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2020年初中英语一轮复习 人教新目标 第2篇 语法专题突破 语法专题14 宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句精品课件
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这是一份2020年初中英语一轮复习 人教新目标 第2篇 语法专题突破 语法专题14 宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句精品课件，共43页。PPT课件主要包含了考点一 引导词，考点二 语序，考点三 时态，考点四 否定前移，语法综合演练，unless，what，whothat，where，whose等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Clause 1 宾语从句
[注意] 下列几种情况,宾语从句中的引导词通常用whether：(1)表示“是否”,尤其是直接与r nt 连用时,往往用whether。I dn't knw whether r nt he has cme back. 我不知道他是否已经回来了。(2)在介词后面只能用whether,不能用if。This depends upn whether we are determined t d it. 这要看我们是否有决心去做。
(3)和动词不定式连用时,只能用whether,不能用if。He desn't knw whether t stay r nt. 他不知道是否要留下来。(4)在及物动词discuss后的宾语从句中,只能用whether,不能用if。 We discussed whether we shuld make a change in ur plan. 我们讨论了是否应该对计划进行变动。
无论主句是什么语序,在宾语从句中,除了引导词放在从句的句首外,要用陈述语序,即“主语+谓语+……”。但是,当连接代词本身在宾语从句中充当主语时,则要保持原来的语序,即“连接代词+谓语+……”。The teacher asked me why I was late this mrning.老师问我今天早晨为什么迟到了。I dn't knw wh is the richest f them. (wh在宾语从句中作主语)我不知道他们中谁最富有。
宾语从句的时态在一定程度上受到主句时态的制约,这种现象被称为前后时态的一致性。宾语从句的时态有以下几种情况：1. 主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况可用各种时态。D yu knw wh he was talking with at eight last Sunday? 你知道上周日八点他正在和谁谈话吗?
2. 主句是一般过去时,从句也应用过去的某种时态。The teacher wanted t knw if her students had finished their hmewrk. 这位老师想知道她的学生是否已完成了家庭作业。
3. 当宾语从句是客观真理或客观事实时,其时态不受主句时态影响,仍用一般现在时。She said the sun rises in the east. 她说太阳从东方升起。I didn't knw yu like classical music.我过去不知道你喜欢古典音乐。
在含有think(认为), believe(相信), suppse(设想), expect(期待)等动词的宾语从句中,如果从句中的谓语动词要用否定形式,则其否定式要前移,即将主句的谓语动词think, believe, suppse, expect等变为否定形式。I dn't think yu are right. 我认为你不对。[注意] 如果宾语从句中有宾语补足语,要使用形式宾语it,将从句放在宾语补足语之后。I thught it strange that she didn't cme. 我认为她没来很奇怪。
考点五 宾语从句的简化
当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是knw, remember, frget, learn等时,宾语从句常可以转换为“特殊疑问词+t d”结构的简单句。I dn't knw what I shuld say.→I dn't knw what t say.我不知道要说什么。
Clause 2 状语从句
状语从句的考查点主要集中在引导状语从句的连词和状语从句的时态等方面。状语从句分为地点状语从句、时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、比较状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句和方式状语从句。现归纳如下：
【拓展】 1. 主句与从句时态一致的问题在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,主句和从句的时态一致一般分为下列三种情况：(1)主现从现： 若主句是祈使句或主句中有情态动词,那么从句用一般现在时表示将来。Be careful when yu crss the rad. 过马路时要小心。The traffic must stp when the lights are red. 当红灯亮时,车辆必须停下来。
(2)主将从现： 主句用一般将来时,而从句用一般现在时表示将来。I will visit my gd friend when I have time. 当我有空时,我将去看望我的好友。If she is here tmrrw, I will g t the park with her. 如果明天她来这里,我将和她一起去公园。(3)过去时态： 若主从句都是在叙述过去的事情,则主从句可以用一般过去时或过去进行时。My sister was playing the pian when I gt hme yesterday. 昨天我到家时,我妹妹正在弹钢琴。
2. 宾语从句和状语从句同时出现I dn't knw if(是否) he will cme. If(如果) he cmes, I will tell him abut the accident. 我不知道他是否会来。如果他来的话,我将告诉他这起事故。I dn't knw when(什么时候) he will cme tmrrw. When(当……的时候) he cmes, I will tell him abut the news. 我不知道他明天什么时候来。当他来时,我将告诉他这个消息。
3. s…that…和such…that…的用法
Clause 3 定语从句
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。He is the man wh I want t see. 他就是我想要见的那个人。 先行词 关系词 定语从句引导定语从句的有关系代词wh, that, which, whm, whse和关系副词when, where, why。一般情况下,如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词,关系词应用wh, whm, whse或that;先行词如果是表示物的名词或代词,关系词应用whse, that或which。关系词有三个作用：1. 引导定语从句; 2. 代替先行词; 3. 在定语从句中充当某种成分。
考点一 关系代词的用法
[归纳] 1. 关系代词只能用that的情况
2. 关系代词只能用which的情况：(1)当关系词前面有介词,指物时常用which。The cmpany in which he wrks is big.他工作的那家公司很大。 (2)非限制性定语从句指物时,多用which。The result f the experiment was very gd, which pleased us. 实验的结果很好,这令我们十分高兴。(3)如果先行词本身是that或thse,只能用which。This is that which he bught yesterday. 这就是他昨天买的那个(东西)。
考点二 关系副词的用法
【比较】 1. This is the place where I spent my childhd. (表地点,在定语从句中作地点状语) This is the place which/that I visited last summer. (在定语从句中作visited的宾语) 2. I'll never frget the days which/that we spent tgether. (在定语从句中作spent 的宾语)I'll never frget the days when we lived tgether in the cuntry. (表时间,在定语从句中作时间状语)3. The reasn which/that he gave is that he gt up late. (在定语从句中作gave的宾语)The reasn why he was late is that he gt up late.(表原因,在定语从句中作原因状语)
Ⅰ.用恰当的连词填空。1. Milk quickly ges bad it's put in the fridge. 2. —D yu knw the girl in white is? —I'm nt sure. Maybe she is a dctr.3. I think the man is painting ver there might be ur art teacher. 4. —Des anyne knw the famus scientist was brn? —I knw! In New Yrk.5. —Is there anyne name is Betty? —Srry, I dn't knw.
6. —Culd yu tell me yu will travel t Lndn? —Sure. Next mnth.7. Mlly didn't have dinner she finished ding hmewrk. 8. we were very tired, we felt happy.
Thugh/Althugh
Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子。9. 除非亲眼所见,否则你无法想象我们家乡的变化有多大。Yu can't imagine hw greatly ur hmetwn has changed . 10. 我确信他会准时到达。 I am sure . 11. 每天,他都早起,以便能赶上第一班车。Every day, he gets up early he can catch the first bus.
12. 我不知道他们住在哪儿。I didn't knw . 13. 科学家说地球绕着太阳转。Scientists said .
Ⅲ.句型转换14. Jhn asked, “Can yu care fr my pet cat while I'm away?”(改为宾语从句)Jhn asked I care fr his pet cat while he was away. 15. Jenny was t excited t express herself clearly.(改为复合句)Jenny was excited she culdn't express herself clearly. 16. Let's discuss hw we shall g t the Sea Wrld. (改为同义句)Let's discuss g t the Sea Wrld.
17.“D yu have a ty car?” Jack asked his brther.(改为宾语从句)Jack asked his brther he a ty car. 18.“Whse schlbag is n the desk?” Father asked.(改为复合句)Father asked schlbag n the desk.
Clause 1 宾语从句
[注意] 下列几种情况,宾语从句中的引导词通常用whether：(1)表示“是否”,尤其是直接与r nt 连用时,往往用whether。I dn't knw whether r nt he has cme back. 我不知道他是否已经回来了。(2)在介词后面只能用whether,不能用if。This depends upn whether we are determined t d it. 这要看我们是否有决心去做。
(3)和动词不定式连用时,只能用whether,不能用if。He desn't knw whether t stay r nt. 他不知道是否要留下来。(4)在及物动词discuss后的宾语从句中,只能用whether,不能用if。 We discussed whether we shuld make a change in ur plan. 我们讨论了是否应该对计划进行变动。
无论主句是什么语序,在宾语从句中,除了引导词放在从句的句首外,要用陈述语序,即“主语+谓语+……”。但是,当连接代词本身在宾语从句中充当主语时,则要保持原来的语序,即“连接代词+谓语+……”。The teacher asked me why I was late this mrning.老师问我今天早晨为什么迟到了。I dn't knw wh is the richest f them. (wh在宾语从句中作主语)我不知道他们中谁最富有。
宾语从句的时态在一定程度上受到主句时态的制约,这种现象被称为前后时态的一致性。宾语从句的时态有以下几种情况：1. 主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况可用各种时态。D yu knw wh he was talking with at eight last Sunday? 你知道上周日八点他正在和谁谈话吗?
2. 主句是一般过去时,从句也应用过去的某种时态。The teacher wanted t knw if her students had finished their hmewrk. 这位老师想知道她的学生是否已完成了家庭作业。
3. 当宾语从句是客观真理或客观事实时,其时态不受主句时态影响,仍用一般现在时。She said the sun rises in the east. 她说太阳从东方升起。I didn't knw yu like classical music.我过去不知道你喜欢古典音乐。
在含有think(认为), believe(相信), suppse(设想), expect(期待)等动词的宾语从句中,如果从句中的谓语动词要用否定形式,则其否定式要前移,即将主句的谓语动词think, believe, suppse, expect等变为否定形式。I dn't think yu are right. 我认为你不对。[注意] 如果宾语从句中有宾语补足语,要使用形式宾语it,将从句放在宾语补足语之后。I thught it strange that she didn't cme. 我认为她没来很奇怪。
考点五 宾语从句的简化
当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是knw, remember, frget, learn等时,宾语从句常可以转换为“特殊疑问词+t d”结构的简单句。I dn't knw what I shuld say.→I dn't knw what t say.我不知道要说什么。
Clause 2 状语从句
状语从句的考查点主要集中在引导状语从句的连词和状语从句的时态等方面。状语从句分为地点状语从句、时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、比较状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句和方式状语从句。现归纳如下：
【拓展】 1. 主句与从句时态一致的问题在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,主句和从句的时态一致一般分为下列三种情况：(1)主现从现： 若主句是祈使句或主句中有情态动词,那么从句用一般现在时表示将来。Be careful when yu crss the rad. 过马路时要小心。The traffic must stp when the lights are red. 当红灯亮时,车辆必须停下来。
(2)主将从现： 主句用一般将来时,而从句用一般现在时表示将来。I will visit my gd friend when I have time. 当我有空时,我将去看望我的好友。If she is here tmrrw, I will g t the park with her. 如果明天她来这里,我将和她一起去公园。(3)过去时态： 若主从句都是在叙述过去的事情,则主从句可以用一般过去时或过去进行时。My sister was playing the pian when I gt hme yesterday. 昨天我到家时,我妹妹正在弹钢琴。
2. 宾语从句和状语从句同时出现I dn't knw if(是否) he will cme. If(如果) he cmes, I will tell him abut the accident. 我不知道他是否会来。如果他来的话,我将告诉他这起事故。I dn't knw when(什么时候) he will cme tmrrw. When(当……的时候) he cmes, I will tell him abut the news. 我不知道他明天什么时候来。当他来时,我将告诉他这个消息。
3. s…that…和such…that…的用法
Clause 3 定语从句
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。He is the man wh I want t see. 他就是我想要见的那个人。 先行词 关系词 定语从句引导定语从句的有关系代词wh, that, which, whm, whse和关系副词when, where, why。一般情况下,如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词,关系词应用wh, whm, whse或that;先行词如果是表示物的名词或代词,关系词应用whse, that或which。关系词有三个作用：1. 引导定语从句; 2. 代替先行词; 3. 在定语从句中充当某种成分。
考点一 关系代词的用法
[归纳] 1. 关系代词只能用that的情况
2. 关系代词只能用which的情况：(1)当关系词前面有介词,指物时常用which。The cmpany in which he wrks is big.他工作的那家公司很大。 (2)非限制性定语从句指物时,多用which。The result f the experiment was very gd, which pleased us. 实验的结果很好,这令我们十分高兴。(3)如果先行词本身是that或thse,只能用which。This is that which he bught yesterday. 这就是他昨天买的那个(东西)。
考点二 关系副词的用法
【比较】 1. This is the place where I spent my childhd. (表地点,在定语从句中作地点状语) This is the place which/that I visited last summer. (在定语从句中作visited的宾语) 2. I'll never frget the days which/that we spent tgether. (在定语从句中作spent 的宾语)I'll never frget the days when we lived tgether in the cuntry. (表时间,在定语从句中作时间状语)3. The reasn which/that he gave is that he gt up late. (在定语从句中作gave的宾语)The reasn why he was late is that he gt up late.(表原因,在定语从句中作原因状语)
Ⅰ.用恰当的连词填空。1. Milk quickly ges bad it's put in the fridge. 2. —D yu knw the girl in white is? —I'm nt sure. Maybe she is a dctr.3. I think the man is painting ver there might be ur art teacher. 4. —Des anyne knw the famus scientist was brn? —I knw! In New Yrk.5. —Is there anyne name is Betty? —Srry, I dn't knw.
6. —Culd yu tell me yu will travel t Lndn? —Sure. Next mnth.7. Mlly didn't have dinner she finished ding hmewrk. 8. we were very tired, we felt happy.
Thugh/Althugh
Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子。9. 除非亲眼所见,否则你无法想象我们家乡的变化有多大。Yu can't imagine hw greatly ur hmetwn has changed . 10. 我确信他会准时到达。 I am sure . 11. 每天,他都早起,以便能赶上第一班车。Every day, he gets up early he can catch the first bus.
12. 我不知道他们住在哪儿。I didn't knw . 13. 科学家说地球绕着太阳转。Scientists said .
Ⅲ.句型转换14. Jhn asked, “Can yu care fr my pet cat while I'm away?”(改为宾语从句)Jhn asked I care fr his pet cat while he was away. 15. Jenny was t excited t express herself clearly.(改为复合句)Jenny was excited she culdn't express herself clearly. 16. Let's discuss hw we shall g t the Sea Wrld. (改为同义句)Let's discuss g t the Sea Wrld.
17.“D yu have a ty car?” Jack asked his brther.(改为宾语从句)Jack asked his brther he a ty car. 18.“Whse schlbag is n the desk?” Father asked.(改为复合句)Father asked schlbag n the desk.
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