人教版新高考英语二轮复习课件--冠词、代词和介词

这是一份人教版新高考英语二轮复习课件--冠词、代词和介词
核心语法必备专题四　冠词、代词和介词英 语2022高中总复习优化设计GAO ZHONG ZONG FU XI YOU HUA SHE JI内容索引要点精讲•破疑解难　对点演练•精准提升要点精讲•破疑解难　重点一　冠词考点1　不定冠词a/an的用法　 1.a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前, an用在以元音音素开头的单词前, 如:an honest man, a university2.泛指 “一个”, 如: an English lecture, a professor3.表示类别, 指一类人或物4.表示 “(每)一个”, 相当于per, each, every5.表示 “某一个人或物”, 相当于some或a certain, 如: a Mr Green6.用于固定短语中, 如: as a rule, in a way, in a hurry, in a moment考点2　定冠词the的用法　 1.用于特指、双方都知道的或上文提到的人或物2.用于单数可数名词前表示一类人或物3.用于表示独一无二的事物的名词前4.用于形容词或副词的最高级前5.用于序数词前表示顺序6.用于乐器名词前、姓氏的复数前(表示全家人或夫妇)、表示年代的名词前, 如: the Browns, in the 1970s7.用于某些形容词或分词前表示一类人或物, 如: the rich, the unemployed8.用于某些江、河、海、洋、海湾、山脉、群岛等专有名词前, 如: the Yangtze River9.用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前, 如: the History Museum, the Middle East10.用于固定短语中, 如: on the right, at the age of, on the whole, in the long run考点3　不用冠词的情况　 1.不可数名词或复数名词表示泛指时不用冠词2.物质名词或抽象名词前不用冠词, 如: water, luck3.有些专有名词(人名、国家、城市、街道、山峰、湖泊等)前不用冠词, 如: China, Qingdao, Mount Tai4.表示季节、月份、星期以及节日、假日的名词前不用冠词, 但特指季节、日期和传统中国节日时多使用定冠词, 如: the Spring Festival, the spring of Beijing5.表示三餐、球类或棋类运动等的名词前不用冠词6.表示学科、语言的名词前不用冠词7.表示职位、头衔、称呼的名词做表语、宾语补足语或同位语时不用冠词8.在表示使用某种交通工具的by词组中, 交通工具名称之前通常不用冠词, 如: by taxi, by ship, by bike9.在 “名词+and+名词” 和 “名词+介词+名词” 形式的习语中, 名词前通常不用冠词, 如: face to face, hand in hand10.在某些固定短语中不用冠词, 如: at home and abroad, in debt重点二　代词考点1　人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的功能和形式　  考点2　反身代词的习惯用法 考点3　it的用法　 1.it的基本用法2.it做形式主语或形式宾语的常用句型 3.it的常用短语或句型(1)When it comes to learning English, reading widely is of great importance. 当谈到学习英语, 广泛阅读很重要。(2)You can count on/rely on/depend on it that he will help you out. 你可以相信他能帮助你摆脱困境。(3)We finally made it to the airport though it was rainy.尽管下雨, 但是我们最终及时赶到了机场。(4)As someone puts it, practice makes perfect.正如某人所说, 熟能生巧。(5)Please see to it that you fasten the safety belt when driving. 开车时请确保系好安全带。(6)I take it that you don’t agree with the manager. 我想你不同意经理的意见。(7)It is/has been three years since he joined the army.他参军三年了。(8)It was three years before he returned home.过了三年他才回家。考点4　不定代词　 1.other, others, the other/others, another2.one(s), that, those在文中为避免重复, one(s), that, those等都可以用来代替上文出现的名词。3.both, all, either, any, neither, none 4.something, anything, nothing 提示固定搭配: anything but(根本不), nothing but(只不过; 仅仅), all but(几乎; 差一点), none but(仅仅; 只有)。everything意为 “每件事物; 所有事物”, 强调整体, 与not连用时表示部分否定, 意为 “并不是所有事物都……”。重点三　介词考点1　常见介词的用法　  考点2　介词短语　 1.at+名词at a loss 不知所措　　　　at dinner 在吃晚餐at peace 处于和平状态 at war 在战争中 at work 在工作2.其他高频介词短语against time 争分夺秒at the sight of 一看到……in the face of 面对; 面临in addition(to) 除了……以外(还)in case of 万一in charge of 负责; 主管in favour of 赞成; 支持in need of 需要in no time 立刻in a hurry 匆忙in preparation for 为……做准备in return for 作为回报of help/use 有帮助的/有用的of importance 重要的on behalf of 代表3.by+名词by accident 偶然; 意外地by chance 偶然地by hand 手工by mistake 错误地by month 按月4.beyond+名词beyond comparison 无与伦比beyond control 失控beyond description 难以描述beyond doubt 毋庸置疑beyond expression 难以表达beyond (one’s) reach 够不到5.in+名词in bed 在床上; 卧床in danger 处于危险中in debt 负债in difficulty 处于困难中in high spirits 情绪高昂in need 需要帮助的in order 整齐; 井然有序in surprise 吃惊地in trouble 在困难中in use 使用中6.on+名词on a trip 在旅行on business 出差on display/show 陈列; 展出on duty 值班on holiday/vacation 在度假on sale 出售on strike 罢工on the way 在途中7.out of+名词out of balance 失去平衡out of control 失去控制out of danger 脱离危险out of date 过期out of order 出故障out of work 失业8.under+名词under consideration 在考虑中under construction 在建造中under control 处于控制之下under discussion 在讨论中under pressure 在压力下under repair 在修理中under treatment 在治疗中对点演练•精准提升Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.As countries around the world try to improve their recycling rates, some may look to Eskilstuna as 　　　　　　example to follow—as long as they think they can persuade their citizens to get busy sorting at home. 2.The waiters and waitresses are also trained to supply a separate spoon or pair of chopsticks for the diners, and so far, 　　　　　　service has been well accepted by the majority of the public. 3.And he did it in six hours and 48 minutes, a personal record nearly double 　　　　　　of his previous finish time. an　the　that　4.However, he had no regrets or complaints about giving up romantic evenings with his wife or dinners with relatives and friends so that he could devote 　　　　　　(he) to community work.  5.We Chinese people believe that only with 　　　　　　(we) own hands can we create a happy and beautiful life. 6.They keep their babies at home until they are physically able to survive 　　　　　　their own.  himself　our　on　7.Easy access 　　　　　　a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away, or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wanted. 8.Because she was lacking in training, she was afraid of making 　 exhibition of herself. 9.Scientists in China were already studying the bats carefully, well aware that an outbreak like the current 　　　　　　would most likely happen. 10.He was born 　　　　　　Hangzhou and brought up by his grandma in a seaside village. to　anone　inⅡ.微语法填空1.Forsythia(连翘) is one of the earliest flowers blooming in spring, ①　　　　　　　 March and May. It is ②　　　　　　　 popular plant known for its bare branches filled with brilliant yellow flowers. The plant has four petals and its branches stretch upward, which is native ③　　　　　　 China. It’s easy to grow because it can tolerate unfavorable conditions and partial shade, but ④　　　　　　 grows best in full sun. During July and August it produces fruit, often used in traditional Chinese medicine, proven by some of the earliest Chinese medical texts dating ⑤　　　　　　 some 4,000 years ago. ①答案 between　解析 根据上文的the earliest flowers blooming in spring可知, 此处表示 “在三月和五月之间”, 应用between... and...。故填介词between。②答案 a　解析 此处泛指 “一种受欢迎的植物”, 故用不定冠词, popular是辅音音素开头的单词, 故其前应用不定冠词a。③答案 to　解析 此处是固定短语be native to, 意为 “产于……”, 故填介词to。④答案 it　解析 空格处在句中做主语, 指代连翘, 故应用代词it。⑤答案 from　解析 此处是动词短语date from, 意为 “追溯到”, 故填介词from。2.Ma was born into a doctor’s family in 1933 and became ①　　　　　　military doctor in 1947.She applied to become a paratrooper in 1961, but she failed because there were no female paratroopers at that time. But she learnt to parachute by ②　　　　　　　(she) in secret. Finally, she became China’s first female paratrooper. She set a national record as the oldest enlisted woman to do a parachute jump ③　　　　　　　　 the age of 51.She completed over 140 parachuting jumps over a period of 20 years. In 2018, Ma donated ④　　　　　　(she) entire life savings to support local education and public welfare. ①答案 a　解析 她在1947年成为一名军医, 此处表示泛指, 故用不定冠词a。②答案 herself　解析 此处为learn...by oneself, 意为 “自学”, 故填herself。 ③答案 at　解析 句意: 她在51岁时创下了年龄最大的现役女兵跳伞纪录。在具体多少岁的时候, 应用介词at。④答案 her　解析 空格处在句中做定语, 修饰名词短语entire life savings, 应用形容词性物主代词, 故填her。