高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 3 Sports and fitness课后练习题

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 3 Sports and fitness课后练习题，共8页。

Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
(2019·莆田高一检测)
It’s n secret that yur persnal characteristics directly affect hw yu interact with the wrld—but yu might be surprised at just hw deep it ges. Experts think that yur persnality can even affect hw yu exercise and influence what sprts are suitable fr yu.
Highly Sensitive
Highly sensitive peple may be mre uncmfrtable with grup exercise classes r team sprts where they feel their every mve is being bserved. Additinally they may feel mre upset ver an ineffective r pr wrkut, says researcher Elaine Arn.
Fr such peple, individual r nn-cmpetitive activities like biking, running and hiking are ideal.
Type A Persnality
Type A individuals ften have an “all r nthing apprach” t exercise. This persnality type is knwn fr sticking clsely t their plan, nt t mentin being super cmpetitive. Hwever, this can cause them t stick t clsely t a fitness rutine, which means they might try t push past an injury.
T get better exercise results, Type A peple need t be aware that fllwing an exercise plan t strictly may limit their prgress. They shuld be mre flexible and listen t their bdies, especially when they are in pain.
Type B Persnality
This laid-back grup may get t lazy abut their exercise plans, which prevents them frm seeing results. They are ften less willing t devte enugh time and energy t their fitness gals, especially if exercise is smething that makes them anxius.
Type B individuals succeed in creative and c-perative envirnments, s team sprts and grup gym classes may be perfect.
Remember, there are plenty f ways and yu can adapt a fitness plan t suit yur needs, regardless f yur characteristics. Just keep in mind what yu like.
【语篇概述】本文为说明文。人的性格特征直接影响一个人与世界的互动, 而且影响很大。专家认为, 个性甚至会影响人的锻炼及影响适合你的运动。本文论述了不同的性格是如何影响人的锻炼习惯的。
1. Why might highly sensitive peple be unwilling t take part in grup sprts?
A. They will feel like they are being evaluated.
B. They dn’t like scializing with ther peple.
C. They dn’t cnsider themselves t be athletic.
D. They fear they’ll be let dwn by their teammates.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据Highly Sensitive中第一句“高度敏感的人可能对于团体运动课或团队运动有不舒服的感觉, 在那里他们感觉他们的每一个动作都会被观察。而且他们可能对效率低或者差的练习感到更沮丧”可知, 高度敏感的人对于自己的每个动作被人观察、被评估而不安, 分析选项可知A符合题意, 故选A。
2. Type A persnalities can be best described as ______.
A. flexible. B. cmmitted.
C. independent. D. sensitive.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据Type A Persnality中的Type A individuals. . . This persnality type is knwn fr sticking clsely t their plan, nt t mentin being super cmpetitive. “A型性格的人以一直坚持自己的计划而闻名, 更不用说他们具有超强的竞争力了”可知, 这种性格的人往往一直坚持自己的计划, 即做某事很投入。分析选项flexible灵活的; cmmitted坚定的, 献身于某种事业的; independent 独立的; sensitive敏感的, 可知, B项cmmitted符合题意, 故选B。
3. What is the purpse f the text?
A. T help peple understand what persnality type they are.
B. T identify the dangers f ding the wrng type f exercise.
C. T explain hw persnal characteristics affect exercise habits.
D. T describe different types f wrkuts that are available tday.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。本文的第一段说明了人的性格特征直接影响一个人与世界的互动, 而且影响很大。专家认为, 你的个性甚至会影响你的锻炼及影响适合你的运动。接着下文解释了不同的性格具体是如何影响锻炼习惯的。分析选项知C项(解释个人特征如何影响锻炼习惯)符合题意, 故选C。
B
Debra Avery has been a hrse lver since she was a little girl in San Dieg. Her family culdn’t affrd a hrse f their wn, s Debra brrwed rides at the lcal hrse-riding center, gaining the cnfidence nly fund atp a hrse. Years later, Debra remembered thse early days, and the lessns she learned with the hrses at the riding center, and wanted t help ther yung wmen get the benefits f cnnecting with hrses. “I always wanted t run a hrse prgram fr girls like me, ”says Debra. “I wanted t help them gain the curage t be arund a hrse and t care fr a hrse. ”
One day at the Ls Angeles Hrse-riding Center, as Debra rde beside fellw rider Judith Hpkins, she mentined an inheritance(遗产)frm her father-in-law and her desire t use it t serve disadvantaged girls. Judith had the same dream and a name fr the rganizatin.
They funded Taking the Reins(TTR)in 1998. The rganizatin serves mre than 400 yung wmen per year in after-schl, weekend, and summer prgrams that feature hrse riding and care, gardening and even cmpetitive hrse shwing. Mst participants live belw the pverty line and ften have nt had reliable husing fr mre than six mnths at a time. Few have previus hrse experience.
TTR uses farm and ranch experiences t teach respnsibility, leadership, teamwrk, and self-cnfidence. Directr Dr. Jane Haven says, “A large number f ur girls are smewhat autistic(孤独症的). I can’t cunt hw many f them have fund their first scial friends thanks t sharing this hbby and activity. Hrses bring them ut in such a wnderful way. ”
Jane als sees members f TTR prgram excel in schl—100 percent f yung wmen invlved fr fur years r mre have graduated frm high schl. Ninety-nine percent f thse participants have gne n t attend fur-year clleges.
Debra sees a mre bvius impact—after a few weeks in the TTR prgram, the yung wmen sit a little higher in their saddles(马鞍). “There’s just smething abut sitting up n the back f a hrse that gives them a bst f cnfidence. ”
【语篇概述】Debra的生活和学习深受骑马运动的影响, 她和别人一起合办了一个组织来帮助喜欢骑马的女孩通过骑马运动获取自信而最终改变人生。
4. What prgrams des TTR ffer?
A. Hrse riding and shwing.
B. Hrse care and farming.
C. Pet care and gardening.
D. Weekend hiking and camping.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。由文章第三段第二句可知, TTR项目包括骑马运动和马术表演。
5. Wh was the rganizatin funded fr?
A. Hmeless and lnely wmen.
B. Hard-wrking schl girls.
C. Female autistic patients.
D. Pr hrse-lving girls.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。由文章第三段第三句可知, 此组织是为贫穷的喜欢骑马的女孩提供帮助的。
6. In what way has TTR changed its members’ life?
A. They have been given financial aid.
B. They have achieved academic excellence.
C. They have grwn int prfessinal hrse riders.
D. They have been prvided with reliable husing.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段可知, 参加骑马运动四年或更长时间的女孩百分之百高中毕业, 其中百分之九十九继续去念了四年大学, 即取得了优秀的学术成绩。
7. What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A. TTR is a prfit-making rganizatin.
B. TTR prgram lasts a few weeks.
C. The girls’ cnfidence grws quickly.
D. The girls can ride taller hrses.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。由最后一段Debra的话可知, 经过几周的骑马训练, 女孩们很快树立了自信心。
Ⅱ. 完形填空
I played a racquetball game against my cusin Ed last week. It was ne f the mst 1 and tiring games I’ve ever had. When Ed first phned and 2 we play tgether, I laughed quietly, figuring n an easy victry. After all, Ed’s idea f 3 has always been nthing mre effrt-making than lifting a frk t his muth. 4 I can remember, Ed’s been the least physically fit member in the family, and 5 prud f himself. His big stmach has always ballned ut between his T-shirt and trusers.
Althugh the family ften 6 abut that, Ed refused t buy a larger T-shirt r t lse weight. S when Ed 7 fr ur game nt nly with the bttm f his shirt gathered inside his trusers but als with a stmach yu culd hardly 8 , I was s surprised that I was speechless. My cusin must have made an effrt t get himself int shape. 9 , at the pint in ur game when I’ d have predicted(预计)the scre t be abut 9 t 1 in my favr, it was instead 7 t 9 — and Ed was 10 . The sudden realizatin was painful. We 11 t play like tw mad men. When the scre was 16 up, I was having serius 12 abut staying alive until 21 years ld, let alne (更不用说) 13 that many pints. When the game finally ended, bth f us were lying flat n ur backs, t tired t 14 . In a way, I think we bth wn: I wn the game, but cusin Ed wn my 15 .
【语篇概述】本文讲述了作者与表兄弟Ed间的一场球赛。作者认为表弟Ed身体差、大腹便便, 根本就不是作者的对手。可结果却出乎预料。作者虽赢了比赛, 可Ed却不仅赢得了作者对他的善意、支持、友情, 而且赢得了作者对他的尊敬。
1. A. encuraging B. hpeless C. surprising D. regular
【解析】选C。句意: 这是一场我曾打过的最令人吃惊的、最累人的比赛之一。 encuraging 鼓舞人心的; hpeless 无助的; surprising 令人惊叹的; regular 规律的。运用前后照应法读完整篇文章, 不难得出作者与表兄弟(Ed)间的这场球赛是令他吃惊不已(surprising)、疲惫不堪的。故选C。
2. A. declaredB. mentined
C. persuadedD. suggested
【解析】选D。句意: 当表弟打电话提议一起打球时, 我心中窃喜。 declare宣布; mentin提及; persuade劝说; suggest建议。注意play用的原形, 只有suggest可后接“that (+shuld)+ 动词原形”结构。其他三项不能用于此结构。故选D。
3. A. exerciseB. preparatin
C. jyD. fitness
【解析】选A。句意: 毕竟表弟Ed以为运动就是动动碗筷。 exercise 练习、运动; preparatin 准备; jy快乐; fitness 健康。文章中提到的是像打壁球赛这样的运动(exercise)。由文中可看出后三项不合原文。故选A。
4. A. As sn asB. As lng as
C. WhenD. Since
【解析】选B。句意: 据我的回忆, 表弟是家里身体最不健康的人。 As sn as 一……就……; As lng as 只要; When 当时; Since 自从。尽(as lng as)作者所能记忆的, remember是持续性动词, 与表示持续意义的as lng as(像……一样长; 只要……)连用, 引导条件状语从句。as sn as, when, since三项均表示短暂意义, 通常与短暂性动词连用。故选B。
5. A. strangelyB. persnally
C. reasnablyD. eagerly
【解析】选A。句意: 很奇怪表弟竟然以自己为豪。strangely 奇怪地; persnally 个人, 亲自; reasnably 合理地; eagerly 渴望地。Ed是整个家庭中身体健康状况最差的人, 而他却莫名其妙地(strangely)感到自豪。作者用strangely表示不理解其行为。故选A。
6. A. caredB. frgtC. quarreledD. jked
【解析】选D。句意: 尽管家人总拿他的样子开玩笑。care关心; frget 忘记; quarrel争吵; jke开玩笑。对于Ed的鼓胀得像气球似的大肚子, 家人为此常逗乐(jked)。故选D。
7. A. set utB. gt ready
C. arrivedD. returned
【解析】选C。句意: 所以当Ed到来比赛之时, 你几乎看不到他大腹便便的样子。set ut 开始; get ready 准备好; arrive到达; return返回, 返还。arrived指Ed的到来, 因为后文写作者看到Ed的情况。returned表示“返回”行为, set ut (动身, 出发), gt ready(准备好)均表示起始动作, 均与文意不符。arrive为终结性行为。故选C。
8. A. nticeB. admire
C. believeD. measure
【解析】选A。句意: Ed把衣服扎进裤子里, 作者几乎看不出肚子来。 ntice 注意到; admire 钦佩; believe 相信; measure 测量。故选A。
9. A. After allB. As a result
C. Abve allD. At last
【解析】选B。句意: 结果在我预计比分将会是9比1大胜他的时候, 比分却是7比9。 After all 毕竟; As a result结果; Abve all 毕竟; At last 最后。由上文可知, 作者认为这次壁球比赛自己获胜不在话下, 而该句表明估计错误, 结果与自己预计的不同, 故as a result能表示作者此时的心态, as a result暗含“出乎意料”之意。故选B。
10. A. leadingB. cming
C. waitingD. cunting
【解析】选A。句意: Ed比分领先了。lead领导; cme到达; wait等待; cunt数数。根据上面比分相反, 可以判断出Ed领先(leading)了。故选A。
11. A. pretendedB. stppedC. cntinuedD. decided
【解析】选C。句意: 我们发疯似的继续比赛。 pretend假装; stp停止; cntinue继续; decide决定。后面提到分数已经到16了, 说明他们俩从“7: 9”之后仍是在发疯似的继续(cntinued)比赛。故选C。
12. A. thughtsB. dubts
C. situatinsD. prblems
【解析】选B。句意: 我开始严肃地怀疑自己能否活到21岁。thughts 想法; dubts 怀疑; situatins 情况; prblems 问题。故选B。
13. A. scringB. cmpleting
C. receivingD. keeping
【解析】选A。句意: 更不要说获得这些分数。scre得分; cmplete完成; receive收到; keep保持。作者更对自己能取得那么多的得分感到怀疑。故选A。
14. A. playB. startC. sleepD. mve
【解析】选D。句意: 比赛结束时, 我们两个疲惫不堪不愿意动。play 玩耍; start开始; sleep 睡觉; mve 移动。比赛结束后, 双方都仰卧平躺, 疲惫不堪, 连动一动(mve)都不行了。故选D。
15. A. friendshipB. respectC. supprtD. favr
【解析】选B。句意: 某种程度上来说, 我们俩都获胜了, 我赢得了比赛, 表弟赢得了尊重。friendship友谊; respect 尊重; supprt 支持; favr 喜爱。作者虽赢了比赛, 可Ed却赢得了作者对他的尊敬(respect)。故选B。
【技法导练】前后呼应法
做完形填空时, 要始终抓住文章本身, 联系“双语境”来判断, 即大语境——全文中心和基调, 小语境——空格前后句子所构成的语境; 再根据前有伏笔后有呼应的思路来做题。