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2022高考英语语法知识点梳理--主谓一致学案
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这是一份2022高考英语语法知识点梳理--主谓一致学案，共8页。
主谓一致（Subject- Verb Agreement），指”人称”和”数方面的一致关系.如: He is ging abrad. They are playing ftball. 可分为:语法一致， 内容一致， 就近一致.
（一） 语法一致原则:
即主语为单数，谓语用单数，主语为复数，谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项:
1. 单数主语即使后面带有with ， alng with， tgether with， like（象）， but （除了），except， besides， as well as， n less than， rather than（而不是）， including， in additin t 引导的短语， 谓语动词仍用单数.
如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质.
N ne except tw servants was late fr the dinner.
除了两个仆人外， 没有一个人迟来用餐。
2. 用and连接的并列主语，如果主语是同一个人，同一事，同一概念， 谓语动词用单数， 否则用复数. 如:
The pet and writer has cme. 那位诗人兼作家来了.（一个人）
A hammer and a saw are useful tls. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. （两样物）
用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体， 如:bread and butter（黄油抹面包）， knife and frk（刀叉）等作主语时， 谓语动词用单数。
3. 不定式（短语）， 动名词（短语）， 或从句作主语时， 谓语动词用单数. 如:
Serving the peple is my great happiness.
为人民服务是我最大的幸福.
When we’ll g ut fr an uting has been decided.
我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。
4. 用连接的并列主语被each， every 或n修饰时， 谓语动词用单数.
Every by and every girl likes t g swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳.
N teacher and n student was absent frm the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席.
Each man and （each） wman is asked t help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。
5. each f + 复数代词， 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词+each， 谓语动词用单数.如:
Each f us has smething t say. 我们每个人都有话要说。
6. 若主语中有mre than ne 或many a/an ， 尽管从意义上看是复数， 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。 但mre+复数名词+than ne做主语时， 谓语动词仍用复数. 如:
Many a by likes playing basketball. 许多男生都喜欢打篮球.
Mre than ne student was late. 不只一个学生迟到
Mre persns than ne cme t help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。
7. nne 做主语时，谓语动词可用单数， 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数，因而谓语动词要用单数. 如:
Nne f us are （is） perfect. 人无完人。
Nne f this wrries me. 这事一点不使我着急。
8. 名词如: trusers， scissrs， clthes， gds， glasses 等作主语时， 谓语动词必须用复数. 如:
His clthes are gd. 但这些名词前若出现 a pair f ， 谓语一般用单数.如:
A pair f glasses is n the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。
9. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics， mathematics， ecnmics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Night <天方夜谈>; 以及The United Natins<联合国> 等作主语时， 谓语动词用单数。
10. “a +名词+and a half “， “ne and a half + 名词”， “the number f + 名词” 等作主语时， 谓语动词要用单数. 如:
Only ne and a half apples is left n the table.
注意: ne r tw + 复数名词作主语， 谓语动词用复数形式， 如:
One r tw places have been visited. 参观了一两个地点。
（二） 内容一致原则:
1. 主语中有all， half， mst， the rest等， 以及”分数或百分数+名词”做主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词.如:
The rest f the bikes are n sale tday. 剩下的自行车， 今天出售。
60%f the apple was eaten by little by. 这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。
Mst f the apples were rtten. 大部分的苹果都是烂的。
Mst f the apple was eaten by a rat. 这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了。
2. 不定数量的词组， 如:part f ， a lt f ， lts f ， ne f ， a number f ， plenty f等作主语时， 谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如:
A part f the textbks have arrived. 一小部分教科书已运到。
A part f the apple has been eaten up by the pig. 这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。
3. 加减乘除用单数.如:
Fifteen minus five is ten . 15减去5等于10。
4. 表示时间， 金钱， 距离， 度量等的名词做主语时， 尽管是复数形式， 它们做为一个单一的概念时， 其谓语动词用单数.如:
Ten miles is a gd distance. 十英里是一个相当的距离。
5. （1） 通常作复数的集体名词. 包括plice ， peple， cattle 等， 这些集体名词通常用作复数.如:
The British plice have nly very limited pwers.
（2） 通常作不可数名词的集体名词. 包括equipment， furniture， clthing， luggage 等.
（3） 可作单数也可作复数的集体名词. 包括 audience， cmmittee， gvernment， family， enemy， grup， party， team， public 等.如:
The cmmittee has/have decided t dismiss him. 委员会决定解雇他。
6. the +形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物， 作主语时， 谓语动词用复数.如:
The injured were saved after the fire.
（三） 就近原则
1. 由here， there， where 等引导的倒装句中， （有时主语不止一个时）谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.如:
Here cmes the bus 公共汽车来了.
Here is a pen and sme pieces f paper fr yu. 给你一支钢笔和几张纸。
Where is yur wife and children t stay while yu are away?
你不在这儿的时候， 你爱人和孩子在哪儿呆呢？
2. 用连词r， r， neither….nr， nt nly….but als 等连接的并列主语， 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。 如：
Neither the students nr the teacher knws anything abut it 学生和老师都不知道这事.
He r yu have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的钢笔。
注意: ne f +复数名词+wh/that/which 引导的定语从句中， 定语从句的动词为复数。如：
Mary is ne f thse peple wh keep pets. 玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。
The nly ne f +复数名词+ wh/that./which 引导的定语从句中，定语从句的动词应为单数。
Mary is the nly ne f thse peple wh keeps pets. 玛丽是唯一一个饲养宠物的人。
主谓一致练习
1. Abut 60 percent f the students _____ frm the suth， the rest f them _____ frm the nrth and freign cuntries.
A. are/is B. are/are C. is/are D. are
2. Half f the wrkers here _____ under 30 _____.
A. is/years B. are/year ld C. is/years ld D. are/years f age
3. Nw Tm with his classmates _____ ftball n the playgrund.
A. play B. are playing C. plays D. is playing
4. The number f pages in this dictinary _____ abut tw thusand.
A. are B. has C. have D. is
5. Thirty dllars _____ t expensive.
A. are B. is C. were D. be
6. The audience _____ s large that n seat was left unccupied in the great hall.
A. is B. are C. was D. has
7. The secretary and principal _____ at the meeting nw.
A. are speaking B. is speaking C. were making a speech D. have a speech
8. "If anybdy _____， please put dwn _____ name，" said the teacher t the mnitr.
A. wants t buy the bk/his B. want t buy the bk/their
C. will buy the bk/ne's D. wants t have the bk bught/her
9. Nthing but ne desk and six chairs _____ in the rm.
A. are B. is stayed C. is D. are left
11. Between the tw rads _____ a TV twer called "Skyscraper Twer".
A. stands B. standing C. which stands D. stand
12. Either f yu _____ ging there tnight.
A. will B. was C. is D. are
13. Yu as well _____ right.
A. I are B. I am C. as I am D. as I are
14. All but Dick _____ in Class Three this term.
A. are B. is C. were D. was
16. Where t get the materials and hw t get them _____ at the meeting.
A. have nt discussed B. have nt been discussed
C. has nt discussed D. has nt been discussed
17. I tk mathematics and physics because I think that _____ very imprtant fr me t make further research in this field.
A. what is B. they are C. this D. which are
18. Every student and every teacher _____.
A. are ging t attend the meeting B. have attended the meeting
C. has attended the meeting D. is attended the meeting
19. Three furths f the bread _____ by Bb， and the rest f the bread _____ left n the table.
A. was eaten/were B. were eaten/was C. were eaten/were D. was eaten/was
20. This pair f shes _____.
A. is her B. is hers C. are hers D. are her
21.There ______ n life n the mn.
A. is said t have B. are said t have C. is said t be D. are said t be
22.A grup f ______ are eating ______ and ______ at the ft f the hill
A. sheep; grass; leaves B. sheeps grasses leaves
C. sheep; grass leaf D. sheeps grass leafs
23.My family raise a lt f _______， including tw______.
A. cattles cws B. cws cattle C. cattle cws D. cw， cattles
24.What he says and what he des_______.
A. des nt agree B. d nt agree C. des nt agree with D. nt agree
25.The by and the girl each ______ tys.
A. have their wn B. has their wn C. have her wn D. has her wn
26.She is the nly ne amng the ______ writers wh ______stries fr children.
A. wman， writes B. wmen write C. wmen writes D. wman write
27.The railway statin is ______frm ur schl.
A. tw hur`s drive B. tw hurs` drive C. tw hur drive D. tw hurs drive
28.Mike and Jhn`s ______.
A. father is a teacher B. fathers are teachers
C. father are teachers D. fathers are teacher
29.A great deal f talking and listening that ______ under casual circumstance may seem t be aimless.
A. is ccurred B. are ccurred C. ccurs D. ccur
30._______ the classrm needs t be cleaned.
A. Either the ffices r B. The ffices and
C. Bth the ffice and D. The ffice and
主谓一致（Subject- Verb Agreement），指”人称”和”数方面的一致关系.如: He is ging abrad. They are playing ftball. 可分为:语法一致， 内容一致， 就近一致.
（一） 语法一致原则:
即主语为单数，谓语用单数，主语为复数，谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项:
1. 单数主语即使后面带有with ， alng with， tgether with， like（象）， but （除了），except， besides， as well as， n less than， rather than（而不是）， including， in additin t 引导的短语， 谓语动词仍用单数.
如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质.
N ne except tw servants was late fr the dinner.
除了两个仆人外， 没有一个人迟来用餐。
2. 用and连接的并列主语，如果主语是同一个人，同一事，同一概念， 谓语动词用单数， 否则用复数. 如:
The pet and writer has cme. 那位诗人兼作家来了.（一个人）
A hammer and a saw are useful tls. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. （两样物）
用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体， 如:bread and butter（黄油抹面包）， knife and frk（刀叉）等作主语时， 谓语动词用单数。
3. 不定式（短语）， 动名词（短语）， 或从句作主语时， 谓语动词用单数. 如:
Serving the peple is my great happiness.
为人民服务是我最大的幸福.
When we’ll g ut fr an uting has been decided.
我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。
4. 用连接的并列主语被each， every 或n修饰时， 谓语动词用单数.
Every by and every girl likes t g swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳.
N teacher and n student was absent frm the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席.
Each man and （each） wman is asked t help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。
5. each f + 复数代词， 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词+each， 谓语动词用单数.如:
Each f us has smething t say. 我们每个人都有话要说。
6. 若主语中有mre than ne 或many a/an ， 尽管从意义上看是复数， 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。 但mre+复数名词+than ne做主语时， 谓语动词仍用复数. 如:
Many a by likes playing basketball. 许多男生都喜欢打篮球.
Mre than ne student was late. 不只一个学生迟到
Mre persns than ne cme t help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。
7. nne 做主语时，谓语动词可用单数， 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数，因而谓语动词要用单数. 如:
Nne f us are （is） perfect. 人无完人。
Nne f this wrries me. 这事一点不使我着急。
8. 名词如: trusers， scissrs， clthes， gds， glasses 等作主语时， 谓语动词必须用复数. 如:
His clthes are gd. 但这些名词前若出现 a pair f ， 谓语一般用单数.如:
A pair f glasses is n the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。
9. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics， mathematics， ecnmics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Night <天方夜谈>; 以及The United Natins<联合国> 等作主语时， 谓语动词用单数。
10. “a +名词+and a half “， “ne and a half + 名词”， “the number f + 名词” 等作主语时， 谓语动词要用单数. 如:
Only ne and a half apples is left n the table.
注意: ne r tw + 复数名词作主语， 谓语动词用复数形式， 如:
One r tw places have been visited. 参观了一两个地点。
（二） 内容一致原则:
1. 主语中有all， half， mst， the rest等， 以及”分数或百分数+名词”做主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词.如:
The rest f the bikes are n sale tday. 剩下的自行车， 今天出售。
60%f the apple was eaten by little by. 这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。
Mst f the apples were rtten. 大部分的苹果都是烂的。
Mst f the apple was eaten by a rat. 这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了。
2. 不定数量的词组， 如:part f ， a lt f ， lts f ， ne f ， a number f ， plenty f等作主语时， 谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如:
A part f the textbks have arrived. 一小部分教科书已运到。
A part f the apple has been eaten up by the pig. 这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。
3. 加减乘除用单数.如:
Fifteen minus five is ten . 15减去5等于10。
4. 表示时间， 金钱， 距离， 度量等的名词做主语时， 尽管是复数形式， 它们做为一个单一的概念时， 其谓语动词用单数.如:
Ten miles is a gd distance. 十英里是一个相当的距离。
5. （1） 通常作复数的集体名词. 包括plice ， peple， cattle 等， 这些集体名词通常用作复数.如:
The British plice have nly very limited pwers.
（2） 通常作不可数名词的集体名词. 包括equipment， furniture， clthing， luggage 等.
（3） 可作单数也可作复数的集体名词. 包括 audience， cmmittee， gvernment， family， enemy， grup， party， team， public 等.如:
The cmmittee has/have decided t dismiss him. 委员会决定解雇他。
6. the +形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物， 作主语时， 谓语动词用复数.如:
The injured were saved after the fire.
（三） 就近原则
1. 由here， there， where 等引导的倒装句中， （有时主语不止一个时）谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.如:
Here cmes the bus 公共汽车来了.
Here is a pen and sme pieces f paper fr yu. 给你一支钢笔和几张纸。
Where is yur wife and children t stay while yu are away?
你不在这儿的时候， 你爱人和孩子在哪儿呆呢？
2. 用连词r， r， neither….nr， nt nly….but als 等连接的并列主语， 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。 如：
Neither the students nr the teacher knws anything abut it 学生和老师都不知道这事.
He r yu have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的钢笔。
注意: ne f +复数名词+wh/that/which 引导的定语从句中， 定语从句的动词为复数。如：
Mary is ne f thse peple wh keep pets. 玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。
The nly ne f +复数名词+ wh/that./which 引导的定语从句中，定语从句的动词应为单数。
Mary is the nly ne f thse peple wh keeps pets. 玛丽是唯一一个饲养宠物的人。
主谓一致练习
1. Abut 60 percent f the students _____ frm the suth， the rest f them _____ frm the nrth and freign cuntries.
A. are/is B. are/are C. is/are D. are
2. Half f the wrkers here _____ under 30 _____.
A. is/years B. are/year ld C. is/years ld D. are/years f age
3. Nw Tm with his classmates _____ ftball n the playgrund.
A. play B. are playing C. plays D. is playing
4. The number f pages in this dictinary _____ abut tw thusand.
A. are B. has C. have D. is
5. Thirty dllars _____ t expensive.
A. are B. is C. were D. be
6. The audience _____ s large that n seat was left unccupied in the great hall.
A. is B. are C. was D. has
7. The secretary and principal _____ at the meeting nw.
A. are speaking B. is speaking C. were making a speech D. have a speech
8. "If anybdy _____， please put dwn _____ name，" said the teacher t the mnitr.
A. wants t buy the bk/his B. want t buy the bk/their
C. will buy the bk/ne's D. wants t have the bk bught/her
9. Nthing but ne desk and six chairs _____ in the rm.
A. are B. is stayed C. is D. are left
11. Between the tw rads _____ a TV twer called "Skyscraper Twer".
A. stands B. standing C. which stands D. stand
12. Either f yu _____ ging there tnight.
A. will B. was C. is D. are
13. Yu as well _____ right.
A. I are B. I am C. as I am D. as I are
14. All but Dick _____ in Class Three this term.
A. are B. is C. were D. was
16. Where t get the materials and hw t get them _____ at the meeting.
A. have nt discussed B. have nt been discussed
C. has nt discussed D. has nt been discussed
17. I tk mathematics and physics because I think that _____ very imprtant fr me t make further research in this field.
A. what is B. they are C. this D. which are
18. Every student and every teacher _____.
A. are ging t attend the meeting B. have attended the meeting
C. has attended the meeting D. is attended the meeting
19. Three furths f the bread _____ by Bb， and the rest f the bread _____ left n the table.
A. was eaten/were B. were eaten/was C. were eaten/were D. was eaten/was
20. This pair f shes _____.
A. is her B. is hers C. are hers D. are her
21.There ______ n life n the mn.
A. is said t have B. are said t have C. is said t be D. are said t be
22.A grup f ______ are eating ______ and ______ at the ft f the hill
A. sheep; grass; leaves B. sheeps grasses leaves
C. sheep; grass leaf D. sheeps grass leafs
23.My family raise a lt f _______， including tw______.
A. cattles cws B. cws cattle C. cattle cws D. cw， cattles
24.What he says and what he des_______.
A. des nt agree B. d nt agree C. des nt agree with D. nt agree
25.The by and the girl each ______ tys.
A. have their wn B. has their wn C. have her wn D. has her wn
26.She is the nly ne amng the ______ writers wh ______stries fr children.
A. wman， writes B. wmen write C. wmen writes D. wman write
27.The railway statin is ______frm ur schl.
A. tw hur`s drive B. tw hurs` drive C. tw hur drive D. tw hurs drive
28.Mike and Jhn`s ______.
A. father is a teacher B. fathers are teachers
C. father are teachers D. fathers are teacher
29.A great deal f talking and listening that ______ under casual circumstance may seem t be aimless.
A. is ccurred B. are ccurred C. ccurs D. ccur
30._______ the classrm needs t be cleaned.
A. Either the ffices r B. The ffices and
C. Bth the ffice and D. The ffice and
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