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练习01 情态动词+have done-2021-2022学年【补习教材·寒假作业】高二英语(牛津译林版)
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练习1 情态动词+have done
一、单项选择
从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入空白处的最佳选。
1.---Did they visit the famous university?
---No. They _______ it, but they spent too much time shopping.
A.must have visited B.could have visited C.can’t have visited D.shouldn’t have visited
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:——他们参观了那所著名的大学吗?——不,他们本来可以去的,但他们花了太多时间来购物。A. must have visited过去一定参观了;B. could have visited本来能做某事(实际上未做);C. can’t have visited不可能参观了;D. shouldn’t have visited本不应该参观,但实际参观了。根据but they spent too much time shopping.可知,空处需用could have visited,表示他们本来可以参观那所著名的大学。故选B。
2.I knew she was in because I heard the radio, but she didn’t open the door. She _______ the bell.
A.might not hear B.mustn’t have heard C.couldn’t hear D.may not have heard
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:我知道她在里面,因为我听到了收音机的声音,但她没有开门。她可能没有听到铃声。根据前一句谓语动词knew可知,空处表示对过去情况的推测需用情态动词+have done,排除选项A和C,;mustn’t have heard是错误的表达,根据句意可知,空处需用may have done表示过去也许做过某事,may not have done表示过去也许没有做某事。故选D。
3.Now, look at our purchase. We _________so much food and drinks now that Emily won't be with us for dinner.
A.needn’t have bought B.might have bought
C.could have bought D.ought to have bought
【答案】A
【详解】考查“情态动词+have done”结构。句意:现在,看看我们买的东西。我们本来没有必要买那么多食物和饮料,因为爱米丽不来和我们一起吃晚饭了。A. needn’t have bought本来没有必要买,但实际上买了;B. might have bought可能买过;C. could have bought本来能买的(却没买成);D. ought to have bought过去本应该买,却未买。根据上文“Now, look at our purchase.”以及后文“now that Emily won't be with us for dinner”可知此处表示“本来没有必要做某事,但实际上做了”应用needn’t have done,故选A。
4.Someone _________ my umbrella. I found it wet.
A.should have used B.can't have used C.must have used D.could have used
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:肯定有人用了我的伞。我发现它是湿的。must表示“肯定、一定”,根据后一句句意可知,第一句是对过去动作的肯定猜测,用must have done,故选C。
5.---I have looked for my keys everywhere, but I can’t find them.
---Sorry to hear that. You _____ them somewhere.
A.must lose B.should lose
C.must have lost D.should have lost
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意:---我到处找我的钥匙,但就是找不到。---听到这我很抱歉。你一定是把它们忘在某个地方了。情态动词+have done表示对过去的事情进行推测,must have done一定已经做了某事,这里表示对过去事实肯定的推测,故选C。
6.His father _________ him for his rudeness, for Tom looked happy.
A.could have forgiven B.might have forgiven
C.must forgive D.must have forgiven
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意:他爸爸肯定原谅他的粗鲁,因为汤姆看起来很高兴。A. could have forgiven本可以原谅;B. might have forgiven可能已经原谅;C. must forgive现在肯定原谅;D. must have forgiven肯定已经原谅。根据句意和原因状语从句的looked可知,此处考查对过去情况的肯定推测,其表达为must have done“过去肯定做了某事”,故选D项。
7.I can’t find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.
A.should leave B.must have left
C.might leave D.could have left
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词表推测。句意:我不能找到我的钱包了,昨天我有可能把它落到超市了,但我不确定。根据句中时间状语yesterday可知,是对过去事情的推测,故用情态动词+ have done,再根据后句but I’m not sure.可知,此推测为不能肯定的推测,故用情态动词could,表示“可能”。故选D。
【点睛】
情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点。本题抓住两点:第一、时态。根据句中时间状语可以判断出是对过去事情的推测,故用情态动词 + have done;如果是对现在事情的推测,才用情态动词+v原形。第二、情态动词的选择。must为肯定推测,表示“一定”,could为不肯定推测,表示“可能”,这样就能选出正确答案。
二、根据所给汉语意思完成句子
1.考试后我说这次考试很容易,还说我准能得高分,我的口气听上去想必很是自得。
I __________ __________ __________ very proud of myself after the quiz, __________ how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good grade.
【答案】must have sounded saying
【详解】考查情态动词和现在分词。由句意和谓语was可知,本句是对过去发生的动作很有把握的肯定推测,应用must have done形式,sound(听上去);第四空与前句无连词连接,此处用非谓语形式,主语I 和动词say是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词(doing)表主动,作状语,say(说)。故填①must②have③sounded④saying。
2.这似乎是一件怪事:这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过,并且在伦敦去世。
It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism __________ in London.
【答案】should have lived and died
【详解】考查情态动词+完成时。分析句子结构可知句子缺少谓语动词“竟然在在伦敦生活过并死去”,情态动词should+完成时,用于表示对过去发生的情况表示惊讶,翻译为“竟然”。故填should have lived and died。
三、完形填空
阅读下列短文,从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
The reusing trend continues to gain steam in countries all over the globe. Now, there is a shopping mall that is full of 1 stores only. ReTuna, a two-story complex in Eskilstuna. Sweden, offers a wide 2 of shops with recycled goods.
ReTuna has been around since 2015, and it was designed to 3 Sweden's problem of rising
4 .This is the first mall in the world to focus on 5 shopping. The company wants to make it 6 for people to find valuable goods by putting second-hand stores under one roof 7 consumers having to 8 thrift stores (慈善商店)throughout the city.
"I think it's fun to find something that people have used, and we can use 9 said Cato Limas, a ReTuna customer. "If you look at the things they're selling here, they're almost 10 . So actually, why 11 buying new stuff?" During his first 12 to the mail. Limas 13 about $7 and came away with a bag full of toys for his newborn baby.
Nearly every item on sale is from public donations, which are 14 at the mail's drive-through depot (储藏室).The mall's 11 stores include a furniture outlet, a bookstore and a bicycle shop. Stores that sign a contract with ReTuna must 15 to zero-waste.
More than 50 people work at the complex, and it has played a role in creating 16 for immigrants in the area. ReTuna 17 adult education courses that focus on design-based recycling as well
Sweden has been a longtime 18 when it comes to sustainability. More than 99 percent of the country's ordinary household 19 is reused, and separating rubbish for recycling has been a(n) 20 practice for Swedes since the 1980s.
1.A.virtual B.electronic C.second-hand D.ever-lasting
2.A.selection B.description C.analysis D.view
3.A.operate B.handle C.challenge D.debate
4.A.energy B.stress C.crime D.consumption
5.A.annual B.regular C.sustainable D.favorite
6.A.earlier B.easier C.better D.smaller
7.A.as to B.regardless of C.thanks to D.instead of
8.A.look after B.take over C.search for D.put up
9.A.further B.less C.closer D.higher
10.A.rare B.new C.clean D.complete
11.A.mind B.practice C.bother D.finish
12.A.solution B.donation C.effort D.visit
13.A.cost B.spent C.rented D.took
14.A.called for B.paid off C.sent for D.dropped off
15.A.commit B.refer C.object D.admit
16.A.demand B.conflicts C.conditions D.employment
17.A.offers B.evaluates C.records D.changes
18.A.owner B.trainer C.1eader D.saver
19.A.plan B.waste C.income D.business
20.A.ancient B.temporary C.international D.common
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了位于瑞典一个叫Eskilstuna的城市有一个ReTuna的购物中心,跟其他购物中心不一样,它是专门从事二手商品的回收再利用的生意。
1.C 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:现在有一种购物商店,它里面只有二手商品。A. virtual重要的;B. electronic电子的;C. second-hand二手的;D. ever-lasting永久的。从本段第一句“The reusing trend continues to gain steam in countries all over the globe.”可知,现在重复使用成为全世界的一种趋势,所以就有一种商店,它只出售二手商品。故选C项。
2.A 考查名词词义辨析。句意:ReTuna一个二层楼的建筑,位于瑞典一个叫Eskilstuna的城市,它里面有着种类齐全的商店,这些商店都在出售二手商品。A.selection选择;B.description描述;C.analysis分析;D.view视野。从文中“ReTuna, a two-story complex in Eskilstuna. Sweden, offers a wide ___ ___ of shops with recycled goods.”可知,ReTuna是一个大型的二手购物中心,既然是购物中心,里面当然会有种类齐全的商店供买家选择,a wide selection of(种类齐全的,不同种类的)固定搭配,故选A项。
3.B 考查动词词义辨析。句意:ReTuna自2015年建成,它是为了解决瑞典人日益增长的消费问题的。A. operate运作,操作;B. handle处理,解决;C. challenge挑战;D. debate辨论。从文中“and it was designed to ___ ___ Sweden's problem of rising ___ ___ .”可知,是需要处理,解决瑞典目前的问题,结合选项,故选B项。
4.D 考查名词词义辨析。句意:ReTuna自2015年建成,它是为了解决瑞典人日益增长的消费问题的。A. energy能量;B. stress压力;C. crime犯罪;D. consumption消费。从上文“ReTuna, a two-story complex in Eskilstuna. Sweden, offers a wide ___ ___ of shops with recycled goods.”可知ReTuna是一个购物中心,那么它建成的初衷就肯定与商品有关系了,有商品即有消费,结合选项,故选D项。
5.C 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这是世界上第一个关注可持续购物的商城。A. annual周年的;B. regular规则的;C. sustainable可持续的;D. favorite喜爱的。从文中“ReTuna, a two-story complex in Eskilstuna. Sweden, offers a wide ___ ___ of shops with recycled goods.”可知,主要讲ReTuna这个出售二手商品的购物中心的二手商品的再出售,被使用,这是一个可持续的购物,结合选项,故选C项。
6.B 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:公司是想通过把二手商品都集中在一个地方出售,这样可以让人们更容易地找到有价值的商品,而不用穿越整个城市寻找每一个慈善商店。A. earlier更早地;B. easier更容易地;C. better更好地;D. smaller更小地。从文中“The company wants to make it ___ ___ for people to find valuable goods by putting second-hand stores under one roof ___ ___ consumers having to ___ ___ thrift stores throughout the city.”可知,相比于人们购买二手商品需要穿越整个城市寻找每一个慈善店铺,公司把所有这些二手商品集中在一个地方出售,这样对于人们购物要更容易一些,故选B项。
7.D 考查短语辨析。句意:公司是想通过把二手商品都集中在一个地方出售,这样可以让人们更容易地找到有价值的商品,而不用穿越整个城市寻找每一个慈善商店。A. as to关于;B. regardless of忽视;C. thanks to幸亏;D. instead of取而代之。从本句“The company wants to make it ___ ___ for people to find valuable goods by putting second-hand stores under one roof ___ ___ consumers having to ___ ___ thrift stores throughout the city.”可知,空前是说把二手商品集中在一起出售,空后是讲人们购买二手商品需要穿越整个城市的寻找每一个慈善店铺,为了让人购物更容易些,就用一种方式替代另一种方式,故选D项。
8.C 考查动词短语辨析。句意:公司是想通过把二手商品都集中在一个地方出售,这样可以让人们更容易地找到有价值的商品,而不用穿越整个城市寻找每一个慈善商店。A. look after照顾;B. take over掌管;C. search for寻找;D. put up张贴。从句中“consumers having to ___ ___ thrift stores throughout the city.”可知,消费者想要买到有价值的商品的话,需要把整个城市里的每一个慈善商店都得找出来。故选C项。
9.A 考查副词词义辨析。句意:我认为找到一些别人已经用过的东西,同时,这些东西我们也可以用,会让人感到很趣,Cato Limas,一个ReTuna的消费者进一步说道。A. further进一步地;B. less更少地;C. closer更亲密地,更近地;D. higher更高地。从下文“If you look at the things they're selling here, they're almost ___ ___.So actually, why ___ ___ buying new stuff?”可知,这是Cato Limas说的第二句话,是对Cato Limas说的第一句话进一步补充,故选A项。
10.B 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:如果你看见它们在这里出售,它们几乎是新的。A. rare罕见的;B. new新的;C. clean干净的;D. complete全部的。从下文中“So actually, why ___ ___ buying new stuff?”可知既然是不需要费心去买新的东西,说明这些东西几乎是新的,故选B项。
11.C 考查动词词义辨析。句意:所以事实上,为什么费心去买新的东西呢?A. mind介意;B. practice练习;C. bother费心做;D. finish完成。从文中“I think it's fun to find something that people have used, and we can use ”中可知,Cato Limas是赞成买二手商品的,不赞成买新的东西,结合选项,故选C项。
12.D 考查名词词义辨析。句意:在Cato Limas第一次参观商城,他就花了7美金,给他刚出生的宝贝买走满满的一大包玩具。A. solution解决方法;B. donation捐赠;C. effort努力;D. visit拜访,参观。从下文“Limas ___ ___ about $7 and came away with a bag full of toys for his newborn baby.”可知,他花钱买了玩具,所以他是第一次来参观商城。故选D项。
13.B 考查动词词义辨析。句意:在Cato Limas第一次参观商城,他就花了7美金,给他刚出生的宝贝买走满满的一大包玩具。A. cost花费;B. spent花费;C. rented租用;D. took花费。从文中“During his first ___ ___ to the mall. Limas ___ ___ about $7 and came away with a bag full of toys for his newborn baby.”可知在商城里肯定是花钱买玩具。所以C项排除,其余三项都是花费,但是用法不用,cost作花费时,主语是it,故A项排除,took作花费只能花费时间,不可以花钱,D项排除,故选B项。
14.D 考查动词短语辨析。句意:几乎每一个类目下的在售商品都是公众捐赠的,它们都被放置在商城的储藏室里。A. called for号召;B. paid off付清;C. sent for派人;D. dropped off放置,卸下。从文中“Nearly every item on sale is from public donations, which are___ ___at the mall's drive-through depot.”可知,大众捐来的物品是被放置到商城的储藏室里的。故选D项。
15.A 考查动词词义辨析。句意:这些跟ReTuna签订合同的商店必须要承诺做到零浪费。A. commit承诺;B. refer指;C. object拒绝;D. admit承认。从文中“Nearly every item on sale is from public donations, which are___ ___at the mall's drive-through depot.”和“This is the first mall in the world to focus on
___ ___ shopping.”可知,这些二手商品是大众捐的,而且ReTuna目的就是可持续购买,即环保,所以入驻商店必须承诺做到零浪费。故选A项。
16.D 考查名词词义辨析。句意:ReTuna有50多名员工在那里工作,并且ReTuna在为本地区移民提供就业机会起到了重要作用。A. demand需求;B. conflicts矛盾;C. conditions条件;D. employment就业。从文中“More than 50 people work at the complex”可知ReTuna为本地区人们提供了工作,也就是在提供本地区移民的就业中起到重要作用,故选D项。
17.A 考查动词词义辨析。句意:ReTuna也提供了以关注再利用的成人教育课程。A. offers提供;B. evaluates评估;C. records记录;D. changes改变。从文中“it has played a role in creating ___ ___ for immigrants in the area.”可知,ReTuna提供了从事二手商品的工作,就会有从事这样工作的人需要学习相关知识,也就说明是ReTuna提供了可以让人们学习再利用的成人教育课程。故选A项。
18.C 考查名词词义辨析。句意:当提到可持续性,瑞典在这方面已经是一个为时甚久的领导者了。A. owner拥有者;B. trainer培训者;C. 1eader领导者;D. saver拯救者。从下文中“More than 99 percent of the country's ordinary household ___ ___ is reused, and separating rubbish for recycling has been a(n) ______ practice for Swedes since the 1980s.”可知,从20世纪80年代开始,瑞典国家就开始为了回收再利用而进行垃圾分类,说明可持续环保对于瑞典来说,它已经处在一个领导者的地位了。故选C项。
19.B 考查名词词义辨析。句意:一个国家的家庭垃圾有超过99%的是可再利用的,并且从20世纪80年代开始垃圾分类再利用在瑞典已经很普遍了。A. plan计划;B. waste废品,垃圾;C. income收入;D. business买卖,生意。从文中“separating rubbish for recycling has been a(n) ___ ___ practice for Swedes since the 1980s.”可知为了回收再利用,垃圾可分类处理,那么对于一个家庭而言,家庭产生的废品即垃圾也是可以回收再利用的,故选B项。
20.D 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:一个国家普通的家庭有超过99%的垃圾是可再利用的,并且从20世纪80年代开始垃圾分类再利用在瑞典已经是一种普遍了的现象了。A. ancient古老的;B. temporary暂时的;C. international国际的;D. common普遍的。从文中“Sweden has been a longtime ___ ___ when it comes to sustainability.”可知当提到可持续性,瑞典在这方面已经是一个为时甚久的领导者了,那也就说明从很久之前瑞典就开始了垃圾分类,而且到20世纪80年代开始,这种行为已经成为一种普遍现象了,故选D项。
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