2022届上海市上海大学附属中学高三上学期期中考试英语试题含解析

这是一份2022届上海市上海大学附属中学高三上学期期中考试英语试题含解析，共22页。试卷主要包含了 that， based 3， where 5， what 7， but 9， scializing， H 16， K 20等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022届上海市上海大学附属中学高三上学期期中考试英语试题
II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Facebook has changed its corporate name to Meta as part of a major rebrand. The company said it would better “encompass” what it does, as it broadens its reach beyond social media into areas like virtual reality (VR). The change does not apply to its individual platforms, such as Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp, only the parent company ____1____ owns them.
The move follows a series of negative stories about Facebook, ____2____ (base) on documents leaked by an ex-employee, Frances Haugen, who has accused the company of putting “profits ____3____ safety.”
In 2015, Google restructured its company calling its parent firm Alphabet, however, the name has not caught on. Facebook boss Mark Zuckerberg announced the new name as he unveiled plans to build a “metaverse” — an online world ____4____ people can game, work and communicate in a virtual environment, often using VR headsets. He said the existing brand could not “possibly represent ____5____ that we're doing today, let alone in the future”, and needed to change. “Over time, I hope that we are seen as a metaverse company and I want to anchor our work and our identity on ____6____ we're building towards,” he told a virtual conference.
The company also unveiled a new sign at its headquarters in Menlo Park, California, on Thursday, ____7____ (replace) its thumbs-up “Like” logo with a blue infinity shape. Mr Zuckerberg said the new name reflects that over time, users will not need to use Facebook to use the company's other services.
The word “meta” comes from the Greek word meaning “beyond”. To an outsider, a metaverse may now look like a version of VR, ____8____ some people believe it could be the future of the internet. Instead of being on a computer, people in a metaverse might use a headset to enter a virtual world connecting all sorts of digital environments.
It ____9____ (hope) the virtual world could be used for practically anything from work, play and concerts, to ____10____ (socialize) with friends and family.
【答案】1. that
2. based 3. over
4. where 5. something
6. what 7. replacing
8. but 9. is hoped
10. socializing
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是作为品牌重塑的一部分，Facebook将公司名称改为Meta。
【1题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这一变化并不适用于Facebook、Instagram和WhatsApp等单独的平台，只适用于拥有这些平台的母公司。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词“company”是物，且被“only”修饰，因此空格处用关系代词that，故填that。
【2题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：此前，Facebook前雇员Frances Haugen泄露的文件引发了一系列关于该公司的负面报道，他指责该公司“将利润置于安全之上”。分析句子结构可知，句中谓语是“follows”，空格处用非谓语形式，由固定短语be based on可知，空格处用过去分词based表被动，作状语，故填based。
【3题详解】
考查介词。句意：此前，Facebook前雇员Frances Haugen泄露的文件引发了一系列关于该公司的负面报道，他指责该公司“将利润置于安全之上”。由上文的“who has accused the company”可知，句子表示“Haugen指责该公司将利润置于安全之上”，因此空格处是“级别在……之上”，是over，故填over。
4题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：脸书老板马克·扎克伯格宣布了这个新名字，并宣布了建立一个“虚拟世界”计划——一个人们可以在虚拟环境中玩游戏、工作和交流的网络世界，通常使用VR头盔。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词“world”是地方，因此空格处是关系副词where，做地点状语，故填where。
【5题详解】
考查不定代词。句意：他表示，现有品牌“可能无法代表我们今天正在做的事情，更不用说未来了”，需要改变。由“that we're doing today”可知，是定语从句，从句缺乏宾语，意为“某些事情”，用不定代词something，故填something。
【6题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：他在一次虚拟会议上表示：“随着时间的推移，我希望我们被视为一家虚拟世界公司，我希望我们的工作和我们的身份定位正在朝着我们建构的方向发展。”on是介词，因此空格处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，因此空格处用连接代词what，故填what。
【7题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：周四，该公司还在其位于加州门洛帕克的总部推出了一个新标识，用一个蓝色的无限形状取代了之前竖起大拇指的“Like”标识。分析句子结构可知，句中谓语是“unveiled”，空格处用非谓语形式，“The company”和“replace ”之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，作状语，故填replacing。
【8题详解】
考查连词。句意：在外人看来，虚拟世界现在可能看起来像是虚拟现实的一个版本，但有些人认为它可能是互联网的未来。根据前面的“a metaverse may now look like a version of VR”和后面的“some people believe it could be the future of the internet”可知，前后是转折关系，因此空格处用表示转折的but，故填but。
【9题详解】
考查时态，语态及主谓一致。句意：人们希望虚拟世界可以用于几乎任何事情，从工作、娱乐、音乐会，到与朋友和家人的社交。It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的句子“the virtual world could be used for practically anything from work, play and concerts, to_____(socialize) with friends and family”，这是人们的希望，因此句子用被动语态，句子描述现在的客观事实，时态用一般现在时，因此空格处是一般现在时的被动语态，即is/are done，主语it是单数，因此空格处是is hoped，故填is hoped。
【10题详解】
考查动名词。句意：人们希望虚拟世界可以用于几乎任何事情，从工作、娱乐、音乐会，到与朋友和家人社交。to是介词，其后跟动名词socializing作宾语，故填socializing。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. healing B. prioritize C. assigned D. symbolizing E. secondary F. peculiar
G. featuring H. engaged I. patterned J. followed K. embracing
The Healing Power of Art
Dreams have no age limit. A 79 year old lady who restarts her life by painting proves that it is never too late to ____11____ oneself.
Meeting the 77-year-old Li Yufeng at her workshop in the Lingang Special Area, I am soon infected by her energy and passion. ____12____ pumpkins, Hami melons, pebbles and playing cards, a number of her paintings hang on the walls. All her works are inspired by the everyday things in her life. As the Mid-Autumn Festival has just passed when we meet, Li's latest works portrays a moon-cake ____13____ with a dragon and phoenix.
Natural and peaceful, her paintings have ____14____ power. They enable viewers to feel the beauty of small things, which we easily ignore in our daily lives. Last year, she was invited to hold a painting exhibition at the Xuhui Art Museum. To many people's surprise, Li ____15____ with art just three years ago.
Li spent her childhood in the confusion of civil war. Her father was ____16____ to Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region as a teacher in a middle school, and Li and her mother ____17____ him to the land of rugged mountains and vast desert basins.
"The green lawn and the camphor tree in front of our house in Human have always been impressed in my childhood memories," said Yin.
____18____ prosperity and freshness, green is Li's favorite color, which she frequently uses in her paintings. She recalls that she wore a green tweed coat on her wedding day in 1963.
Li used to work as an electric welde（r 电焊工）. Lacking proper eye protection, the flash from the welding equipment eventually damaged her vision. However, that hasn't stopped her from ____19____ colors.
Li became fully engaged in painting after her husband's passing away in 2017. Painting brought her into the present moment and let her forget the pain of losing her husband and her diseases. In the flow of painting, it is hard to dwell on so many troubles. For Li, her improved painting skills are _____20_____ to the joy that art brings her.
【答案】11. B 12. G
13. I 14. A
15. H 16. C
17. J 18. D
19. K 20. F
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍艺术治愈力量。
【11题详解】
考查动词。句意：一位以绘画重新开始生活的79岁老妇人证明，优先考虑自己永远都不晚。固定结构：too…to…“太……而不能……”；动词prioritize的意思是“优先考虑”符合句意。故选B。
【12题详解】
考查现在分词作状语。句意：墙上挂着她的许多画，画的主题有南瓜、哈密瓜、鹅卵石和扑克牌。此处是现在分词作伴随状语；动词feature的意思是“以……为特色”，其现在分词featuring符合题意。故选G。
【13题详解】
考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：我们见面的时候刚好是中秋节，李连杰的最新作品是一个龙凤图案的月饼。be patterned with“与……相等，以……图案装饰”。句中a moon-cake和patterned之间是被动关系，是过去分词作后置定语。故选I。
【14题详解】
考查形容词作定语。句意：她的画自然祥和，具有治愈的力量。形容词修饰名词power，形容词healing的意思是“能治愈的”，在句中作定语。故选A。
【15题详解】
考查一般过去时。句意：令许多人惊讶的是，李翊云三年前才开始接触艺术。根据时间状语three years ago可知句子用一般过去时，动词短语be engaged with的意思是“忙于，从事于”。故选H。
【16题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：她的父亲被分配到新疆维吾尔自治区的一所中学当老师，李和她的母亲跟着他来到了这片崎岖的山区和广阔的沙漠盆地。固定短语：be assigned to“被分配到……”。此处是一般过去时的被动语态，所以assigned符合题意。故选C。
【17题详解】
考查一般过去时。句意：她的父亲被分配到新疆维吾尔自治区的一所中学当老师，李和她的母亲跟着他来到了这片崎岖的山区和广阔的沙漠盆地。这里在描述过去发生的事情，所以句子用一般过去时，动词follow的意思是“跟随”，其过去式followed符合题意。故选J。
【18题详解】
考查现在分词作伴随状语。句意：绿色象征着繁荣和新鲜，是李翊云最喜欢的颜色，她在绘画中经常使用绿色。此处是现在分词作伴随状语。动词symbolize的意思是“象征”，其现在分词是symbolizing，符合题意。故选D。
【19题详解】
考查动名词作宾语。句意：然而，这并没有阻止她拥抱颜色。介词from后面用动名词作宾语；动词embrace的意思是“拥抱”，其动名词是embracing。故选D。
【20题详解】
考查形容词作表语。句意：对于李来说，她的绘画技巧的提高是艺术带给她的快乐所独有的。固定短语：be peculiar to“是……所特有的”，其中形容词peculiar作表语，符合题意。故选F。
III. Reading Comprehensions Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Fait Diver: More Than Brief Stories
Every day, there are items in the news believed too minor to report at length. For these ____21____ stories, French newspapers of old had a solution: a section called fait divers: stories of a paragraph or a few lines. These brief stories were typically of some____22____ or odd occurrence: train accidents, lovers' quarrels, drownings, suicides. The fait divers remained a practical form, intended to convey a story without ____23____ too much space, but it also developed into an art. In French literature, it crossed the line from low to high culture and influenced the writing of ____24____ as varied as Stendha（司汤达）, Flauber（福楼拜）, and Camus（加缪）, sometimes as the____25____ inspiration for what later became a novel. ____26____ a version of it was present in American newspapers, it never quite caught on in the English press as a literary form.
Perhaps the finest flowering of fait divers was in the reports filed by the art critic Felix Feneon 1906. He gave the form more wit, more emotional ____27____ and formal perfection, than it had had before. In his hands, it became ironic, dark, and very funny. His collected fait divers, published in English as Novels in Three Lines, was a(n) ____28____ to me. It inspired me to undertake ____29____ projects. One was a sequence of fait divers set in contemporary Nigeria and_____30_____ from the newspapers there. The other was based on stories from New York City's newspapers in 1912: the New-York Tribune, the New York Herald, the New York Times. I called my projects small fates." an acknowledgment that so many of these stories are _____31_____ about the strange workings of chance.
One can go days in New York without really thinking about how _____32_____ these streets once were by crowds of people, all of whom are now dead. I found in writing the small fates that these long-gone New Yorkers suddenly came back to the_____33_____ tense when you are not even ready for it. The fine details made their lives vivid and _____34_____. They were no longer_____35_____, and at times seemed even more real to me than the latter-day outside my window.
21. A. curious B. tiny C. ridiculous D. detailed
22. A. tragedy B. coincidence C. imagination D. thriller
23. A. turning up B. putting up C. showing up D. taking up
24. A. images B. imagination C. figures D. portraits
25. A. motivative B. sudden C. original D. weak
26. A. Though B. When C. Since D. Before
27. A. expression B. peace C. health D. discomfort
28. A. identification B. secret C. appeal D. approach
29. A. a series of B. a pair of C. a collection of D. a set of
30. A. received B. inspired C. eliminated D. drawn
31. A. finally B. accidentally C. previously D. unexpectedly
32. A. fascinating B. populated C. brilliant D. sophisticated
33. A. previous B. future C. present D. past
34. A. believable B. considerable C. understandable D. approachable
35. A. deadly B. lonely C. lively D. ghostly
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一中名为Fait Diver的报纸专栏。它是一种（车祸、凶杀等）社会新闻栏，通常是一段或几行的故事，包括一些典型的悲剧或者奇怪的事件。而其意义，又不止故事的记录。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于这些微小的故事，古老的法国报纸有一个解决方案：一个部分叫做fait diverss：一段或几行的故事。A. curious好奇的；B. tiny渺小的；C. ridiculous可笑的；D. detailed细节的。根据后文的“stories of a paragraph or a few lines.”可知，这些是短小的（tiny）故事。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些简短的故事是典型的悲剧或者奇怪的事件：火车事故，恋人间的争吵，溺水，自杀。A. tragedy悲剧；B. coincidence巧合；C. imagination想象力；D. thriller恐怖的事物。根据后文“or odd occurrence: train accidents, lovers' quarrels, drownings, suicides.”中的例子可知，这些都是悲剧。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：fait divers仍然是一种实用的形式，意在不占用太多空间的情况下传达一个故事，但它也发展成为一种艺术。A. turning up调高；B. putting up张贴；C. showing up出现；D. taking up拿起，占用。take up space为固定用法，意为“占空间”。根据前文“stories of a paragraph or a few lines.”可知，fait divers短小精悍，不占太多版面。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在法国文学中，它跨越了从低级文化到高级文化的界限，影响了诸如司汤达、福楼拜和加缪等各种各样的人物形象的写作，有时也是后来成为小说的最初灵感来源。A. images图片；B. imagination想象力；C. figures人物；D. portraits画像。根据后文“as varied as Stendha（司汤达）, Flauber（福楼拜）, and Camus（加缪）”中举出的作家名字可知，此处指作家创作的人物形象。故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在法国文学中，它跨越了从低级文化到高级文化的界限，影响了诸如司汤达、福楼拜和加缪等各种各样的人物形象的写作，有时也是后来成为小说的最初灵感来源。A. motivative激励的；B. sudden突然的；C. original原始的；D. weak脆弱的。根据空后的“inspiration for what later became a novel”中的inspiration及later可推知，此处指最初的（original）灵感。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然它的一个版本出现在美国的报纸上，但它从来没有作为一种文学形式在英国媒体上流行起来。A. Though虽然；B. When当…时候；C. Since自从；D. Before在…之前。分析前后句句意可知，前后是转折关系，应使用though连接。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：比起以前，他赋予这种形式更多的智慧，更多的情感上的不适和形式上的完美。A. expression印象；B. peace平静；C. health健康；D. discomfort不舒服。根据后文“In his hands, it became ironic, dark, and very funny.”中的dark可知，情感上应该是更加不适。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的作品集《三行小说集》以英文出版，对我很有吸引力。A. identification识别，身份；B. secret秘密；C. appeal吸引；D. approach接近。an appeal to为固定用法，意为“对…有吸引力”。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查名词短语辨析。句意：它启发了我去进行两个项目。A. a series of一系列；B. a pair of一副，一对；C. a collection of集合；D. a set of一组，一套。根据后文的“One was a sequence of fait divers set in contemporary Nigeria and ____10____ from the newspapers there. The other was based on stories from New York City's newspapers in 1912:”中的one以及the other可知，此处提到两个项目。a pair of符合题意。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：其中一个是当代尼日利亚的一系列fait divers场景，这些场景是从当地的报纸上摘录下来的。A. received收到；B. inspired鼓舞；C. eliminated排除；D. drawn提取。draw from为固定用法，意为“从…提取”，符合题意。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：承认这么多的故事最终都是关于奇怪的概率的运作机制。A. finally最终；B. accidentally意外的；C. previously之前的；D. unexpectedly不可预料的。根据语境前文的“I called my projects small fates”可推知，作者最终（finally）将这些归结于概率的运作。其他选项不符合题意。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在纽约的日子里，人们可以不去想这些街道曾经是如何挤满人群的，现在这些人都已经死了。A. fascinating引人入胜的；B. populated拥挤的；C. brilliant优秀的；D. sophisticated老练的，精密的。根据后文的“by crowds of people”中的crowd可知，作者此处指曾经大街上挤满了人群。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我在写这些小命运的时候发现，这些早已离去的纽约人在你还没有准备好的时候，突然又回到了现在。A. previous之前的；B. future未来的；C. present当前的；D. past过去的。根据前文“these long-gone New Yorkers suddenly came back”中的come back可知，这些早已消失的人，仿佛突然又回到了现在（present）。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：精美的细节使他们的生活栩栩如生，令人信服。A. believable可信的；B. considerable相当大的；C. understandable可以理解的；D. approachable平易近人的。根据后文的“They were no longer ____15____ , and at times seemed even more real to me than the latter-day outside my window.”中的real可推知，这些人变得很真实，很可信。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它们不再像幽灵一样，有时对我来说，甚至比窗外的现代生活更加真实。A. deadly致命的；B. lonely孤单的；C. lively生动的；D. ghostly鬼魂的。根据前文“all of whom are now dead”可知，以前死去的人应该是ghostly。故选D项。
Section B
Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
The Undergoing Welfare Reform
While still in its early stages, welfare reform has already been judged a great success in many states -- at least in getting people off welfare. It's estimated that more than 2 million people have left the rolls since 1994.
In the past four years, welfare rolls in Athens County have been cut in half. But 70 percent of the people who left in the past two years took jobs that paid less than $6 an hour. The result: The Athens County poverty rate still remains at more than 30 percent -- twice the national average. For advocates for the poor, that's an indication that much more needs to be done.
"More people are getting jobs, but it's not making their lives any better," says Kathy Lairn, a policy analyst at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities in Washington.
A center analysis of US Census data nationwide found that last year, a greater percentage of single, female-headed households were earning money on their own, but that average income for these households actually went down.
But for many, the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory.
"Welfare was a poison. It was a toxin that was poisoning the family," says Robert Rector, a welfare-reform policy analyst. "The reform is changing the moral climate in low-income communities. It's beginning to rebuild the work ethic, which is much more important."
Mr. Rector and others argued that once "the habit of dependency is cracked," then the country can make other policy changes aimed at improving living standards.
36. Why don't people enjoy their lives better when they get jobs?
A. Because they are used to relying on welfare to make livings.
B. Because the cost of living is higher than before.
C. Because many families are not satisfied with their income.
D. Because their wages are very low.
37. From the passage we know that the reconstruction of is the core of the reform.
A. government aids B. work ethic
C. welfare funds D. moral awareness
38. From the example of the Athens Country, we know great efforts should be made for the poor to ________.
A. improve their living standards B. help them be employed
C. get them off welfare. D. increase their wage
39. From the passage, it can be inferred that the author .
A. is completely certain about the success of welfare reform
B. thinks that welfare reform has done little good for the poor
C. considers welfare reform successful on the whole
D. insists welfare reform has increased the government's burden
【答案】36. D 37. B 38. A 39. C
【解析】
【分析】分析
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国正在进行的社会福利改革。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“In the past four years, welfare rolls in Athens County have been cut in half. But 70 percent of the people who left in the past two years took jobs that paid less than $6 an hour.”（在过去的四年里，Athens County的福利人数减少了一半。但在过去两年里，不再受救济的人中，有70%的人从事的是每小时不到6美元的工作。）可知，虽然人们找到了工作，但收入太低以至于他们生活仍然贫困。因此“Because their wages are very low.”（因为他们的工资很低。）符合题意。故选D项。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中“The reform is changing the moral climate in low-income communities. It's beginning to rebuild the work ethic, which is much more important. ”（改革正在改变低收入社区的道德风气。它开始重建工作观念，这是更重要的。）可知，重塑低收入工作者们的工作观念是最改革的核心任务。因此“work ethic”（工作观念）符合题意。故选B项。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The Athens County poverty rate still remains at more than 30 percent -- twice the national average. For advocates for the poor, that's an indication that much more needs to be done. ”（Athens County的贫困率仍然保持在30%以上，是全国平均水平的两倍。对于穷人的倡导者来说，这意味着需要做更多的工作。）可知，Athens County的贫困率很高，说明人们的生活水平很低。以及最后一段中“then the country can make other policy changes aimed at improving living standards. ”（然后国家可以做出其他旨在提高生活水平的政策改变。）可知，国家的福利政策就是为了提高人民的生活水平。因此“improve their living standards” （提升他们的生活水平）符合题意。故选A项。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“While still in its early stages, welfare reform has already been judged a great success in many states -- at least in getting people off welfare. It's estimated that more than 2 million people have left the rolls since 1994. ”（虽然福利改革还处于早期阶段，在许多州就已经被认为是一个巨大的成功——至少在使人们摆脱福利方面是这样。据估计，自1994年以来，有超过200万人脱离了救济名册。）可推断出，福利改革制度虽然还处于早期，但是已经改变了人们的思想观念，使人们不再心安理得的接受救济，这本身就是一个胜利，所以作者认为福利改革总体上是成功。因此“considers welfare reform successful on the whole.”（认为福利改革总体上是成功的。）符合题意。故选C项。
(B)
Apply for a Tax File Number
Everybody who receives any income in Australia needs a Tax File Number. Income includes wages or salary from a job, money earned from investments, and government payments.
Register with Medicare
The Australian Government provides help with medical expenses through a scheme called Medicare. You may be eligible（有资格的）to join Medicare and gain immediate access to health-care services and programs such as free public hospital care, help with the cost of out-of-hospital care and subsidized medicines.
To register, you should wait approximately ten working days after your arrival and then go to a Medicare office with your passport or travel documents. If you need to see a doctor urgently, you can register with Medicare without waiting ten days.
Medicare has a Welcome Kit which is translated into 16 different languages. It explains Medicare and other government health services and the eligibility requirements. This booklet is available from Medicare offices or you can read it on the internet.
Open a bank account
People in Australia usually keep their money in a bank, building society or credit union. It is advisable to open a bank account within six weeks of your arrival, as during this time you usually need only your passport as identification. After six weeks, you will need additional identification to open an account.
Register with Centrelink
Newly arrived residents can register with the government agency called Centrelink to get help with looking for work, having overseas skills recognized, and accessing relevant courses. Centrelink also has an application form for Tax File Numbers and can assist you to lodge your application with the Tax Office.
Register for English classes
English language courses for new arrivals in Australia are provided under the Adult Migrant English Program. As a new resident you may be entitled to receive free English language tuition of up to 510 hours.
Get a driver's license
If you are a permanent resident visa holder and have a current driver's license from another country, in English or with an official translation, you are allowed to drive for your first three months after arrival. After that, you will need to have the appropriate Australian driver's license. To get one, you usually need to pass a knowledge test, a practical test, and an eyesight test. Licenses from some overseas countries do not require a practical test.
40. Which of the following is true about Medicare?
A. All health-care services are free for people registered.
B. Medicare doesn't cover services outside hospitals.
C. There is a charge for Welcome Rit booklets.
D. It's possible to register within a week after one's arrival.
41. New arrivals can enjoy the following privileges except ________.
A. a period of free linguistic instruction
B. upgrading driving licenses without extra tests
C. part-of-the-cost-paid medicines
D. getting skill qualification accepted officially
42. Where does the passage most probably come from?
A. A guidebook published by the Australian Government.
B. An advertisement in an Australian magazine.
C. A booklet on medical services in Australia.
D. An article introducing how to save money overseas.
【答案】40. D 41. B 42. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍到达澳大利亚后如何申请税务档案号码
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据Register with Medicare中“To register, you should wait approximately ten working days after your arrival（您需要在抵达后大约10个工作日后才能注册 ）”和“If you need to see a doctor urgently, you can register with Medicare without waiting ten days.（如果你急需看医生，你可以注册医保，不用等十天）”，可知，关于Medicare可以在到达后一周内注册。故选D。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据Get a driver's license中“After that, you will need to have the appropriate Australian driver's license. To get one, you usually need to pass a knowledge test, a practical test, and an eyesight test. Licenses from some overseas countries do not require a practical test.（在那之后，你将需要有合适的澳大利亚驾照。 要获得驾照，你通常需要通过一项知识测试、一项实践测试和一项视力测试。 一些海外国家的驾照不需要实际考试）”，可知，新抵澳大利亚人士需要考试可升级驾驶执照，故选B。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Everybody who receives any income in Australia needs a Tax File Number. Income includes wages or salary from a job, money earned from investments, and government payments.（在澳大利亚，每个有收入的人都需要一个税务档案号。 收入包括工作的工资、投资所得和政府支付）”，可知，这篇文章很可能来自澳大利亚政府出版的旅游指南。故选A。
(C)
In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous (模糊不清的) and complicated route. We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience. Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience, what we think our experiences mean, and the subsequent actions we take. Opportunities for misinterpretation, error, and self-deception are plentiful.
Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as proto-science (原始科学). Similar to new mining claims, they are full of potential. But it takes collective examination and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. This is the credibility process, through which the individual researcher's me, here, now becomes the community's anyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point.
Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discoverer receives intellectual credit. But, unlike with mining claims, the community takes control of what happens next. Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology. As a discovery claim works it through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual's discovery claim into the community's credible discovery.
Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process. First, scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of common knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect. Little reward accompanies the copying and confirmation of what is already known and believed. The goal is new-search not re-search. Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation (驳斥) by future researchers. Second, novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief. Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert Szent-Gyorgyi once described discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought”. But thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may not change their views. Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.
In the end, credibility “happens” to a discovery claim — a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind. “We reason together, challenge, revise, and complete each other's reasoning and each other's conceptions of reasons.”
43. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that credibility process requires ________.
A. strict inspection B. shared efforts
C. individual wisdom D. persistent innovation
44. Paragraph 3 shows that a discovery claim becomes credible after it ________.
A. has attracted the attention of the general public
B. has been frequently quoted by peer scientists
C. has received recognition from editors and reviewers
D. has been examined by the scientific community
45. Albert Szent-Gyorgyi would most likely agree that ________.
A. scientific claims will survive challenges
B. scientific work calls for a critical mind
C. efforts to make discoveries are justified
D. discoveries today inspire future research
46. Which of the following would be the best title of the text?
A. Novelty as an Engine of Scientific Development.
B. Collective Examination in Scientific Discovery.
C. Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science.
D. Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science.
【答案】43. B 44. D 45. B 46. C
【解析】
【分析】这一篇说明文。作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了科学发现声明应该被认为是原始科学。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“But it takes collective examination and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. This is the credibility process, through which the individual researcher's me, here, now becomes the community's anyone, anywhere, anytime.”（一项科学发现声明要变为成熟的科学发现，需要集体的详细审查和认可。这就是可信性的证实过程，在这个过程中，单个研究者的“我”、“这里”和“现在”变成了科学界里的“任何人”、“任何地方”和“任何时间”。）可知，可信度论证过程需要科学家们的共同的努力。故选B项。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology.”（在科学界复杂的社会结构中，研究者做出发现；编辑和审查者通过控制成果发表过程扮演着看门人的角色；其他科学家利用新发现实现他们各自的研究目的；最终，公众（包括其他科学家）获知新发现，以及可能应运而生的新科技。）可知，个人的发现声明需要经过整个科学界的审查才能变成可靠的发现。故选D项。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Second, novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief. Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert Szent - Gyorgyi once described discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought”. But thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may not change their views. Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.”（第二，新奇感本身常常引起怀疑。诺贝尔奖获得者、生理学家Albert Szent-Gyorgyi曾将发现描述为“看到所有人看到的，思考没人想到的”。但思考别人的想法，告诉别人他们错过了什么，可能不会改变他们的观点。有时，真正新颖的发现要求需要几年才能被接受和欣赏。）可推断，Albert Szent-Gyorgyi强调科学发现要“看到所有人看到的，思考没人想到的”，即使新奇感（想到别人没想到的东西）本身常常引起怀疑，别人无法接受，也不能循规蹈矩，要有创新精神和批判精神。故选B项。
【46题详解】
主旨大意题。纵观全文，第一段指明，日常科学研究充满了不确定性和复杂性。第二段指出，鉴于上述特点，科学发现声明需要经过可信性证实过程才能变为可靠的科学发现。第三段承接第二段，详细介绍了科学发现可信性的证实过程。在第四段，作者指出了可信性证实过程中存在的两个矛盾。第五段作者引用哲学家安妮特·拜尔的话对科学的可信性证实过程进行了总结。综上所述，本文通篇都在论述科学可信性的证实过程，即科学发现声明如何变为可靠的科学发现。C项“科学研究中可信度的演变”准确地概括了该篇文章主旨。故选C项。
【点睛】说明文类文章的做题关键在于把握几大要素：who, what, when, where, why, how。其中，通过人物定位信息是快速做题的方法之一。比如本篇第三题，题目中的关键词是“Albert Szent-Gyorgyi”，通过关键词，可快速定位信息在第四段“Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert Szent-Gyorgyi once described discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought”.”，所以该题选择B项。
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
The number of devices you can talk to is multiplying -- first it was your phone, then your car, and now you can boss around your appliances. Children are likely to grow up thinking everything is interactive. After interacting with Amazon's Alexa 2, my 2 year old son started talking to cup mat. But even without chatty gadgets, research suggests that under certain circumstances, people anthropomorphize (人格化) everyday products.
____47____. In one experiment, people who reported feeling isolated were more likely than others to attribute free will and consciousness to various gadgets. In turn, feeling close relationship with objects can reduce loneliness. When college students were reminded of a time they'd been excluded socially, they compensated by exaggerating their number of Facebook friends -- ____48____. At other times, we personify products in an effort to understand them. One study found that three in four respondents cursed at their computer -- and the more their computer gave them problems, the more likely they were to report that it had "its own beliefs".
So how do people assign traits to an object? In part, we rely on looks. On humans, wide faces are associated with dominance. Similarly, people rated cars, clocks, and watches with wide faces as more dominant-looking than narrow-faced ones, and preferred them -- especially in competitive situations like confronting a former bully at a school reunion. ____49____. An analysis of car sales in Germany found that cars with grilles (前保险杠) that were upturned like smiles and headlights like narrowed eyes sold best.
____50____. Most use symbols that were human or human-like: People (the Marlboro Man) were most popular images, accounting for 21 percent of the total, followed by birds (Twitter), domesticated animals (Morris the Cat), wild animals (Tony the Tiger), and various plants (Mr. Peanut).
A. It's little wonder so many companies use mascots to bring brands to life.
B. Sometimes we see things as human because we're lonely.
C. Some purchasers saw certain features as increasing a product's aggressiveness and friendliness, respectively.
D. There are various images that people use to anthropomorphize everyday products.
E. as if they were treated as real friends in either friendly or aggressive situations.
F. unless they were first given tasks that caused them to interact with their phone as if it had human qualities.
【答案】47. B 48. E 49. C 50. A
【解析】
【分析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了人们赋予物品人类特点这一现象，并说明了原因、方式及应用。
【47题详解】
第一段描述人们人格化日常物品这一常见现象。第二段空后内容“In one experiment, people who reported feeling isolated were more likely than others to attribute free will and consciousness to various gadgets. In turn, feeling close relationship with objects can reduce loneliness.（在一项实验中，感觉孤立的人比其他人更有可能将自由意志和意识归因于各种小玩意。反过来，感觉与物体的亲密关系可以减少孤独感）”表示这一现象是为了减少孤独感；B选项“Sometimes we see things as human because we're lonely.（有时候我们以人类的视角看待事物，因为我们孤独） ”表明人类孤独会引起人格化物品，引起下文，符合语境。故选B项。
【48题详解】
空前内容“When college students were reminded of a time they'd been excluded socially, they compensated by exaggerating their number of Facebook friends（当大学生们被提醒他们在社交上被排斥的时候，他们通过夸大他们在Facebook上的朋友数量来补偿 ）”可知，E选项 “as if they were treated as real friends in either friendly or aggressive situations.（就好像他们在友好或挑衅的情况下都被当作真正的朋友一样）”为对于“exaggerating their number of Facebook friends”（夸大他们在Facebook上的朋友数量）的具体说明，逻辑相符。故选E项。
【49题详解】
本段“So how do people assign traits to an object? In part, we rely on looks.”引入人们赋予物品特征主要根据外表。空后“An analysis of car sales in Germany found that cars with grilles that were upturned like smiles and headlights like narrowed eyes sold best.（一项对德国汽车销售的分析发现，有着像微笑一样向上翘起的格栅和像眯起眼睛一样的前灯的汽车销量最好）”为具体的例子；C选项“Some purchasers saw certain features as increasing a product's aggressiveness and friendliness, respectively.（一些购买者认为某些功能分别增加了产品的攻击性和友好性）”为下文的总结，其中“aggressiveness“及“friendliness ”与下一句中“headlights like narrowed eyes”及“grilles that were upturned like smiles”相对应。故选C项。
【50题详解】
根据空后“Most use symbols that were human or human-like（大多数使用人类或类似人类的符号 ）”并结合下文提及的公司使用的标志可知，A选项“It's little wonder so many companies use mascots to bring brands to life.（难怪这么多公司都用吉祥物来赋予品牌生命） ”为本段总起句，引出下文具体实例。故选A项。
IV. Summary Writing
51. Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Back in January, the Chinese tech giant Huawei grabbed the world's attention at the Consumer Electronics Show 2017 in Las Vegas. Richard Yu, the chief of the company's consumer division, said that Huawei shipped 139 million smartphones in 2016, an amazing number, although still far less than Samsung and Apple. More than half of Huawei's revenues come from outside China, making it one of only a few Chinese companies to have made the transition from a local business to a global brand.
What makes Huawei so successful? As with many great companies, part of the solution to this puzzle lies in the values that define the culture of the Chinese giant.
Many companies take customer-focused attitudes, but few of them truly live by it. Huawei distinguishes itself from its competitors in this regard. In an interview, Ren Zhengfei, founder and president of Huawei, mentioned an early episode in the company's history. In rural areas in China, rats often bit the telecom wires, destroying customers' connections. Multinational telecommunications companies providing service at that time did not consider this to be their problem, but rather that of the customers. Huawei, by contrast, thought it was their responsibility to solve the problem. In doing so, they developed chew-proof equipment and materials. Later on, the experience helped it gain several big orders in the Middle East, where similar problems exist.
Huawei emphasizes that the only way to obtain opportunities is through hard work. In the early years of the company, every new employee was given a blanket and a mattress. Many of them would work late into the night and then sleep in their offices. As one Huawei employee said, "The pads were to us a representation of hard work in the old days. This idea has now evolved into the spirit of trying to be the best in anything we do."
Ren and his company are also known for what they call "the power of thinking." Efforts are made to ensure regular intellectual exchanges. Executives are urged to read books outside their areas of expertise. Feedback is always invited across the company to improve ideas that will ultimately feed the vision of Huawei's future.
【答案】The past years have seen Huawei become a big global company. The key to its success lies in its culture. The company truly treats its customers like kings. Its employees work very hard so that they can be the best in whatever they do. Furthermore, Huaiwei encourages the company-wide exchange of ideas. Its future is planned with every employee's contributions.
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了华为公司的辉煌成就以及这些成就背后的原因。
【详解】1.要点摘录
（1）Back in January, the Chinese tech giant Huawei grabbed the world's attention at the Consumer Electronics Show 2017 in Las Vegas.
（2）As with many great companies, part of the solution to this puzzle lies in the values that define the culture of the Chinese giant.
（3）Many companies take customer-focused attitudes, but few of them truly live by it. Huawei distinguishes itself from its competitors in this regard.
（4）Huawei emphasizes that the only way to obtain opportunities is through hard work. In the early years of the company, every new employee was given a blanket and a mattress.
（5）Efforts are made to ensure regular intellectual exchanges.
2．缜密构思
将上述五个小点按照顺序，简化句子，保留核心意思，然后整合在一起即可。
3. 遣词造句
The past years have seen Huaiwei become a big global company.
The company truly treats its customers like kings.
Furthermore, Huaiwei encourages the company-wide exchange of ideas.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Its employees work very hard so that they can be the best in whatever they do.（so that引起目的状语从句；总结华为公司获得巨大成功的其中一个原因是员工工作很努力。）
[高分句型2] Its future is planned with every employee's contributions.（运用一般现在时的被动语态，表明华为公司的未来在于员工们的奉献。）
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 倾听不是保持沉默，而是尊重并思考说话人的真实意见。(not ... .but...)（汉译英）
【答案】Listening is not about being silent, but about respecting and considering the true opinion of the speaker.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配和一般现在时。该句在描述客观事实，所以句子用一般现在时；动名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；固定搭配：not ... .but...“不是……而是……”；表示“倾听不是保持沉默”用Listening is not about being silent，表示“而是尊重并思考说话人的真实意见”用but about respecting and considering the true opinion of the speaker，动名词短语作介词about的宾语。结合其他汉语提示，故答案为Listening is not about being silent, but about respecting and considering the true opinion of the speaker.
53. 日月如梭，我从没意识到母亲的脸上已皱纹纵横。(So) （汉译英）
【答案】So quickly did time fly that I never realized my mother's face was wrinkled.
【解析】
【详解】考查部分倒装句，结果状语从句和时态。结合句意和所给提示词So可知应该使用部分倒装句，so+副词+部分倒装结构+that从句，句子时态使用一般过去时。“日月如梭”可以翻译为：So quickly did time fly，结果状语从句部分主语是I，表示否定用never，谓语动词用realized，之后接宾语从句my mother's face was wrinkled（母亲的脸上已皱纹纵横）。故翻译为：So quickly did time fly that I never realized my mother's face was wrinkled.
54. 为了解决中国学生日益严重的游戏成瘾问题，法律要求其只能再有限的假期里才能接触网络游戏。(access) （汉译英）
【答案】In order to solve the increasingly serious problem of game addiction among Chinese students, the law requires them to access online games only during their limited holidays.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。为了可知翻译为“in order to”，放到句首做目的状语。解决中国学生日益严重的问题可知翻译为“solve the increasingly serious problem of ”；游戏成瘾可以翻译为“game addiction”；among Chines students “中国学生中”；法律翻译为“the law”，在句中做主语，要求某人做某事可以用“require sb.to do sth.”，句子的时态为一般现在时态，主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数；access“进入”，为动词；网络游戏可以翻译为“online games”；只能再有限的假期里可以翻译为“only during their limited holidays”，在句中做时间状语。故翻译为In order to solve the increasingly serious problem of game addiction among Chinese students, the law requires them to access online games only during their limited holidays.
55. 请排队等候列车到达，先下后上。请给年老、残疾、怀孕和怀抱婴儿的乘客让座。(exit) （汉译英）
【答案】Please queue up for the arrival of the train, exit first. Please give your seat to the elderly, disabled, pregnant or passengers carrying a baby.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和祈使句。两句话都是祈使句，用please+动词原形；“请”是please，“排队等候”是固定短语queue up for，“列车到达”用名词短语the arrival of the train作宾语，“先下后上”是exit first，因此第一句话翻译为 “Please queue up for the arrival of the train, exit first.”。“给……让座”是give your seat to sb.，“年老、残疾、怀孕和怀抱婴儿的乘客”是the elderly, disabled, pregnant or passengers carrying a baby，其中carrying a baby是现在分词作后置定语，因此第二句翻译为“Please give your seat to the elderly, disabled, pregnant or passengers carrying a baby”。故答案为Please queue up for the arrival of the train, exit first. Please give your seat to the elderly, disabled, pregnant or passengers carrying a baby.
VI. Guided Writing
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
下图是一幅关于风雨下花朵的图片，请根据要求写一篇论说文。你的文章需要包括：

1. 简要描述图片，对比两种情境下的花；
2.根据你或他人的生活经历，谈谈如何做一朵“坚强的花”。
【答案】There are two flowers in the picture. One flower is well protected in the wind and rain, while the other flower stands against the wind and receives the baptism of wind and rain. Then, when these two flowers experience wind and rain, the one that is well protected withered, and the one that receives wind and rain baptism is unscathed, standing strong in the wind and rain.
At present, we live on easy street. We are always protected by our parents, which is not a good thing. Eventually we have to face society alone. We must learn not to flinch in the face of difficulties, brave to face the hardships in life. Do a strong flower, not afraid of wind and rain out of a comfortable life, to a strong.
Life is a to struggle, only the courage to climb to create brilliant; Life is to pay, only to bear hardships and sweat to achieve the ideal; Life is to enjoy, only taste life to perceive the happiness of life.
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于议论文。图中是一幅关于风雨下花朵的图片，请根据要求写一篇论说文。
【详解】1.词汇积累
目前，当前：at present→nowadays→current
最后：eventually→in the end→at last
杰出的：brilliant→excellent→outstanding
努力：struggle→strive→attempt
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：Eventually we have to face society alone. We must learn not to flinch in the face of difficulties, brave to face the hardships in life.
拓展句：Eventually we have to face society alone，where we must learn not to flinch in the face of difficulties, brave to face the hardships in life.
【点睛】[高分句型1] We are always protected by our parents, which is not a good thing. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] when these two flowers experience wind and rain, the one that is well protected withered, and the one that receives wind and rain baptism is unscathed, standing strong in the wind and rain. (运用了when引导的时间状语从句，that引导的定语从句和现在分词作伴随状语)