2022北京丰台区高三下学期一模英语含答案

北京市丰台区2021—2022学年度第二学期综合练习

高三英语

本试卷共12页，100分。考试时长90分钟.考生务必格答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效.。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

笔试（共三部分100分）

第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）

第一节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Though new term had begun for weeks, the new girl Molly still remained ___1___ around her classmates. Now she was sitting at the picnic table alone. She seemed unsure of what to do or say, yet I could see her eyes longing for ___2___.

Brianna, the class clown, was standing near the playground making the other students laugh, as usual. “Brianna, Molly looks awfully ___3___. Would you invite her to join us?” I said.

Brianna sighed. I could tell that she was ___4___ to do what I was asking of her, but I also knew she was so sweet and kind. I had specifically ___5___ her for this task. She looked at her friends, then at Molly.

Knowing this choice was ___6___ her, I reached into my pocket and pulled out a D-buck, our class currency(货币). I needed to ___7___ her cooperation.

“Here, I’ll ___8___ you for your time.”

She offered an insincere smile, grasped the green paper, and headed off.

I watched closely as the girls talked. When they finally walked back together, I sighed with ___9___.

A minute later, Brianna came back and handed me the D-buck.

“I shouldn’t keep this.” Her eyes fell to her feet, _____10_____ radiating from her quiet voice. “I don’t want Molly to think I only went to get her so I could earn a D-buck. She’s my friend.”

Then Brianna skipped back to amuse her classmates again, and who laughed for the first time that week? Molly.

1. A. satisfied B. surprised C. awkward D. ashamed

2. A. trust B. acceptance C. understanding D. respect

3. A. angry B. puzzled C. serious D. lonely

4. A. unwilling B. eager C. determined D. disappointed

5. A. studied B. selected C. supported D. examined

6. A. comforting B. warming C. paining D. protecting

7. A. consider B. permit C. check D. ensure

8. A. help B. pay C. prepare D. forgive

9. A. relief B. concern C. sorrow D. regret

10. A. excitement B. courage C. guilt D. impatience

【1~10题答案】

【答案】1. C2. B3. D4. A5. B6. C7. D8. B9. A10. C

第二节（共10小题；每小题15分，共15分）

A

阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Space exploration began in 1957, when the first artificial satellite was launched by the Soviet Union. Yuri Gagarin ____11____ (become) the first person to orbit(环绕) the earth in 1961. In 1969, Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk ____12____ the moon. Since then, space exploration has advanced very ____13____ (rapid). It has produced, much ____14____ (amaze) technology that brings changes to the world.

【11~14题答案】

【答案】11. became

12. on13. rapidly

14. amazing

B

阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Leaf-cutter ants are interesting. ____15____(look) for leaves, the larger ants usually go out in groups. They bite of bits of leaves and carry them back. Watching these ants march in single file, carrying leaves, is quite a sight. These ants can carry a leaf that ____16____ (weigh) 20 times more than they do. The leaves ____17____ (collect) by the ants are not for eating. They are brought back so fungus(真菌) can grow on them. Tho fungus is the food for the ants.

【15~17题答案】

【答案】15. To look

16. weighs17. collected

C

阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Storyboards are a set of drawings to tell a story and a powerful way to visually present information. The original storyboards, ____18____ were used in movie-making, showed stories broken up into pieces. Each piece of the story ____19____ (draw) out on a card and stuck to a board in order. People were then able to talk about and revise the story by checking one part at a time. That is ____20____ I know about storyboards.

【18~20题答案】

【答案】18. which

19. was drawn

20. what

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）

第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Dear Jim O’Connor,

My name is Annie Le and I am writing to you on behalf of the Native Health Community Garden, a group of people working on starting a community garden in the Mesa Neighborhood.

While searching for potential garden locations, we came across your house located at West Southern Avenue. We are asking about the possibility of using your land as the site of our garden.

In general, a community garden is a space where plants are grown and taken care of by a group of people in the community. Community gardens improve the quality of life, offer more chances to talk to each other and beautify neighborhoods while providing green food and therefore reducing the household cost of food.

To ensure the smooth running of the project, elected volunteers would be in charge. You would have access to all these volunteers and they would like to answer any questions you may have.

I have included some general information about community gardens and what they can bring to a community. We would love to speak with you in person or over the phone to discuss what hosting community garden on your land would involve. Issues may include discussing an agreement rental charges, garden rules, and water access. All the costs for the project will be covered by us. We would also like to present to you our vision of this space.

We would very much like to have your support. Thank you for your consideration and please feel free to contact me. Thank you again.

Respectfully,

Annie Le

21. Why did Annie Le write to Jim O’Connor.

A. To rent his land.

B. To offer him a job.

CTo invite him to join her group.

D. To inform him of the community garden.

22. According to the passage, what will the garden bring to the community?

A. More green projects. B. Less water pollution.

C. More communication. D. Higher cost of living

23. Annie Le would like to further discuss ______.

A. service cost B. cooperation details

C. gardening skills D. community development

【21~23题答案】

【答案】21. A22. C23. B

B

Local barber (理发师) goes above and beyond for a little boy

“That day started all wrong,” LaQuista Erinna said. “And we forgot his headphones. We were running late, traffic was horrible, so I knew it was going to be difficult that day.”

When Erinna and her son finally arrived at their appointment, it seemed like there was no way 6-year-old Jackson, a boy with autism (自闭症), would be getting his hair cut.

“He just immediately got anxious,” Erinna explained. “Usually I have to do some coaching to get him in the chair. He will put on his headphones, and we power through.”

Erinna said Jackson is a typical little boy who loves to play and loves art. But some tasks can be sensory overload, and haircuts are one of them.

The stress was so intense for mom and son that almost two years went by before Jackson got another haircut. But this time, he was in the hands of Ree, the barber, and things were getting easier.

Ree noticed his Super Mario Bros shirt and told him that he needed to save Mario by making sure no hair got on him. She cut his hair while he moved and ran around the shop. She talked to him throughout the entire process, encouraging him and reminding him about protecting Mario to keep him engaged.

“It just touched me so much,” Erinna said: “She nurtured that relationship. She gained his trust.”

“I feel good I can go above and beyond for a child,” Ree said. “I know children want to be free.They want to express themselves so I try to find a different strategy to make them feel comfortable”

Jackson’s smile told the rest of the story.

Erinna was very moved by her son’s haircut. She shared a video online, which has gotten millions of views. Given the huge response, Erinna also set up a special GoFundMe to support Ree to make sure she’s able to continue to work and replace any lost income from the impact of the pandemic (流行病).

24. What usually helped to calm Jackson during haircuts?

A. His mother’s trust. B. His art books.

C. His barber’s encouragement. D. His headphones

25. How did Ree succeed in cutting Jackson’s hair?

A. By in spring him to be brave

B. By cooperating with his mother.

C. By turning the haircut into a game.

D. By telling stories about Super Mario.

26. To express thanks to Ree, Erinna ______.

A. raised money to support her

Badvertised her hair cutting skills

C. got haircuts at her shop regularly

D. posted photos of Jackson’s haircut online

27. Which of the following words can best describe Ree?

A. Kind and honest. B. Caring and generous.

C. Patient and creative. D. Confident and friendly.

【24~27题答案】

【答案】24. D25. C26. A27. C

C

The people who happen to be in a city center at any given moment may seem like a random collection of individuals. But new research featuring a simple mathematical law shows that urban travel patterns worldwide are, in fact, predictable despite location.

Researchers discovered what is known as an inverse square relation (平方反比关系) between the number of people in a given urban location and the distance they traveled to get there, as well as how frequently they made the trip. It may seem intuitive (直觉的) that people visit nearby locations frequently and distant ones less so, but the newly discovered relation accurately predicts, for instance, that the number of people coming from two kilometers away five times per week will be the same as the number coming from five kilometers twice a week.

The researchers analyzed data from about eight million people between 2006 and 2013 in six urban locations. This study focused on locations and examined how many people were visiting, from how far and how requently. The researchers found that all the unique choices people make—from dropping kids at school to shopping-obey this inverse square law.

One explanation for this strong statistical patter is that traveling requires time and energy, and people have limited resources for it. At the core is the effort that people are willing to invest collectively to travel to certain locations, trying to optimize their days.

Understanding these patterns is important not only for planning the placement of new shopping centers or public transportation but also for modeling disease transmission within cities, says Kathleen Stewart, a geographer and mobility researcher.

Many researchers estimate travel with “gravity models”, which assume that movement between cities is proportional(成比例的) to their population sizes. But these models do not account for travel patters within cites—information that is particularly critical in dealing with disease transmission Epidemiologist (流行病学家) Sam Scarpino says models based on this new finding might better track that flow.

“Those organizational patterns have really profound (深远的) implications on how COVID will spread,” Scarpino says. In a smaller rural location, where many people regularly go to the same grocery store, the entire town will experience sharp peaks of infections as the virus sweeps through the community. But in a bigger city, the spread takes longer he explains, because mini epidemics can occur in each neighborhood somewhat separately.

28. What does the underlined word “optimize” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A. Slow down. B. Keep a record of.

C. Think back on. D. Make the most of.

29. Why does the author mention “gravity models” in Paragraph 6?

A. To introduce the travel patterns within cities.

B. To stress the importance of tracking diseases.

C. To compare the urban and rural infection rates.

D. To show the advantage of the inverse square law.

30. Which of the following can be supported by the newly discovered law?

A. Diseases spread faster in rural areas than big cities.

B. Trip distance seldom influences people’s travel choices.

C. Epidemics are harder to discover in big cities than in rural areas,

D. City residents are likely to make frequent trips to a distant place.

【28~30题答案】

【答案】28. D29. D30. A

D

Earlier this week the online UK supermarket Ocado told its customers that it had “limited ability” to deliver ice ream. Why? Because the price of natural gas has increased greatly, which has hit the supply of CO2 in the UK. And that has led to a cut in the supply of dry ice that supermarkets use to keep food cool in their delivery vans (小型货车). So no ice cream.

This mini crisis has been fairly quickly resolve, for now at least. However, that doesn’t mean you shouldn’t worry. This incident serves as a timely reminder of just how reliant we are on fossil fuels. Despite our optimistic enthusiasm for wind and solar power, one way or another oil and gas use is shot through every part of our economic and social lives. That will be the case for many decades to come.

In his recently updated book There is No Planet B, Mike Berners-Lee lays out the challenge. When we talk about shifting from fossil fuels to clean energy of one kind or another, we aren’t discussing taking the amount of energy we use now and producing that amount in a different way. Instead, our target is always on the move. The more energy we can get our hands on, the more we use—even if our use of it becomes more efficient.

Energy usage is going to keep rising, while energy transitions (转变) tend to both take a very long time and never actually end. We just pile new sources on top of old. The world still uses much the same amount of traditional biomass (wood etc) as it did 100 years ago. We are running to stand still. This will change. But not as fast as you might like to think. In 2019, 33 percent of our new power generation needs were met by renewable energy. That’s a start. But 40 percent were met by natural gas.

There’s urgency here of course—which might speed things up. But there is something else that might slow us down. It didn’t take much to move people to fossil fuels—they are relatively easy to extract, relatively easy to transport, hugely energy dense and efficient and, of course, cheap. Until their externalities were understood, who could possibly have objected? Our current transition is different: people and companies will switch not because the new sources are easier to access, cheaper or more energy dense but because regulation mandates that they must.

Either way, the truth is that whether we like it or not our energy transition involves long term reliance on fossil fuels. That means we should stop demolishing them. Instead, we should focus on making their extraction cleaner and more efficient while we wait for the engineering challenges around a renewables-led future to be solved.

If we don’t do this—if we allow ourselves to be beguiled by the idea that solar is so advanced that we no longer need filthy fuels to have ice cream, we, will find the future held back by needlessly expensive energy—and almost certainly ice-cream free.

31. What do the first two paragraphs mainly show?

A. The necessity for traditional fuels.

B. Our enthusiasm for clean energy.

C. The seriousness of energy crisis.

D. UK’s dependence on dry ice.

32. According to Mike Berners-Lee, ______.

A. we have more types of energy on hand

B. the use of energy becomes more efficient

C. energy transition is far from being realized

Dwe are closer to the aim of replacing fossil fuels

33. The underlined word “demolising” in Paragraph 6 can be replaced by ______.

A. wasting B. devaluing

C. distributing D. justifying

34. What is the writer’s attitude toward the transition to the renewable energy?

A. Indifferent. B. Defensive.

C. Disapproving. D. Cautious.

【31~34题答案】

【答案】31. A32. C33. A34. D

第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Rethinking Obesity(肥胖症)

In principle, it sounds simple: eat less and move more. This dietary advice for dealing with obesity has been around for decades. ____35____ So why hasn’t this approach to weight control worked?

One possibility is that we haven’t tried hard enough. Perhaps we have lacked the discipline and willpower to maintain healthy dietary and exercise habits—a challenge made more difficult today for those surrounded by inexpensive, tasty highly processed foods.

____36____ In a recent paper, my colleagues and I question the basic assumption of whether taking in more calories than you burn really is the primary cause of obesity. We argue that we are driven to overeat because we are getting fatter.

The key to how this works in obesity is insulin (胰岛素) processed, rapidly digestible carbohydrates (碳水化合物食品) raise our insulin level too high. ____37____ A few hours after eating a high-carb meal, the number of calories in the blood stream falls suddenly, so we get hungrier sooner after eating.

The two opposing views of cause and effect in obesity have very different implications for how to prevent and treat weight problems. The usual approach focuses on how much to eat, with prescriptions (处方) for daily calorie intake. ____38____ Higher-fat foods may help get rid of body fat, a possibility supported by clinical trials comparing high-fat diets with low-fat ones.

This way of thinking might help explain why calorie restriction usually fails long before a person with obesity approaches an ideal body weight. A low-calorie, low-fat diet further restricts an already limited supply of energy to the body, worsening hunger without addressing the underlying tendency to store too many calories in body fat. ____39____

Although much more research will be needed to test this idea, it is time to question the basic assumptions about cause and effect calories and weight gain that have controlled our thinking.

A. Yet, worldwide obesity rates just keep going up.

B. In our view the emphasis should be place a on what to eat.

C. It is important to control the amount of food consumed by us.

D. Obesity is a disease that affects 650 million adults worldwide.

E. Or perhaps the problem is the focus on “calorie balance” itself.

F. Weight loss becomes a battle between mind and metabolism(新陈代谢).

G. This causes fat cells to take in to many calories, leaving fewer for the rest of the body.

【35~39题答案】

【答案】35A36. E37. G38. B39. F

第三部分  书面表达（共两节，32分）

第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区城作答。

Every year more of us try and reduce our impact on the planet. A refill shop, or zero waste shop, gives you a choice to go green.

Refill shops tend to be small, independent stores that sell non-packaged goods. Most of the time they will be dry ones like rice and nuts produced directly in the local sites, which means less carbon footprint from farm to plate. They can also be many other sustainable (可持续的) products, like refill cleaning products and soaps. Shoppers only need to bring containers they already own and refill them from larger containers in the store.

Refill and zero-waste shops are usually located in communities. Buying from within walking distance, clearly, is more sustainable and kinder to the planet, and your community. If you’re walking down the street to your local refill shop. then you’re doing great but if you’re driving hours away to find your closest shop, then the transport may cancel out any benefits of what you buy. Remember, it’s the whole process not just the end product.

Perhaps the most significant aspect of shopping at local refill shops is that they encourage us to think about our consumer habits. They make us pause and think about how we can make positive changes for the environment.

If you can shop local and from independent refill shops, then you should. It doesn’t have to be all the time but minimising waste and choosing refills where you can will make a positive difference.

40. What are refill shops?

41. According to the passage, what is the most important value of refill shopping?

42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.

Refill shops are built in communities within walking distance because driving to these shops can cost monev

43. In reality, refill shops have not won much popularity yet. What do you think might be the possible reason(s)?(In about 40 words)

【40~43题答案】

【答案】40. Refill shops are small, independent stores that sell non-packaged goods.

41. The most important value of refill shopping is that it cncourages us to think about our consumer habits.

42. According to the passage, refill shops are built in communities within walking distance because walking to refill shops is environmentally-friendly.

43. 言之有理即可。

第二节（20分）

44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你校来自英因的交换生Jim发邮件请你推荐一门学校特色课程：请你用英文给他回复邮件，内容包括：

1.你推荐的课程；

2.你的理由。

注意：1.词数100左右；

2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数，

Dear Jim,

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

【44题答案】

【答案】Dear Jim,

How is it going? I’m writing to recommend a distinctive course to you — Chinese Kungfu.

This course is perfect for you. First, it is great for your overall health. Chinese Kungfu involves a lot of body movements, which can make you stronger and more flexible. It can also reduce your stress and keep you in a relaxed mood. What’s more, the course is interactive. During the training, you can get positive feedback and learn how to cooperate with others. I’m sure you can benefit a lot from it.

Are you ready to give it a go? Looking forward to your reply.

Yours,

Li Hua