高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters学案及答案

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters学案及答案，共6页。


[新知导引]
诵读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性
1．(教材P50)There were deep cracks that/which appeared in the well walls.
2．(教材P50)Tw thirds f the peple wh lived there were dead r injured.
3．(教材P50)The number f peple wh were killed r badly injured in the quake was mre than 400,000.
4．(教材P50)Sn after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 sldiers t Tangshan t dig ut thse wh were trapped and t bury the dead.
5．(教材P50)Wrkers built shelters fr survivrs whse hmes had been destryed.
6．(教材P52) A dctr with whm James used t wrk died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuadr.
7．The by whse father is a teacher is a new classmate f mine.
8. China is a cuntry that/which has a lng histry.
[共性呈现]
1．第2、3、4句中的定语从句使用了关系代词wh，在定语从句中作主语。
2．第1、8句中的定语从句使用了关系代词which/that，在定语从句中作主语。
3．第6句中的定语从句使用了关系代词whm，在定语从句中作宾语。
关系代词wh/whm常用来指代人；关系代词that/which常用来指代物；关系代词that既可以指人也可以指物。
4．第5、7句中的定语从句使用了关系代词whse，在定语从句中作定语，它既可以指人也可以指物。
[语法精释]
wh (whm)，which，that，whse引导的定语从句
在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫作定语从句。
从句修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，同时指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种，关系代词有that，which，wh，whm，whse等；关系副词有when，where，why。
一、关系代词的基本用法
1．wh指人，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
The man wh is talking with my father is a teacher.
正在和我父亲说话的那个人是个教师。
The girl (wh) I met yesterday is his sister.
我昨天见到的那个女孩是他的妹妹。
2．whm指人，在从句中作宾语，常可省略，不能作主语。
The by (whm) the teacher ften praises is their mnitr.
老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。
注意：(1)关系代词whm在口语或非正式文体中常可用wh来代替。
The by(wh/whm/that) we saw yesterday is Jhn's brther.
昨天我们看到的那个男孩是约翰的哥哥。
(2)在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，用whm，不用wh。
He is a man frm whm we are all ready t learn.
他是我们大家都愿意向他学习的人。
[即学即练1] 关系代词填空
(1)D yu knw the man wh is talking with yur mther?
(2)Thse wh want t see the film set dwn yur names, please.
(3)This is the persn wh/whm yu shuld thank fr helping yur sn.
3．which只指物，不指人，可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
Guilin is a city which has a histry f 2,000 years.
桂林是一个有2 000年历史的城市。
The yung man was very happy t get back the gld ring (which) he had lst n the train.
那个年轻人找回了在火车上丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。
4．whse既可指人，也可指物。其后接名词，与先行词构成从属关系，在从句中作定语。
This is the scientist whse name is knwn all ver the cuntry.
这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。
Nbdy wants the huse whse rf has fallen in.
没有人想要这个屋顶已坍塌的房子。
5．that指人时，相当于wh或whm；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
The wman (that) I read abut in the newspaper has just wn a gld medal.我在报纸上读过那位妇女的相关报道，她刚刚夺得一枚金牌。
The reprt (that) Mr.Turner handed in was abut the mtr race.
特纳先生递交的报告是关于摩托车比赛的。
[即学即练2] 关系代词填空
(1)Lk, here are sme peple wh/whm/that I want yu t meet.
(2)D yu still remember the chicken farm that/which we visited three mnths ag?
(3)Any student whse family is t pr t g t schl can get help frm the gvernment.
二、用that不用which的情况。
1．当先行词为all，everything，nthing，anything little，much等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。
All that can be dne has been dne.
一切能做的都已经做了。
2．当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the mst delicius fd that I have ever had.
这是我吃过的最美味的食物。
3．当先行词被the nly，the very，the last修饰时。
Chatting was the nly thing that interested her mst.
聊天是她唯一感兴趣的事。
4．当先行词既指人，又指物时。
She tk phtgraphs f the things and peple that she was interested in.
她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。
5．当主语是以wh或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复而用that。
Wh is the persn that is standing at the gate?
站在门口的那个人是谁？
6．当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。
Shanghai is n lnger the city that it used t be.
上海已不是过去那个样子了。
[即学即练3] 完成句子
(1)这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。
This is the mst beautiful park that_I_have_visited.
(2)我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。
We ften talk abut the persns and things that_we_remember.
(3)我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。
I have fund the very pen that_I_lst_yesterday.
三、用which不用that的情况
1．在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前时。
This is the rm in which he lives.
这是他住的房间。
2．引导非限制性定语从句时。
Tm came back, which made us very happy.
汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
3．在限制性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中前一句的关系代词是that，那么后一句的关系代词就要用which。
Let me shw yu the nvel that I brrwed frm the library which was newly pen.
我给你看这本从新开的图书馆里借来的小说。
[即学即练4] 用关系代词填空
(1)The huse in which I used t live has becme a she shp.
(2)Have yu ever read the bk, which was written by a yung girl?
四、使用定语从句的注意事项
1．关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。“ne f＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；“the nly ne f＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。
This is ne f the bks which were written by Charles Dickens.
这是查理斯·狄更斯所写的书中的其中一本。
He is the nly ne f the bys in ur class wh has learned French.
他是我们班里唯一一个学过法语的男孩。
注意：which引导非限制性定语从句时，往往代表前面所说的整个情况。这时which被看作单数，其后的谓语动词应用单数形式。
He said he was a Frenchman, which was nt true.
他说他是一个法国人，这不是真的。
2．为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。
This is the factry which we visited last Sunday.(visited后不可加it)
这就是我们上星期天参观过的工厂。
3．关系代词的省略。
(1)关系代词作主语时不能省略。
(2)作动词宾语的关系代词，可以省略；作介词宾语的关系代词，如果不直接位于介词后，可省略，如果直接作介词的宾语，不能省略。
(3)关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中不能省略。
[即学即练5] 单句语法填空
(1)All things can be dne_has (have) been dne.
(2)The student yu shuld learn frm is the ne wh wrks hard and studies hard.
(3)He is ne f the students wh knw Spanish.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He is the by whse father is a prfessr.
2．This dictinary is the secnd ne that I bught in the bkstre.
3．This is the girl wh/whm he wrks with in the ffice.
4．His parents wuldn't marry her t anyne whse family was pr.
5．They talked abut their classmates and things that they still remembered in middle schl.
6．Finally the thief handed in everything that he had stlen t the plice.
7．Anyne wh has helped t save the drwning girl is wrth praising.
8．The first thing that he did after arriving hme was ding his hmewrk.
9．The number f peple that/wh_cme t visit this city each year reaches ne millin.
10．This is the rm which/that my grandma used t live in.
11．The by wh/that brke the windw is called Tm.
12．The picture which/that was abut the accident was terrible.
13．The children wh/that were injured in a car accident are being treated in the hspital nw.
14．The wman wh/that is shaking hands with my sister is a dctr.
15．This is the building_whse windws were all painted green.
16．That is ne f the mst interesting bks_that_are sld in the bkshp.
Ⅱ.用定语从句合并句子
1．D yu knw the man? The man spke t the headmaster just nw.
→D yu knw the man wh/that_spke_t_the_headmaster_just_nw?
2．I have seen the film. They're talking abut the film.
→I have seen the film that/which_they're_talking_abut.
3．The bk was written by Mark Twain. He was a famus American writer.
→The bk was written by Mark Twain wh_was_a_famus_American_writer.
4．Last week Mary wre the dress. I gave it t her.
→Last week Mary wre the dress that/which_I_gave_t_her.
5．The girl is frm America. Her father is a Chinese.
→The girl whse_father_is_a_Chinese is frm America.
6．My grandparents live in a huse. It is mre than 100 years ld.
→My grandparents live in a huse which/that_is_mre_than_100_years_ld.
Ⅲ.语法与写作
1．This is the very htel _(that)_I_stayed_at when I was travelling here.
这就是我在这儿旅行时住过的旅馆。
2．This is the very bk that_I_am_lking_fr.
这正是我要找的那本书。
3．The earthquake that/which_happened_in_Tangshan_in_1976 shcked the peple all ver the wrld.
发生在1976年的唐山地震使全世界人民感到震惊。
4．She is ne f the girls wh_have_passed_the_exam.
她是通过考试的女孩之一。