2022年高考英语语法--现在完成时学案
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这是一份2022年高考英语语法--现在完成时学案,共7页。
现在完成时是初中的重要时态,今天我们一起来学习下,内容很详细,各位老师可以直接使用。
现在完成时的构成
现在完成时由“have(has)+过去分词”构成。has 用于主语是第三人称单数时。(过去分词的构成P122—123中“动词的基本形式”)
①I have just finished my hmewrk. 我刚做完功课
②I have lived in Guangzhu fr mre than three years. 我已经在广州住了三年多了。
③My sister has seen the mvie many times. 那部电影我姐姐看过好多次了。
现在完成时的否定句和疑问句的构成。
否定句:主语+have /has +nt+过去分词+其他.
说明:have和has常与nt 缩写成haven't 和hasn't .
①I haven't seen much f him recently 最近我没怎么见到他。
②He hasn't been t Japan.他没有去过日本。
一般疑问句: Have /Has +主语+过去分词+其它?
肯定回答: Yes.主语+have /has.
否定回答: N,主语+have /has nt。
③—Have yu finished yur hmewrk ? 你已经做完家庭作业了吗?
–Yes, I have (N, I haven't ) 是的 。(不,还没有)
④–-Has he passed the test yet ? 他考试及格了吗
—-Yes, he has . (N , he hasn't ) 是的。(不,没及格)
巩固练习:
The bus hasn't arrived yet. (改成肯定句)The bus ________ _______ __________.
I have watched the interesting film recently. (改成一般疑问句)
______ yu ________ the interesting films recently?
I have already had my breakfast. (改为否定句)I ________ had my breakfast ______.
I have already finished ding my hmewrk. (改为一般疑问句)
_____ ________ finished ding yur hmewrk ________?
She has already wrked ut that difficult math prblem. (改为否定句)
She _________ wrked ut that difficult prblem __________.
现在完成时的基本用法
现在完成时有两个主要用法,“已完成”用法和“未完成”用法。
现在完成时的“已完成”用法
“已完成”用法指动作或过程发生在说话之前某个不明确的时间,现在已经完成,但后果或影响至今仍然存在。其重点就是着眼于现在,强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和后果。
现在完成时常与表示不确定的时间状语连用,如:yet, just, befre , recently ,nce ,lately 等,也同表示频率副词连用,如:ften ,nce ,ever ,never等。
① I've frgtten his telephne number.我忘记他的电话号码。(表示现在没法跟他联系)
② He has already given up smking .他已经戒烟了。(表示现在已经不抽烟了)
③ Hw many times have yu been t Beijing ?他去过北京几次? (与表示频率的状语连用)
现在完成时的“未完成”用法。
“未完成”用法是指它可以表示开始于过去持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态。这一用法与“已完成”的用法主要区别在于它通常都要与表示一段时间的状语连用。常用的表示时间的状语有:fr…..,since…(自从…),s far (到目前为止)等。如:①We have received n news frm her fr 2years .两年了,我们没有她的一点消息。
②She has taught us since I came t this schl.从我来学校开始她就一直教我们。
使用现在完成时应注意的情况
瞬间动词(也叫点动词,非延续性动词或终止性动词)表示的动作有一个终点,到了终点就不能再延续,因此不能与表示一段时间的时间状语(如fr短语,since短语等)连用,但是可以与表示非持续的时间状语连用。如:
His father has died fr three years . ( )
【die(死)为瞬间动词,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用
①他父亲去世已经三年了。 His father died three years ag . ( )
【可以与表示非持续性的时间状语连用
I have bught the bk fr a week . ( )
【buy(买)为瞬间动词,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用
②这本书我买了一个星期了。 I bught the bk a week ag . ( )
【可以与表示非延续性的时间状语连用
表示时间段的时间状语时,可以将瞬间动词变为同义的延续性或表状态的动词(短语)。所以,上面两例还可以分别表示为:
③His father has been dead fr three years . {be dead (死的)表状态}
④I have had the bk fr a week . {have(拥有)表延续性动作}
常见的瞬间动词可以转换成表延续状态的词有如下一些:
die —–be dead leave / g—–be away (frm) cme /g back—-be back
buy—–have brrw——-keep make friends—be friends
pen—-be pen fall asleep—be asleep marry—–be married
begin /start —be n finish——-be ver get ready —-be ready
arrive/ get t /reach /cme—–be in / be at /stay
jin (the Party)—–be a (Party) member / be in (the Party )
如果出现一段时间时,同时又要保留非延续性动词,则可以用“It is +时间+since+一般过去的句子“句型改写。如上面的句①和句②可以分别表示为:
① It is three years since his father died. ②It is a week since I bught the bk
Fr+一段时间 ,since+过去的时间
巩固练习:用fr, since, ag填空。
Sally has been away frm Lndn ________ last Saturday.
Our schl has changed a lt ________ the new building was built.
Tmmy has had this mtrcycle ________ three years.
I have been in Nanjing ________ eight years.
My parents has been married since twenty years ________.
My cusin jined the army three mnths ________.
同义句转换
1) They brrwed it last week. They ____ ______it since ______ _______.
I bught a pen tw hurs ag. I ______ ______a pen fr ______ _______.
He has gne t Beijing. He _____ ______ ______ Beijing fr tw days.
4)He jined the league in 2002.
He _____ ______ a _________ ______ the ________ fr tw years.
My grandpa died in 2002. My grandpa _______ _____ ______fr _______ ________.
6)The shp clsed tw hurs ag.
The shp _______ ________ ______ fr ________ _________.
7)The dr pened at six in the mrning.
The dr ________ ________ ________ fr six hurs.
如现在完成时的谓语动词是瞬间动词的否定式,则一般可以和表示一段时间的fr短语连用。因为瞬间动词的否定式构成一种状态,而状态是可以持续的。
① We haven't met him fr a lng time .我已经好久没遇到他了。{表示“没见到”这一状态}
② The ld man hasn't left hme fr a mnth .那位老人已经有一个月未出门了。(表示“足不出户”
have (has )been t 与have (has) gne t have (has)been in
have (has) been t 表示“去过某地”,指曾经有过或没有过的一种经历。说话时已从该地回来或已从该地去了其他地方。可以同nce,ften,never,ever, many times 等连用。
have(has )gne t 表示“去某地了”,指说话时某人已不在此地。在去某地的途中或已在某地。所以一般来说此结构只用于主语是第三人称时。
试比较:
She has gne t Shanghai . 她去北京了(表示她人此刻不在这,在北京的途中或已在北京)
She went t Shanghai a year ag 她去过北京。(表示她到过北京这一经历)
have (has) been in 表示“已在某地(待了多久)若该地为小地方,则in需要用at代替,当后面跟副词时只用have been,其后不可以用任何介词。
① The Greens have been in China fr tw years .
② LiLei's aunt has been at this schl fr tw years.
③The Greens are in China nw. They have been here fr a half a year.
巩固练习 :用have(has) been 或have(has) gne 填空。
A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________?B: He ____________ t Hainan Island.
A: Hw lng _______ he __________ there? B: He _____________ there fr three days.
A: When will he cme back, d yu knw? B: I'm afraid he wn't cme back recently.
A: Culd yu tell me the way t Hainan Island?
B: Srry, I _________ never ___________ there.
A: Hw many times ___________ Li Fei __________ t that place?
B: He _____________ there nly nce.
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