江苏省如皋中学2022届高三上学期10月第一次阶段考试英语试题 含答案

这是一份江苏省如皋中学2022届高三上学期10月第一次阶段考试英语试题 含答案，共13页。试卷主要包含了5 分，满分 7等内容，欢迎下载使用。

江苏省如皋高级中学2021-2022学年第一学期第一次阶段考试
高三英语
第I卷(选择题)
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 (共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £9.15. C. £9.18.
答案是B。
1. When will the lecture be given?
A. On June 10th. B. On June 11th. C. On June 12th.
2. What caused the company sales to increase?
A. The online marketing campaign.
B. The extra salespeople.
C. The discount prices.
3. What is Jimmy doing?
A. Reading a storybook.
B. Doing his homework.
C. Playing computer games.
4. What does the woman suggest the man do?
A. Forgive the player.
B. Kick the player out.
C. Apologize to the player.
5. Where does the woman usually get the book?
A. In the shop.
B. In the supermarket.
C. On the Internet.

第二节 (共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。
6. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. The preparations for a camping.
B. The changeable weather.
C. Their favorite food.
7. What will the man take?
A. Bread. B. Hamburgers. C. Cards.
听第 7 段材料，回答第 8 至 10 题。
8. What is wrong with the woman?
A. She has a fever. B. She has a headache. C. She has a sleeping problem.
9. What did the woman do last night?
A. She prepared for a meeting.
B. She attended a meeting.
C. She went to bed early.
10. What does the man ask the woman to do?
A. Quit the job. B. Take some medicine. C. Have a rest.

听第 8 段材料，回答第 11 至 13 题。
11. Where does the conversation take place?
A. At a theater. B. At a hotel. C. At a snack bar.
12. What would the man probably do at 6 p.m. tomorrow?
A. Celebrate their wedding anniversary.
B. Attend a wedding ceremony.
C. Spend his 20th birthday.
13. How much should the man pay?
A. $100. B. $200. C. $300.

听第 9 段材料，回答第 14 至 17 题。
14. What is the most probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Colleagues. B. Schoolmates. C. Teacher and student.
15. What is the woman’s problem?
A. Her brother is disturbing her.
B. She has no dictionary to use.
C. Her parents can’t give her any advice.
16. What does the man suggest the woman do?
A. Tell her brother to stop.
B. Go to the library to study.
C. Ask her parents for help.
17. What is the woman embarrassed at?
A. Remembering little from History.
B. Reviewing by singing her notes.
C. Writing down what she has read.

听第 10 段材料，回答第 18 至 20 题。
18. What was the main meal for people in Prussia in the 18th century?
A. Rice. B. Potatoes. C. Bread.
19. How did people feel about the potatoes in the palace garden?
A. Disappointed. B. Curious. C. Anxious.
20. What can we learn about the king?
A. He was very smart. B. He liked making jokes. C. He was crazy about potatoes.

第二部分 阅读理解 (本大题共20小题，共50分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Honors Program
The honors program is for students who have enjoyed their experience in research with a guide teacher and are looking for a highlight experience during their final year. The program has specific requirements for our majors described below.
Application
Students participate in the honors program during their final year. Students who expect to have a 3.5 accumulative GPA by fall of senior year should have identified a guide teacher and applied for NBB honors by May 1st of their third year. Applications are brief and include basic infomation such as guide teacher name, project title, and current GPA.
Coursework
During senior year, honors students take two research-experience courses. Participation in these courses includes at least 12 hours of work on the research project each week as well as weekly meetings with other researchers to develop professional skills.
Essay
The majority of our majors work with guide teachers in research experiences, and many students co-author manuscripts (手稿) published in leading journals. However, only honors students are guided and helped through the process of writing an essay. All students’ essays are published online through the university library and, after the data being forbidden to be included in other articles, the essays are available to search.

21. Which of the following is the requirement of the honors program?
A. Students should take two relevant courses.
B. Students should spend 12 hours researching.
C. Students should finish their essays on their own.
D. Students should apply by May 1st in the fourth year.
22. What privilege do honors students have?
A. Access to leading journals. B. Guidance in writing an essay.
C. Including the data in other articles. D. Publishing essays through the library.
23. Who is the passage intended for?
A. Guide teachers. B. Researchers.
C. College Students. D. Professors.

B
Off the coast of Formentera, an island, lives seagrass that stretches 15 km. The seagrass, covering several kilometers, is made up of a single organism. The grasses are also long-lived, for tens or hundreds of thousands of years. Along with two other kinds of coastal ecosystem – mangrove (红树林) swamps and tidal marshes (潮汐沼泽) – seagrass fields are particularly good at taking carbon dioxide from the air.
This role was highlighted in a report published on March 2nd by UNESCO, on “blue carbon” – the carbon stored by Earth’s oceanic and coastal ecosystems. In total around 3,300 million tons of carbon dioxide (about three-quarters of the world’s emissions in 2019) are locked away in the planet’s blue-carbon sinks. Research by Carlos Duarte, the report’s author and an ecologist, has shown that one hectare of seagrass can suck as much carbon dioxide each year as 15 hectares of rainforest.
One reason that blue-carbon ecosystems make such effective sinks is that underwater forests are thicker than the land-based woods. They can also trap floating pieces and organic matter, which settles on the sea floor and can double the amount of carbon stored away. They possess another advantage, too. Climate change is leading to more wildfires around the world. As forests burn, their carbon stocks are sent back into the atmosphere. Unlike forests on land, blue-carbon ecosystems do not burn.
Blue-carbon ecosystems may not be fired, but they remain affected by other sorts of disasters. In May 2020 cyclone Amphan destroyed 1,200 square kilometers of mangrove forests. A marine heatwave in Australian waters in 2010 and 2011 damaged around one third of the world’s largest seagrass field in Shark Bay. Mangrove forests can weaken or control waves and provide natural barriers to storm surges. Protecting and expanding them, then, appears to be a must.

24. What do the blue-carbon ecosystems consist of?
A. The carbon stored in coastal ecosystems.
B. Seagrass living off the coast of Formentera.
C. A single organism, seagrass fields and forests on land.
D. Seagrass fields, mangrove swamps and tidal marshes.
25. What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?
A. The concrete role of “blue carbon”.
B. The special features of the seagrass.
C. The storage ability of the blue-carbon sinks.
D. The findings about the blue-carbon ecosystems.
26. Why can the blue-carbon ecosystems make such effective sinks?
A. Because they aren’t influenced by disasters.
B. Because there is more carbon in water than on land.
C. Because their carbon stocks are released back.
D. Because they have greater absorbing ability.
27. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?
A. To add background information. B. To give suggestions.
C. To list influential examples. D. To offer scientific data.

C
Today’s journalists face modern challenges. Online media platforms are springing up. And the lowly newspaper—and its reporters—are fighting money, tech, and distrust issues. Journalism students and teachers must emphasize new skills to keep their profession alive.
A trustworthy press helps inform people and monitor all levels of government. That is essential to a nation. Yet this useful establishment is growing increasingly unpopular. According to the University of North Carolina (UNC), newsroom jobs across the Country are fewer than half what they were 10 years ago. And on many college campuses, the news about the news is bleak too.
Take the Syracuse, New York, student-run newspaper The Daily Orange: It isn’t daily anymore. The paper prints just three times each week. Next year, The Diamondback of the University of Maryland will be online only. Half the newspapers that still exist on paper say they don’t print as many copies. And UNC’s The Daily Tar Heel has cut staff pay and rented cheaper offices to make its budget.
Considering the problems in journalism, it’s surprising that the enrollment (注册人数) in college journalism programs is up. The Daily Orange managing editor Catherine Leffert calls the layoffs and cutbacks disheartening. “But what keeps me wanting to be a journalist is seeing the effect that The Daily Orange has,” he says.
But journalism educators wonder, “Are we preparing young people for a dying industry?” Years ago, journalism graduates took low-level reporter jobs at newspapers or television stations. That still happens. But today’s jobs more often involve digital editing, social media production, and video streaming. Some universities are taking action. The University of Florida offers a sports media program. Several schools highlight statistics-driven data journalism.
The news isn’t all bad. Journalism professor Kathleen Culver says, “When I look at 18-and 20-year-olds in journalism and see what they want to do, I’m optimistic.” Maddy Arrowood is the student editor of The Daily Tar Heel. She says her experience makes her more interested in a journalism career, not less. Her optimism “comes from knowing that people still need news. They still need information.”
28. What does the underlined word “bleak” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Hopeless B. Interesting C. Useless D. Encouraging
29. How do some universities respond to today’s journalism?
A. They reduce student enrollment.
B. They offer students specialized programs.
C. They prepare students for low-level reporter jobs.
D. They encourage students to run their own newspaper.
30. Why is Maddy Arrowood mentioned in the last paragraph?
A. To show people’s positive attitudes to journalists.
B. To prove the potential of a career in journalism.
C. To show the popularity of The Daily Tar Heel.
D. To prove people’s thirst for the latest news.
31. What might be the best title for the text?
A. What is journalism? B. What does a journalist do?
C. Does journalism have a future? D. Are journalists still influential today?

D
This is going to ruffle (激怒) a few feathers.
PepsiCo purposely packs fewer chips into its flavored chip bags, Hugh Johnston, the company's CFO, told the Associated Press. “There might be an ounce or two less in those bags,” Johnston said. Actually, it's half an ounce less. Regular Lay's are sold in 10-ounce bags; flavored Lay's are sold in 9.5-ounce bags; and both are sold for the same $4.29 price. That might not sound like a lot, but it will sound like a lot with a bit of simple maths.
Americans buy some $1.6 billion worth of Lay's potato chips every year. Much of that is sold in bulk—or merely in bags bigger than the standard ones mentioned above. But let's assume for a second that those 10-ounce bags are the only ones Lay's sells. That would mean the company sells more than 372 million bags of Lay's in the US each year—or 3.72 billion ounces of chips, at about 43 cents per ounce. It would also mean that that half­ounce difference is worth about 21.5 cents per bag, and about $80 million in total per year.
That number is likely a good deal lower, but it's not entirely unreasonable. If Lay's is charging an extra payment for the smaller flavored chip bags, it's likely doing the same for the bigger ones, too. That tiny half­ounce difference might only mean a potato chip or two to you, but it's probably worth tens of millions of dollars to PepsiCo annually.
PepsiCo confirmed that flavored and unflavored Lay's chips are sold for the same price, but not in the same quantity. “This allows us to keep the same price point across the brand,” Jeff Dahncke said in an email. He also suggested that the chip difference has nothing to do with extra profit. “The reason why there is a slightly higher price per ounce for flavored chips is the added seasonings (调味品),” he said. But that doesn't appear to be the case.
Some of the mark­ups are simply meant to make up for the added input costs of cheese, barbecue, sour cream and onion, and other flavorings. But some of them are also there (or not there) to increase the potato chip maker's profits. PepsiCo has a soft spot for its specialty potato chips, because its specialty potato chips are more profitable than its regular ones, according to Johnston.
Perhaps that's why Lay's is getting ready to launch a mass of new specialty potato chip flavors. The launch is part of PepsiCo's annual “Do Us a Flavor” contest, in which it lets customers participate in the flavor creation process.

32. What did PepsiCo do to arouse public dissatisfaction?
A. They gave short weight to their flavored chips.
B. They raised the price of their flavored chips.
C. They changed the flavors of their potato chips.
D. They put more seasonings into their potato chips.
33. How is Paragraph 3 mainly developed?
A. By listing figures. B. By giving examples.
C. By analyzing causes. D. By making comparisons.
34. Why do Lay's flavored chips charge more per ounce according to Jeff Dahncke?
A. To make more profits. B. To upgrade their products.
C. To balance additional costs. D. To satisfy more people's taste.
35. What does the underlined phrase “has a soft spot for” in the last but one paragraph mean?
A. Has a say in. B. Has a look at.
C. Has access to. D. Has affection for.
第二节 阅读七选五 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The guy who tried to edit English
The English vocabulary is not only huge, but also full of words that mean practically the same thing - Get, obtain, acquire. Shine, gleam, glow, sparkle. 36. _____
That was the thinking of a British writer named C. K. Ogden, who in the 1930s proposed a new form of English with a vocabulary of just 850 words. He called the project Basic English 37. _____
Ogden arrived at his 850-word list through experimentation, rephrasing texts over and over until he was satisfied. The words he finally included were not necessarily the shortest or most concrete. 38. _____ Because any verbal idea could be expressed with a small number of “operators” -- words like come, go, get, take, have, make, be, and do. Ogden argued that most verbs were unnecessary. In Basic English, “eat” is “have a meal” and “forget” is “go from memory”.
Winston Churchill was a fan of the concept as a way to get foreigners to speak English, and he encouraged the BBC to use it. 39. _____ Roosevelt, who expressed mild interest, joked that Churchill's famous speech about offering his “blood, toil, tears, and sweat” to his country wouldn't have been so exciting if he “had been able to offer the British people only blood, work, eye water, and face water, which I understand is the best that Basic English can do with five famous words.”
40. _____ Churchill didn't use it either. When seeking to express ourselves, we don't necessarily need fewer words; we need the right words. So, it's to our benefit to have a large supply on hand.

A. Do we really need them all?
B. How many words are there in English?
C. Ogden himself didn't actually use Basic English.
D. Plenty of seemingly basic words did not make the list at all.
E. He also tried to persuade President Franklin Roosevelt to promote it.
F. He believed it would make the language more efficient and easier to learn.
G. Despite attention from world leaders, Basic English never got very far off the drawing board.

第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分)
第一节 完形填空 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Life can get tough, but it's important to keep fighting for the better. In particular, due to COVID-19, many more people are struggling with _41_ challenges right now, whether that's illness, inability to move around _42_, or a reduction in contact with friends and family. Let's explore some ways to keeping fighting and get through the difficult times.
Change any expectations you have of yourself. It's okay to slow down and _43_ the number of things you have on your plate. Actually, it's impossible to _44_ at your full potential in a hard time. So, understand and accept that you're going through a rough patch and allow yourself to _45_ to this period in your life.
Be kind to yourself. Whatever it is that you're going through, make it part of your _46_ to do something every day that makes you happy. Don't focus on the big, unsustainable gestures like trips abroad. _47_, focus on the smaller pleasures in life, like having a cup of really good coffee or a hot bath.
Reduce your exposure to things that _48_ negative emotions. When you are mentally strong, you might be fine watching the news about _49_ events because you know that life isn't always like this. But when you're mentally weak, you might _50_ yourself that life is all doom and gloom. The _51_ hasn't changed---your state of mind has.
Finally, don't be afraid to _52_ for help. We all need a helping hand sometimes. It's _53_ to be ashamed of. Online forums are a great way to find _54_ because they focus on the problem at hand, and you'll always find people going through _55_ issues. You may not get a solution to your troubles, but sometimes just being able to share your feelings is enough.

41. A. worthy B. various C. technological D. psychologica1
42. A. physically B. merrily C. instantly D. freely
43. A. increase B. keep C. reduce D. show
44. A. perform B. press C. profit D. plot
45. A. adore B. adjust C. apply D. appeal
46. A. favor B. intension C. occupation D. routine
47. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Instead D. Furthermore
48. A. produce B. define C. switch D. weaken
49. A. positive B. negative C. grand D. sporting
50. A. convince B. encourage C. inspire D. persuade
51. A. environment B. gesture C. emotion D. news
52. A. turn out B. reach out C. lay out D. wear out
53. A. anything B. everything C. nothing D. something
54. A. ambition B. evidence C. preference D. support
55. A. similar B. foreseeable C. dynamic D. tough

第II卷(非选择题)
第二节 语法填空 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese scientist Yuan Longping, globally known for developing the first hybrid rice strain in 1973 that relieved countless people 56. _____ hunger, passed away on Saturday at the age of 91.
The scientist spent over five decades researching and improving hybrid rice, 57. _____ has reached its third generation, feeding 58. _____ (near) one-fifth of the world's population with less than 9 percent of the world's total land. In China, the annual planting area of hybrid rice has topped 16 million hectares, or 57 percent of 59. _____ total planting area of rice. Its growth area overseas has reached 8 million hectares. His more recent achievements included developing 60. _____ (variety) of seawater rice, or saline-alkali (盐碱) tolerant rice. His team planned to use the rice 61. _____ (transform) 6.7 million hectares of saline-alkali land in China over the next eight to 10 years.
Yuan once said he had two dreams -- to “enjoy the cool under the rice crops 62. _____ (tall) than men” and that hybrid rice could be grown all over the world to help solve the global 63. _____ (short) of food.
Yuan's lifelong devotion to 64. _____ (reduce) hunger has made him a national hero and household name in China. In 1999, an asteroid (小行星) discovered by the National Astronomical Observatories 65. _____ (name) after Yuan. In 2019, he was awarded the Medal of the Republic, China's highest state honor.

第四部分 书面表达 (共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作 (满分15分)
假定你是李华，你的朋友Simon写信告诉你他沉迷于打篮球，每天花很多时间打球，结果家庭作业不能准时上交。父母和老师很不满，要他放弃这个爱好，他很生气。根据以下提示，请你就 Simon的问题给他提一些有用的建议。
1.认真计划好自己的时间；
2.不要放弃自己的爱好，但也不要忘记学习；
3.保持学习和爱好之间的平衡。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

第二节 读后续写 (满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When Jayce Crowder was in kindergarten, he began noticing that he looked different from his classmates. They had two hands. But he had only one.
It started when one boy teased him. Jayce was in a bad mood. He'd return home in Des Moines, Iowa, with questions: Why am I different? Why me? Why? "He actually told us that he was mad at looking so different from others," said his mother, Cortney Lewis. "That really hurt him." Lewis admitted she didn't know what to do at that point. How could she provide answers to her son's questions when she had never found those answers herself?
A few weeks later, Lewis came home from her job and turned on the TV to a news story about Trashaun Willis, an eighth grader from Washington middle school, Iowa. The boy, then 14, had become an Internetstar after posting videos of his slam dunk(扣篮) , and, like Jayce, he was missing most of his left arm. Lewis called Jayce in. He was shocked, staring at one dunk after another.
At the time, it seemed that watching Trashaun would simply be an inspiring moment for Jayce—he'd see a shining role model with a seemingly similar born disability. And had it stayed just that, Lewis would have been happy. But little did she know that a family friend had already reached out to the Des Moines Register, asking the newspaper to help set up a meeting with Trashaun to encourage Jayce and build his confidence.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
A few days later, the good news that Trashaun accepted the invitation to meet Jayce came. ________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
After the meeting, Jayce learned to accept his disability. ____________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

高三第一次阶段考试参考答案
1. CABAC 6. ABBAC 11. BACBA 16. CBCBA
21. ABC 24. DCDB 28. ABBC 32. AACD 36. AFDEC
41. BDCAB 46. DCABA 51. DBCDA
56. of 57. which 58. nearly 59. the 60. varieties
61. to transform 62. taller 63. shortage 64. reducing 65. was named

Dear Simon,
Thank you for your letter. You say you don't have enough time to do your homework I think you'd better plan your day carefully. It will be a good choice to make a list of all the homework you have to do. This will give you an idea of how much free time you can have to play basketball. Don't give up your hobby but do not forget about your study, either. You should keep a balance between study and bobby.
I hope my advice will be of some value to you.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua

Paragraph 1:
A few days later, the good news that Trashaun accepted the invitation to meet Jayce came. Finally, the boys met at Washington Middle School on a Saturday afternoon a couple of months later and they instantly bonded. The day was not spent on self-pity. Instead, they rode bikes around the school's hallways, took photos, and played basketball together. Trashaun taught Jayce how to slam dunks, even giving him a basketball as a gift. He told Jayce he was perfect the way he looked. He encouraged him not to let anyone drag him down and shake his confidence.

Paragraph 2:
After the meeting, Jayce learned to accept his disability. He began to understand that there are many people like him and came to adapt himself to his disability. He recently started practising shooting basketball every day and he really loves it. Jayce often chats with Trashaun on the Internet about basketball skills as well as some school issues. He is really motivated by this role model and has a positive attitude to his future life. As for Trashaun, he never dreamed that his videos would have such an impact. His relationship with Jayce made him look forward to helping more kids.

(Text 1)
W: Is today the 10th of June? How time flies!
M: Yes, and I have one more lecture to give the day after tomorrow.
(Text 2)
M: How are the sales figures looking?
W: They’re great! We had a sharp rise after the online marketing campaign began. It’s better than hiring extra salespeople.
M: Good! Now I’m thinking of offering some discount next season.
(Text 3)
W: Why don’t you go to bed, Jimmy? Are you reading that storybook?
M: Oh, I just remembered I hadn’t done my science homework yet. I’m searching online for some information about that.
(Text 4)
M: I kicked a player out of our team for his misbehavior last week.
W: I heard he apologized and promised not to do that again. Why not give him a second chance?
M: Maybe you are right.
(Text 5)
M: I would enjoy looking around the bookshop. It’s really enjoyable.
W: Me too. I always find the book in the shop or the supermarket and then buy it online! It’s often a lot cheaper.
(Text 6)
M: Hi, Silvia. Are you going camping with us?
W: Surely, yes.
M: Great. It should be good fun unless the weather gets bad.
W: What do I need to take?
M: Well, when I get home, I’ll text you the list I’ve made. You don’t need to worry about food though. I’ve packed enough hamburgers. That’s the easiest thing to make.
W: Fine. In case we run out of hamburgers, I’ll take some tins and bread.
M: Good idea. If you want, bring some cards. We could play at night.
(Text 7)
M: What’s wrong with you?
W: My head hurts badly.
M: Do you have a fever?
W: No.
M: How long has it been like this?
W: Since the night before yesterday.
M: Do you have a sleeping problem?
W: No. I always go to bed early and sleep sound, uh, except last night. I worked late into the night preparing for a meeting.
M: I think you’d better have a further exam, and before the result comes out, try to relax.
W: Do you have any medicine to kill the pain? I have to attend a meeting this afternoon.
M: Before the result comes out, I can’t give you any medicine. I insist you have a good rest first.
(Text 8)
W: Good morning, Movie Center. How may I help you?
M: Good morning. This is Vinson from Room 808. I’d like to know something about your theater.
W: Very well, Mr. Vinson. We have three theaters, one public theater, and two private theaters for five people and two people respectively.
M: Emm … how do you charge for the private one?
W: The charge for private theater is $50 per hour per person. Drinks and snacks are extra.
M: Very well. I’d like to reserve the one for two people from 6:00 to 9:00 tomorrow evening. Tomorrow is the 20th anniversary of our marriage. We want a celebration.
W: What exciting news! Congratulations, Mr. Vinson!
M: Thank you very much.
(Text 9)
M: Hi, Georgia. How are you?
W: Hi. Not so good. I’m getting really annoyed with my little brother Jim at the moment. I’m trying to review for my exams and he keeps stopping me from working. Sometimes he listens to music late at night with his radio on loudly; sometimes he borrows something from me that I need to use for studying, like my dictionary or computer. I can’t concentrate on my work for more than a few minutes. It’s terrible.
M: You should ask your parents to deal with your brother. Your exams are more important. Your parents should understand that.
W: That’s a good idea, Matthew. I’ll ask my dad for help tonight. My brother will listen to him. And I’ll also think about going to the library at the weekend. It’s nice to have a change sometimes when you’re studying. How’s your review going, Matthew?
M: My problem is I just can’t remember anything from History. I read a page and then ten minutes later I’ve forgotten it.
W: That’s not unusual. You should try writing down what you’ve just read. It’s amazing how much more you will remember that way. Sometimes I even sing my notes. It’s a bit embarrassing, but it will help to remember lots of information.
M: Yes. I’ll try those ideas.
(Text 10)
M: OK! So my talk tonight is called Psychology in Advertising, but I’m going to start with a little story. In the 18th century, hardly anyone in Prussia ate potatoes or rice, because the main meal for almost everyone was bread. But there was a problem with bread: in those days, sometimes the wheat didn’t grow very well, people, especially poor people, would have nothing to eat.
So when the king called Frederick heard about the potato, he immediately ordered everyone in the country to start growing potatoes. But to his surprise, they refused. Frederick was a very clever man, and although there were no psychologists in 1774, he certainly had a talent for understanding the psychology of his people. So he soon came up with a very interesting plan. First, he planted potatoes in his palace garden. Next, he sent soldiers to guard it. As soon as people saw the garden and the soldiers, they started asking each other “What could be in that field that is worth so much?” And of course, as soon as they found out that the field was full of potatoes, they all wanted some. You see, once people believed they were not allowed to eat potatoes, they immediately wanted to have them. And that’s a good psychology.