2022年中考英语语法专题复习学案介词及介词短语

这是一份2022年中考英语语法专题复习学案介词及介词短语，共11页。学案主要包含了单项选择等内容，欢迎下载使用。
in/n/at
注意:在以this，that，next，last，tmrrw，yesterday等开始的表示时间的单词或词组前不用介词。如: I will g t Beijing next week. 下周我将去北京。
2.其余表示时间的介词辨析
同步练习：
一、用at, in, n, / 填空.
____my ninth birthday ____June ____weekdays ____2022 ________this mrning
____ dark在天黑时 ____spring ____the 1990s ____6:00 ______last week
____ June, 2010 ____Children’s Day ____ a rainy mrning ______ July 2nd
二、单项选择
( )1. Mst f the villagers tk part in the Dragn Bat races _ 9：00 a．m.__the mrning f June 7.
at；in B．n；n C．n；in D．at；n
( )2. --Did yu get WeChat Red Envelps ______ the Spring Festival?
--Yes. It’s actually the mst ppular way f sending traditinal hliday presents nw.
A．by B．with C．during D．fr
( )3.My family mved t England in 2010 and we have lived here ________ 10 years.
A. within B. past C. in D. fr
( )4. —Hw lng have yu lived in the new flat? —______ 2010.
A．In B．After C．Since D．Befre
( )5. My mther has gne t Hangzhu fr business, and she will be back _____ tw mnths.
fr B．in C．t D．after
( )6. I ften d vlunteer wrk in the library_____Sundays.
at B．in C．n D．fr
( )7. Dctrs say that the first 10 minutes _____a traffic accident is imprtant fr saving a life.
in B. after C. befre D. during
( )8. Tm watched the Wrld Cup ____11:30 last night.
when B. unless C. until D. n
( )9. The Manned Spacecraft(载人飞船) Shenzhu-12 was sent up int space ___June 17, 2021.It made all f us excited. A. at B. in C. n D. since
( )10. It's hard t turn dwn(拒绝) a banana.They taste gd and yu dn't have t wash them ____eating them.
A．until B． after C．befre D． during
考点二：方位介词
at, in, n与t辨析
abve，ver，n，under与belw辨析
in frnt f与in the frnt f辨析
acrss与thrugh辨析
between与amng辨析
其它方位介词
同步练习：
( )1. It's reprted that the high­speed rail will be perated the next year ______ the tw cities.
A．acrss B．amng C．between D．beside
( )2. Mr. Green's ffice is ______ the 26th flr.Yu can take the lift there.
A．at B．in C．n D．fr
( )3. Yu must be careful when yu swim ______ the lake.
A．acrss B．belw C．ver D．thrugh
( )4. Taiwan lies ______ the east f Fujian Prvince, ________ the sutheast f China.
A．n；in B．t；in C．n；t D．t；n
( )5. It's a little ht tday. A grup f kids are playing games ______ the tree happily.
A．belw B．under C．beneath D．abve
( )6. In the picture, he sits ______ me, lking very happy.
A．beside B．amng C．up D．thrugh
( )7. The lake is very clear, we can even see the fish swimming ______ it.
A．in B．n C．t D．behind
( )8. A wman std ______ the windw, watching the children playing games in the garden.
past B．thrugh C．acrss D．by
( )9. It's cl utside. Let's take a walk ________ the river after dinner.
A. alng B. thrugh C. upn D. ver
( )10. In which f the fllwing pictures is the dg behind the sfa？
B. C. D.
考点三：方式介词
同步练习：
( )1. ______ all his pcket mney, Dan bught a present fr his mther n Mther's Day.
A．With B．Fr C．By D．In
( )2. When I gt int the rm, Sue was talking ______ the phne.
A．with B．n C．t D．in
( )3. Culd yu tell me what it is ______ Japanese?
A．fr B．in C．with D．by
( )4. They save mney ______ cking their wn meals instead f eating ut.
A．fr B．in C．with D．by
5. They walked t the bus stp yesterday afternn.(同义句转换)
They went t the bus stp ______ _______yesterday afternn.
6.They flew frm Lndn t Paris last Saturday.(同义句转换)
They went frm Lndn t Paris ______ _______ last Saturday.
He rde his bike t a farm yesterday afternn.(同义句转换)
He went t a farm ______ _______ yesterday afternn.
考点四：其它介词
同步练习：
( )1.I think tea will taste better _____ sme milk in it.
A．fr B． with C．frm D． at
( )2. Culd yu please give me a hand? I can't cmplete the task n time ______ yur help.
A．withutB．underC．withD．at
( )3. Befre yu g t Canada, yu need t learn mre ______ it.
A．frm B．in C．abut D．fr
( )4. Tny gets up early in the mrning.He likes t make breakfast ______ his family.
A．at B．by C．fr D．in
( )5. Yesterday we played ftball ______ Class 6.We wn the game at last.
A．fr B．against C．between D．n
( )6. In my pinin, friends are __bks--They can give us a lt f help when we are in truble.
abut B. like C. ver D. amng
( )7. Wh is the by _____ a blue T­shirt? —He is my cusin.
A．n B． in C．f D． as
( )8. Yu can buy sme new bks at a lwer price ________ a member f ur bkstre.
at B. alng C. as D. frm
( )9. Alice，wuld yu like t g hiking with us?—What a pity！I'm free every day ____ tday.
A．fr B． except C．besides D． amng
( )10. Kate felt excited t see a grup f sheep walking ____her int a village in Qinghai.
ver B. past C. acrss D. thrugh
考点五：介词短语及固定搭配
1．常见介词短语及介词与名词的固定搭配
◆与at搭配in
用在世纪、年份、季节、月份，不特定的上、下午和晚上等词前面。
in the 1980s 在20世纪80年代；
in 1995 在1995年；
in May，1992 在1992年5月；
in spring／summer／autumn／winter；
in the mrning／afternn／evening
n
用在星期、日期、节日名词前，表示具体某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上或一般节日等。
n December 1st，1994 在1994年12月1日；
n Mnday mrning 在星期一上午；
n a cld mrning 在一个寒冷的早晨；
n the night f Octber 22nd 在10月22日晚上；
n Christmas Day 在圣诞节；
n Teachers’ Day 在教师节
at
用在点钟、黎明、中午、黄昏、半夜以及周末等词前。
at six ’clck 在6点钟；
at dawn 在黎明；at nn 在中午；
at night在晚上；at the weekend 在周末
fr
与
in
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① “fr+时间段”表示“……多长时间”，一般用于现在完成时，用 “Hw lng”提问。谓语动词只能用延续性动词。
She has wrked there fr fur years.
她已经在那里工作4年了。
I have been married fr three years.
我已经结婚三年了。
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②“in+时间段”表示“……多久之后”，用于将来时，用 “Hw sn”提问。
Can yu finish drawing a gd hrse in five minutes?
你能在5分钟内画一匹好看的马吗?
since
意为“自从，自……以后”，后接时间点，通常与完成时连用，谓语动词用延续性动词。
The factry has been there since spring 1989.
那家工厂自1989年春就在那里了。
befre
表示“在之前”
Wash hands befre dinner. 晚饭前要洗手。
after
用在一般将来时中，表示“……之后”， 后接时间点。
He'll cme back after tw 'clck.
他将在两点后回来。
用在一般过去时中，表示“……之后”， 后接时间段。
He gt back frm the U．S.after tw weeks.
两周后他从美国返回了。
during
表示“在……期间”
Students take part in all kinds f activities during the class break. （在课间）
thrugh
表示“从……开始到……结束”，强调动作发生的全过程
It's very ht thrugh the whle summer this year.今年整个夏天都很热。
frm
表示“从……起”，常与介词t搭配：frm… t…
Students have classes frm Mnday t Friday.学生从周一到周五上课。
until/till
用于肯定句，意为“直到……为止”，谓语动词需用延续性动词
I waited fr yu until tw 'clck yesterday.我昨天等你直到两点。
用于否定句，””意为“直到……才”，谓语动词用短暂性动词
The child didn't g t bed until 11 'clck last night.孩子昨天晚上直到十一点才上床睡觉
by
最迟在某一时刻或某一日期之前(可表示现在、过去或将来)
He must have returned by next Mnday.
他下周一一定就回来了。
“到……时候；当(某时候)到了”
By the time yu get hme，it will be dark.
当你回家时，天都黑了。
past和t
在点钟的表达中，past意为“过”，t意为“差”
five past tw 两点过五分 2：05
five t tw 两点差五分1：55
at
at+小地点(车站、电影院等)
at hme在家 sit at the table 坐在桌旁
at the statin在车站
用于门牌号码前
at 403 Bk Street在书街403号
in
in+大地点（洲名、国家名、城市名等）
in China在中国 in Asia在亚洲
in Lanzhu在兰州
“在里”包含在内 (在周围的环境是立体的地方)
in a frest在森林里 in the sky在天空中
in his schlbag in space在宇宙中
n
与……表面相接触
n the flr 在地板上
在任何广阔的面上
n the farm/mn在农场上/在月球上
“接壤；紧挨”等
Wuhan stands n the Yangtze River.
武汉紧挨着长江。
t
相邻（两个个体之间有一定距离）
Japan lies t the east f China in the east f Asia.It faces the Pacific n the east.
日本在亚洲东部(范围内)，中国东面(不接壤)，东临太平洋(接壤)。
abve
“在……的上方”，表示两者不接触，不一定垂直。
The plane is flying abve the cluds.飞机在云层上飞行。
ver
“在……正上方”，表示两者不接触。
We can build a bridge ver the river.我们可以在河上建一座桥。
n
“在……的上面”，指一个物体在另一个物体的表面上，即相互接触。
There are many bks n the desk.
书桌上有许多书。
under
“在……正下方”，表示两者不接触。
My cat is lying under the chair.
我的猫正躺在椅子下面。
belw
“在……的下方”，表示两者不接触，不一定垂直。
The cat reaches belw the knees.
那件大衣盖过膝盖。
in frnt f
在物体外部的前面（独立）
There is a big tree in frnt f his huse.他家前面有一棵大树。
in the frnt f
在空间内部的前面（包含）
Mary is near­sighted, s she sits in the frnt f the classrm.玛丽眼睛近视，因此坐在教室前面。
acrss
从平面横穿
crss(动词)＝g/walk acrss
Yu shuld be careful when yu crss(g/walk acrss)the street.过马路时要小心。
thrugh
从空间穿过
The flight flew thrugh the cluds.飞机穿过了层。
between
在（两者）之间
Tm sits between Mike and Jim.
汤姆坐在迈克和吉姆之间。
amng
在（三者或三者以上）
之间
Li Gang is the tallest amng the three bys.
三个男孩中李刚最高。
near
在……附近
My hme is near the schl.
beside
在……旁边
Cme and sit beside me.
next t
紧靠着……；相邻
The supermarket is next t the pst ffice.
behind
在……后面
Li Lei is behind the dr.
arund
绕着；在周围
lk arund arund the wrld
alng
沿着，顺着
Walk alng the rad.
twards
朝；向
walk twards Li Ming
int
到里面；进入
Cme int the huse.
utside
在外面
utside the building
inside
在里面
inside the ffice
by
靠近；在边上
(比near更近一些)
by the river
by
by＋交通工具
car=take a car= a car
bus=take a bus= a bus
bike=ride a bike= a bike
by＋v.­ing形式，
表示“通过……方式”
He learns English by listening t the radi.
他通过听收音机学英语。
In
in＋语言、声音等
Please say it in Chinese.请用汉语说它。
in a lw vice低声地
Dn't write in pencil.不要用铅笔写。
n
n＋电器
On TV/the radi/the phne 通过电视/收音机/电话
With
With+工具、身体部位等，表示“用”
Cut the apple with the knife.用刀子切这个苹果。
Make a better life with yur hands.
abut
大约
The bk csts abut $10.
关于
I have already heard abut him.
as
像；如同
as big as
作为；当作
As a student, we shuld wrk hard.
like
像……一样;例如
Tm des many sprts, like jumping and running.
against
对抗；和……竞争，其反义词为fr，意为“支持，赞成”
Our team played against yurs and we wn.
我们队和你们队比赛，我们队赢了。
fr
支持
I vted fr Tm. 我投了汤姆的票。
表示动作的对象或接受者，意为“为，给”
I will buy a beautiful present fr her.
表示理由或原因，意为“因为，由于”
Thanks a lt fr yur advice.
表示一段时间或距离
We haven't seen each ther fr a lng time.
f
的（表示所属）
a friend f mine
表示数量或种类
a glass f water
with
表示伴随，意为“和……一起”
He came in with a bk in his hand.
他进来了，手里拿着一本书。
except
除了（不包括）
Everyne is very happy except him.
除了他每个人都很开心。
besides
除了还有（包括）
Besides reading，I als like listening t music.
除了读书，我也喜欢听音乐。
including
包括；包含
Ten peple were killed in the traffic accident，including a baby.在这次交通事故中有10个人丧生，其中包括一个婴儿。
withut
没有
He just left withut saying gdbye.
他没说再见就走了。
at nce立刻
at first起初，起先
at birth出生时
at present目前，现在
at hme在家
at schl在上学
at night在晚上
at nn在中午
at sea在海上
at the table在桌子旁
at the meeting在会上
at the same time同时
at the ft f在……脚下
at times有时
at the end f在……结尾
at least至少
at the age f在……岁时
◆与by搭配
by hand用手做
by bus坐公交车
by air坐飞机
by train坐火车
by ship坐轮船
by mistake错误地
by the way顺便说一下
by neself单独地
by the time到……的时候
by accident偶然地
by the end f到……结束◆与in搭配
in fact事实上
in life一生中
in line成一直线，排队
in rder整齐，按顺序
in rder t为了
in public当众
in space在太空
in the sun在阳光下
in style时髦的；流行的
in time及时
in twn在镇上
in persn亲自；亲身
in silence安静地；沉默
in surprise惊奇地
in truble处于困境
in English用英语
in a wrd总而言之
in a hurry匆忙，急忙
in a rw一排；一列；一行 in a lw vice小声地
in the end最后
in the air在传播中
in the way挡道；妨碍
in the street在街上
in the future在未来
in the distance在远处
in agreement意见达成一致
in need在危急中，急需
◆与n搭配
n duty值日；值班
n ft步行
n sale廉价销售；出售
n shw展出
n time准时，按时
n business出差
n display陈列，展览
n vacatin在度假
n weekends在周末
n the left在左边
n the right在右边
n ne's wn独自
n the tp f在……顶部
n ne's way t
在某人去……的路上◆其他
during the day在白天
ut f sight消失，看不见
ut f breath上气不接下气
t ne's surprise
使某人吃惊的是
t be hnest 老实来讲
with the help f
在……的帮助下
between…and…
在……和……之间
instead f代替，而不是
fr example=such as 例如
after all 毕竟；终究
because f 因为
frm nw n 从现在开始
2．介词与动词的固定搭配
agree with同意
wrry abut 担心
think abut 考虑
wait fr 等待
ask fr 要求
leave fr前往
begin with 以开始
learn frm…从/向……学习
prtect…frm…
保护……免受……
lk up查阅；向上看
lk fr 寻找
lk at 看
lk after 照顾
lk ver检查
succeed in 在方面成功
lk frward t (ding) 期待
pay attentin t (ding)
注意
prvide…fr…
为……提供……
prepare fr 为做准备
accrding t 根据
thanks t 幸亏
hear f 听说
hear frm 收到某人的来信
die f 死于
fill with 装满
run acrss 偶然碰到
write t 写信给
laugh at 嘲笑
send fr派人去请
depend n依赖、依靠
catch up with赶上
get n / alng with
与……相处
3．介词与形容词的固定搭配(be＋形容词＋介词)be amazed at对……感到惊讶
be angry with生(某人的)气
be excited abut对……感到兴奋
be interested in对……感兴趣
be plite t 对有礼貌
be friendly t 对友好
be harmful t 对有害
be famus fr因……而著名
be pleased with对……感到满意
be satisfied with 对……感到满意
be patient with 对有耐心
be strict with sb.对某人要求严格
be strict in sth.对某事要求严格
be prud f对……感到骄傲
be ready fr为……准备好
be wrried abut为……担心
be afraid f害怕
be busy with忙于……
be gd at擅长于
be full f充满
be late fr迟到
be ppular with受……欢迎
be absent frm缺席
be different frm 与不同
be similar t 和相似
be separated frm 和分开
be hard n sb. 对某人苛刻
be made frm 由制成（看不出原材料）
be made f 由制成（能看出原材料）
be made in +地点 由制造
be made by +人 由制造
be made int 被制成
be made up f 由组成句型
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①It’s +adj. +fr sb. +t d
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②It’s +adj. +f sb. +t d
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③It’s time fr sb. t d sth.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④spend sme time (in) ding
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤waste sme time (in) ding
= 6 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑥have difficulty / truble (in) ding sth
= 7 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑦be busy (in) ding sth
= 8 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑧stp / prevent sb (frm) ding sth
同步练习：
一、单项选择
( )1. This schl is different ______ the thers.It has many ut­f­class activities.
A．fr B．frm C．f D．as
( )2. Yur glves shuld be made ______ leather, fr they feel sft and smth.
A．in B．n C．f D．fr
( )3. New Year is cming，we shuld make reslutins ______ the beginning f the year.
A．t B．n C．at D．by
( )4. Remember t arrive at the schl gate ______ tmrrw mrning.
A．n purpse B．n time C．n duty D．n shw
( )5. When we d shpping in the supermarket, we'd better use clth bags ______ plastic nes.
A．in spite f B．because f C．ahead f D．instead f
( )6. Xia Wei is a gd friend indeed.He is always there whenever I am ______.
A．in truble B．in style C．in rder D．in persn
( )7. —D yu miss Mr. Chen? —Yes.I d.____, have yu ever heard frm him since he left?
A．In the wayB．On the way C．By the way D．T the way
( )8. Everyne wants t win.But _____ me, the mst imprtant thing is t learn smething new and have fun. A. as fr B．thanks t C．alng with D．except fr
( )9. ____ a new study frm the Wrld Health Organizatin, music can make us happier and healthier.
A. Accrding t B. Thanks t C. Because fD. Instead f
( )10.It's nt surprising that Jack gt full marks in the test. _____, he studied hardest in ur class.
A. In timeB. After all C. On purpse D. At nce
二、完成句子
1. 这件连衣裙是在中国银行对面的服装店买的。
This dress was bught in the clthing shp __________ ___________ the Bank f China.
蓝鲸现在正处于危险之中，因此我们应该努力保护它们。
Blue whales are ___________ ____________ nw, s we shuld try t prtect them.
在那个年代，书籍是靠手工制作的。
In thse days, bks were prduced ____________ ____________.
许多年轻人喜欢在周末围着公园跑步。
Many yung peple prefer t run ___________ __________ __________ at weekends.
同时做两件不同的事对我来说很难。
It's very difficult fr me t d tw different things _________ ________ ________ ________ .
老实说，这个游戏太无聊了以至于我不想再玩了。
________ ________ ________ ,this game is s bring that I dn't want t play it again.
7.你不应该对你的妈妈大喊大叫。你应该对她有礼貌。
Yu shuldn't shut at yur mm. Yu shuld ________ ________ ________ her.
8. 老师们对学生们的成就感到非常骄傲。
Teachers ________ great ________ in their students’ achievements.
9. 你至少要花半个小时才能到达那里。
It will take yu _________ _________ half an hur t get there.
10. 这个航班因恶劣天气延误了。
The flight was delayed __________ _________ the bad weather.