2022年高考英语语法解析--主谓一致精讲精练学案

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2022年高考英语语法解析--主谓一致精讲精练　　　　知识要点：　　在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。如何判定，则要看句子的意思。多数情况下，根据句子的主语形式就能判定，但有的则要看整句的意思，及强调的内容。下面我们就常用的、易混的几种情况作一下解释。　　1、以单数名词或代词、不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：　　1)The book is on the table.　　2)He is reading English.　　3)To work hard is necessary.(It is necessary to work hard.)　　4)How you get there is a problem.　　2、复数主语跟复数动词。如：　　Children like to play toys.　　3、在倒装句中，动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。如以here,there开头，be 动词与后面第一个名词一致。如：　　1)There is a dog near the door.　　2)There were no schools in this area before liberation.　　3)Here comes the bus.　　4)On the wall were two famous paintings.　　5)Here is Mr Brown and his children.　　4、and连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。如果主语后跟有with, together with, except, but, perhaps , like, including, as well as, no less than, more than, rather than等引起的短语，谓语动词仍与短语前的主语的形式保持一致。如：　　1)Jane, Mary and I are good friends.　　2)He and my father work in the same factory.　　3)His sister, no less than you, is wrong.　　4)The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident.　　5)He, like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent.　　6)Every picture except these two has been sold.　　7)Alice with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays.　　8)Alice as well as her friends was invited to the concert.　　9)Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom at that time.　　5、并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，and后面的名词没有冠词。如：　　1)The writer and worker is coming to our school tomorrow.　　这位工人作家明天要来我们学校。　　2)Bread and butter is their daily food.　　面包和黄油是他们每日的食品。　　3)The writer and the worker are coming to our school tomorrow.　　那位作家和那位工人明天将来我们学校。(两个人)　　6、and连接的并列单数名词前如有each, every, no, many a修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：　　1)Every boy and girl has been invited to the party.　　所有的孩子都被邀请参加这次聚会。　　2)No teacher and no student is absent today.　　今天没有老师和学生缺席。　　3)Many a student is busy with their lessons.　　许许多多的学生都忙着复习他们的功课。　　7、each, either, one, another, the other, neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：　　1)Each takes a cup of tea.　　2)Either is correct.　　3)Neither of them likes this picture.　　8、由every, some, any, no构成的合成代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：　　1)Is everyone here?　　2)Nothing is to be done. 没有什么要干的事儿了。　　9、关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：　　1)Those who want to go please sign their names here.　　2)Anyone who is against this opinion may speak out.　　3)He is one of the students who were praised at the meeting.　　10、表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时，其谓语动词常用单数形式。如：　　1)Three years is not a long time.　　2)Ten dollars is what he needs.　　3)Five hundred miles is a long distance.　　11、复数形式的专有名词作为整体看待(如人名、地点、国家、组织、书籍、报刊等)，动词用单数形式。如：　　1)The United States is in North America.　　2)The United Nations has passed a resolution(决议)。　　3)“The Arabian Nights”(《天方夜谭》)is an interesting book.　　12、有些集体名词如family, team, group, class, audience(听众，观众)，government等作主语时，如看作是一个整体，谓语动词则用单数形式;如强调各个成员时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：　　1)My family is going to have a long journey.　　我家要进行一次长途旅行。　　2)My family are fond of music.　　我家人都喜欢音乐。　　3)The class has won the honour.　　这班获得了荣誉。　　4)The class were jumping for joy.　　全班同学都高兴得跳了起来。　　13、all, more, most, some, any, none, half, the rest等作主语时，既可表示复数意义，也可表示单数意义，谓语动词要根据实际情况而定。如：　　1)All of the apple is rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。　　2)All of the apples are rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。　　3)Most of the wood was used to make furniture (家具)。　　14、the + 形容词(或分词)作主语时，常指一类人，谓语动词用复数形式。如指的是抽象概念，谓语动词则用单数形式。如：　　1)The young are usually very active. 年轻人通常是很活跃的。　　2)The wounded are being taken good care of here now.　　现在伤病员们在这里受到了很好照顾。　　15、or, either…or…, neither…nor…, whether…or, not only…but (also)连接的是主语，谓语动词与后一个主语一致。如：　　1)Either you or I am going to the movies.　　2)Not only you but also he is wrong.　　16、不可数名词没有复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：　　1)Water is a kind of matter.　　2)The news at six o’clock is true.　　17、集合名词如：people, police ,cattle等作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。如：　　1)The police are searching for him.　　2)The cattle are grassing (吃草)。　　18、population当人口讲时，谓语动词用单数形式;当人们讲时，谓语动词用复数。如：　　1)The population of China is larger than that of Japan.　　2)One third of the population here are workers.　　19、the number of + 名词复数，是表示“…的数字”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式;a (large / great) number of + 名词复数，表示许多，作主语时;谓语动词用复数形式。　　1)The number of the students in our school is increasing year after year.　　2)A number of students have gone for an outing.　　20、means, politics, physics, plastics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。【主谓一致 专项训练】　　1、Nothing but cars_________ in the shop.　　A.is sold B.are sold C.were sold D.are going to sell　　2、No one except Jack and Tom_________  the answer.　　A.know B.knows C.is knowing D.are known　　3、Seventy percent of the students in our school_________  from the countryside.　　A.is B.are C.comes D.are coming　　4、_________  of the money used up.　　A.Three-five, are B.Three-fifths, have been　　C.Three-fifths, has been D.Third-fifths, is　　5、The number of the people who _________ cars increasing.　　A.owns, are B.owns, is C.own, is D.own, are　　6、One of Marx’s works _________ written in English in the 1860s.　　A.was B.were C.would be D.are　　7、The sheets for your bed _________ washing.　　A.needs B.are needing C.want D.are wanting　　8、On each side of the street_________  a lot of trees.　　A.stands B.grow C.is standing D.are grown　　9、Some person_________  calling for you at the gate.　　A.are B.is C.is being D.will be　　10、All that can be eaten _________ eaten up.　　A.are being B.has been C.had been D.have been　　11、Tom’s teacher and friend_________  Mr. Smith.　　A.are B.is C.are being D.has　　12、Your new clothes fit you, but mine _________ me.　　A.doesn’t fit B.don’t fit C.doesn’t fit for D.don’t fit for　　13、Neither he nor I _________ for the plan.　　A.am B.are C.is D.were　　14、Many a student_________  that mistake before.　　A.has made B.have made C.has been made D.had made　　15、Peter, perhaps John, _________ playing with the little dog.　　A.is B.are C.were D.seems　　16、Laying eggs_________  the ant queen’s full-time job.　　A.is B.are C.has D.have　　17、Between the two buildings _________ a monument.　　A.stand B.stands C.standing D.is standing　　18、I, who ____ your good friend, will share your joys and sorrow.　　A.am B.is C.are D.was　　19、The United Nations_________  in 1945.　　A.were found B.were founded C.was founded D.was found　　20、 _________ were also invited to the party.　　A.Mr Smith B.The Smith C.The Smiths D.Smiths　　21、The glass works_________  in 1959.　　A.were set up B.was set up C.were put up D.were built　　22、Three hours with your girl friend________ to be a short time.　　A.seem B.seems C.is seeming D.has seemed　　23、It was reported that six including a boy_________ .　　A.was killed B.were killed C.was killing D.had killed　　24、The police_________  a prisoner.A.is searching for B.are searching for C.is searching D.are searched for　　25、Deer_________  faster than dogs.　　A.run B.runs C.are running D.will run　　26、The wounded _________ good care of here now.　　A.is taken B.are being taken C.are taking D.is taking　　27、The whole class _________ greatly moved at his words.　　A.was B.were C.had D.is　　28、Over 80 percent of the population of China _________ peasants.　　A.was B.is C.are D.will be　　29、There _________ a knife and fork on the table.　　A.seems to be B.seem to be C.is seeming to be D.are　　30、Those who _________ singing may join us.　　A.are liking B.likes C.enjoy D.is fond of　　31、His family _________ music lovers.　　A.all are B.are all C.is D.are being　　32、A professor and a writer_________  present at the meeting.　　A.was B.is C.were D.had been　　33、The pair of shoes_________  worn out.　　A.was B.were C.have been D.had been　　34、The students in our school each_________  an English dictionary.　　A.have B.has C.had D.are having　　35、More than one answer _________ to the question.　　A.have been given B.has been given C.were given D.had given36、The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who _________ from the countryside in our school. A.are B.is C.were D.was　　37、Our family _________ a happy one.　　A.is B.are C.was D.were　　38、Most of the mistakes _________ because of carelessness.　　A.were made B.are made C.has been made D.were making　　39、Most of his time_________  in reading novels.　　A.are spent B.is spent C.were spent D.was spending　　40、The rest of the novel_________  very interesting.　　A.were B.are C.is D.seem　　41、I know that all _________ getting on well with her.　　A.was B.is C.are D.were　　42、When and where this took place _________ still unknown.　　A.are B.were C.is D.has　　43、Not only the workers but also the machine_______ not there.　　A.are B.were C.is D.has　　44、Very few _________ his address in the town.　　A.knows B.know C.are knowing D.has known　　45、Ten thousand dollars _________ a large sum of money.　　A.are B.is C.were D.seem　　46、Twenty miles _________ a long way to cover.　　A.were B.are C.is D.seem to be　　47、Nine plus three _________ twelve.　　A.makes B.make C.is making D.are making　　48、There are two roads and either_________  to the station.　　A.leads B.lead C.are leading D.is leading　　49、My father, together with some of his old friends,_________  there already.　　A.have been B.has been C.had been D.will be　　50、My family as well as I_________  glad to see you.　　A.am B.are C.is D.was　　 【答案】：　　1、A 因有连词but，所以谓语形式跟Nothing一致，用第三人称单数。见讲解4。　　2、B 同上 3、B 见讲解2。 4、C 见讲解16。　　5、C 定语从句看被修饰的先行词：the number of作主语用单数形式。见讲解9，19。　　6、A 见讲解1。 7、C 见讲解2。 8、B 倒装句，要看后面的主语。见讲解3。　　9、B some person指“某人”是第三人称单数。见讲解13。　　10、B 主语“all”指的是“food”，所以代不可数名词，是第三人称单数。见讲解13。　　11、B Tom’s teacher and friend，因friend前没有冠词，所以实际指的是同一个人。 见讲解5。　　12、B 根据前一分句的意思，第二分句中的mine指的是“my new clothes”，因 此主语是复数。　　13、A neither…nor…连接主语，动词与后面的主语保持一致。见讲解15。　　14、A 见讲解6。 15、A 见讲解4。 16、A 见讲解1，动名词作主语。 17、B 倒装，见讲解3。 18、A 见讲解9。 19、C 见讲解11。　　20、C 因谓语动词是复数，所主语应是复，The Smiths是指史密斯一家人。　　21、B works在此句中是指工厂，所以是单数。 22、B 见讲解10。　　23、B six在这儿指的是人，因此用复数形式。 24、B 见讲解17。　　25、A deer, sheep是单、复数同形，根据后面的dogs，前面的deer应是复数(单 数前应有a)。 26、B 见讲解14。 27、B 见讲解12，因人才能受感动，所以the whole class是指全班的成员。 28、C 见讲解18。 29、A 见讲解5。刀、*是一副而论，所以看作单数。 30、C 见讲解9。 31、B 见讲解12。 32、C 见讲解4，注意与第11题比较。　　33、A 因此句主语是pair，所以用单数。　　34、A 因此句主语是the students，所以用复数。如果each作主语，谓语动词则用 第三人称单数形式。如：Each of the students / Each student has an English dictionary.　　35、B 此句中的主语是one answer，所以谓语动词应与它保持一致。　　36、B 根据句意，这个男孩是学校中唯一来自农村的学生，自然后面的定语从句 的主语是单数，所以谓语动词用单数形式，又因主从句时态保持一致，故B 是唯一正确答案。　　37、A 见讲解12。 38、A 见讲解2。39、B 见讲解16。　　40、C 这部小说的剩余部分，还没超出“一”，用单数。　　41、C 见讲解13，不定代词all在此句中代“与她相处的人”，所以是复数。　　42、C 见讲解1，when and where this took place是一个从句。　　43、C 见讲解15。 44、B few在此代人，是复数。 45、B 见讲解10。　　46、C 同上。 47、A 同上。 48、A 见讲解7。 49、B 见讲解4。 50、B 同上。