2022届优质校一模试卷专题汇编11 阅读理解之议论文 解析版


专题 11
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阅读理解之议论文






常考题型

题 型
考查年份
考查话题
议论文
2021年全国甲卷
世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式
2021新高考1卷 D篇
论述了什么是情商，以及情商普及的优势，提出对情商研究的未来展望
2021.3天津卷
论述了要当一个多面手，而不是当某方面的专家
2020·天津卷
论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足
……
……

方法点拨

1. 议论文特点分析
议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供充分的证据，使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。议论文的写法通常有以下三种形式：
写法一：正方（甲方），反方（乙方），我认为……
写法二：提出问题，分析问题，解决问题。
写法三：论点，理由（证据），重申论点。

2. 解题方法
把握文章的论点、论据和论证。此外，还要把握文章的结构和语言。
互推法：在议论之后，总会再列举一些具体的例子来支持观点或在一些例子之后，总要抒发一些议论。考生在理解议论时，可以借助文中所给的实例，从而在形象的例子中推理出抽象的议论；或从议论中推理理解具体例子的深刻含义，相互推断。
推理法：推理的结论一定是原文有这层意思，但没有明确表达的。推理要根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇、段落和句子之间的逻辑关系，各个信息所暗示和隐含的意义，作者的隐含意等对文章进行推理判断。考生要由文字的表层信息挖掘出文章的深层含义，要能透过现象看本质。

2021新高考1卷 D篇
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional（情感的）intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis（重视）on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives（视角）from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
1. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test.
B. It helps to exercise a person's mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills.
D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
2. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. To explain a rule.
B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact.
D. To make a prediction.
3. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
4. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?
A. Its appeal to the public.
B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application.
D. Scientists with new perspectives.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. B
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了什么是情商，以及情商普及的优势，同时作者提出了对情商研究是未来期望。
1. 细节理解题。根据题干信息misunderstanding定位到第一段：“Many people now misunderstand… as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup…”分析可知，大多数人认为情商就是构成人性格中几乎所有可取的部分，而后跟的句子such as character, motivation, confidence…则是作者在列举一些情商中具体的优良品质。选项D：它指的是一个人的优良品质，是该句的同义替换。故选D。
2. 推理判断题。根据题干信息的paragraph 2，定位到第二段“We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as…”；分析可知，我们更喜欢把情商称作是一套特定的技能，它既可以用于好的目的，也可以用于坏的目的。而后作者便分别列举了doctor和cheater用于解释说明“好目的”和“坏目的”。由此我们可以推测，作者提及doctor和cheater是为了阐明前句所提到的关于情商的概念。故选B。
3. 推理判断题。根据题干信息“popularization of emotional intelligence”定位到第三段：“Although popular beliefs regarding… the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.”分析可知，虽然大众对于情商的普遍认知远远超过了目前研究可以支持的观点，但是宣传的总体效果（对于情商的发展研究） 是利大于弊的。而后作者便进一步列举了好处体现在哪些方面（the most positive aspect of this popularization…）。可知，作者对此态度是正向的、支持的。故选A。
4. 主旨大意题。根据题干信息last paragraph定位到最后一段“It is our hope that… advances in science will offer new perspectives from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence… may serve to point us in the right direction.”分析可知，我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供一个新的视角。而情商也许会给我们指明一个正确的方向。因此可以得知，最后一段作者是在提出对于未来研究的期待和方向。B项中的Expectations for future studies.符合题意。故选B。

2020·新课标II卷D篇
I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.
My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old. It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.
As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source (来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
I always read, using different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it! It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books.
Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.
As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy (盗版行为) and 1 think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.
5. Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child?
A. Cooperative. B. Uneasy. C. Inseparable. D. Casual.
6. What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Pleasure from working in the library.
B. Joy of reading passed on in the family.
C. Wonderment from acting out the stories.
D. A closer bond developed with the readers.
7. What does the author call on other writers to do?
A. Sponsor book fairs. B. Write for social media.
C. Support libraries. D. Purchase her novels.
8. Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Reading: A Source of Knowledge
B. My Idea about writing
C. Library: A Haven for the Young
D. My Love of the Library
【答案】5. C 6. B 7. C 8. D
【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。
5. 推理判断题。根据第一段的“I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties. I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.(我一直是一个热情的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本书。故事对我来说就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险)”可推断，作者小时候与书是密不可分的。故选C。
6. 词句猜测题。根据上文“As I grew older and became a mother”可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文“I had several children and books were our main source (来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them(我有几个孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)”可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传。故选B。
7. 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can. (我认为所有的作家都应该在他们可以的时候以有意义的方式支持图书馆。鼓励读者使用图书馆。在社交媒体上分享图书馆公告。可以的时候常去图书馆，谈论图书馆)”可知，作者呼吁其他的作家们支持图书馆。故选C。
8. 主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者，孩提时喜欢阅读，工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。因此推断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述。故D项“我对图书馆的爱”为最佳标题。故选D。

试题汇编

辽宁省鞍山市第一中学2021届高三一模
The article What China Gets Right about Relationships by Sam Massie reminds me of the Quora question about the opinion on Chinese people. Obviously, answers from different people won’t be the same. To me, those different people fall into two groups: those with a vague picture of China, and those understanding Chinese culture very well.
It’s quite easy for the first category to reach some conclusions with prejudice:
“When was child, was taught to be watchful around Chinese people-they were the type that smiled when offended because they’ll stab you in the back in revenge (报复). They valued money over human life, and that was motive (动机) for all their activities.” -Quora User.
That provides us, if I can say so, a racist’s stereotype of Chinese people. It is sad to know many people do have an unclear idea about China-a long history, a large population, the Great Wall, Panda Express, festivals, tea, kongfu movies, cheap and bad clothes, the manufacturing power, a very large internal market, and hardworking (yes, especially high school students). All these are rather too simple and general.
By contrast, to those we call a China-hand, it is quite obvious that the word “Chinese” bears much more. In today’s ever globalized world, more and more foreign friends are increasingly attracted to Chinese culture. They learn Chinese, make Chinese friends, watch Chinese movies, and pay visits or even move to China. Understanding the differences between the east and the west, they could see through the appearance.
In many cases, the first impression of some Westerners about China is no more than rudeness but it is actually not that simple. What should be paid attention to are the in-group/out-group effects. Sam Massie is wise in saying that “rudeness to strangers is the flip side (相反面) of deep bonds with loved ones. I am overjoyed that he understands the generosity, sincerity and other good qualities of Chinese people. To me, no matter what the Westerners’ opinions are, what really matters is how we behave and the way we treat others. What’s your opinion?
1. According to the writer, the first group ________.
A. judge Chinese people one-sidedly
B. see well into Chinese culture
C. turn out to be ill-educated at school
D. draw reasonable conclusions about China
2. A China-hand will most probably agree that ________.
A. Chinese people can do anything to fight back against those who offend them
B. China is very attractive in culture with its generous and sincere people
C. China has a long history and the most hardworking students in the world
D. China is profit-driven and as a result, people are cold to strangers
3. The underlined word stereotype in the fourth paragraph probably means ________.
A. changing and reasonable idea B. a fixed and often right idea
C. a fixed and often false idea D. a changing and unfair idea
4. The writer’s attitude to Sam Massie’s book is ________.
A. approving B. objective C. critical D. indifferent

2021届广东省广州市高三一模英语测试题
Around 200 B. C, Aristophanes, an ancient Greek librarian, developed a system of marks to break up text to make it easier to read. Before this, words were often written in one long sentence without spaces between the words. Today in many languages—including English-there is a set of rules on how to use full stops, commas and other text marks. However, some believe this is changing. Dr Robert Frost, who studies language, says people no longer use full stops and other punctuation symbols because they feel their messages are clear enough without them. So, is punctuation helpful or just troublesome?
Yes—punctuation is important
Punctuation is needed in order to make the meaning of written words clear. If a parent messaged to say, “It's time to eat, children,” this is different from “It's time to eat children”. The second sentence would probably make you want to run in the opposite direction because it sounds as though children were on the menu. The author Jonathan Pierce argues that punctuation can be used to add drama, to break up the sequence of words and change the rhythm of a sentence. “It allows writers to make sentences more interesting so the readers do not get bored,” Pierce claims. “Otherwise, the words run into each other and lose their impact.” Besides, learning the different ways punctuation marks can be used is fun. It can add a lot to the style of writing and make it clearer.
No—we don't need it
Punctuation. Even, if a sentence is badly punctuated, like this one: It can still be, understood. This short piece of text shows that it is the words that are the important part of the sentence, not the symbols between them. Oxford-based linguist Kelly Jones says, “It is the order in which the words appear that conveys the meaning, not the punctuation marks. If there is any doubt in the meaning of the sentence, people are clever enough to work out what the person is really trying to say. For instance, when people speak, they do not use punctuation and yet we can still understand each other.” Also, punctuation can be confusing—there are lots of complex rules to observe, and if it is used incorrectly it can cause more problems than if there were none, punctuation simply isn't needed.
5. What is the purpose of this passage?
A. To discuss alternative viewpoints. B. To support one argument over another.
C. To evaluate the strength of competing ideas. D. To outline historical development of language.
6. Who believes punctuation is necessary?
A. Robert Frost and Kelly Jones. B. Aristophanes and Robert Frost.
C. Jonathan Pierce and Kelly Jones. D. Aristophanes and Jonathan Pierce.
7. In paragraph 3, the underlined part is used as ________
A. a definition. B. a fact. C. an example. D. an error.
8. Which of the following can be a strong argument against Kelly Jones's opinion?
A. Punctuation adds to the effect and richness of a language.
B. Without punctuation, people would be breathless when speaking.
C. Pauses and tones in speech serve similar functions to punctuation.
D. The choice and order of words are important to conveying meaning.

2021届广东省江门市高三一模英语测试题
I am a putterer—a person spending a lot of time doing things people usually consider unimportant in a relaxed way. However, I don’t think puttering is wasting my time. It is a satisfying way of dealing with one’s domestic environment in a way one cannot do with the world at large.
As a father, I’ve had a difficult time communicating this to my college-age son. Tom recently bought a used car. I was proud of him for negotiating a good deal. When I looked it over, I noticed a tiny spot of rust (锈). Like a superhero out to save the day, I rushed toward the imperfection with a piece of sandpaper and a small bottle of clear nail polish from my puttering resources. Tom watched as I sanded the spot and then coated it with the nail polish. He rolled his eyes. “You’ll understand someday,” I told him.
As a rule, I do not usually conduct such public performances. Puttering is, in brief, a solitary(独自进行的) act, and putterers are modest people. They observe small things that most folks simply tolerate ---- a picture hung not in a straight position, a door not shutting well, a shaky table leg It doesn't take much effort or time to right such deficiencies. But once again, there is something in the sensibility of the putterer that makes correcting them deeply rewarding.
All of this risks giving an impression of endless’ and perhaps mindless activity. But nothing could be further from the truth. The beauty of puttering is that it is a symbol of having control over one’s time, responding to the needs of one’s home as one sees fit: If I don’t fix the shaky kitchen table today, I can do it tomorrow, or the next day, or not at all. Puttering, you might say, has set me free.
9. Which of the following best describes Tom’s attitude toward his father’s puttering?
A. Disapproval. B. Admiration.
C. Gratitude. D. Embarrassment.
10. What do we know about the author?
A. He is extremely strict with his son. B. He shows interest in collecting old things.
C. He has an observing eye for small things. D. He often overlooks others’ imperfections.
11. Which of the following word is closest in meaning to the underlined word “deficiencies” in paragraph 3?
A. Consequences. B. Obstacles.
C. Inconveniences. D. Drawbacks.
12. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. The Benefits of Puttering B. My Enjoyment of Puttering
C. Puttering，Wasting Time D. Puttering, My Daily Life

2020届山东省临沂市高三一模
We spend a third of our adult lives working and another big part preparing for our careers. Historically, work was rarely seen as a source of meaning and purpose. During the vast majority of our 300, 000-year human evolution(进化), work was in fact pretty simple. We worked to eat and avoid being eaten. Meaning and purpose came from somewhere else, like spirituality, art, religion, or science.
The idea that we are meant to find meaning at work or to find work meaningful-is a rather modern, if not postmodern, invention. Only one hundred years ago it would have been frequent to see a worker who returned from a typical workday at a factory complain to their folks that they didn’t earn much or they were worn out and rare to see that they complain they didn’t experience a sense of purpose.
Similarly, the idea that we ought to bring our “whole self” to work is a pretty novel and recent form of career advice. Its origins can be traced to William Kahn who invented the concept of employee engagement 30 years ago. His point was that employees differ in the degree to which they identify with their work role. Some see work as merely a job and clock in and out every day, without bringing their whole self to work. Work is just not a core aspect of their identity, and their concept of themselves is built on other social categories like mother, husband, American, Christian, captain of the local soccer team, etc.
Others, however, have very low psychological distance with their work role, seeing it as essentially intertwined (交融的) with who they are. They don’t just come to work, they are fully devoted to their careers and have a spiritual type of connection with their jobs. They are, it seems, almost possessed by work and are the type of workaholics (工作狂) most companies long for.
13. Why did we spend much of our adult lives working?
A. To prepare for future careers. B. To find the water sources.
C. To help us evolve. D. To make us survive.
14. Why did the writer mention the worker a century, ago?
A. To help us find meaning at work. B. To prove that the idea was modern.
C. To show us the bad old days. D. To complain about the experience.
15. Which of the following might William Kahn agree with?
A. Employees have different understandings about their work role.
B. Every employee must bring their whole self to work.
C. To be devoted to work is a pretty novel idea.
D. Workers’ core identity is built on art categories.
16 What kind of employees do most companies favour?
A. Those who see work as a job.
B. Those who identify with their work role.
C. Those who are fully devoted to their work.
D. Those who possess experience.

湖北省鄂州市颚南高中2019-2020学年高三10月联考
Janus, the Roman god, has two faces looking in opposite directions. So does artificial intelligence (AI). On one side are the positive changes, enabling people to achieve more, far more quickly, by using technology to improve their existing skills. Look the other way, though, and there are plenty of potential pitfalls.
Like Janus, technological change may also cause disruption(混乱), but AI is likely to have a bigger impact than anything since the appearance of computers, and its consequences could be far more disruptive.
In the years ahead, AI will raise three big questions for bosses and governments. One is the effect on jobs. Although CEOs publicly praise the broad benefits AI will bring, their main interest lies in cutting costs. One European bank asked Infosys to find a way of reducing the staff in its operations department from 50,000 to 500. The McKinsey Global Institute estimates that by 2030 up to 375m people, or 14% of the global workforce, could have their jobs replaced by AI.
A second important question is how to protect privacy as AI spreads. The internet has already made it possible to track people’s digital behavior in minute detail. AI will offer even better tools for businesses to monitor consumers and employees, both online and in the physical world. Consumers are sometimes happy to go along with this if it results in personalised service or promotions. But AI is bound to bring invasion of privacy that is seen as unacceptable. For example, law-enforcement officials around the world will use AI to spot criminals, but may also monitor ordinary citizens.
The third question is about the effect of AI on competition in business. A technology company that achieves a major breakthrough in artificial intelligence could race ahead of rivals, put others out of business and lessen competition. This is unlikely to happen in the near future, but if it did it would be of great concern.
It is too early to tell whether the positive changes brought by AI will outweigh the risk. But it will put an end to traditional ways of doing things and start a new era for business and for the world at large.
17. Janus is mentioned to .
A. introduce the topic B. praise the Roman god
C. tell its difference D. support AI
18. The underlined word “pitfalls” in paragraph 1 is probably means .
A. consequences B. risks C. effects D. benefits
19. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. AI is a double-edged sword.
B. People show great concern about AI.
C. privacy is threatened by AI.
D. AI will enjoy a bright future.
20. What’s the author’s attitude towards AI?
A. Objective. B. Positive. C. Worried. D. Subjective.

参考答案

辽宁省鞍山市第一中学2021届高三一模
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. A
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了萨姆·马西书中关于一些西方人对中国人存在刻板印象，作者赞成萨姆·马西的观点，认为中国人是慷慨的、真诚的。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“It’s quite easy for the first category to reach some conclusions with prejudice (第一类人很容易得出带有偏见的结论)”可知，第一类人看待中国人有偏见，因此，根据本文，第一类人是A项“judge Chinese people one-sidedly(片面地评价中国人)”符合题意。故选A项。
2. 推理判断题。根据第一中的“and those understanding Chinese culture very well(另一类是非常了解中国文化的人)”以及最后一段“I am overjoyed that he understands the generosity, sincerity and other good qualities of Chinese people (我很高兴他了解中国人的慷慨、真诚和其他优良品质)”可知，萨姆·马西非常了解中古文化，并且喜欢中国人的慷慨和真诚。因此，一个“中国通”最可能赞成的是B.项“China is very attractive in culture with its generous and sincere people(中国文化很有吸引力，中国人也很慷慨和真诚)”符合题意。故选B项。
3. 词义猜测题。根据第四段“It is sad to know many people do have an unclear idea about China-a long history, a large population, the Great Wall, Panda Express, festivals, tea, kongfu movies, cheap and bad clothes, the manufacturing power, a very large internal market, and hardworking(遗憾的是，许多人对中国有着不清楚的认识——历史悠久，人口众多，长城，熊猫快餐，节日，茶，功夫片，廉价和劣质的衣服，制造业的力量，非常大的内部市场，以及勤奋)”可知，很多人对中国的认识是不清楚的，凭想当然的一种刻板印象。因此，划线词所在句子的意思为“如果我可以这么说的话，这给我们提供了一个种族主义者对中国人的刻板印象”，划线词stereotype的意思为C项“a fixed and often false idea(一种固定的、通常是错误的看法)”符合题意。故选C项。
4. 推理判断题。根据第三段“That provides us, if I can say so, a racist’s stereotype of Chinese people(如果我可以这么说的话，这给我们提供了一个种族主义者对中国人的刻板印象)”以及最后一段“In many cases, the first impression of some Westerners about China is no more than rudeness but it is actually not that simple… I am overjoyed that he understands the generosity, sincerity and other good qualities of Chinese people. To me, no matter what the Westerners’ opinions are, what really matters is how we behave and the way we treat others. (在许多情况下，一些西方人对中国的第一印象不过是粗鲁无礼，但实际上并不是那么简单……我很高兴他了解中国人的慷慨、真诚和其他优良品质。对我来说，不管西方人的意见是什么，真正重要的是我们的行为举止和对待他人的方式。)”可知，作者认为，很多人对中国人的了解是片面的，他们对中国人存在刻板印象，是实际上并不能这么简单的看，作者和萨姆·马西的都认为中国人是慷慨、真诚的。因此，作者对萨姆·马西的书的态度是A项“approving(赞成)”符合题意。故选A项。

2021届广东省广州市高三一模英语测试题
【答案】5. A 6. D 7. C 8. C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了标点符号的发明历史以及从支持和反对两个方面论述了人们对于需不需要使用标点符号的看法。
5. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“So, is punctuation helpful or just troublesome? (那么，标点符号是有用的还是麻烦的呢？)”结合文章从支持和反对两个方面论述了人们对于需不需要使用标点符号的看法，可推知，这篇文章的目的是讨论不同的观点。故选A。
6. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Around 200 B. C, Aristophanes, an ancient Greek librarian, developed a system of marks to break up text to make it easier to read. (大约在公元前200年，古希腊图书管理员Aristophanes发明了一种标记系统，将文本分解，使其更易于阅读)”以及第二段中“The author Jonathan Pierce argues that punctuation can be used to add drama, to break up the sequence of words and change the rhythm of a sentence. “It allows writers to make sentences more interesting so the readers do not get bored,” Pierce claims. “Otherwise, the words run into each other and lose their impact.”(作者Jonathan Pierce认为，标点可以用来增加戏剧效果，打破词语的顺序，改变句子的节奏。Pierce称：“这能让作者把句子写得更有趣，这样读者就不会感到无聊。“否则，这些词互相碰撞就会失去它们的影响力。”)”可知，Aristophanes和Jonathan Pierce认为标点是必要的。故选D。
7. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Punctuation. Even if a sentence is badly punctuated, like this one: It can still be, understood. This short piece of text shows that it is the words that are the important part of the sentence, not the symbols between them. (标点符号。即使一个句子标点符号用得不好，就像下面这句话：它仍然可以，被理解。这段简短的文字表明，单词才是句子的重要组成部分，而不是它们之间的符号)”可推知，在第三段中，下划线部分是一个例子。故选C。
8. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Oxford-based linguist Kelly Jones says, “It is the order in which the words appear that conveys the meaning, not the punctuation marks. If there is any doubt in the meaning of the sentence, people are clever enough to work out what the person is really trying to say. For instance, when people speak, they do not use punctuation and yet we can still understand each other.”(牛津大学的语言学家Kelly Jones说：“单词出现的顺序，而不是标点符号，就能传达意思。如果对这句话的意思有任何疑问，人们能聪明得理解这个人真正想说什么。例如，当人们说话时，他们不使用标点符号，但我们仍然可以理解对方。”)”可推知，Kelly Jones认为标点符号没有必要，因为人们说话不使用标点符合也可以传达意思，结合选项可知C选项“说话中的停顿和声调与标点的作用相似”的观点可以有力地反驳Kelly Jones的观点。故选C。

2021届广东省江门市高三一模英语测试题
【答案】9. A 10. C 11. D 12. B
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。短文主要叙述了作者是一个悠闲地做琐碎事的人，作者很享受自己的状态。
9. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段末尾内容“Tom watched as I sanded the spot and then coated it with the nail polish. He rolled his eyes.”可知汤姆看着父亲用砂纸打磨那块地方，然后在上面涂上指甲油，他翻了个白眼。因此可以推知，Tom对于作者磨蹭行为的不屑，不赞成的，选项A. Disapproval.(反对)说明了Tom的态度。故选A项。
10. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容“They observe small things that most folks simply tolerate ---- a picture hung not in a straight position, a door not shutting well, a shaky table leg”可知作者 需要观察那些大多数人都能容忍的小事——一幅画挂得不正，一扇门关不上，一条桌子腿在颤抖，因此判断出，他是一个善于观察小事的人，有敏锐的观察力。故选C项。
11. 词义猜测题。根据划线单词之前的such可知，“such deficiencies”应是指代前文提及的“a picture hung not in a straight position, a door not shutting well, a shaky table leg(一幅画挂得不正，一扇门关不上，一条桌子腿在颤抖)”，因此，可以推知deficiencies应是“缺陷；缺点”含义，与选项D. Drawbacks(缺点)含义相同。故选D项。
12. 主旨大意题。文章结构为总分总结构，末段再次呼应文章主旨：The beauty of puttering is that it is a symbol of having control over one’s time, responding to the needs of one’s home as one sees fit: If I don’t fix the shaky kitchen table today, I can do it tomorrow, or the next day, or not at all. Puttering, you might say, has set me free. (“磨蹭”的美妙之处在于，它象征着你可以控制自己的时间，以自己认为合适的方式回应家里的需要：如果我今天不修理摇摇晃晃的厨房桌子，我明天就可以做，或者第二天，或者根本就不做。你可能会说，磨蹭让我获得了自由。)可知，本文的主要内容讲述了作者对于自己的悠闲地做琐碎事的人的理解和感悟。选项B.“享受悠闲地做琐碎事”贴合主题，为最佳标题。故选B项。

2020届山东省临沂市高三一模
【答案】13. D 14. B 15. A 16. C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。成年后，我们有三分之一的时间在工作，还有很大一部分时间在为职业生涯做准备。工作是为了生存，而把“完整的自己”带到工作中去，这也是一种相当新颖的职业建议。文章还说明了不同的人对工作的看法。
13. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“We worked to eat and avoid being eaten.”可知我们工作是为了吃饭，避免被吃掉。由此可知，我们成年后大部分时间都在工作，是为了生存。故选D。
14. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“The idea that we are meant to find meaning at work or to find work meaningful-is a rather modern, if not postmodern, invention.”可知我们注定要在工作中找到意义或找到有意义的工作，这种想法即使不是后现代的，也是相当现代的发明。接着后文作者提到了这个一个世纪前的工人，由此可推知，作者提到这个一个世纪前的工人，是为了证明这个想法是现代的。故选B。
15. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“His point was that employees differ in the degree to which they identify with their work role.”可知他的观点是，员工对自己工作角色的认同程度各不相同。由此可知，A选项“员工对自己的工作角色有不同的理解”属于William Kahn的观点。故选A。
16. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“They are, it seems, almost possessed by work and are the type of workaholics most companies long for.”可知他们似乎几乎被工作迷住了，是大多数公司渴望的工作狂类型。由此可知，大多数公司喜欢全身心投入工作的员工。故选C。

湖北省鄂州市颚南高中2019-2020学年高三10月联考
【答案】17. A 18. B 19. A 20. A
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了人工智能是一把双刃剑。人工智能带来的积极变化是否会超过风险，现在下结论还为时过早。但它将终结传统的做事方式，开启一个商业和整个世界的新时代。
17. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Janus, the Roman god, has two faces looking in opposite directions. So does artificial intelligence (AI). On one side are the positive changes, enabling people to achieve more, far more quickly, by using technology to improve their existing skills. Look the other way, though, and there are plenty of potential pitfalls.（杰纳斯，罗马的神，有两张脸朝相反的方向。人工智能也是如此。一方面是积极的变化，使人们能够通过使用技术来提高他们现有的技能，从而更快地实现更多的目标。尽管如此，看看其他方式，有很多潜在的陷阱。）”由此推断出，文中提到“杰纳斯”是为了引出“人工智能”具有两面性这个话题，故选A。
18. 词义猜测题。上文提到了积极的变化，最后一段“It is too early to tell whether the positive changes brought by AI will outweigh the risk.（人工智能带来的积极变化是否会超过风险，现在下结论还为时过早。）”由此可知下文“Look the other way, though, and there are plenty of potential pitfalls.”的意思是尽管如此，看看其他方式，有很多潜在的风险。“pitfalls”的意思是风险。A. consequences结果；B. risks风险；C. effects影响；D. benefits利益，故选B。
19. 主旨大意题。第一段“Janus, the Roman god, has two faces looking in opposite directions. So does artificial intelligence (AI).（杰纳斯，罗马的神，有两张脸朝相反的方向。人工智能(AI)也是如此。）”是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了人工智能是一把双刃剑。故选A。
20. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“It is too early to tell whether the positive changes brought by AI will outweigh the risk. But it will put an end to traditional ways of doing things and start a new era for business and for the world at large.（人工智能带来的积极变化是否会超过风险，现在下结论还为时过早。但它将终结传统的做事方式，开启一个商业和整个世界的新时代。）”由此推断出，作者对人工智能的态度是客观的，故选A。
通过对关键词，关键短语或者是关键的句子的把握是解决推理判断题的重要解题方法之一，它们往往隐藏着深层的意思。小题4根据最后一段“It is too early to tell whether the positive changes brought by AI will outweigh the risk. But it will put an end to traditional ways of doing things and start a new era for business and for the world at large.（人工智能带来的积极变化是否会超过风险，现在下结论还为时过早。但它将终结传统的做事方式，开启一个商业和整个世界的新时代。）”由此推断出，作者对人工智能的态度是客观的，故选A。