英语九年级【知识精讲】13.句法(1)句子的成分 课件
展开修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子
用来修饰v., adj., adv., r 句子
一、主语:句子说明的人或事物,表示的是“谁”或“什么”。The sun rises in the east. (名词) He likes dancing. (代词)Twenty years is a shrt time in histry. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) T see is t believe.(不定式) What he needs is a bk.(主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is rund and tall like a tree.(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)
二、谓语:是说明主语在“干什么”或“怎么样”,英语句子的谓语都是由动词充当。根据谓语动词本身的特点,谓语又可分为以下几种不同的形式:不及物动词作谓语;及物动词作谓语;系动词作谓语;以及带情态动词或助动词的复合谓语等等。
We study English. He is asleep. I dn't like the picture n the wall. The days get lnger and lnger when summer cmes. They can drive cars. There will be a meeting at the library this afternn.
三、表语:系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。He is a teacher. (名词) Five and five is ten. (数词) He is asleep. (形容词) His father is in.(副词) The picture is n the wall. (介词短语)My watch is gne / missing / lst. (形容词化的分词)The questin is whether they will cme. (表语从句)
常见的系动词有:be, sund(听起来), lk (看起来), feel (摸起来),smell (闻起来),taste (尝、吃起来), remain (保持,仍是), feel (感觉) …. It sunds a gd idea. Tm lks thin.The fd smells delicius. The fd tastes gd.The dr remains pen. Nw I feel tired.
四、宾语: 1)动作的承受者——动宾 I like China. (名词) He hates yu. (代词) —Hw many d yu need? —We need tw. (数词) I enjy wrking with yu. (动名词) I hpe t see yu again. (不定式) Did yu write dwn what he said? (宾语从句)
2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾Are yu afraid f the snake?3)双宾语——间宾(指人)和直宾(指物) He gave me a bk yesterday. Give the pr man sme mney.
五、宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。We all think it a pity that she didn’t cme here. (名词)We will make them happy. (形容词) We fund nbdy in. (副词 )Please make yurself at hme. (介词短语)Dn’t let him d that. (省t不定式)
六、定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词) He is ur friend. (代词)We belng t the third wrld.(数词) He was advised t teach the lazy by a lessn.(形容词)The man ver there is my ld friend.(副词)
The wman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)The bys playing ftball are in Class 2. (现在分词)The trees planted last year are grwing well nw. (过去分词)Yu shuld d everything that I d. (定语从句)
七、状语:用来修饰v., adj., adv., r 句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。I will g there tmrrw. (时间) The meeting will be held in the meeting rm.(地点)The meat went bad because f the ht weather. (原因) He studies hard t learn English well.(目的)
He didn’t study hard s that he failed in the exam. (结果)I like sme f yu very much.(程度)If yu study hard, yu will pass the exam. (条件) He ges t schl by bike.(方式)Thugh he is yung, he can d it well.(让步)
[经典考题]指出下列句子画线部分是什么句子成分Nbdy can make the man laugh because he is such a serius man.
[经典考题]指出下列句子画线部分是什么句子成分Nbdy can make the man laugh because he is such a serius man.答案:宾语补足语
[经典考题]指出下列句子画线部分是什么句子成分Mike tld me just nw that Jhn wuld visit me the next day.
[经典考题]指出下列句子画线部分是什么句子成分Mike tld me just nw that Jhn wuld visit me the next day.答案:宾语从句作宾语
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