mother is a wonderful cook! She makes me all kinds of traditional Chinese dishes． They are tasty and I like them very much． Just like me，my host parents love to learn about different cultures． They often ask me questions about life in America．

Cindy， Germany
Recently I took part in a program to study Chinese． I lived with a host family in China for six months． My host sister is a really hardworking student． It was amazing to see how she made progress in English． And a close relationship has developed between us．
（1）Who visited a traditional Chinese medicine hospital？
A．Mike．
B．Joanna．
C．Bill．
D．Cindy．
（2）How long did Joanna stay with her host family in China？
A． Three months．
B． Four months．
C． Five months．
D． Six months．
（3）Cindy thinks her host sister is ．
A． a wonderful cook
B． a responsible doctor
C． a warm﹣hearted teacher
D． a hardworking student

2017-2021年北京中考英语真题分类汇编之阅读理解
参考答案与试题解析
一．阅读理解（共15小题）
1．（2021•北京）
School Gardens Could Help Children Try More Vegetables
It's not always enjoyable for children to eat vegetables.But what if a garden is built in the school？New research suggests that a gardening program in schools can increase children's vegetable intake（摄入量） .
How the Study Was Carried Out
The study was carried out in eight schools，Each school was in the gardening program for one school year.Every child in grades 3﹣5 received a total of eighteen 60﹣minute lessons across the school year.In the program，each school built a garden，where children learned to grow their own fresh produce，like fruit and vegetables.
The Benefits Children Could Get
The study found that vegetable intake if the children who grew their own produce increased greatly across the year.Related studies show that increased vegetable intake can improve health and cut the risk of chronic diseases（慢性疾病）.Not only are there benefits to health，increasing the variety of vegetables children are exposed（接触）to may also make mealtimes much easier." Children who are often exposed to a variety of vegetables are more likely to try new foods，" explains Dr.Kerry Jones.For children，growing their own food is a powerful tool to increase their intake of the food.（2）
Any opportunity to expose children to more vegetables is meaningful. "If children are learning about vegetables at school，it's important to encourage this interest，" says Jones.Parents can listen to their children about what they have learned and read the handouts they bring home from school.Parents and children can also read books together.Younger children can enjoy reading stories about vegetables with parents who offer useful message.Older children may enjoy searching through cookbooks with parents to find new dinner ideas to cook vegetables in a tasty way.Besides，a small planter box in a sunny part at home can encourage children to understand more about where their food comes from.
Teaching children to grow their own produce is a great way to increase their preference for the produce.If children are taught to enjoy vegetables early in life，they will probably continue eating vegetables in the long term.

（1）What did children do in the gardening program？ B
A.They did research on new plants.
B.They grew fresh produce at school.
C.They took home green vegetables.
D.They built gardens for their classes.
（2）Which of the following would be the best heading for Paragraph 4？ B
A.Ideas to Encourage Children to Cook at Home.
B.Ways to Expose Children to Vegetables at Home.
C.Reasons Why Parents Should Understand Children.
D.Suggestions Which Children Could Get from Parents.
（3）What can we learn from the program？ D
A.Parent' support might improve children's reading.
B.School programs could develop students' creativity.
C.Doing studies can prepare students for future learning.
D.Hands﹣on experience may influence children's preference.

【考点】科普知识类阅读．
【分析】本文介绍了在学校花园里让学生自己种植蔬菜的好处。
【解答】（1）B.细节理解题。根据"In the program，each school built a garden，where children learned to grow their own fresh produce，like fruit and vegetables"在该项目中，每一所学校都建了一个花园，孩子们在那里学会种植自己的新鲜农产品，比如水果和蔬菜。可知，孩子们在那里学会种植自己的新鲜农产品。故选B。
（2）B.句意猜测题。根据"Any opportunity to expose children to more vegetables is meaningful"任何让孩子接触更多蔬菜的机会都是有意义的。以及整段内容可知，本段主要介绍了从不同方面鼓励孩子们多吃蔬菜的方法。故选B。
（3）D.推理判断题。根据"Teaching children to grow their own produce is a great way to increase their preference for the produce"教孩子们自己种植农产品，是增加他们对农产品偏好的一个很好的方法。可知，实践经验可能会影响孩子的偏好。故选D。
【点评】做题时要在理解好文章大意的基础上，与题目有机的结合，从文中找到相关细节性的句子与选项细细对比，有时可采用排除法快速得出答案。
2．（2021•北京）Nature and culture are often seen as opposite ideas.What belongs to nature cannot be the result of human activities and，on the other hand，cultural development is achieved against nature.However，this is not the only opinion on the relationship between nature and culture.Studies in the development of humans suggest that culture，whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural effort，is part of the development of the human species（物种）.
Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle（斗争） against human nature.We are born with wild natures，such as eating and behaving in a disorganized way or acting selfishly.Education uses culture as a way to get us out of our widest natures；it is thanks to culture that the human species could learn to adapt（适应） ，progress and raise itself above and beyond other species.
Over the past century and a half，however，studies in the history of human development have shown that the formation of culture is part of the biological adaptation.Consider，for example，hunting（打猎） .It seems to be an adaptation，which allowed humans to move into new and different areas，opening up the opportunity to change living habits.At the same time，the development of weapons（武器） is related to that adaptation—from rocks and stones to a set of hunting tools，and from hunting tools to rules relating to the proper use of weapons.Hunting also seems to be responsible for a whole set of bodily abilities，such as balancing on one foot.Just think of how this very simple thing is closely related to dance，a key expression of human culture.It is then clear that biological development and cultural development are closely tied.
The transmission of culture seems to be directly related to what's in our blood.Just as snails carry their shell，so do we bring along our culture.However，culture is also passed on among people of the same times or among people belonging to different populations.We can learn how to make jiaozi even if we were born from Russian parents in Paris just as we can learn how to speak English even if none of our family or friends speaks that language.

（1）What is Paragraph 2 mainly about？ D
A.Culture belongs to human nature.
B.Nature teaches humans how to adapt.
C.Humans are supposed to be well organized.
D.Education pushes the human species to progress.
（2）Why does the writer talk about hunting in Paragraph 3？ C
A.To suggest some possible ways of changing living habits.
B.To stress the importance of tools in humans' struggle for life.
C.To show how culture develops as humans adapt to the environment.
D.To explain why there is a need to call for the proper use of weapons.
（3）The word "transmission" in Paragraph 4 probably means " B ".
A.system
B.spread
C.start
D.spirit
（4）What is the writer's opinion on the nature﹣culture relationship？ C
A.Culture and nature are separate yet balanced.
B.Culture depends much on nature to progress.
C.Nature and culture are different but connected.
D.Nature follows the unwritten rules set by culture.

【考点】社会文化类阅读．
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。自然和文化常常被视为对立的观点，但人类发展的研究表明，二者但是人类物种发展的一部分。生物的发展和文化的发展是紧密相连的，文化的传播似乎与我们血液中的东西直接相关。
【解答】（1）D.段落大意题。根据第二段"Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle（斗争） against human nature"几位现代作家把教育的过程看作是一场与人性的斗争。可推断，第二段主要介绍了教育推动人类进步。故选D。
（2）C.细节理解题。根据第三段"It seems to be an adaptation，which allowed humans to move into new and different areas，opening up the opportunity to change living habits."这似乎是一种适应，使人类能够进入新的和不同的地区，打开改变生活习惯的机会。可知，作者第三段谈论狩猎是为了展示文化是如何随着人类适应环境而发展的。故选C。
（3）B.词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在句句意：文化的传播似乎与我们血液中的东西直接相关。正如蜗牛带着壳一样，我们也会带着自己的文化。结合选项可推出，transmission的意思是"传播"，故选B。
（4）C.观点态度题。根据第三段"It is then clear that biological development and cultural development are closely tied"很明显，生物的发展和文化的发展是紧密相连的。结合文章内容可推知，作者认为自然和文化是不同的，但互为联系。故选C。
【点评】做题时要在理解好文章大意的基础上，与题目有机的结合，从文中找到相关细节性的句子与选项细细对比，有时可采用排除法快速得出答案。
3．（2021•北京）
Young Heroes for the Planet
Nowadays，people around the world are working to help our planet.Check out how the four young adults made a difference.
Saving Pandas
When Jack was 11，he started a group to teach kids about pandas.He also sold toy pandas to raise money to protect pandas in danger. "I hope to encourage more people to care about pandas，" Jack says.
Growing Right
Kathy，14，set up an organization to educate people about growing right plant in right places.She also wrote a book to help people learn what plants are native to （本土的）their area.
Creating Energy
At the age of 12 Linda invented a machine called SuperE.It collects heat from fields to make electricity（电），Linda says her invention creates electricity in a way that is less harmful to the environment.
Cleaning Up
Patrick，13，joined the Ocean Heroes Camp last year.He started a project and picked up plastic waste around nearby lakes with his friends.The goal of the project was to fight plastic pollution.
（1）Who started a group to teach kids about pandas？ A
A.Jack.
B.Kathy.
C.Linda.
D.Patrick.
（2）How old was Linda when she invented SuperE？ B
A.11.
B.12.
C.13.
D.14.
（3）What was the goal of Patrick's project？ A
A.To fight plastic pollution.
B.To protect pandas in danger.
C.To learn about native plants.
D.To use heat to make electricity.




【考点】人物故事类阅读．
【分析】本文介绍了四位正在改变世界的孩子。
【解答】（1）A.细节理解题。根据"When Jack was 11，he started a group to teach kids about pandas"杰克11岁时，他成立了一个组织，教孩子们关于熊猫的知识。可知，Jack创办了一个组织教孩子们关于熊猫的知识。故选A。
（2）B.细节理解题。根据"At the age of 12 Linda invented a machine called SuperE"Linda在12岁的时候发明了一台叫做SuperE的机器。可知，Linda发明SuperE的时候12岁。故选B。
（3）A.细节理解题。根据"The goal of the project was to fight plastic pollution"可知，Patrick项目的目标是对抗塑料污染。故选A。
【点评】做题时要在理解好文章大意的基础上，与题目有机的结合，从文中找到相关细节性的句子与选项细细对比，有时可采用排除法快速得出答案。
4．（2021•北京）When I was in the eighth grade，my class was assigned（指派） to be friends with the second﹣grade kids.I got this little girl named Shelley.The first time I saw her，she was silent and cold.She was small for her age，and she didn't play with the other kids in her class.
I tried all kinds of things to get her to talk to me.I bought her toys，crayons and candies，But try as I might，nothing worked.One time，I gave her a coloring book and said， "Shelley，now you can color in it any time."
Shelley looked at the coloring book and then looked up at me，and finally looked away.By that，I didn't know how I was going to get through to the little girl，but I knew I wouldn't give up on her.
One Friday.I decided to tell her a story about my childhood.I told her that l felt lonely when I was with my classmates，and how I thought only my teachers liked me.I also told her that every day was a battle（战役） for me and I fought back tears so people wouldn't know how much I was hurting.
She sat there just listening，trying to decide whether I was lying or not Finally，when my story ended，there were tears in her eyes.And then she did the unthinkable.She said， "Thank you." From then on，Shelley was a different little girl.She started smiling and talking with other kids.
Looking back at this I'm in awe（惊叹），because all I did was to help her realize that she wasn't alone.I didn't ask her to tell her story，because her story is my story.

（1）What was Shelley like when the writer first saw her？ A
A.Cold.
B.Lazy.
C.Noisy.
D.Slow.
（2）In order to get through to Shelley，the writer D .
A.wrote her a book
B.made her a toy
C.drew her a picture
D.told her a story
（3）Shelley changed a lot because she realized that C .
A.her teachers loved her
B.her classmates were kind
C.the writer understood her
D.she had to study even harder
【考点】人物故事类阅读．
【分析】本文讲述了作者帮助一个不爱讲话的女孩Shelley变得更加开朗的故事。作者惊叹于Shelley的改变，因为作者认为自己所做的就是让Shelley知道自己并不孤单。
【解答】（1）A.细节理解题。根据第一段"The first time I saw her，she was silent and cold"我第一次见到她时，她沉默而冷漠。可知，作者第一次见到Shelley时，她沉默而且冷漠，故选A。
（2）D.细节理解题。根据第三段"By that，I didn't know how I was going to get through to the little girl，but I knew I wouldn't give up on her"这时，我不知道该如何打动这个小女孩，但我知道我不会放弃她的。以及第四段"One Friday.I decided to tell her a story about my childhood"一个星期五。我决定告诉她一个关于我童年的故事。可知，为了接近Shelley，作者给她讲了一个故事。故选D。
（3）C.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"Finally，when my story ended，there were tears in her eyes.And then she did the unthinkable.She said， "Thank you." From then on，Shelley was a different little girl.She started smiling and talking with other kids"最后，当我的故事结束时，她热泪盈眶。然后她做了一件不可思议的事。她说："谢谢。"从那时起，Shelley变成了一个与众不同的小女孩。她开始微笑着和其他孩子聊天。以及最后一段"I didn't ask her to tell her story，because her story is my story"我没有让她讲她的故事，因为她的故事就是我的故事。可知，Shelley改变了很多是因为她意识到作者理解她。故选C。
【点评】做题时要在理解好文章大意的基础上，与题目有机的结合，从文中找到相关细节性的句子与选项细细对比，有时可采用排除法快速得出答案。
5．（2021•北京）
Screen﹣Free Days
I remember the first time I suggested screen﹣free days in our school to some of our student leaders.Jokingly，I said to the group， "What do you think if we go a week without using our laptops or smartphones？"
They laughed，and one of them said， "No way，Mr.White.They would be too much." I could feel their worry，and told them that I was only considering single screen﹣free days.Even that idea left them feeling upset.
According to a survey we did，most student in our school spend about six hours a day on screens.Many of my students start their day by checking their smartphones.I often see them looking at their phones when getting off the bus or at parents drop﹣off﹣they can't use their own "screens" at school.They usually work on computers at school for at least two hours during the day.
It's clear that our students spend a lot of time on screens，We do see the benefits of technology.However，we teachers also want to make sure that students have balanced learning and social experiences away from their screens.That's why we have come up with the idea of screen﹣free days.
During the course of the year，we have built in several screen﹣free days that require us to make different plans for our students about how they will communicate with one another and the world around them without "screens".For some teachers，this means bringing back a valuable lesson plan that has been put off for some time because it is "out of date".Others have designed something completely new.
Fun activities，for example，card games and room escape（密室逃脱） games，are organized at school.In these activities，students socialize without smartphones and have face﹣to﹣face communication without checking on "likes" they've got online.These fun activities also make it possible for the whole grade to enjoy the company of their friends with no smartphones.
After our first screen﹣free day，students mentioned that they were surprised they enjoyed it.Finding ways to help our students connect with one another is important.
While technology is already part of our world，it shouldn't play such an important role in a learner's life.

（1）How many hours do most students in the school spend on screens every day？ They spend about six hours on screens every day.
（2）Why have the teachers come up with the idea of screen﹣free days？ Because they want to make sure that students have balanced learning and social experiences away from their screens.
（3）What fun activities can the students have at school？ They can have fun activities like card games and room escape games.
（4）How did the students feel after the first screen﹣free day？ They were surprised they enjoyed it.
（5）What do you think of the idea of screen﹣free days？Why do you think so？ I think the"Screen Free Day" is very important，because the main task of students is to study and it brings students back to the real life.

【考点】阅读表达．
【分析】随着现代科技的发展和普及，我们很多学生每天花在屏幕上的时间很多。因此为了不影响他们的学习，学校提出了"无屏幕日"，用一些有趣的活动来取代屏幕时间，让学生回到直正的现实生活中来。
【解答】（1）They spend about six hours on screens every day．细节理解题。根据According to a survey we did，most student in our school spend about six hours a day on screens.可知根据我们所做的一项调查，我们学校的大多数学生每天花6个小时在屏幕上。所以学校里的大多数学生每天花大约6个小时在屏幕上。故答案为：They spend about six hours on screens every day.
（2）Because they want to make sure that students have balanced learning and social experiences away from their screens．推理判断题。根据However，we teachers also want to make sure that students have balanced learning and social experiences away from their screens.That's why we have come up with the idea of screen﹣free days.可知但是，我们老师也希望确保学生在远离屏幕的地方有平衡的学习和社会体验，这就是为什么我们想出了无屏幕天的想法。所以老师们会想出无屏幕的日子的想法，因为他们想确保学生在远离屏幕的地方有平衡的学习和社会体验。故答案为：Because they want to make sure that students have balanced learning and social experiences away from their screens．
（3）They can have fun activities like card games and room escape games．细节理解题。根据Fun activities，for example，card games and room escape（密室逃脱） games，are organized at school.可知学校组织了一些有趣的活动，例如纸牌游戏和房间逃生游戏。所以学生们在学校有一些有趣的活动，如纸牌游戏和房间逃生游戏。故答案为：They can have fun activities like card games and room escape games．
（4）They were surprised they enjoyed it．细节理解题。根据 After our first screen﹣free day，students mentioned that they were surprised they enjoyed it.可知在我们的第一个无屏幕日之后，学生们提到他们很惊讶他们喜欢它。所以学生们在第一天没有屏幕后感觉自己很享受。故答案为：They were surprised they enjoyed it．
（5）I think the"Screen Free Day" is very important，because the main task of students is to study and it brings students back to the real life.推理表达题。根据After our first screen﹣free day，students mentioned that they were surprised they enjoyed it.Finding ways to help our students connect with one another is important.While technology is already part of our world，it shouldn't play such an important role in a learner's life.可知在我们的第一个无屏幕日之后，学生们提到他们很惊讶他们喜欢它。找到方法帮助我们的学生互相联系是很重要的。虽然技术已经是我们世界的一部分，但它不应该在学习者的生活中扮演如此重要的角色。所以我认为"无屏幕日"是非常重要的，因为学生的主要任务是学习，并且它让学生回到直正的现实生活中来。故答案为：I think the"Screen Free Day" is very important，because the main task of students is to study and it brings students back to the real life.
【点评】做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。
6．（2020•北京）There are millions of recipes（菜谱） hidden in the boxes and hearts of grandmother and parents．These family recipes are a special part of our family history．Some of them have been passed down from generation（一代人） to generation．
"I realized I couldn't go home every weekend for my mom's delicious dishes，" says Shreya，who is about to enter university．Shreya has recently started following her mother around the kitchen，taking notes on how to make her "masala chai" and tasty kachoris．
"Those special tastes can immediately unlock a whole flood of emotions，memories and feelings of family，love，and comfort，" says she．
She adds， "I am looking to the day when my kids will come to know of their grandmothers through the dishes they cooked．"
But many of us find it difficult to keep the food connection with our busy life．Even if we have time，not many of us take the effort to collect and record the recipes from our grandmothers and parents．We often get a recipe on the phone and take it down quickly on a piece of paper．We just stick it onto the fridge for a week or two and forget about it as soon as the paper disappears from there．
Actually，there are simple ways to keep family recipes，Scrapbooks（剪贴薄）are easily found in the market．You can even add photos to record every detail of your memories about the recipe．With the help of some popular apps like Story Scans，recording family recipes has never been easier．What is needed is to scan（扫描） the recipes and record the story behind each of them．It can become the most meaningful work you have ever done with and for your family．
Keeping family recipes is saving and honoring our tradition so that future generations can continue to make family ties stronger．Every time you remember your loved ones，recreate one of the dishes from your collection and let the memories from the good old days comfort you．So why not gift your kids a family recipe book when they are starting a new life？

（1）Why does Shreya follow her mother around the kitchen？ B
A．To clean up the kitchen．
B．To note down recipes．
C．To prepare family dinners．
D．To talk about family rules．
（2）What can we learn from the passage？ A
A．Ways to record recipes can be easy．
B．Most people like writing recipe books．
C．Recipes have become popular with kids．
D．People often buy recipe books in the market．
（3）Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？ D
A．Family Recipes：Secrets of Cooking
B．Family Recipes Are at a Crossroads
C．Family Recipes：Connections to Interests
D．Family Recipes Are More than Just Recipes
【考点】人物故事类阅读．
【分析】本文主要讲了传承家庭菜谱的重要性和方法．
【解答】（1）B．细节理解题．题目问为什么在厨房周围跟着妈妈，根据第二段Shreya has recently started following her mother around the kitchen，taking notes on how to make her "masala chai" and tasty kachoris．可知她在记菜谱．故选B．
（2）A．细节理解题．题目问从文中我们可以知道什么，根据第六段Actually，there are simple ways to keep family recipes，可知有保留家庭菜谱的简单方法，因此可知记录菜谱的方法可以很简单，故选A．
（3）D．文章标题题．题目问文章最好的标题是以下哪一个，根据第一段These family recipes are a special part of our family history．Some of them have been passed down from generation（一代人） to generation．可知本文主要讲了家庭菜谱是家庭历史的一个特殊部分，有一些代代相传，因此判断本文最好的标题为家庭菜谱不只是菜谱，故选D．
【点评】本文是一篇人物故事类阅读，题目涉及多道细节理解题，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确的答案．
7．（2020•北京） Today we can do everything with apps：pay bills，order food and shop for anything．Mobile technology means we can hold the world in our hands，However，when it comes to technology and health care，opportunities and challenges come together．
Let's start with the ways to get health care．Telemedicine can allow a patient to use technology to see the doctor online and get a diagnosis （诊断） and instructions without leaving home．
In addition，there are many patient websites．These allow for different kinds of interactions about our health needs without involving the medical team．Setting a date with doctors and reading lab results are readily achieved by technology．
A whole new age of medical care seems likely （可能的） to come in the future．But every coin has two sides．What might be on the other side of techno﹣health care？
Firstly，we should think about the health care experience as a whole．A usual visit to a doctor begins with a receptionist （接待员） ，who can see and tell how a patient is doing，This may influence the treatment effect．It's unlikely that a patient website will have such intuition．
Next，sharing the details of one's life requires trust，which takes time to build．This is certainly true in health care，where some of life's best and worst moments involve doctors．The human touch should not be undervalued and is unlikely to be there over the smartphone．
Lastly，test results can be difficult to understand．When someone without a medical degree sees a flagged result with no explanation on the website，there's room for all kinds of stories to form in their minds﹣and also great worry．
So how does medicine adapt （适应） to the new technology age？Very talented companies are working on it．There is medical equipment（设备） that can be used at home to send necessary signs and heart sounds through telemedicine．It seems likely that some companies will find a way to explain test results．
But what it will not achieve is the warmth of human interaction and touch．Patients often need someone to listen to ﹣and care about﹣their journey story，which will never be realized through a human﹣less technology．Technology should be a tool，but depending on it totally will most certainly have unexpected effects．Let's not allow our humanity to be one of them．

（1）According to the passage，how does technology help health care？ B
A．It encourages doctors to voice their needs on the websites．
B．It offers the patient a convenient way to get a diagnosis．
C．It improves relations between doctors and patients．
D．It provides an opportunity to build a medical team．
（2）The word "intuition" in Paragraph 5 probably means A ．
A．an ability to understand
B．an interesting experience
C．a chance to win
D．a fair decision
（3）What do you know about techno﹣health care from the passage？ C
A．Patient websites require trust from doctors．
B．Talented companies can give medical advice．
C．Flagged results may cause worry for patients．
D．Medical equipment collects patients' stories．
（4）The writer probably agrees that D ．
A．technology can deal with unexpected effects．
B．telemedicine can take the place of usual health care．
C，it is difficult for patients to adapt to the new technology age．
D．techno﹣health care should take humanity into consideration．

【考点】科普知识类阅读．
【分析】本文主要讲了科技发展给医疗带来的机遇和挑战．
【解答】（1）B．细节理解题．题目问根据文章，科技如何帮助医疗，根据第二段Telemedicine can allow a patient to use technology to see the doctor online and get a diagnosis （诊断） and instructions without leaving home．可知科技允许患者使用科技在线就医并且获得诊断．即它为患者诊断提供了便利的方式，故选B．
（2）A．词义理解题．题目意为第五段单词"intuition"的意思可能是____，根据本段第二句"…who can see and tell how a patient is doing．"及第四句"It's unlikely that a patient website…"可知网站没有真实的接待员那样理解病人，intuition意为an ability to understand理解能力，故选A．
（3）C．细节理解题．题目问根据文章有关科技医疗你知道什么，根据第七段When someone without a medical degree sees a flagged result with no explanation on the website，there's room for all kinds of stories to form in their minds﹣and also great worry．可知不懂医学的人看到一个结果会非常担忧，因此判断这样的结果会让患者担忧．故选C．
（4）D．推理判断题．题目意为作者可能同意____，根据Technology should be a tool，but depending on it totally will most certainly have unexpected effects．Let's not allow our humanity to be one of them．可知作者认为科技应该是一种工具，我们不允许人性也成为科技的一部分，因此判断作者会同意的观点是电子医疗应该考虑人性．故选D．
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查．
8．（2020•北京）
A Day at the Nature Center
Emma stared（凝视） sadly out of the window of the bus．Only 50 miles outside town was the farm．She thought about the farm all the time，especially the animals．
When her family sold the farm and moved to nearby town，Emma was excited．But when she got to the new school，she felt very lonely．
With a sigh（叹气），Emma turned her attention back to the present．The bus came to a stop． "Welcome to the Leinweber Nature Center，" her teacher said．"A guide will give us a presentation about animals，and then you'll help to feed the baby squirrels，now，I want everyone to find a partner．"
Emma didn't have any friends yet﹣who would be her partner？Emma got close to Julia，a talkative and outgoing girl． "Could I be your partner？" Emma asked uncertainly．
"Sure，" said Julia warmly．
Together，the girls walked into the center．After the presentation，a keeper showed them how to hold the bottle of milk for baby squirrels．Then the girls started to feed their own baby squirrels．
After the babies finished eating，the keeper asked，"Would you like to help feed the adult squirrels，too？"
Emma was quick to volunteer，but when the keeper opened the first cage，the squirrel inside jumped out．Emma remained calm（镇静的），held out her hand，made quiet sounds，and then quickly got it．
" Wow!" Julia said． "You're always so quiet，I thought you were afraid of everything，but you were brave．"
"I know that when animals are frightened or excited，you have to stay calm．"
The keeper nodded in agreement and asked Emma，"Would you be interested in volunteering to help out with the animals at the center？"
"Interested？I would love to work here!What an opportunity!" Emma was excited．
That afternoon，in the bus on the way back to school，Emma sat next to Julia，her new friend．A rush of new found happiness washed over her．

（1）How did Emma feel when she got to the new school？ A
A．Lonely．
B．Lucky．
C．Surprised．
D．Angry．
（2）At the nature center，Emma and Julia B ．
A．took a chance to be tour guides
B．helped to feed the baby squirrels
C．asked the keeper many questions
D．made a presentation about nature
（3）On the way back to school，Emma felt happy because C ．
A．the volunteers warmly welcomed her
B．the teacher praised her for her bravery
C．she found a place to care for animals and made a friend
D．she went back to the farm and learned a lot about animals

【考点】人物故事类阅读．
【分析】文章主要介绍Emma到了一个新环境，有些孤独，但交到了新朋友，找到了新兴趣，也找到了开心．
【解答】（1）A 细节理解题．根据第二段But when she got to the new school，she felt very lonely．可知但是当她来到新学校时，她感到非常孤独，故答案为：A．
（2）B 细节理解题．根据第六段Then the girls started to feed their own baby squirrels．然后女孩们开始喂自己的小松鼠．可知帮助喂松鼠，故答案为：B．
（3）C 推理判断题．根据第二段But when she got to the new school，she felt very lonely．可知但是当她来到新学校时，她感到非常孤独，和最后两段 I would love to work here!What an opportunity!" Emma was excited．That afternoon，in the bus on the way back to school，Emma sat next to Julia，her new friend．我很愿意在这里工作！多好的机会啊！"艾玛很兴奋．那天下午，在回学校的路上，艾玛坐在她的新朋友茱莉亚旁边．可知Emma即找到照顾动物的地方，也找到了新朋友，所以才开心，故答案为：C．
【点评】本文是一篇人物故事类阅读，题目涉及多道细节理解题，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确的答案．
9．（2020•北京）

Helping Seniors（老年人）

Posted 5 / 15 / 20 4：53 PM
I created Teens Helping Seniors with my friends．The group has about 200 volunteers．The volunteers deliver food or other supplies for the elderly in town．I spend six to eight hours a week buying food and making deliveries．By now we have completed 350 deliveries．

Posted 5/ 15 / 20 6：25 PM
I organized Mittler Senior Technology，a program to help the elderly learn how to use computers and smartphones．Now there are 50 local seniors in the weekly technology classes．I want to make sure that the seniors could stay connected to the world．

Posted 5 /16 /20 5：20 PM
I came up with a way to help lonely seniors with my friends．We call it the Joy 4 All Project．By dialing 569﹣4255，the elderly can hear pre﹣recorded jokes and poems．The hotline has received more than 1，800 phone calls．

Posted 5 / 16 /20 7：46 PM
I heard that the seniors in the nursing home couldn't see their families and friends very often，so my friends and I decided to cheer up the elderly by writing them letters．We want them to know that nobody is being forgotten．By now more than 100 students in my school have joined us．
（1）Who created Teens Helping Seniors？ D
A．Kathy．
B．Linda．
C．Jordan．
D．Matt．
（2）How many local seniors are there in the weekly technology classes？ A
A．50．
B．100．
C．200．
D．350．
（3）To help the elderly in the nursing home，Kathy and her schoolmates C ．
A．taught them how to use computers
B．recorded jokes and poem for them
C．wrote them letters to cheer them up
D．delivered food or other supplies for them
【考点】人物故事类阅读．
【分析】本文主要介绍了一些帮助老年人的组织
【解答】细节理解题．
（1）D．根据表格中I created Teens Helping Seniors with my friends．可知Matt和朋友们一起创造了Teens Helping Seniors 组织．故选D．
（2）A．根据表格中Now there are 50 local seniors in the weekly technology classes．可知现在每周有50名本地老年人上技术课，故选A．
（3）C．根据表格中 so my friends and I decided to cheer up the elderly by writing them letters，We want them to know that nobody is being forgotten．可知所以我和我的朋友们决定给老人们写信，让他们知道没有人会被遗忘，因此可知为了帮助养老院的老人，凯西和她的同学们给他们写信给他们加油．故选C．
【点评】本文是一篇人物故事类阅读，题目涉及多道细节理解题，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确的答案．
10．（2020•北京）
This 12﹣year﹣old Girl Built a Robot to Find Plastics in the Ocean
Anna Du was walking along the beach when she noticed plastics there．She reached down to pick them up，and quickly realized there were many more tiny pieces than she could deal with．It seemed impossible to clean them all up．
Du，12 years old at the time，tried to solve the problem like any good scientist﹣first．by doing a little research．That's how she learned that 8 million tons of plastics end up in the oceans every year．
Then she got to work building something that could help solve the problem；a remote﹣operated vehicle（遥控潜水器），or ROV．Her ROV can move through water and find plastics on the ocean floor．
The actually cool part of Du's ROV is the detection（探测） system．She uses a camera along with three different kinds of light to find the plastics．She also uses visible（可见的） light to find unnatural colors that might make the plastics stand out．
"She has a very good engineering sense to break down a problem like this and then go after it，" says engineer Casey Machado． "It sounds simple，but it's a level of thinking that's really amazing．"
Du started attending public events and workshops at a university when she was five years old，and so she picked up the engineering skills necessary to build her ROV．She says actually getting her ROV to move through water well was not easy．She failed many times，but she never gave up trying and testing．
When asked about future plans，she mentions wanting to address the effects of climate（气候）change．"I think there are a lot of problems that could be solved with new inventions，" says Du．
Du thanks her parents，who for years have taken her to student outreach activities，for supporting her interest in science，technology，engineering and math （STEM）．She says she has been able to meet students and scientists there．
"I know I want to be an engineer because I like building things to help solve world problems，" says Du．"But I'm not sure what kind of engineer I want to be yet．"

（1）What did Anna Du notice while walking along the beach？ She noticed plastics．
（2）How old was Du when she did a little research to solve the problem？ At the age of 12．/When she was 12 years old．
（3）What can Du's ROV do？ It can move through water and find plastics on the ocean floor．
（4）Why does Du want to be an engineer in the future？ Because she likes building things to help solve world problems．
（5）What made Du succeed in building her ROV？ Her good engineering sense to break down a problem，the engineering skills necessary to build it，her persistence（nor giving up） and her parents' support．另外答出 the careful observation，the awareness of protecting the oceans也可酌情给分

【考点】阅读表达．
【分析】本文主要讲述了Anna Du为了清理海洋里的塑料制品制造了一种可以帮助解决这个问题的东西：一种遥控飞行器（ROV）．
【解答】（1）She noticed plastics．细节理解题．根据第一段中Anna Du was walking along the beach when she noticed plastics there．可知安娜杜正沿着海滩散步，这时她注意到那里有塑料制品．故答案为：She noticed plastics．
（2）At the age of 12．/When she was 12 years old．细节理解题．根据第二段中 Du，12 years old at the time，tried to solve the problem like any good scientist﹣first．可知当时12岁的杜女士像任何一位优秀的科学家一样首先试图解决这个问题．故答案为：At the age of 12．/When she was 12 years old．
（3）It can move through water and find plastics on the ocean floor．细节理解题．根据第三段中 Her ROV can move through water and find plastics on the ocean floor．可知她的遥控潜水器可以在水中移动，并在海底找到塑料．故答案为：It can move through water and find plastics on the ocean floor．
（4）Because she likes building things to help solve world problems．细节理解题．根据"I know I want to be an engineer because I like building things to help solve world problems．"可知"我知道我想成为一名工程师，因为我喜欢建造能帮助解决世界问题的东西．"故答案为：Because she likes building things to help solve world problems．
（5）Her good engineering sense to break down a problem，the engineering skills necessary to build it，her persistence（nor giving up） and her parents' support．另外答出 the careful observation，the awareness of protecting the oceans也可酌情给分．推理判断题．根据第五段中"She has a very good engineering sense to break down a problem like this and then go after it"可知她在解决问题方面有良好工程悟性；根据第六段中"and so she picked up the engineering skills necessary to build her ROV"可知她学会了建造ROV所需的工程技术；根据第六段中"She failed many times，but she never gave up trying and testing．"可知她不轻言放弃；根据倒数第二段中"Du thanks her parents，who for years have taken her to student outreach activities，for supporting her interest in science，technology，engineering and math （STEM）．"可知Du的父母很支持她．这几点都是她成功制作ROV的重要因素．故答案为：Her good engineering sense to break down a problem，the engineering skills necessary to build it，her persistence（not giving up） and her parents' support．另外答出the careful observation，the awareness of protecting the oceans也可酌情给分
【点评】题目要求根据短文内容回答问题，主要考查学生的阅读理解能力、从文中提取信息的能力及归纳概括能力．做题时，要根据不同的题型分情况作答．
11．（2019•北京）
Blue Lightning

Sally loved cars more than anything else． This spring she thought of building a go﹣kart to enter for the Go﹣Go Race． So she asked her dad for help．
"Well，" he said． "How about this： you do some research first and then come back to me with a design．"
A week later， Sally brought her notes and drawings to Dad． She named her go﹣kart "Blue Lightning"． Dad looked over her work， thinking． "Well， that's interesting，" he said． "Have a try． Just build Blue Lightning as you've designed．"
Over three weekends of hard work， Sally turned her design into a real， working go﹣kart and painted it light blue． Dad asked her to take it for a test drive． Sally agreed．
After she did that， Sally drove back to Dad． "Well，" she said． "Now I know why you wanted me to have a test drive．"
"Oh， do you？" he said． "Please share．"
"When I drove fast， there was a lot of pushback，" she said． "I think it's because of the lightning bolt （闪电） shape．"
"Very good!" Dad said．
"So， why didn't you tell me about that problem in the first place？" Sally asked．
Dad laughed． "Where's the fun in that？ If you give a man a fish， he'll eat for a day． But if you teach a man to fish， he'll eat for a lifetime．"
Sally said， "I see． Anyway， designing is half the fun !"
Dad smiled． "Good． Sometimes， learning happens during the process． We learn how to do something right by doing it a few times first and making mistakes along the way．"
That encouraged Sally and she worked even harder． When she showed Dad her new go﹣kart， he nodded with pride．
Finally came the race． Sally wasn't worried about whether she would win﹣in her mind， she had already won， by building something better than ever before．

（1）Sally thought of building a go﹣kart to B ．
A． practice driving
B． enter for a race
C． play with friends
D． do some research
（2）What did Sally's dad ask her to do after she built the go﹣kart？ A
A． To have a test drive．
B． To take a good rest．
C． To give it a cool name．
D． To paint it light blue．
（3）Sally's story mainly tells us that D ．
A． winning a race is important
B． fishing brings us a lot of fun
C． driving experience is necessary
D． learning happens during the process

【考点】人物故事类阅读．
【分析】这篇文章，通过Sally制作卡丁车的小故事，告诉我们凡事要去动手做，在做的过程中，我们一定会有所收获．
【解答】1．B 细节理解题． 线索句为：This spring she thought of building a go﹣kart to enter for the Go﹣Go Race．意为"今年春天她打算做一个卡丁车参加卡丁车赛．"结合句意可知，Sally做卡丁车的目的，就是为了参加比赛，故选：B．
2．A 细节理解题． 线索句为： Over three weekends of hard work， Sally turned her design into a real， working go﹣kart and painted it light blue． Dad asked her to take it for a test drive．意为"在三个多星期的艰苦工作之后，Sally把她的设计变成了一辆真正的、能够运转的卡丁车，并且把它涂成了浅蓝色．父亲叫她带它做第一次试驾．"，结合句意可知，在她做完了卡丁车之后，她的父亲叫她测试驾驶，故选：A．
3．D 主旨大意题． 线索句为：Good． Sometimes， learning happens during the process． 意为"很好，有时候，在作事的过程中，我们就会学到东西．"结合句意可知，学习发生在作事的过程之中，故选：D．
【点评】面对此类试题，要擅长从文中找出解答的线索，同时，要掌握全文大意，结合文意进行作答．
12．（2019•北京）
Huge Waves Destroying Arctic Ice Faster than Expected
Ice covers much of the Arctic Ocean（北冰洋）．Some pieces of ice are huge，like moving islands．As temperatures have increased，however，some of the ice has begun to disappear．Scientists have discovered huge waves（海浪）in the arctic waters．
The waves were discovered by accident in May，2010．Scientist Aleksey Marchenko and his students set out on a trip．They wanted to study the icy waters．
On May 2，the ship traveled east and stopped next to a large chunk of ice．around 50 miles from the small island of Hopen．Marchenko prepared to lead his students out onto the Ice
"We were ready to go but when I went out，I discovered many cracks（裂缝）around，" he remembers．
He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe．The farther in they went，he thought，the harder the ice would become．As they pushed forward，however，the ship experienced small waves，and then bigger ones．Soon，the waves broke up the ice around the ship into thousands of smaller pieces．
Within an hour，Marchenko and his team saw a wave that was about 13 feet high．The ship's navigation（航行）system finally recorded the largest waves．They were more than 20 feet in height．The waves were so strong that they forced huge pieces of ice to jump up and down，breaking the ice into smaller pieces within just one hour．Scientists had never imagined that the process could happen so fast．The waves in these areas used to be small．
The speed and force of the huge waves there makes it impossible to know in advance when they are coming．That could be dangerous for navigators and local communities who are unprepared for huge waves or depend on sea ice to protect them．Wildlife like polar bears and walruses that depend on sea ice to live is also in danger．
Some scientists think people will soon see even bigger waves in these icy waters．As waves break up ice，the seas will become more open，and the waves will get even stronger．There are stormy times ahead．

（1）When did Marchenko and his students discover huge waves in the arcticwaters？ In May，2010．
（2）Why did Marchenko and his students set out on the trip？ Because they wanted to study the icy waters．
（3）What did Marchenko decide to do to keep safe？ He moved the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe．
（4）How high were the largest waves recorded by the navigation system？ More than 20 feet．
（5）What is Paragraph 7 mainly about？ The dangers of the huge waves to people and wildlife in Arctic．

【考点】阅读表达．
【分析】本文说的是北极冰块巨浪的危险性．文章介绍了这种巨浪的发现时间和发现过程及其对人和野生动物的危害性．
【解答】1．In May，2010．细节理解题．根据文中"The waves were discovered by accident in May，2010"可知，海浪于2010年在被偶然发现．故答案是：In May，2010．
2．Because they wanted to study the icy waters．细节理解题．根据文中"They wanted to study the icy waters"可知，他们想研究冰冷的水体．故答案是：Because they wanted to study the icy waters．
3．He moved the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe．细节理解题．根据文中"He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe"可知，他决定把船开到冰的更深处，以便保持安全．故答案是：He moved the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe．
4．More than 20 feet．细节理解题．根据文中"They were more than 20 feet in height"可知，它们有20英尺高．故答案是：more than 20 feet．
5．The dangers of the huge waves to people and wildlife in Arctic．细节理解题．根据文中"That could be dangerous for navigators and local communities who are unprepared for huge waves or depend on sea ice to protect them"和"Wildlife like polar bears and walruses that depend on sea ice to live is also in danger"可知，这对海员和当地社区是危险的．靠海冰生活的野生动物（比如北极熊和海象）面临危险，故知本段说的是巨浪对人和北极地区的野生动物的危害性．故答案是：The dangers of the huge waves to people and wildlife in Arctic．
【点评】首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案．
13．（2019•北京）
How Much Can We Afford to Forget？

In 2018， Science magazine asked some young scientists what schools should teach students． Most said students should spend less time memorizing facts and have more space for creative activities． As the Internet grows more powerful， students can access （获得） knowledge easily． Why should they be required to carry so much of it around in their heads？
Civilizations（文明）develop through forgetting life skills that were once necessary． In the Agricultural（农业的）Age， a farmer could afford to forget hunting skills． When societies industrialized， the knowledge of farming could be safe to forget． Nowadays， smart machines give us access to most human knowledge． It seems that we no longer need to remember most things． Does it matter？
Researchers have recognized several problems that may happen． For one，human beings have biases（偏见），and smart machines are likely to increase our biases． Many people believe smart machines are necessarily correct and objective，but machines are trained through a repeated testing and scoring process．In the process， human beings still decide on the correct answers．
Another problem relates to the ease of accessing information． When there were no computers， efforts were required to get knowledge from other people， or go to the library． We know what knowledge lies in other brains or books， and what lies in our heads． But today， the Internet gives us the information we need quickly． This can lead to the mistaken belief﹣the knowledge we found was part of what we knew all along．
In a new civilization rich in machine intelligence， we have easy access to smart memory networks where information is stored． But dependency on a network suggests possibilities of being harmed easily． The collapse of any of the networks of relations our well﹣being（健康）depends upon， such as food and energy， would produce terrible results． Without food we get hungry； without energy we feel cold．And it is through widespread loss of memory that civilizations are at risk of falling into a dark age．
We forget old ways to free up time and space for new skills．As long as the older forms of knowledge are stored somewhere in our networks， and can be found when we need them， perhaps they're not really forgotten． Still， as time goes on， we gradually but unquestionably become strangers to future people．

（1）Why are smart machines likely to increase our biases？ B
A．Because they go off course in testing and scoring．
B．Because we control the training process on them，
C．Because we offer them too much information．
D．Because they overuse the provided answers．
（2）The ease of accessing information from the Internet C •
A． frees us from making efforts to learn new skills
B． prevents civilizations from being lost at a high speed
C．misleads us into thinking we already knew the knowledge
D．separates the facts we have from those in the smart machines
（3）The word "collapse" in Paragraph 5 probably means" A "．
A．a sudden failure
B．the basic rule
C．a disappointing start
D． the gradual development
（4）What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage？ D
A．To question about the standards of information storage．
B．To discuss our problems of communication with machines．
C．To stress the importance of improving our memorizing ability．
D．To remind us of the risk of depending on machines to remember．

【考点】日常生活类阅读．
【分析】文章主要讲了科技的发展，人们越来越依赖科技，但这也带来了许多的不利之处．
【解答】1．B 内容理解题． 根据第三段 smart machines are likely to increase our biases． Many people believe smart machines are necessarily correct and objective，but machines are trained through a repeated testing and scoring process．In the process， human beings still decide on the correct answers智能机器可能会增加我们的偏见．许多人认为智能机器必然是正确和客观的，但是机器是通过反复的测试和评分过程来训练的．在这个过程中，人类仍然决定正确的答案，可知因为是技术人员操纵着智能机器，故选B．
2．C 内容理解题． 根据第四段 But today， the Internet gives us the information we need quickly． This can lead to the mistaken belief﹣the knowledge we found was part of what we knew all along但是今天，互联网迅速给了我们我们需要的信息．这可能导致错误的信念﹣﹣我们发现的知识是我们一直以来所知道的知识的一部分，可知会导致人们错误的认为自己已经知道了知识，故选C．
3．A 内容理解题． 根据 such as food and energy， would produce terrible results． Without food we get hungry； without energy we feel cold．And it is through widespread loss of memory that civilizations are at risk of falling into a dark age比如食物和能源，会产生可怕的结果．没有食物，我们会挨饿；没有能量，我们会感到寒冷．正是由于记忆的广泛丧失，文明有陷入黑暗时代的危险，可知上文讲的是我们的健康依赖的任何关系网络的崩溃，collapse意思是坍塌、崩溃，与A突然的失败，意思相近，故选A．
4．D 主旨大意题． 根据 Researchers have recognized several problems that may happen． For one，human beings have biases，and smart machines are likely to increase our biases研究人员已经认识到可能发生的几个问题．首先，人类有偏见，智能机器可能会增加我们的偏见和Another problem relates to the ease of accessing information另一个问题与获取信息的便利性有关，联系文章内容，文章主要讲了科技的发展，人们越来越依赖科技，但这也带来了许多的不利之处，可知是告诉我们不要太依赖智能机器，故选D．
【点评】首先要通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合排除法逐一选出答案．最后再通读全文，核对答案．
14．（2019•北京）Sometimes it seems that time is flying． Perhaps it doesn't need to feel this way． Our experience of time can be possibly changed． By understanding the psychological （心理学的） processes behind our different experiences of time， we might be able to slow down time a little．
One basic law of psychological time is that time seems to slow down when we're exposed（接触） to new environments and experiences． The law is caused by the relationship between our experience of time and the amount of information our minds process． The more information our minds take in， the slower time seems to pass．
It follows， then， that we have different experiences of time in different situations． In some situations， our life is full of new experiences． Our minds process a lot of information and time seems to slow down． In other situations， we have fewer new experiences and the world around us becomes more and more familiar（熟悉的）． We become insensitive to our experience， which means we process less information， and time seems to speed up．
How can we slow down time？ Here are two suggestions．
Firstly， since we know that familiarity makes time pass faster， we can expose ourselves to as many new experiences as possible． We can give ourselves new challenges， meet new people， and expose our minds to new information， hobbies and skills． This will increase the amount of information our minds process and expand （增加） our experience of time．
Secondly， and perhaps most effectively， we can give our whole attention to an experience﹣to what we are seeing， feeling， tasting， smelling or hearing． This means living through our senses rather than through our thoughts． For example， on the way home， focus your attention outside of yourself， instead of thinking about the problems you have to deal with． Look at the sky， or at the buildings you pass， traveling among them． This open attitude to your experiences helps take in more information and also has a time﹣expanding effect．
To a certain degree， we can understand and control our experience of time passing． It's possible for us to slow down time by expanding our experience of time．

（1）According to the writer， we can expand our experience of time by B ．
A． going to bed on time
B． traveling to new places
C． having dinner as usual
D． printing the same materials
（2）What can we learn from the passage？ C
A． Being familiar with the world around helps us get more information．
B． Understanding psychological time makes life pass more quickly．
C． We can take in more information by living through our senses．
D． We should build a stronger relationship between time and us．
（3）Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？ A
A． Slow Down Time
B． Only Time Will Tell
C． Race Against Time
D． Time Will Not Come Twice
【考点】日常生活类阅读．
【分析】文章介绍了心理学研究发现熟悉的事物会让时间过得很快，并讲了如何放慢时间．
【解答】（1）B 细节理解题．根据Firstly， since we know that familiarity makes time pass faster， we can expose ourselves to as many new experiences as possible． We can give ourselves new challenges， meet new people， and expose our minds to new information， hobbies and skills，首先，因为我们知道熟悉会让时间过得更快，所以我们可以让自己接触尽可能多的新体验．我们可以给自己新的挑战，认识新的人，让我们的头脑接触新的信息、爱好和技能，可知要拓宽对时间的体验可以去接触新事物，比如去新的地方旅游，故选B．
（2）C． 细节理解题．根据This means living through our senses rather than through our thoughts． For example， on the way home， focus your attention outside of yourself， instead of thinking about the problems you have to deal with． Look at the sky， or at the buildings you pass， traveling among them． This open attitude to your experiences helps take in more information and also has a time﹣expanding effect这意味着通过我们的感官而不是思想生活．例如，在回家的路上，把你的注意力集中在你自己之外，而不是思考你必须处理的问题．看看天空，或者你路过的建筑，在它们中间穿行．这种对你的经历的开放态度有助于吸收更多的信息，也有一种时间扩张的效果，可知通过感官，我们可以吸收更多的信息，故选C．
（3）A． 主旨大意题．根据 How can we slow down time？ Here are two suggestions我们怎样才能放慢时间？这里有两个建议，结合文章内容，文章介绍了心理学研究发现熟悉的事物会让时间过得很快，并讲了如何放慢时间，故选A．
【点评】首先要通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合排除法逐一选出答案．最后再通读全文，核对答案．
15．（2019•北京）
Experiencing China

Mike， Canada
I spent three months with my host family（接待家庭） in China． It was a lifetime experience． I was able to experience Chinese living and culture，from basic Tai Chi to Beijing Opera． I even visited a famous traditional Chinese medicine hospital． Now I have a better understanding of Chinese culture．

Joanna， Australia
I stayed with my host family for five months． My host mother is a Chinese teacher and she is really warm﹣hearted． With her help，my Chinese has improved a lot． And I have got used to a new culture． My favorite part of the experience was sharing my feelings in China with her．

Bill， America
My host mother is a wonderful cook! She makes me all kinds of traditional Chinese dishes． They are tasty and I like them very much． Just like me，my host parents love to learn about different cultures． They often ask me questions about life in America．

Cindy， Germany
Recently I took part in a program to study Chinese． I lived with a host family in China for six months． My host sister is a really hardworking student． It was amazing to see how she made progress in English． And a close relationship has developed between us．
（1）Who visited a traditional Chinese medicine hospital？ A
A．Mike．
B．Joanna．
C．Bill．
D．Cindy．
（2）How long did Joanna stay with her host family in China？ C
A． Three months．
B． Four months．
C． Five months．
D． Six months．
（3）Cindy thinks her host sister is D ．
A． a wonderful cook
B． a responsible doctor
C． a warm﹣hearted teacher
D． a hardworking student
【考点】人物故事类阅读．
【分析】文章主要讲了3个外国学生在中国的学习经历．
【解答】1．A．细节理解题．根据I even visited a famous traditional Chinese medicine hospital我甚至参观了一家著名的中医医院，结合表格内容，可知是Mike参观了一家著名的中医医院，故选A．
2．C．细节理解题．根据I stayed with my host family for five months我和我的寄宿家庭呆了五个月，可知是5个月，故选C．
3．D．细节理解题．根据My host sister is a really hardworking student，可知她认为寄宿家庭的姐姐是一个非常用功的学生，故选D．
【点评】首先要通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合排除法逐一选出答案．最后再通读全文，核对答案．

考点卡片
1．人物故事类阅读
【考查类型】
（1）阅读理解考查类型：
1．主旨大意
2．文中细节
3．词义猜测
4．推理判断．
（2）文中细节的考查类型：
1．直接信息题
2．间接信息题
3．综合信息题．
【解题方法】
1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目．
2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换．
3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章起义．
【常见的提问方式】
1．According to the passage，who/what/where/which/when/why/how，etc．？
2．Which of the following is True/Not True/false/mentioned？
3．Which of the following is the correct according to the passage？
2．社会文化类阅读
【考查类型】
（1）阅读理解考查类型：
1．主旨大意
2．文中细节
3．词义猜测
4．推理判断．
（2）文中细节的考查类型：
1．直接信息题
2．间接信息题
3．综合信息题．
【解题方法】
1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目．
2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换．
3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章起义．
【常见的提问方式】
1．According to the passage，who/what/where/which/when/why/how，etc．？
2．Which of the following is True/Not True/false/mentioned？
3．Which of the following is the correct according to the passage？
3．科普知识类阅读
【考查类型】
（1）阅读理解考查类型：
1．主旨大意
2．文中细节
3．词义猜测
4．推理判断．
（2）文中细节的考查类型：
1．直接信息题
2．间接信息题
3．综合信息题．
【解题方法】
1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目．
2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换．
3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章起义．
【常见的提问方式】
1．According to the passage，who/what/where/which/when/why/how，etc．？
2．Which of the following is True/Not True/false/mentioned？
3．Which of the following is the correct according to the passage？
4．日常生活类阅读
【考查类型】
（1）阅读理解考查类型：
1．主旨大意
2．文中细节
3．词义猜测
4．推理判断．
（2）文中细节的考查类型：
1．直接信息题
2．间接信息题
3．综合信息题．
【解题方法】
1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目．
2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换．
3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章起义．
【常见的提问方式】
1．According to the passage，who/what/where/which/when/why/how，etc．？
2．Which of the following is True/Not True/false/mentioned？
3．Which of the following is the correct according to the passage？
5．阅读表达
【考查能力介绍】
①阅读表达即根据短文内容回答问题，是阅读理解的一个重要题型．此题为5个问题，一般比较简单，多数为细节理解题，答案能在原文中找到出处；也有开放性题目，往往需要概括文章主旨大意．
②阅读表达题往往从不同的角度命题，既考查学生的阅读理解能力，也考查他们的英语表达能力和概括能力，另外，对回答的拼写、语法的正确性的也有较高的要求．
【解题方法点拨】
①通读全文，弄清楚段落大意及文章的中心意思以及作者的基本观点、态度．
②根据问题去寻找答案，避免答非所问．
③简练作答，不要画蛇添足．组织答案时，注意避免语言错误，如：时态、主谓一致、句子结构和拼写等．
④认真核查，逐一检查所填的词是否符合原文主旨和细节，是否答非所问，是否仍存在语法、词汇拼写等错误，如果对字数有要求，是否符合要求．
⑤答案形式要符合提问方式，如原文中提问方式为"why"，那么就要用"because"引导的从句来回答．
解题步骤（以题目为例）
One day，Peter had a fight with one of his classmates．Then he went to his grandfather and told him his story angrily．"He is really bad，"the boy said，"and I hate him．"
The grandfather said，"Let me tell you a story．When I was a boy，I also sometimes hated others for what they did．"
As Peter listened carefully，the grandfather went on．"There are always two tigers inside my heart．One is good and kind．He gets on well with everything around him．But the other is bad and unfriendly．Even the smallest thing will make him angry．He fights with everyone all the time，and for no reason．He can't think carefully because he always hates others．It is difficult to live with these two tigers inside my heart．They both try to control （控制） me．"
Peter looked into his grandfather's eyes and asked，"Which tiger always controls you，grandfather？"
The old man said slowly and seriously，"The one that I feed．I always feed the good and kind tiger，so I never hate others and seldom （很少） get angry now．"
阅读表达．阅读短文，根据短文内容回答下列问题．
（1）What's wrong with Peter？
（2）Who did Peter tell his problems to？
（3）How many tigers are there in the grandfather's heart？
（4）Is it easy to live with these two tigers？
（5）Why does the old man never hate others and seldom get angry？
题目（1）问彼得怎么了，细读原文可得出答案"He had a fight with one of his classmates．"，因问句中有提到彼得，答句中不能用原文直接回答，需变主语为代词避免重复．
题目（2）问彼得把他的问题告诉谁了，抓住中心词who，回答时只需答出这个人即可，根据原文可知应答"His grandfather．"．
题目（3）问祖父的心中有多少只老虎，对how many的回答需要用数字，根据细节"There are always two tigers inside my heart．"可知要答"Two．"．
题目（4）是个一般疑问句，回答时用Yes， it it．或No， it isn't．，根据文中细节"It is difficult to …"可知应该用否定回答．
题目（5）问为什么老人从不怨恨别人也很少生气，用why提问，回答时要用because．根据末段老人的话可以知道答案"Because he always feed the good and kind tiger．"．
从问题中找出关键词在文章很容易寻出细节理解题的最佳答案．对于例题中没有涉及的归纳概括题，解题时要关注语篇结构（总﹣分、分﹣总、总﹣分﹣总），尽可能用原文中的关键词语回答问题，但不能照抄原句，要对原文进行总结归纳．
【解题技巧】
答题时，要了解不同问题的回答方式．
①一般疑问句用Yes/No回答．
②选择疑问句回答时不用Yes/No，需选择其中正确的一部分来作答．
③回答特殊疑问句较为复杂，要注意问题与回答在形式上的对应：问目的，就用 for短语、不定式短语等来回答；问原因，就用 because of 短语或because 从句来回答；问方式，就用 By doing来回答；问时间、地点时，答语中不要忘记介词；提问词是what 只能用完整句子、名词或名词性短语、名词性从句（多为宾语从句）来回答．
【中考命题方向】
阅读表达题是一些地方中考命题的重点题型，阅读内容贴近中学生学习生活．随着英语语言的普及，命题难度也在逐年增加，由简单的细节型提问更多地转变为对归纳概括能力的考查．一般疑问句的回答会逐渐减少，会更多地倾向于对特殊疑问句的问答．