人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Welcome unit学案

这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Welcome unit学案，共8页。学案主要包含了用法拓展，归纳拓展，易混辨析，指出下列句子成分等内容，欢迎下载使用。
 We are lking frward t yur early reply.
 The band was lking frward t becming famus vernight.
 She lked frward t see what had happened.
(lk frward作“向前看”的含义时，后可接动词不定式做目的状语。)
【用法拓展】有关lk的短语
lk after
lk dwn n/upn
lk thrugh
lk arund
lk up
lk up t
lk ahead
练习：
The student are lking frward t _________(have) an pprtunity t explre sciety fr real-life experience.
The date fr the cnference we had been lking frward t________(cme) last week.
Many peple have t lk ________ the meaning f this wrd in the dictinary.
He lked _________ the newspaper, hping t find sme useful infrmatin.
Fr Tim, that dream has cme true!
cme true意为____________
【用法拓展】辨析“两个实现”：cme true & realize
realize和cme true均可以表示“实现”。
cme true主语是物(梦想、希望)，而realize主语是人。
cme true没有被动语态 (梦想) cme true = (梦想) be realized
realize为及物动词，其后可跟宾语；而cme true为不及物动词短语，其后不可跟宾语。
His dream f taking part in the Olympics came true at last.
= His dream f taking part in the Olympics was realized at last.
= He realized his dream f taking part in the Olympics at last.
练习：用realize或cme true的适当形式填空
Making ur dreams _____________ is the biggest challenge in yur life. Yu may think yu are nt very gd at sme schl subjects. Thughts like this may stp yu frm ____________ yur dreams. In fact, everyne can ___________ his r her dream. If yu keep telling yurself what yu want, yur dream will ____________ ne day.
Reflect n yur learning styles and strategies.
reflect词性__________，意为__________
reflect n/ upn sth.
reflect sb./sth.(in sth.)
 I’m sitting in the small yard, reflecting n the plan.
 She culd see herself reflected in his eyes.
【归纳拓展】
____________(n.)反映；映像；沉思；深思
Yu can add mre f yur wn t the questinnaire.
add词性__________，意为__________
【易混辨析】
意为__________
 D yu want t add yur name t the list?
add t意为__________
 The bad weather added t difficulties.
add up t意为__________
 The figures add up t 137.
练习：用, add t或add up t的适当形式填空
When yu _______ frty _______ fifty, yu can get ninety.
The newly-built bridge _________ the beauty f the city.
The students wh attended his lecture yesterday __________ mre than 500.
语法结构
S(subject) 主语
V (verb) 谓语动词
O (bject) 宾语
P (predicative) 表语
A (adverbial) 状语
DO (direct bject) 直接宾语
IO (indirect bject) 间接宾语
OC (bjective cmplement) 宾语补足语
第一部分：句子成分
主语：主语是句子的主体部分，是说明的对象，是动作的执行者和发出者。位置通常位于句首（倒装句时除外）。大部分主语由名词、代词或名词短语充当，还有一些结构可以充当主语，还有动名词、动词不定式、从句等。
如：
We will g climbing tday.
T see is t believe.
The students are listening t me carefully. They want t learn English well. Learning English isn’t as hard as they think.
谓语：谓语一般由动词或动词短词充当，用来说明主语的状态或行为动作。是句子最核心的成分。一般放在主语的后面。
谓语一般由可分为两类：
简单谓语
由动词或短语动词构成，可以有不同的时态和语态。复合谓语（情态动词+动词）
He runs every mrning.
The students are playing basketball.
The bike is being repaired by Tm nw.
I can speak a little English.
宾语：由名词和起名词作用的词、短语或从句组成。
She prtested that he didn't even knw her. 她坚持表示他甚至不认识她。
有时宾语可分为直接宾语(direct bject)和间接宾语(indirect bject)。
直接宾语一般表示动作的被影响者；间接宾语一般表示动作的收受者，所以常用代表人的名词及其短语或代词。
Our friends tld us the man was the bus cnductr.
我们的朋友告诉我们那个人是公共汽车售票员。
这里“ the man was the bus cnductr”是直接宾语；us是间接宾语。
定语：定语是名词的修饰语，起修饰限制名词的作用。定语就其与被修饰的中心词的位置来讲，可分为前置定语和后置定语。
前置定语
一般由形容词、形容词性物主代词、数词、分词、名词（所有格）等充当。
Dalian is a beautiful city.
Is there any difference between spken English and written English?
This is my bk.
后置定语
一般由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词（短语）或从句充当。
Have yu ever met anyne famus ?
What is the language spken in Japan?
状语：状语是一种用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或全句的词，说明时间，地点，程度，方式等概念。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词(短语)、不定式或形容词充当。
He speaks English very well.
I came t see yu.
Ten years ag, She began t live in China
The by was praised fr his bravery.
表语：说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的成分，表语常由名词、形容词、介词短语、动名词、不定式、副词或从句充当，它常位于系动词之后。
I am fine.
He is a by.
The dictinary is n the desk.
Our duty is t make ur envirnment better.
宾语补足语：英语中有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语的后面加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。通常用来表示宾语的发出的动作或身份、特征等，可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词（短语）或介词（短语）充当，称为宾语补足语。
They painted their bat white.
Let the fresh air in.
I think yur brther a clever by.
Yu mustn’t frce him t lend his mney t yu.
We saw her entering the rm.
We fund everything in the lab in gd rder.
第二部分：简单句的基本结构
英语句子长短简繁不一，但可以归纳成五种基本句型：
基本句型一：S + V (主＋谓)
基本句型二：S + V + P(主＋谓/系＋表)
基本句型三：S + V + O(主＋谓＋宾)
基本句型四：S + V + InO +DO (主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)
基本句型五：S + V + O + OC (主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)
基本句型 一
S(subject) +V(verb) 主＋谓
Fr Example:
A bird flies.
The baby was sleeping.
此句型中的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
基本句型 二
S + V + O 主＋谓＋宾
Fr Example:
A sheep eats grass.
I lk after the baby.
谓语动词都是实义动词，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。
基本句型 三
S + V + P主＋系＋表
系动词分为纯系动词(be)/半系动词，半系动词是兼有实义动词和纯系动词特征的动词。
半系动词分为四种：
感官动词lk, sund, taste, smell, feel
表似乎的系动词seem, appear
表变化的系动词becme, get, turn, grw
表依旧的系动词remain, keep, stay
Fr Example:
She became a teacher.
The dinner smells gd.
His face turned red.
基本句型 四
S + V + InO+ DO 主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾
常跟双宾语的动词有：get, leave, buy, bring, ask, hand, ffer, give, lend, send, shw, teach, tell, write, pass, pay, prmise, return等；
Danny wrte me a letter.
Billy brught Sam a kite.
I lend him a dictinary.
She shwed me hw t run the machine.
基本句型 五
S +V + O + OC 主＋谓＋宾＋宾补
动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。
Weelect him mnitr.
The war made him a her.
We call him Mr. Wd.
He asked me t cme back sn.
宾语补足语和双宾语的区别：
双宾语由直接宾语和间接宾语组成。间接宾语表示谓语动作的方向(对谁做)或动作的目标(为谁做)，间接宾语紧接在谓语动词后，但它在句子中不能单独存在，并且能和直接宾语组成双宾语。
例如: They gave him a watch.
这里的him是________，a watch是________，这种间接宾语和直接宾语同时出现的情况叫双宾语。
宾语补足语：在英语中，有些动词接了一个宾语后句子意思仍不完整，还需要再加上一个词或短语放在宾语之后来补充说明其身份、特征、状态或所做的动作，这种“宾语＋宾语补足语”结构称为复合宾语。
We call him Jack.
这里him是__________，Jack是_____________。
They appinted me chairman.
这里him是__________，chairman是_____________。
【指出下列句子成分】
The villagers settled in anther place.
His business suffered greatly during the war.
After a few days f fever, he began t recver.
We usually wear vercats in cld weather.
All ur things stayed in ur suitcases.
There was a perid f lneliness in his life.
After traveling thrugh the dusty villages and twns f Yemen, they arrived at the prt f Aden.
I wanted t settle in America, live like any ther citizen, and have mre pprtunities.She gave her husband a gift in the anniversary.
What annyed me mst was that she was always interrupting us when we were talking.