6.宾语从句 课件-【百强校】新疆乌鲁木齐市第一中学2021届高三英语语法知识点复习

这是一份6.宾语从句 课件-【百强校】新疆乌鲁木齐市第一中学2021届高三英语语法知识点复习，共57页。PPT课件主要包含了本节内容概述，动词宾语从句，介词宾语从句，形容词宾语从句，直接引语和间接引语，巩固练习，本节内容小结等内容，欢迎下载使用。
在复合句中充当宾语的从句，称为宾语从句。（the bject clause）□动词宾语从句□介词宾语从句□形容词宾语从句□直接引语和间接引语
动词宾语从句既可以出现在作谓语的及物动词或动词短语的后面，也可以出现在非限定动词的后面。例如： We must make sure that ther peple utside ur village dn't pick up this terrible disease. Hearing what he said, I grew exasperated. 引导动词宾语从句的联系词有从属连词 that, whether/if, whether ... r ...,它们只起连接作用，在句中不作任何成分；连接代词 what, whatever, which, whichever, wh/whm, whse, whever/ whmever, 它们除起连接作用外，在从句中还能作主语、宾语、定语或表语；连接副词 hw, when, where, why 在从句中除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当状语。
一. that 引导的宾语从句 that 本身在从句中没有实际意义。例句如下： The ntice said （that）ticket-hlders were asked t be in their seats by 8.*在否定词 + dubt/deny/questin 等词之后，用 but (that) 来代替 that , 此时的 but 无实义。例如： I dn't dubt but that yu are surprised. 译：我敢断定你是感到吃惊了。 I dn't deny but that is difficult. 译：我不否认这是件困难的事。 I dn't questin but yu are crrect. 译：我不怀疑你是正确的。
一. that 引导的宾语从句*引导宾语从句的 that 通常可省略。* that 引导的宾语从句，如果跟宾语补足语连用构成复合宾语时，通常是先用形式宾语 it 代替，而将宾语从句移至宾语补足语之后。例如： He made it clear that Aswan High Dam was cmpleted in 1970. I think it best that yu shuld stay here.*少数动词（have, take, we 等）以及“不及物动词 + 介词”构成的短语动词，没有宾语补足语，也可以用 it 来作形式宾语。例句见下页。
一. that 引导的宾语从句 He will have it that ur plan is impracticable. 译：他会声称我们的计划是不切实际的。 I take it (that) the train was late. 译：我认为火车晚点了。 He wed it t his first teacher that he had a gd prnunciatin. I leave it t yur wn judgement whether yu shuld d it. Yu may depend n it (that) they are valuable. I put it t yu whether that's the best slutin t the prblem. See t it that yu are nt late again. 译：千万注意别再迟到了。 The reprt has it that he is alive. 译：报道说他还活着。 We may rely n it that he will be there. 译：我们可以相信他会去那里。
一. that 引导的宾语从句* that 引导表示愿望、感叹等的从句，主句通常可以省略。例如： That I culd g with yu! That he shuld d such things!* 当主句的谓语是 believe, expect, imagine, think, suppse, guess（均为表示主观看法的动词）时，如果从句的位于是否定意义，通常把否定词 nt 移到主句中。这种语言现象称为“否定转移”。例如： I dn't suppse it is true. 译：我认为这不是真的。但在过去时态中，从句的否定不必转移。例如： I thught he was nt right.
二. whether/if 引导的宾语从句 whether/if 意为“是否”。例如： I dubt whether he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。 I dn't knw if yu can help me. 我不知道你能否帮助我。* if 引导宾语从句时一般不与 nt 连用。
三. whether ... r ... 引导的宾语从句 whether ... r ... 意为“是还是”。例如： Please tell me whether this is true r nt. She was t tell him whether r nt she wuld g away with him.四. what 引导的宾语从句 what 意为“什么，所的”。例如： I d nt knw what causes the truble.（主语） I want t tell yu what I hear.（宾语） Have yu decided what music yu'd like us t play at the party?（定语）
五. whatever 引导的宾语从句 whatever 意为“凡是的”。例如： I will d whatever yu wish.（宾语） I'll just say whatever cmes int my head.（主语）六. which 引导的宾语从句 which 意为“哪个/些”。例如： The editr decides which article will be n the frnt page.（主语） Ask him which he wants.（宾语） Let me knw which train yu'll be arriving n.（定语）
七. whichever 引导的宾语从句 whichever 意为“无论哪个/些”。例如： Buy whichever is cheapest.（主语） Yu may take whichever bk will interest yu.（定语）八. wh/whm 引导的宾语从句 wh/whm 意为“谁”。例如： I asked him wh came int this rm.（主语） Please tell me wh that girl is standing ver there.（表语） I dn't knw wh(m) yu mean.（宾语）* wh 可用来代替 whm，但紧跟介词之后只能用whm。
九. whse 引导的宾语从句 whse 意为“谁的”。例如： I asked him whse bag was stlen.（定语） She had demanded t knw whse the child was.（表语）十. whever/whmever 引导的宾语从句 whever/whmever 意为“任何...的人”。例如： We invited whever had helped us.（主语） The manager gave whmever he had cperated with a winning smile.（宾语） 译：对每一个曾经与他合作的人经理都给以动人的一笑。
十一. hw 引导的宾语从句 hw 意为“怎样，的方法”。例如： The teacher tld us hw we shuld prepare ur lessns. *有时 hw 用来修饰形容词或副词，表示程度，仍可用作连接副词。 例如：Tell me hw ld he is.十二. when 引导的宾语从句 when 意为“什么时候，的时候”。例如： D yu knw when we shall have a meeting? I dn't knw when he came. He des nt mentin in his letter when he will cme.
十三. where 引导的宾语从句 where 意为“什么地方，的地方”。例如： He cannt remember where he left his glasses. He culdn't make ut where the sund came frm. Hey, lk where yu are ging.十四. why 引导的宾语从句 why 意为“为什么，的原因”。例如： I asked him why he was late.
十五*.宾语补足语从句少数要求复合宾语的及物动词，如 call, find, make, name 等，后面常用 as, as if, what, whatever 等引导一个从句，称为宾语补足语从句（bject cmplement clause）。例如： Yu can call me what(ever) yu like. 译：你喜欢叫我什么就叫我什么。 I fund him as I had left him. 译：我发觉他和我以前离开他时一样。 Her mther made her what she is. 译：她母亲使她成为现在这样的人。 Yu’d better leave it as it is. 译：你最好别动它（保持原样不动）。 I fund him as if he were rich. 译：我发现他好像发了财似的。
顾名思义，介词宾语从句基本形式为“介词 + 引导词”。从属连词 whether, that 在句中只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分；连接代词 what, whatever, which, whichever, wh/whm, whse, wh(m)ever 除了起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语等。连接副词 hw, when, where, why 除了起连接作用外，还在从句中作状语。
一. whether 引导的介词宾语从句 whether/ 意为“是否”。例如： I wrry abut whether I hurt her feelings. It's a questin f whether we can find the necessary mney.* if 不用于引导介词宾语从句。二. that 引导的介词宾语从句 that 本身在从句中没有实际意义。例句如下： It will d except that it is t lng. 译：这行，只是太长了。 I culd say nthing but that I was s srry. 译：我只能说我很抱歉。 He differed frm ther peple in that always lked further ahead in his wrk. 译：他与别人的不同之处在于他在工作中比别人总是看的远些。
二. that 引导的介词宾语从句* that 只限于在 except, but, in, save（=except）少数几个介词后引导从句，词典上常把 except that（除了，只是），in that（在于这一点上），but that（除了）作为固定词组看待。某些语法学家把其后的从句看作状语从句。*大部分介词只有在插入 it, in fact 后，才能跟 that 从句作同位语。如： Yu may rely n it that everything will be ready n Mnday. Everything pints t the fact that he is a cheat.
三. what 引导的介词宾语从句 what 意为“什么，所的”。例如： We argued abut what was t be dne.（主语） We hnured him fr what he is, nt fr what he has.（表语，宾语） This reminded me f what it was.（表语）四. whatever 引导的介词宾语从句 whatever 意为“凡是的，无论什么”。例如： He talked abut whatever came t his mind.（主语） Yu can g n whatever day yu wish.（定语）
五. which 引导的介词宾语从句 which 意为“哪个/些”。例如： We argued abut which is the best.（主语）六. whichever 引导的介词宾语从句 whichever 意为“随便哪个/些”。例如： I will give it t whichever if yu wants it.（主语）七. wh/whm 引导的介词宾语从句 wh/whm 意为“谁”。例如： We shuld think abut wh/whm we shuld invite t the cnference.（宾语） The judges were deciding n wh wuld be the winner.（主语）
八. whse 引导的介词宾语从句 whse 意为“谁的”。例如： We were uncertain f whse bicycle it was.（定语）九. wh(m)ever 引导的介词宾语从句 wh(m)ever 意为“谁，一切的人 ”。例如： The mney shuld g t whever needs it mst.（主语） Yu must give it back t whmever it belng t.（宾语）
十. hw 引导的介词宾语从句 hw 意为“怎样，的方法”。例如： Grup the infinitives accrding t hw they are used. *如下句子中，hw 用于修饰形容词或副词，仍用作连接副词。 We argue abut hw much time I spend playing cmputer games.十一. when 引导的介词宾语从句 when 意为“什么时候，的时候 ”。例如： They had a heated discussin n when they shuld make the experiment. He is never crss, except when he is ill.
十二. where 引导的介词宾语从句 where 意为“什么地方，的地方”。例如： They walked ver t where she sat. He came quite clse t where I was hiding.十三. why 引导的介词宾语从句 why 意为“为什么，的原因 ”。例如： They have a discussin abut why yur car is the best. There is prbably an explanatin fr why yur huse is s dirty.
* “动词 + 介词”、“动词 + 副词 + 介词”和“动词 + 名词 + 介词”等短语动词后面所接的宾语从句，一般看作动词宾语从句，也可看作介词宾语从句。例如：They lked up, then carried n with what they were ding. Take care f what yu are ding.但需注意，这类短语动词在跟宾语从句时，介词一般必须略去。比较下列句子： I insist n his ging with me. I insist that he shuld g with me. I reminded him f his prmise. I reminded him that he has prmised. I've heard f yur brther's arrival. I've heard that yur brther has arrived. I dn't care abut yur ging. I dn't care whether yu will g r nt.
I insist n his ging with me. I insist that he shuld g with me. I reminded him f his prmise. I reminded him that he has prmised. I've heard f yur brther's arrival. I've heard that yur brther has arrived. I dn't care abut yur ging. I dn't care whether yu will g r nt. 有些如上所示例句中的这类动词引导的宾语从句时，略去介词；跟 what 引导的宾语从句时，保留或略去介词。例如： Take care（that）yu dn't break it. 译：小心你别把它打碎了。 Take care f what yu are ding. 译：小心你在做的事情。 It depends n what yu mean. 译：这要根据你的意思来定。
一些表示思想状态或感情色彩的形容词常和一定的介词连用，后接宾语。而当这些形容词后接 that 引导的从句作宾语时，则不用介词（that 有时也可省略）；跟 wh, hwever, whether 等引导的从句时，从句前可用介词，但常省略。这类形容词常见的有 afraid, angry, anxius, careful, certain, cntent, curius, delighted, disappinted, excited, glad, happy, hpeful, interested, lucky, pleased, prud, satisfied, srry, sure, surprised, thankful, wrried 等。
分析以下例句： I am afraid that it is ging t rain. We are anxius that he (shuld) d his bit. Be careful hw yu start the machine. We felt curius hw he wuld receive the suggestin. He is srry fr what he has dne. If yu are always cntent with what yu have, yu will always feel happy. I'm nt quite sure (abut) where this ught t g.* 也有少数其它形容词可以跟宾语从句。例如： The stry is different frm what yu tld me yesterday. The sales are nw duble what they were 10 years ag.
直接引述别人的原话，称为直接引语（the direct speech）；用自己的话转述别人的话，称为间接引语（the indirect speech）。本节我们主要围绕直接引语与间接引语的转换进行讲解。一.陈述句的间接引语直接引语是陈述句时，成为一个由连词 that 引起的宾语从句。同时，原句的人称、时态、指示代词、状语和句型等都要做相应的变化。 that 一般情况下可省略；但间接引语部分如果不是以人称代词开头，而是以其他词开头，则不能省略。例如： She said that a great many place names in the States were Spanish. She said (that) she didn't have any mre tapes.
一.陈述句的间接引语1. 人称的变化：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果直接引语中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，变为宾语从句时，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化；“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若直接引语中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰,变为宾语从句时，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称；“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，变为宾语从句时，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。
一.陈述句的间接引语1.人称的变化：* 有时为了避免意思不清，需要用名词来代替人称代词。例如： The garage-wner said t Mr. Smith, “I think yur car is ready, sir.”→ He tld him that he thught that his car was ready.（×）→ The garage-wner tld Mr. Smith that he thught that the latter's car was ready.（√）
一.陈述句的间接引语2.时态的变化：直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。具体讲，就是后退一步，即“现在”变成“过去”。主要有（1） 一般现在时 → 一般过去时 （2） 现在进行时 → 过去进行时（3） 一般将来时 →过去将来时 （4） 现在完成时 → 过去完成时 （5） 一般过去时 → 过去完成时 （6） 过去完成时 → 过去完成时（7）过去进行时 → 过去完成进行时。这些变化的前提是直接引语的引述句中谓语动词是过去时态。
一.陈述句的间接引语观察以下例句：“It is time fr us t g hme,” said Gerge.→ Gerge said it was time fr them t g hme.“I am waiting fr Ann,” he said.→ He said that he was waiting fr Ann.“I have fund a flat,” he said.→ He said that he had fund a flat.“I tk it hme with me,” she said.→ She said that she had taken it hme with her.
一.陈述句的间接引语观察以下例句：She said, “we were thinking f selling the huse but we have decided nt t.”→ She said that they had been thinking f selling the huse said, “When the bell rang Henry had nt finished his lessns.”→ Jhn said that when the bell rang Henry had nt finished his lessns.He said, “I will be in Paris n Mnday.”→ He said he wuld be in Paris n Mnday.
一.陈述句的间接引语***关于时态转换的易错点☞ 下列情况，现在时（一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时）不变。（1）直接引语所述为客观真理、习惯行为等。（2）转述仍在进行的谈话，仍在继续的动作，读信件、指示并加以转述，或转述某人经常说的话。例如： -Where are yu ging? -What did yu say? -I said where yu are ging.（3）*现代英语为了表示说话的实际情况，人们常常独立地使用从句谓语动词的时态而不受主句动词时态的影响，即不讲“时态呼应”。例如： He said he lives in New Yrk.（现在仍住在纽约）
一.陈述句的间接引语***关于时态转换的易错点☞ 对于一般过去时 → 过去完成时这一规则，be 动词基本不适用。仍使用一般过去时。☞ 在口语中，在不致引起误解的情况下， 特别是在句中带表示确定的过去时间的状语时，一般过去时也可不改。例如： He said, “Ann arrived n Mnday.” → He said that Ann arrived n Mnday.☞ 与时间状语从句连用的带过去进行时的句子，或是过去进行时本身用在时间状语从句中，它们变为间接引语时，时态也不改变。例如： He said， “When I saw them they were playing tennis.”→ He said when he saw them they were playing tennis. He said, “When we were living in Paris we ften see Paul.”→ He said when they were living in Paris we ften saw/had ften seen Paul.
一.陈述句的间接引语3. 指示代词、地点状语和动词的变化eg: My mther said, “We will arrive here.”→ My mther said they wuld leave there.
一.陈述句的间接引语4. 时间状语的变化
一.陈述句的间接引语☞ 有时是否要作指示代词、状语和动词的变化、怎样变化，要根据情况而定。如在当地转述，则 here 不必变为 there；如在当天转述，则 tday, tnight 等也不必改变。☞ 情态动词的改变比较复杂。一般是 can 变为 culd；may 变为 might；只有一种形式的情态动词 must, need, ught, shuld, wuld, used t 不作改变。若 must 表示“必须”，则可改为 had t, needn't 可改为 didn't have t。原是过去式的 culd, might 在间接引语中也不变。
一.陈述句的间接引语☞ demand, beg, ask, insist 等作引述动词时，后面常用动词不定式短语或动名词短语，而不用 that 从句。比较： “We want t g,” the students said. → The students said (that) they wanted t g. → The students demanded/begged/asked/wanted t g. → The students insisted n ging/asked fr permissin t g/requested permissin t g.
一.陈述句的间接引语☞ 直接引语变为间接引语时，除了 say 常改为 tell 外，另外一些引述动词也必须改变。例如： The guard shuted, “The rad is blcked.” → The guard annunced with a lud vice that the rad was blcked. “What is this?” cried the by. → The by asked in surprise what that was.
二.疑问句的间接引语转述疑问句除了要遵守陈述句的间接引语的变换规则外，还应把直接引语中的疑问语序变为陈述语序，句末改为句号。不同类型的疑问句转换时有不同的要求。（1）在转换一般疑问句和反意疑问句时，通常将它们改成由 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句。例如： I said, “Des he really mean it?” → I wnder whether/if he really meant it. “They live in grups dn't they?” he asked. → He asked (me) whether/if they lived in grups.
二.疑问句的间接引语（2）在转述选择疑问句时，通常将他们改成由 whether 引导的宾语从句。主机的谓语动词应用 ask, wnder 等；有时还要适当添加间接宾语。例如： “Is this bk yurs r his, Lucy?” Mary asked. → Mary asked Lucy whether that bk was hers r his.（3）在转述特殊疑问句时，通常只将他们改成由疑问词引出的宾语从句。例如： “What d yu want?” he asked me. → He asked me what I wanted.
二.疑问句的间接引语☞ 有些疑问句主要用来表示请求、劝告、建议等，改为间接引语时，通常改用其他形式。例如： “Shall we meet at the theatre?” he said. → He suggested meeting at the theatre.☞ 有些句型类似，但表达意思不同，改为间接引语的方式也不同。比较： “Wuld yu like t live in New Yrk?” he said.（询问） → He asked me if I wuld like t live in New Yrk. “Wuld yu like t cme rund fr a walk?” he said.（邀请） → He invited me (t cme) rund fr a walk.☞ “What's the matter?” （怎么了）改为间接引语时，语序不变。
三.祈使句的间接引语转述祈使句时，通常将原句中的动词原形变为不定式，并在不定式前面加上 advise, ask, beg, rder, remind, tell, warn 等引述动词，构成“动词 + 宾语 + 不定式”这样带复合宾语的结构。祈使句若为否定句，则在不定式前加 nt。例如： Sally said angrily, “Dn't make s much nise, bys.” → Sally warned the bys nt t make s much nise.
三.祈使句的间接引语☞ 在转述 Let's 开头的表示建议、劝告等含义的祈使句时，可以用“suggest/say + that 从句”，也可以用“suggest ding sth.”的结构。例如： He said, “Let's stay here till the strm has passed.” → He suggested that we shuld stay/suggested ur staying there till the strm had passed.☞ 在 suggest, insist, demand, shut, cry 等动词后，常用 that 引导的宾语从句转述原来的祈使句。如： “Be quiet, ” he suggested, “and then yu will hear it.” → He suggested that they shuld be quiet and then they wuld hear it.
四.感叹句的间接引语感叹句很少变为间接引语。如果必须转述，通常换成其他词语来表达原句的意义和情感。例如： “What a lvely garden!” the man said. → The man remarked with admiratin what a lvely garden it was. “Alas!” he said, “the bk is ut f print.” → He said with regret that the bk was ut f print. “Gdness me!” he said, “what a lt f wrk yu have dne!” → He expressed cnsiderable surprise that I had dne such a lt f wrk.
四.感叹句的间接引语☞ 一些招呼语、告别语、祝贺语等改为间接引语，要换上适当的词语。例如：“Yes/N, ” he said. → He agreed/refused. She said t him, “Hw d yu d?” → She greeted him. He said t them, “Gd night!” → He wished them gd night. The ntice said: WELCOME TO WALES! → The ntice welcmed visitrs t Wales. He said, “Thank yu./Gd luck!” → He thanked me./He wished me gd luck.
五.虚拟语气的间接引语直接引语中的动词虚拟式，变为间接引语时一般仍用原来的形式。例如： “I insist that yu give up smking,” said the dctr. → The dctr insisted that I give up smking.但如果虚拟语气变为间接引语时，时间关系发生改变，这时动词的形式也要作相应的变化。例如： “If he were here tday, he wuld ask yu t d it, ” she said. → She said if he had been here that day, he wuld have asked me t d it.
翻译：（以下所有句子引述动词均为过去式）1. 她生平第一次对世界之大获得清楚印象。 Fr the first time in her life she gained a clear idea f (impressin n) hw vast the wrld is.2. 我不否认他曾经是个伪君子（hypcrite），但他如今一副坦坦荡荡（magnanimus）的模样真的让人心生怀疑。 I dn't deny that he was a hypcrite in the past, hwever, with a magnanimus lk, he really aruses ther's suspicin n him.
翻译：（以下所有句子引述动词均为过去式）3. 他曾经说过到2019年底他将已高中毕业，但是如今他成了一名复读生（return student）。 He nce said he wuld have graduated frm senir high schl by the end f 2019, but nw, he has becme a return student.4. 他说如果她那天来参加聚会，他就一定会向她吐露衷情。 He said that if she had been t the party, he wuld have cnfessed his affectin fr her.
动词宾语从句介词宾语从句形容词宾语从句直接引语和间接引语