2022届山东省菏泽市高三上学期期末考试英语试题含解析

这是一份2022届山东省菏泽市高三上学期期末考试英语试题含解析，共18页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分37等内容，欢迎下载使用。

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Rbtic scientists say that ne-year-ld human babies have better mvement skills than rbts d. Let's take a lk at sme tasks that are easy fr yu but tugh fr rbts.
Pick things up
Picking things up is nt easy. If we drp ur pencil n the flr, ur brains wrk hard. First, we must find the pencil and lk at its distance. Then we mve ur hands t it. A rbt cannt always mve its "hand" t the right place. Calculating the distance is nt easy. Then, when we tuch the pencil, it might rll a little bit. Rbts cannt easily understand this either. S, if yu drp a pencil n the flr, a rbt will prbably rll it arund the rm.
Get arund spaces
If smene drps yu in a building yu've never been t, yu might feel a bit lst. But yu can lk arund, find a dr and get ut quickly. Yu will nt get stuck in a crner. But a rbt will lk everywhere fr a dr, even n ceilings and flrs. This is because it's hard fr them t understand spaces.
Understand the wrld made by peple
"Cmmn sense" is what we dn't need t think r talk abut. Because f cmmn sense, we pick up a cffee cup by its handle. We feel whether it has cffee inside, and whether it is ht.
But rbts may turn the cup upside dwn r hld the ht part f the cup, damaging itself. Scientists have tried teaching rbts cmmn-sense rules. But even huge databases dn't help much. There are just t many rules—and t many exceptins. Maybe they just need mre time t learn.
1. Why is it difficult fr a rbt t pick things up?
A. It cannt lcate where the thing is.B. Its hands cannt mve far enugh
C. It likes t rll things arund the rmD. It has difficulty wrking ut the exact distance.
2. What d rbts tend t d when they are trapped in a crner?
A. Ask fr help.B. G t a dr and get ut.C. Lk fr drs aimlessly.D. Wait fr thers t help.
3. What is the authr's purpse in writing the article?
A. T shw rbts have their wn limitatins.B. T describe hw rbts help imprve ur lives.
C. T explain the imprtance f the database t rbtsD. T intrduce in what areas rbts will be applied.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些对我们人类来说容易但对机器人来说很难的任务，从而表明了机器人有自己的局限性。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Pick things up部分中的“A rbt cannt always mve its "hand" t the right place. Calculating the distance is nt easy.”(机器人不能总是把“手”移动到正确的位置，计算距离并不容易。)可知，机器人拾起东西很难，是因为它们很难算出准确的距离，故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Get arund spaces部分中的“But a rbt will lk everywhere fr a dr, even n ceilings and flrs. This is because it's hard fr them t understand spaces.”(但是机器人会到处找门，甚至在天花板和地板上找。这是因为它们很难理解空间。)可知，当机器人被困在角落时，它们会漫无目的地找门。故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Let's take a lk at sme tasks that are easy fr yu but tugh fr rbts.”(让我们来看看一些对你来说容易但对机器人来说很难的任务。)可知，文章主要介绍了一些对人类来说容易但对机器人来说很难的任务，由此可以推断出，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了表明机器人有自己的局限性，故选A。
B
K2 is nicknamed "savage muntain". Yu hear tragic stries: Fr every fur peple wh reach the summit, ne dies. I was t afraid t even think abut skiing dwn it. Even the best ski muntaineers thught it impssible.
But that changed after a training expeditin t Brad Peak. I gt a clear lk at K2's massive face, and it inspired me. Over time, my skills imprved and, by 2017, I didn't feel the fear anymre. I began preparatins. T be the first t d it just adds t the challenge. Fear is an imprtant element f life, but t ski dwn K2, I had t stp being afraid.
At the base camp, I felt calm and prepared. There were n emtins r dubts — I just knew I culd d it. But there were challenges. In ttal, it tk abut three days t reach the summit. Fr many climbers, getting t the peak f K2 wuld be the defining mment f their lives. Fr me, it was where the real challenge began.
The mst dangerus part was the Messner Traverse. It's pure ice, up t a 75-degree angle in places, with drps n either side. Yu need t keep yur turns and mvements smth and cnfident. N ne had attempted it befre, s it was a relief t crss it.
In ttal, ging dwn the muntain tk abut seven hurs. When I eventually skied int camp, I simply lay in the snw, emtinally and physically exhausted. I'm s prud f what I achieved. N ne thught it culd be dne. It taught me the value f patience and that nbdy else can make yur dreams cme true.
4. What is the purpse f paragraph 1?
A. T intrduce the rigin f K2's nickname.B. T shw that K2 is very hard t be cnquered.
C. T explain why the authr wanted t ski dwn K2.D. T describe the authr's first impressin f K2.
5. What was the mst imprtant factr in challenging K2 accrding t the authr?
A. Advanced equipment.B. Skilled safety guards.
C. An verall knwledge f K2.D. A psitive attitude withut fear.
6. Which wrd best describes the authr?
A. Curageus.B. Creative.C. Cautius.D. Curius.
7. What did the authr learn frm his experience?
A. One shuld always dream big.B. Supprt is needed t realize dreams.
C. It takes patience and effrt t succeed.D. We shuld always have self-cnfidence.
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者攀登乔戈里峰的经过和登上山峰后的感受。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“K2 is nicknamed "savage muntain". Yu hear tragic stries: Fr every fur peple wh reach the summit, ne dies. I was t afraid t even think abut skiing dwn it. Even the best ski muntaineers thught it impssible.(乔戈里峰被称为“野蛮之山”。你会听到悲惨的故事：每四个人登上顶峰，就有一个人死亡。我害怕得连在那里滑雪的念头都不敢想。即使是最好的滑雪登山运动员也认为这是不可能的)”可推知，第一段的目的是表明乔戈里峰很难被征服。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Fear is an imprtant element f life, but t ski dwn K2, I had t stp being afraid.( 恐惧是生活中很重要的元素，但要滑下乔戈里峰，我必须停止恐惧)”可知，在挑战乔戈里峰的过程中，最重要的因素是没有恐惧的积极态度。故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Over time, my skills imprved and, by 2017, I didn't feel the fear anymre. I began preparatins. T be the first t d it just adds t the challenge. Fear is an imprtant element f life, but t ski dwn K2, I had t stp being afraid.(随着时间的推移，我的技能得到了提高，到2017年，我不再感到恐惧了。我开始准备。成为第一个这样做的人只会增加挑战。恐惧是生活中很重要的元素，但要滑下乔戈里峰，我必须停止恐惧)”可推知，作者很勇敢。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“In ttal, it tk abut three days t reach the summit. Fr many climbers, getting t the peak f K2 wuld be the defining mment f their lives. Fr me, it was where the real challenge began.(总共花了大约三天时间到达顶峰。对许多登山者来说，登上乔戈里峰将是他们一生中决定性的时刻。对我来说，真正的挑战开始于此)”以及最后一段中“It taught me the value f patience and that nbdy else can make yur dreams cme true. (它教会了我耐心的价值，没有人能让你的梦想成真)”可推知，作者从他的经历中学到了成功需要耐心和努力。故选C。
C
With lw temperatures and a lack f fd, winter is a bad seasn fr animals. Many animals enter hibernatin t get thrugh it. Hibernatin is when an animal ges int a state f extended inactivity. This cls the creature's bdy and slws its heartbeat t just a few times per minute, fr up t mnths at a time.
But why dn't humans hibernate? Human hibernatin desn't exist fr many reasns. Our bdy is nt designed fr hibernatin. Fr example, waste management is a huge challenge fr human hibernatin. Animals that hibernate are able t essentially preserve nutrients during hibernatin thrugh a prcess f reabsrptin. Unfrtunately, humans can't d this. In additin, cld temperatures can limit the immune system, making peple mre likely t get infectins, accrding t Smithsnian Magazine.
In fact, humans dn't need t sleep thrugh winter. We have discvered fire, clthes, shelter hunting and agriculture, all f which are much mre effective ways f surviving the cld.
Culd humans hibernate in the future? Fr lng-distance space travel, it's likely. A jurney t Mars wuld take arund mnths using current technlgy. If we hpe t visit anther star system, even if we culd travel at the speed f light, the jurney wuld take years. Being able t hibernate wuld make such distances cnsiderably less bring fr the astrnauts and cnserve vital resurces, accrding t University f Oxfrd in the UK.
NASA is treating this questin seriusly. Beginning in 2014, the agency funded research n lng-term hibernatin as a way t facilitate lng-term space travel, accrding t The Atlantic magazine.
8. What are animals like when they enter hibernatin?
A. Their heartbeat slws dwn.B. Their breathing rate disappears.
C. Their rgans functin as nrmal.D. Their bdy temperature increases.
9. Humans can't hibernate partly because________.
A. we can't guarantee necessary nutritin
B. lng-term sleep will damage ur immune system
C. cld temperatures damage ur waste management
D. ur immune system wn't wrk at lw temperatures
10. What d the last tw paragraphs mainly talk abut?
A. Different pinins n humans' hibernatin.B. A new technlgy fr humans t hibernate.
C. New research n hibernatin in space travel.D. The significance f studying human hibernatin.
11. Where is the text prbably taken frm?
A. A text bk.B. A science magazine.C. An art review.D. A bigraphy
【答案】8. A 9. A 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了为什么人类无法像动物一样冬眠的原因以及未来人类是否能够冬眠的问题。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Hibernatin is when an animal ges int a state f extended inactivity. This cls the creature's bdy and slws its heartbeat t just a few times per minute, fr up t mnths at a time.(冬眠是指动物进入一种长期不活动的状态。这可以使它的身体降温，并使心跳减慢到每分钟几次，每次可以持续几个月)”可知，动物进入冬眠时心跳变慢了。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Animals that hibernate are able t essentially preserve nutrients during hibernatin thrugh a prcess f reabsrptin. Unfrtunately, humans can't d this.(冬眠的动物能够在冬眠期间通过一个重新吸收的过程来保存营养物质。不幸的是，人类无法做到这一点)”可知，人类不能冬眠的部分原因是我们不能保证必要的营养。故选A。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“Culd humans hibernate in the future? Fr lng-distance space travel, it's likely. A jurney t Mars wuld take arund mnths using current technlgy. If we hpe t visit anther star system, even if we culd travel at the speed f light, the jurney wuld take years. Being able t hibernate wuld make such distances cnsiderably less bring fr the astrnauts and cnserve vital resurces, accrding t University f Oxfrd in the UK.(未来人类会冬眠吗？对于长途太空旅行来说，这是可能的。使用目前的技术，到火星旅行大约需要几个月的时间。如果我们希望访问另一个恒星系统，即使我们可以以光速旅行，这一旅程也需要数年时间。根据英国牛津大学的说法，能够冬眠将使宇航员在这样的距离中不那么无聊，并保存重要的资源)”以及最后一段“NASA is treating this questin seriusly. Beginning in 2014, the agency funded research n lng-term hibernatin as a way t facilitate lng-term space travel, accrding t The Atlantic magazine.( NASA正在认真对待这个问题。 据《大西洋月刊》报道，从2014年开始，该机构资助了长期冬眠的研究，以促进长期太空旅行)”可知，最后两段主要讲的是研究人类冬眠的意义。故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“But why dn't humans hibernate? Human hibernatin desn't exist fr many reasns. Our bdy is nt designed fr hibernatin.(但是为什么人类不冬眠呢？人类冬眠是不存在的，原因有很多。我们的身体不是为冬眠而设计的)”结合文章主要说明了为什么人类无法像动物一样冬眠的原因以及未来人类是否能够冬眠的问题。可推知，文章可能选自科学杂志。故选B。
D
"I'll be there in a few minutes. I'm playing a game with a friend, a guy named Scuzbll," my 15-year-ld sn shuted frm his rm. "Oh, what is Scuzball's real name?" I asked. "I have n idea," he said. "Where is he frm?" I cntinued. He respnded, "I think smewhere in Canada. Oh, wait, it desn't even matter because Scuzball just left the game and he has been replaced with a rbt."
"Yur friend is replaced by artificial intelligence?" "It desn't matter, Dad. It happens all the time! The game cntinues." My sn desn't mind playing with a persn r a rbt, which is typical f gamers these days. I wnder whether the face-t-face experience f friendship that I grew up with will be lst by ur children.
Aristtle, a great thinker and educatr, has pinted ut that shallw friendship is easily frmed but als easily abandned because such bnds are fragile. Deep friendship, by cntrast, is when yu care fr yur friend fr his sake, nt fr any benefit yu can get. This is selfless friendship. Yu can have nly a cuple f these friends because they require lts f time and effrt. Yu must make sacrifices fr each ther.
Presence in friendship requires "being with" and "ding fr". Perhaps the mst defining feature f deep friendship is "ding fr", as my friend has my back in truble r brings me sup when I'm sick. Only strng bnds have the pwer t mtivate real sacrifices. But it is unclear why nline "friends" wuld bther t d the hard wrk f friendship. When I asked my students whether they had peple in their lives wh wuld bring them sup when they were sick, they laughed at my Stne Age questin and said they'd just rder sup nline.
Digital life fills and absrbs waking life time s that peple d nt jin in example case f friendship, like sprts, cllective arts, free range childhds, etc. In this way, digital lie prduces false friendships.
12. What did the authr start the text with?
A. A mtt.B. A gameC. A questin.D. A cnversatin.
13. What des the authr mainly explain in paragraph 3?
A. Selfish friendship.B. Selfless sacrifices in life
C. The meaning f deep friendship.D. The frmatin f shallw friendship
14. What des the authr want t tell his students in paragraph 4?
A Strng bnds are frmed easilyB. Ordering fd nline is cnvenient
C. Rbts will have ur back in truble.D. Virtual friends wn't make real sacrifices.
15. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Digitalized friendshipB. The benefits f digital life.
C. Face-t-face cmmunicatinD. The sacrifices f nline friends.
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. D 15. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了现在的友谊变得数字化，失去了原来的面对面友谊的意义。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“"I'll be there in a few minutes. I'm playing a game with a friend, a guy named Scuzbll," my 15-year-ld sn shuted frm his rm. "Oh, what is Scuzball's real name?" I asked. "I have n idea," he said. "Where is he frm?" I cntinued. He respnded, "I think smewhere in Canada. Oh, wait, it desn't even matter because Scuzball just left the game and he has been replaced with a rbt."(“我几分钟就到。”我正在和一个叫Scuzbll的朋友玩游戏，”我15岁的儿子从他的房间里喊道。“哦，斯库兹鲍尔的真名是什么？”我问，“我不知道，”他说。“他是哪里人？”我接着说到。他回答说：“我想在加拿大的某个地方。哦，等等，这都不重要了，因为Scuzball刚刚离开比赛，他已经被一个机器人取代了。”)”以及第二段“"Yur friend is replaced by artificial intelligence?" "It desn't matter, Dad. It happens all the time! The game cntinues."(“你的朋友被人工智能取代了?”“没关系，爸爸。这种事经常发生！游戏还在继续。”)”可知，作者通过呈现他和儿子的对话来引出文章的话题。故选D。
【13题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“Aristtle, a great thinker and educatr, has pinted ut that shallw friendship is easily frmed but als easily abandned because such bnds are fragile. Deep friendship, by cntrast, is when yu care fr yur friend fr his sake, nt fr any benefit yu can get. This is selfless friendship. Yu can have nly a cuple f these friends because they require lts f time and effrt. Yu must make sacrifices fr each ther. (伟大的思想家、教育家亚里士多德曾指出，肤浅的友谊很容易形成，也很容易放弃，因为这种联系是脆弱的。相比之下，深厚的友谊是你为了朋友而关心他，而不是为了你能得到的任何好处。这就是无私的友谊。你只能有几个这样的朋友，因为他们需要大量的时间和精力。你们必须为彼此做出牺牲)”可知，第三段主要解释了深厚友谊的含义。故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“Presence in friendship requires "being with" and "ding fr". Perhaps the mst defining feature f deep friendship is "ding fr", as my friend has my back in truble r brings me sup when I'm sick. Only strng bnds have the pwer t mtivate real sacrifices. But it is unclear why nline "friends" wuld bther t d the hard wrk f friendship.(友谊的存在需要“陪伴”和“奉献”。也许深厚友谊最显著的特征是“奉献”，就像我的朋友会在我遇到麻烦时支持我，或者在我生病时给我端汤。只有牢固的关系才能激发真正的牺牲。但目前还不清楚为什么网上的“朋友”会费心去做友谊这一艰苦的工作)”可知，作者主要想告诉他的学生，网上的朋友不会做出真正的牺牲，他们无法在你遇到困难的时候给予你支持和帮助。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文并结合文章最后一段“Digital life fills and absrbs waking life time s that peple d nt jin in example case f friendship, like sprts, cllective arts, free range childhds, etc. In this way, digital lie prduces false friendships. (数字生活填补并吸收了人们清醒时的生活时间，这样人们就不会加入体现友谊的具体事项，比如运动、集体艺术、自由放养的童年等。通过这种方式，数字谎言产生了虚假的友谊)”结合文章主要论述了现在的友谊变得数字化，失去了原来的面对面友谊的意义。可知文章的主旨是数字化友谊。故选A。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Cmfrt fds are typically energy-dense, high-fat, and sweet, such as chclate, ice cream and French fries. They prvide pleasure r temprarily make us feel better. ____16____ .
•Self-medicatin.
There seems t be a cnsistent cnnectin between negative emtins and unhealthy fds, a phenmenn called emtinal eating. In a bad md, peple are drawn t unhealthy fds（sugary and fatty）as a cping apprach. ____17____ Hwever, ne study fund that althugh cmfrt fds prvide sme relief frm negative mds, s d ther fds r even eating n fd at all.
•The need t belng.
We tend t assciate certain fds with members f ur family, scial gatherings and peple taking care f us. S when we feel lnely we desire these fds t give us cmfrt and security. ____18____ . Fr example, fr a cllege student away frm hme fr the first time, cmfrt fds may serve as a reminder f family r friends in times f stress r islatin. Evidence shwed that peple with psitive family relatinships were mre likely than thers t reach fr cmfrting fds n the days when they felt lnely.
•Special ccasin.
____19____ . The excuse reflects a dilemma. Frm a shrt-term perspective, the indulgence（纵情享受）is the best chice, but frm a lng-term perspective, healthy eating is the best chice. The ideal slutin is t smehw d bth. ____20____ . If the situatin can be framed as the "last time", then the dilemma disappears, since the persn can say t himself that a new and better life will begin tmrrw.
A. This is impssible, except in ne situatin
B. This is because we feel cmfrted when we are full
C. Hwever, as it is ideal, it's impssible fr mst peple
D. Here are sme factrs that can cntribute t cmfrt eating
E. In cntrast, peple in a psitive md tend t chse healthy fds
F. We tend t g fr special, ften unhealthy, fds n celebratry ccasins
G. That is, cmfrt fd's pwer may lie in the assciatins it calls t mind
【答案】16. D 17. E 18. G 19. F 20. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了安慰食品通常是高能量、高脂肪和甜的，如巧克力、冰淇淋和炸薯条。它们给我们带来快乐或暂时让我们感觉更好，以及具体列出一些为什么可以让你吃得舒服的因素。
【16题详解】
由上文“They prvide pleasure r temprarily make us feel better.”（它们给我们带来快乐或暂时让我们感觉更好。）引出话题“让你感觉舒服的原因”。以及下文详细列举了三种因素， 故可以推出，空格处内容为“一些可以让你吃得舒服的因素”引出下文的具体的举例。故选D项。
【17题详解】
上文“There seems t be a cnsistent cnnectin between negative emtins and unhealthy fds, a phenmenn called emtinal eating. In a bad md, peple are drawn t unhealthy fds（sugary and fatty）as a cping apprach.”（消极情绪和不健康食物之间似乎有一种一致的联系，这种现象被称为“情绪化饮食”。心情不好的时候，人们会选择不健康的食物(含糖和高脂肪的)作为一种应对方法。）由此推断，接下来可能会说明举出相反例子说明积极情绪可能会更健康的吃。故与E项“相反，心情好的人倾向于选择健康的食物”形成对比。故选E项。
【18题详解】
上文“We tend t assciate certain fds with members f ur family, scial gatherings and peple taking care f us. S when we feel lnely we desire these fds t give us cmfrt and security.”（我们倾向于将某些食物与我们的家庭成员、社交聚会和照顾我们的人联系在一起。所以当我们感到孤独的时候，我们渴望这些食物给我们安慰和安全。）下文“Fr example, fr a cllege student away frm hme fr the first time, cmfrt fds may serve as a reminder f family r friends in times f stress r islatin.”（例如，对于一个第一次离开家的大学生来说，舒适的食物可以在压力或孤立的时候提醒家人或朋友。）可知，选项G“也就是说，安慰性食物的力量可能在于它能唤起人们的联想”是对上文的推断，以及引出下文的具体证明例子。故选G项。
【19题详解】
上文标题“Special ccasin.”说明特殊的场合。与下文选项F“We tend t g fr special, ften unhealthy, fds n celebratry ccasins”中的“special”，“ccasin”词汇保持一致以及对上文标题的具体说明。故选F项。
【20题详解】
上文“The ideal slutin is t smehw d bth.”（理想的解决办法是两者兼顾。）下文“If the situatin can be framed as the "last time", then the dilemma disappears, since the persn can say t himself that a new and better life will begin tmrrw”（如果情境可以被设定为“最后一次”，那么困境就消失了，因为这个人可以对自己说，新的、更好的生活将在明天开始。）可知选项A“这是不可能的，除非在一种情况下。”是对上文的总结，以及下文的具体解释说明。故选A项。
第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It was Jennifer Williams' mther wh gt her interested in bks. As a librarian, she read t her three ____21____ every day until they went t cllege.
When Williams became a ____22____ , she wanted her students t lve reading as she did. But she realized that sme kids had limited ____23____ t bks.
"It's very bvius t teachers which kids are ____24____ t and which kids are nt," she said. T Williams, the ____25____ was simple: Give kids bks. In 2017, she gave away 900 used children's ____26____ ver three days. Mst peple wuld be ____27____ with that.
"Anybdy culd d that," she said. "I wanted t d smething that was ging t ____28____ my faith, my wrk ethic, my everything." S she set a new ____29____ fr herself: Give away ne millin bks. It sunds like a（n） _____30_____ number, but as Williams psted n Facebk: "Dn't cmplain if yu aren't willing t wrk hard ut n the field."
S she gt t wrk, first by persuading friends t _____31_____ bks r mney t buy bks. And as news f Williams' prject spread, strangers started _____32_____ bks n her frnt prch. As the bks came in. Williams gave them t lcal schls, free f _____33_____ .
Nw, Williams has _____34_____ mre than 78,000 bks—nly 922,000 mre t reach her gal! And she's nt slwing dwn. It's t _____35_____ fr kids with few ptins.
21. A. friendsB. childrenC. studentsD. relatives
22. A. teacherB. mtherC. mnitrD. librarian
23. A. accessB. reactinC. apprachD. guide
24. A. talkedB. readC. listenedD. written
25. A. resultB. reasnC. slutinD. situatin
26. A. tysB. chairsC. bksD. clthes
27. A. bredB. busyC. enughD. satisfied
28. A. determineB. delayC. stretchD. fllw
29. A. galB. faithC. timetableD. requirement
30. A. safeB. meaningfulC. strangeD. unreachable
31. A. sellB. writeC. lendD. dnate
32. A. gettingB. leavingC. sharingD. brrwing
33. A. trubleB. damageC. chargeD. reward
34. A. given awayB. asked frC. applied frD. gathered up
35. A. manyB. imprtantC. difficultD. incredible
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. C 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. D 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了詹妮弗·威廉姆斯为了让更多的孩子阅读，开始了自己的捐书目标。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个图书管理员，她每天给她的三个孩子读书，直到他们上大学。A. friends朋友；B. children孩子；C. students学生；D. relatives亲戚。根据“It was Jennifer Williams' mther wh gt her interested in bks.”可知，詹妮弗·威廉姆斯的母亲每天为孩子们读书。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当威廉姆斯成为一名教师时，她希望她的学生像她一样热爱阅读。A. teacher老师；B. mther母亲；C. mnitr班长；D. librarian图书管理员。根据“she wanted her students t lve reading as she did.”可知，威廉姆斯回来成为一名教师。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但她意识到，有些孩子接触书籍的机会有限。 A. access接近(的机会)；B. reactin反应；C. apprach方法；D. guide向导。have access t有接触……的机会或权利。根据“T Williams, the ____5____ was simple: Give kids bks.”可知，有些孩子接触书的机会很有限。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说：“老师很清楚哪些孩子阅读了，哪些孩子没有阅读。”A. talked交谈；B. read阅读；C. listened听；D. written写。根据“It's very bvius t teachers”可知，作为老师很清楚自己所教的学生有没有阅读。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对威廉姆斯来说，解决办法很简单：给孩子们书。 A. result结果；B. reasn原因；C. slutin解决方法；D. situatin形势。根据“Give kids bks.”可知，威廉姆斯解决孩子阅读问题的办法很简单。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：2017年，她在三天内送出了900本用过的儿童书籍。A. tys玩具；B. chairs椅子；C. bks书；D. clthes衣服。根据“T Williams, the ____5____ was simple: Give kids bks.”可知，威廉姆斯给孩子们书籍。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大多数人会对此感到满意。A. bred厌烦的；B. busy繁忙的；C. enugh足够的；D. satisfied满意的。根据“In 2017, she gave away 900 used children's ____6____ ver three days.”可知，大多数人对威廉姆斯送书感到满意。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想做一些能够拓展我的信仰、职业道德和一切的事情。A. determine决定；B. delay延迟；C. stretch伸展，拓展；D. fllw跟随。根据“Anybdy culd d that,”可知，威廉姆斯想通过做一些事情来拓展自己的信仰、职业道德和一切的事情。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她给自己定了一个新目标：捐出一百万本书。A. gal目标；B. faith信念；C. timetable时间表；D. requirement要求。根据“Give away ne millin bks.”可知，威廉姆斯给自己定了一个捐赠书的新目标。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这听起来像是一个遥不可及的数字。A. safe安全的；B. meaningful有意义的；C. strange奇怪的；D. unreachable不能到达的。根据“Give away ne millin bks.”可知，捐出一百万本书听起来像是一个遥不可及的数字。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：于是她开始工作，首先说服朋友们捐赠书籍或钱来买书。A. sell卖；B. write写；C. lend借出；D. dnate捐赠。根据“Give away ne millin bks.”可知，威廉姆斯说服朋友们参与捐赠书籍。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着威廉姆斯项目的消息传开，陌生人开始把书放在她的前廊上。A. getting得到；B. leaving留下；C. sharing分享；D. brrwing借来。根据“And as news f Williams' prject spread,”可知，陌生人参与威廉姆斯的计划，主动把书放在她的前廊上。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：威廉姆斯把它们免费送给了当地的学校。A. truble麻烦；B. damage损害；C. charge负责；D. reward报答。free f charge免费。根据“Give away ne millin bks.”可知，威廉姆斯把书免费捐赠给学校。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：现在，威廉姆斯已经捐出了78000多本书——只要再捐出922000本书就能实现她的目标了!A. given away赠送；B. asked fr请求；C. applied fr申请；D. gathered up聚集。根据“Give away ne millin bks.”可知，威廉姆斯完成捐赠一百万本书的目标。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这对那些别无选择的孩子来说太重要了。A. many许多的；B. imprtant重要的；C. difficult困难的；D. incredible难以置信的。根据“And she's nt slwing dwn.”可知，威廉姆斯继续完成捐书目标，因为书本对那些别无选择的孩子来说太重要了。故选B。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
New Yrk state is America's tp apple grwer after the state f Washingtn, but New Yrk City's nickname has nthing t d ____36____ fruit prductin. ____37____ （actual）, the nickname the "Big Apple" first gained ppularity in cnnectin with hrse racing. Arund 1920, New Yrk City newspaper reprter Jhn Fitz Gerald, ____38____ reprted n the track, heard stable hands（马夫）say they were ging t "the big apple," a ____39____ （refer）t New Yrk City, whse race tracks ____40____ （cnsider）great. Fitz Gerald sn began mentining the Big Apple in his newspaper clumns. In the 1930s, jazz musicians adpted the term ____41____ （indicate）New Yrk City was hme t tp music clubs.
The nickname later faded frm use and wasn't revived ____42____ the early 1970s as part f a turism campaign t restre New Yrk's image. At the time, the cuntry's mst ppulus city ____43____ （experience）ecnmic difficulties. The man wh created ____44____ campaign, Charles Gillett, was a jazz enthusiast wh knew that the Big Apple had nce been a nickname that brught respect t the city. Prmtinal items _____45_____ （feature）apples sn became ppular and visitrs were invited t take a bite ut f the Big Apple；this time arund, the name stuck.
【答案】36. with
37. Actually
38. wh 39. reference4
40. were cnsidered
41. t indicate
42. until 43. was experiencing
44. the 45. featuring
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。文章讲述了为什么把纽约叫做“大苹果”的原因。
【36题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：纽约州是美国继华盛顿州之后最大的苹果种植者，但纽约市的这个绰号与水果生产无关。have nthing t d with...“与……无关”，根据句意，故填with。
【37题详解】
考查副词。句意：实际上，“大苹果”这个绰号最初是在赛马中流行起来的。分析句子结构，副词能够单独使用，这里表示实际上，需使用actual的副词形式作状语， 故填Actually。
【38题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：1920年左右，纽约市报纸记者约翰·菲茨·杰拉尔德，在赛道上报到，听到马手说他们要去“大苹果”，指的是纽约市，纽约市的赛道被认为是伟大的。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词Jhn Fitz Gerald指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词wh引导非限制性定语从句，故填wh。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意同上。冠词修饰名词，根据此处的不定冠词a，可知本处需要单数名词，refer的名词形式reference，故填reference。
【40题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：1920年左右，纽约市报纸记者约翰·菲茨·杰拉尔德，在赛道上报到，听到马手说他们要去“大苹果”，指的是纽约市，纽约市的赛道被认为是伟大的。分析句子结构可知，cnsider在此处作从句的谓语，与主语是被动关系，主语是复数，根据句意，讲述过去发生的事情，句子为一般过去式，故填were cnsidered。
【41题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：20世纪30年代，爵士音乐家用这个词来表示纽约市是顶级音乐俱乐部的所在地。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语adpted，故动词indicate为非谓语作状语，与主语是主动关系，故使用现在分词作状语，故填indicating。
【42题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：这个绰号后来逐渐不再使用，直到20世纪70年代初才重新使用，作为一场旨在提升纽约形象的旅游运动的一部分。in the early 1970s“在20世纪70年代早期”是固定短语。根据句意，故填in。
【43题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：当时，这个国家人口最多的城市正在经历经济困境。根据时间状语at the time“在那时”可知句子应该使用过去进行时，表示在过去某段时期一直存在的状态，主语是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填was experiencing。
44题详解】
考查冠词。句意：发起这场运动的人，查尔斯·吉列特，是一个爵士乐爱好者，他知道“Big Apple”曾经是一个尊重这座城市的绰号。此处特指“这场运动”，故填the。
【45题详解】
考查形容词。句意：以苹果为特色促销项目很快成为受欢迎的，游客们被邀请“去吃一口这个大苹果”。分析句子可知，句子的谓语动词是became，feature用非谓语动词形式作定语，修饰items，二者之间是主动关系，故填featuring。
第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节应用文写作（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，打算邀请外教Mr. William去参观“中国艺术展”。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1. 参观时间、地点；
2. 参观内容。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Mr. William,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】One pssible versin:
Dear Mr. William,
I'm writing t invite yu t jin us in the cming visit t the Chinese Art Exhibitin this Saturday mrning.
We will get tgether at ur schl gate and leave at 8 am. The exhibitin will be held in ur city gallery, where we will enjy large varieties f art wrks, including traditinal Chinese paintings, sculptures, and calligraphy wrks and s n. We will luckily appreciate sme wrks by Chinese artists exhibited fr the first time, which will surely appeal t yu.
I knw yu have a passin fr Chinese arts s yu had better nt miss the precius chance.
Yurs
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给外教Mr. William写封信，邀请他去参观“中国艺术展”。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
展览：exhibitin→display
种类：variety→srt
幸运地：luckily→frtunately
无疑：surely→certainly
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I'm writing t invite yu t jin us in the cming visit t the Chinese Art Exhibitin this Saturday mrning.
拓展句：I'm writing t invite yu t jin us in the cming visit t the Chinese Art Exhibitin, which will be held this Saturday mrning.
【点睛】[高分句型1]The exhibitin will be held in ur city gallery, where we will enjy large varieties f art wrks, including traditinal Chinese paintings, sculptures, and calligraphy wrks and s n.（运用了where引导的非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]We will luckily appreciate sme wrks by Chinese artists exhibited fr the first time, which will surely appeal t yu.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头话续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When I was in seventh grade, my parents paid a tutr(家庭教师)frty dllars a week fr her cming t my huse and helping me with math. It ended up raising my marks frm 50 t 55.
I had t admit it was mainly my fault. Maybe I shuld have cncentrated n my math frm the beginning. But studying math was a painful and tugh thing. My teachers and friends wuld frequently ask the questin after tests, “Hw’s yur math this time？” Gradually I became extremely afraid f math. My fear f math gt wrse in ninth grade. Every reprt card I received frm my new math teacher Ms Rbbins had the cmment t encurage me,“I’m glad t d what I can t help yu.” But I culdn’t tell her the real reasn why I didn’t ask fr help—I didn’t want t be cnsidered stupid. Every questin I had was, in my pinin at that time, smething that the whle class had understd but me. S I ended up nt caring abut anything related t math, withut wrking hard n math at all. But in my bttm f my heart, there was still a wrry that I wuld nt pass the math exam r even fail t be admitted t high schl .
Finally, the day came when my classmates and I tk the final test that wuld lead t ur graduatin frm middle schl and stepping int high schl. Days after the exam, n a rainy summer mrning, Ms. Rbbins called me t her ffice.
注意：续写词数为 150 左右。
Paragraph 1：
With wrry and uncertainty, I entered her ffice.
Paragraph 2：
After I tk the curage t tell my parents the bad news, they were silent.
【答案】Paragraph 1
With wrry and uncertainty, I entered her ffice. Ms. Rbbins tld me that I had failed the math test, and, what was wrse, that I had t spend anther year in middle schl if I wanted t be admitted t a high schl. Hardly had I heard the news when I was reduced t tears. Seeing that, Ms. Rbbins came t cmfrt and encurage me, “I’m glad t d what I can t help yu.” After leaving her ffice, wandering in the rain, I was wndering hw t tell the bad news t my parents, anxius and nervus.
Paragraph 2
After I tk the curage t tell my parents the bad news, they were silent. Trembling with fright, I waited fr their blame. Hwever, they encuraged me t have anther try in ninth grade. It was then that I determined t take math seriusly. The fllwing day, I turned t Ms Rbbins fr help and tld her abut my determinatin. Ms. Rbbins was happy that I finally decided t wrk hard n math. Thanks t her patient guidance and my devtin, I made great prgress and was relieved f the fear f math. Finally, I made it t a gd high schl and a university. Nw I’m a dctr and I’m grateful t Ms. Rbbins.
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇读后续写。文章以时间为线索，讲述了作者上初中时数学成绩不好，九年时的数学老师Ms Rbbins主动提出帮作者，但出于对数学的恐惧和害怕被嘲笑，作者没有接受老师的帮助。最终，作者在中考中没有通过数学考试。
【详解】1.段落续写
①根据本段首句“带着担忧和不确定，我走进了她的办公室。”可知，下文可描写老师告诉作者没有通过数学考试，如果要上高中的话，需要复读，并给予作者安慰和鼓励。
②根据本段首句“在我鼓起勇气告诉父母这个坏消息后，他们沉默了。”可知，下文可描写父母鼓励作者再尝试一次，以及在老师的帮助和自己的努力下，作者的数学有了很大提高，并顺利通过中考。
2.续写线索：走进办公室——得知数学未通过——老师建议复读并给予鼓励——告诉父母坏消息——父母鼓励——下定决心努力——主动求助于老师——顺利通过中考
3.词类激活
行为类
①落泪：burst int tears/ burst ut crying/ reduce t tears
②告诉某人某人：tell sth. t sb./ infrm sb. f sth.
③决心做某事：determine t d sth./ decide t d sth./ make up ne's mind t d sth.
情绪类
①焦虑的：anxius/wrried
②高兴的：happy/delighted/pleased
【点睛】[高分句型1]Ms. Rbbins tld me that I had failed the math test, and, what was wrse, that I had t spend anther year in middle schl if I wanted t be admitted t a high schl. （句中运用了that引导宾语从句和if引导条件状语从句）
[高分句型2]Hardly had I heard the news when I was reduced t tears.（句中运用了部分倒装）
[高分句型3]After leaving her ffice, wandering in the rain, I was wndering hw t tell the bad news t my parents, anxius and nervus.（句中运用了形容词作状语）