英语九年级【知识精讲】8.动词时态(6)现在完成时 课件
展开现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。如:—Have yu had breakfast yet? 你吃过早饭了吗? —Yes, I have. I’ve just had it. 是的,我吃过了。我刚吃过。(现在我不饿了)
(1)表示到现在为止已发生或完成的动作,其结果和影响依然存在。常与already, just,yet,recently,befre,twice等时间状语连用。Li Ming has just turned ff the light. (结果:灯已经关了)I've finished my hmewrk already. (结果:我把作业已经写完了)Smene has brken the windw.(结果:窗户仍破着)
(2)过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在,甚至有可能继续延续下去。常与“since+时间点 ” 、 “ fr+时间段” 及s far、hw lng、ever、by nw、 in the last/past few years,up t nw,lately,till nw等时间状语连用。Peter has written six papers s far.He has been in the army fr three years. My brther has been away frm hme since three years ag.
主+has/have+dne(过去分词)+其他.
I have been t Beijing three times.She has never been t Beijing.They have just gne t Beijing.说明:主语为第三人称单数时助动词用has,其余人称用have。
注意:1. have nt 常缩写为haven’t,has nt 常缩写为hasn’t。 2. have/has可与主语缩写在一起,如:I have=I’ve He has=He’s
4、动词过去分词的变化规律
不规则动词的过去分词需特殊记忆
AAA 型: 1. cut-cut-cut 2. shut-shut-shut 3. put-put-put 4. set-set-set 5. let-let-let 6. read-read-read ABB 型:1. burn-burnt-burnt/burned-burned 2. hear-heard-heard 3. learn-learnt-learnt/learned-learned 4. mean-meant-meantABA 型: 1. becme-became-becme 2. cme-came-cme 3. run-ran-runABC 型 :1. see-saw-seen 2. eat-ate-eaten 3. fall-fell-fallen 4. give-gave-given
不规则变化(部分例词)
(1)特定句型, 用现在完成时。 1) It is the+序数词+time+that后面跟现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited yur beautiful city. 2)It is the best (wrst, mst interesting )+名词+that后面跟现在完成时。 That’s the mst interesting bk I’ve ever read.
5、现在完成时的用法强调
(2) have/has been与have/has gne用法辨析1) have gne t意思是“已经去了某地”,强调到现在还没有回来。如:They have gne t America. 他们去美国了。(说明到现在还没回来,说话的时候“他们”并不在身边)2) have been t意思是“曾经去过某地”,强调现在已经回来了。如:She has been t the desert. 她去过沙漠了。(说明说话的时候她已经回来了。)
3)have gne t和have been t不能和表过去的时间状语连用。如:I went t the library last week. (√) I have gne t the library last week.(×)4)have been in与have been t的区别。have been in指去某地并待了一段时间,后面可以加时间状语;have been t只是强调“去过(某地)”的概念,为不可延续的动作。如:I've been in UK fr a mnth. (√) I've been t UK fr a mnth. (×)
(3)already和yet在现在完成时中的用法 1) already和yet都有“已经”的意思,但already常用于肯定句,放在have/has之后,过去分词之前;yet常用于疑问句,并用于句末。 如:I have already seen the film. 我已经看过这部电影了。 Have yu seen the film yet? 你已经看过这部电影了吗? 2) yet用于否定中,意为“还(没);尚(未)”,通常位于句末。 如:I haven't seen the film yet. 我还未看过这部电影。
3) already和yet之间的转换,在现在完成时态的句子中,含有already的陈述句变为否定句或疑问句时,要把already改为yet,并放于句末。 如:I have already finished reading the bk. (肯定句) 我已经读完这本书了。 I haven’t finished reading the bk yet. (否定句) 我还没有读完这本书。 Have yu finished reading the bk yet? (一般疑问句) 你已经读完这本书了吗?
(4)持续一段时间:fr…/since… fr+一段时间 since+时间点(单词、短语、句子) I have learnt English fr ten years. I have had a fever since yesterday. They have lived in that huse since tw years ag. Lily has stayed at hme since she left schl.
单项选择His grandfather and grandmther _____Chngqing fr 40 years. They like living there.A. have been inB. have been tC. have gne t D. have mved t
同义句转换。He left Shanghai five minutes ag. Nw he isn't in Shanghai.He ________ ________ ________ ________ Shanghai fr five minutes.
答案:has been away frm
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