2020-2021学年上海市名校试卷汇编-阅读C篇（学生版）

这是一份2020-2021学年上海市名校试卷汇编-阅读C篇（学生版），共21页。

1. 2020-2021上海市闵行区华二紫竹高三英语第一学期9月周练三
（C）
The period of adolescence, i.e., the period between childhood and adulthood, may be long or short, depending on social expectations and on society’s definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood. In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period of time, while in industrial societies with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of one’s life. Furthermore, the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood status may change in a given society as social and economic conditions change. Examples of this type of change are the disappearance of the frontier in the latter part of the nineteenth century in the United States, and more universally, the industrialization of an agricultural society.
In modern society, ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance and there no longer is agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies. Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recognition and social status. For example, grade school graduation, high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence, and while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition, the significance of each depends on the socio-economic status and the educational ambition of the individual. Ceremonies for adolescence have also been replaced by legal definitions of status roles, right, privileges and responsibilities. It is during the nine years from the twelfth birthday to the twenty-first that the protective and restrictive aspects of childhood and minor status are removed and adult privileges and responsibilities are granted. The twelve-year-old is no longer considered a child and has to pay full fare for train, airplane, theater and movie tickets. Basically, the individual at this age loses childhood privileges without gaining significant adult rights. At the age of sixteen the adolescent is granted certain adult rights which increases his social status by providing him with more freedom and choices. He now can obtain a driver’s license; he can leave public schools; and he can work without the restrictions of child labor laws. At the age of eighteen the law provides adult responsibilities as well as rights; the young man can now be a soldier, but he also can marry without parental permission. At the age of twenty-one the individual obtains his full legal rights as an adult. He now can vote, he can buy liquor, he can enter into financial contracts, and he is entitled to run for public office. No additional basic rights are acquired as a function of age after majority status has been attained. None of these legal provisions determine at what point adulthood has been reached but they do point to the prolonged period of adolescence.
63. The period of adolescence is much longer in industrial societies because .
A. the definition of maturity has changed.
B. the industrialized society is more developed.
C. more education is provided and laws against child labor are made.
D. ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance.
64. Former social ceremonies that used to mark adolescence have given place to .
A. graduations from schools and colleges.
B. social recognition.
C. socio-economic status.
D. certain behavioral changes.
65. Starting from 22, .
A. one will obtain more basic rights.
B. the older one becomes, the more basic rights he will have.
C. one won’t get more basic rights than when he is 21.
D. one will enjoy more rights granted by society.
66. We can learn from the passage that .
A. one is not free from the restrictions of child labor laws until he can join the army.
B. no one can marry without the permission of his parents until the age of twenty-one.
C. one is considered to have reached adulthood when he has a driver’s license.
D. in the late 19th century in the United States the length of adolescence changed a lot.

2. 2020-2021上海市闵行区华二紫竹高三英语第一学期期中考试卷
（C）
There is currently a broad global movement away from considerations of mere economic success towards a new public policy goat involving a broader notion of quality of life. This movement has also spurred rethinking of which statistics inform us best about a country’s situation and how its citizens are faring.
For decades, the gold standard was macroeconomic indicator: the GDP-gross- domestic product. This is the most prominent yardstick that the media, politicians and the public consider when they try to assess how country is performing. However, this measure was never meant to be a measure of the welfare of nations and so there is growing skepticism about the GDP’s usefulness as a measure of national well-being. Slogans like “beyond GDP” challenge the preoccupation with the GDP.
The first group of initiatives tries to deal with the flow of the GDP by attempting to fix the indicator itself. One key aim of it is to account for sustainability and environmental damage associated with GDP growth.
The second group of measures moves further away from the GDP as a yardstick than the previous approaches but does not abandon the sum of goods and services altogether. Instead, it seeks to assess national well-being by complementing the GDP with a number of key social indicators.
The most radical departure from the GDP is embodied by the third group of measures, which seeks alternative indicators of wall-being without accounting for the sum of goods and services produced in an economy. The logic behind it is that the GDP has always been and remains a means to an end rather than the end itself.
Replacing the GDP altogether is quite a drastic strategy for assessing national well-being, as not only is economic growth a prerequisite for many of the social goods that make life enjoyable but the metric of GDP is also highly correlated with such other factors. Thus, by arguing that the GDP is only a means to an end, these measures are in danger of making a conceptual assumption that is notable in theory but can be challenged in practice on the basis of actual causal mechanisms and empirical data.
63. The meaning of “prominent” in paragraph 2 line 2 is closest to .
A. remarkable B. projecting C. recognized D. clear-cut

64. From the passage we can learn that the “first group of initiatives” would primarily .
A. change the measurement approach to encompass only social factors.
B. take both positive and negative factors into account universally.
C. show the positive effects of modernization in its new measurements.
D. shift the measurement of GDP so that it is calculated per capita.

65. We can infer that the alternative approach to measuring happiness, different from the current approach, is based on the belief that .
A. economic prosperity is a good predictor of life expectancy and is particularly useful for comparing life expectancies around the world.
B. GDP is a helpful measurement of how economics contribute to welfare in different countries.
C. material living conditions and life expectancy have no effect on individual happiness.
D. the sum of goods and services produced by a country isn't a necessary factor in determining a country’s well-being.

66. Which of the following can describe the authors’ central claim in the passage?
A. Well-being and economics have not been shown to correlate to any significant degree.
B. Replacing the GDP outright may seem appealing but difficult and dangerous to implement.
C. There is a growing movement to improve the way a country’s well-being is measured.
D. The GDP can only measure economics, while happiness must be considered primarily in terms of other factors.

3. 2020-2021上海市闵行区七宝中学高三英语第一学期期中考试卷
（C）
Great work is work that makes a difference in people's lives, writes David Sturt, Executive Vice President of the O C. Tanner Institute, in his book Great Work: How to Make a Difference People Love. Sturt insists, however, that great work is not just for surgeons or special-needs educators or the founders of organizations trying to eliminate poverty in sub-Saharan Africa. The central theme of Great Work, according to Sturt, is that anyone can make a difference in any job. It's not the nature of the job, but what you do with the job that counts. As proof, Sturt tells the story of a remarkable hospital cleaner named Moses.
In a building filled with doctors and nurses doing great life-saving work, Moses the cleaner makes a difference. Whenever he enters a room, especially a room with a sick child, he engages both patients and parents with his optimism and calm, introducing himself to the child and, Sturt writes, speaking “ little comments about light and sunshine and making things clean.” He comments on any progress he sees day by day (“ you're sitting up today, that’s good.”) Moses is no doctor and doesn't pretend to be, but he has witnessed hundreds of sick children recovering from painful surgery, and parents take comfort from his encouraging words. For Matt and Mindi, whose son McKay was born with only half of a heart, Moses became a close friend. As Sturt explains，" Moses took his innate(与生俱来的) talents( (his sensitivity) and his practical wisdom (from years of hospital experience) and combined them into a powerful form of patient and family support that changed the critical-care experience for Mindi, Matt and little McKay.”
How do people like Moses do great work when so many people just work? That was the central question raised by Sturt and his team at the O C. Tanner Institute, a consulting company specialized in employee recognition and rewards system.
O C. Tanner launched an exhaustive great Work study that included surveys to 200 senior executives, a further set of surveys to 1,000 managers and employees working on projects, an in-depth qualitative study of 1.7 million accounts of award-winning work (in the form of nominations（提名） for awards from corporations around the world), and one-on-one interviews with 200 difference makers. The results of the study revealed that those who do great work refuse to be defeated by the constraints of their jobs and are especially able to reframe their jobs: they don't view their jobs as a list of tasks and responsibilities but see their jobs as opportunities to make a difference. No matter, as Moses so ably exemplifies（例证）, what that job may be.
63. According to Sturt, which of the following is TRUE?
A. It's not the nature of the job, but what you do that makes a difference.
B. Anyone in the world is responsible to delete poverty and change the world.
C. Anyone can make a difference in people's lives no matter what kind of job he does.
D. Surgeons, special-needs educators and founders of organizations can succeed more easily.

64. According to this passage, how does Moses, a common hospital cleaner, make a difference in people’s lives?
A. By keeping optimistic and calm when facing patients and their parents at hospital.
B. By showing his special gift and working experience when working at hospital.
C. By showing his sympathy and kindness to patients when entering their rooms.
D. By pretending to be a doctor or nurse when entering a room with a sick child.

65. The word “ constraints” in the last paragraph probably refers to .
A. demands B. advantages C. disadvantages D. limitations

66. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Great work is work that makes a difference in people’s lives no matter what you do.
B. If a boss has trouble recognizing his employees, he can ask O.C. Tanner for advice.
C. Moses makes a difference through his sensitivity and his practical wisdom.
D. Those who do great work are never defeated by others or their jobs themselves.

4. 2020-2021学年上海市华东师范大学松江实验高级中学高三上期中考试试卷
(C)
Is growth good for biodiversity（生物多样性）? To answer the question, it is critical to define what we mean by growth. Is growth gross domestic product (GDP), the “monetary value of all the finished goods within a country’s borders”? Or does it mean improving the human standard of living? Today, when people say growth, they mean GDP, a measure that is over 70 years old. Actually GDP demonstrates negative implications for biodiversity, as this “growth” measures only money inflows while far more important is the balance sheet, which shows properties and debts. As biodiversity delivers no cash, it has no place in GDP system, but biodiversity provides the asset side of the balance sheet, such as forests, rivers, wetlands and animals--the list goes on.
It is argued that growth is good for biodiversity in the long run as there is an environmental Kuznets curve where environmental conditions get worse in the early stages of modern economic growth, but improve once a growth level has been reached. According to some people, once GDP has been right, more resources are to invest in conservation, and new technologies are used to protect the nature. They said people would have more interest in protection the environment, and some of the forests started to return and many pollutants were almost eliminated. Standing in America today it might appear that the environmental Kuznets curve works.
At first sight there appears to be a logic. Today the US GDP is increasing while many precious species populations are also recovering? Such conditions, according to some people, can be explained by greater efficiency in cars or more efficient agricultural production. But in fact, the majority of the negative impacts have simply been explored. The high-polluting industries have been outsourced to developing nations. Therefore the bitterest punishments are largely felt beyond the borders while we Americans are enjoying high GDP and selfish biodiversity at the same time. This can be seen in the WWF annual Report, where species population trends are increasing by 7% in high-income countries and declining in middle- and low-income countries by 31% and 60% respectively.
It is self-evident that growth, as currently defined, has a major negative impact upon biodiversity. What needs to change is the definition of growth from a GDP-essential concept to a balance-sheet approach. Organizations and world community should work on creating new vision or reform that will help ensure a real balance between an improving standard of human life and a thriving biodiverse landscape.
60. According to the passage, the author’s opinion toward GDP is that GDP .
A. has nothing to do with biodiversity as it serves as an economic ruler
B. shouldn’t have ignored biodiversity as it does good to balance sheet
C. is out-dated as it leaves out productions outside a country’s borders
D. is useful economic indicators as it honestly follows the Kuznets curves
61. The environmental Kuznets curve is seemingly working because .
A. when US economy is strong, people have more interest in environment protection
B. high GDP helps to introduce high technology for environment protection
C. great fuel efficiency in cars and agriculture helps to protect environment
D. the US makes other weak nations take the harmful consequences
62. The author’s main opinion about growth-biodiversity is that .
A. There’s no clear relationship between growth and biodiversity
B. Biodiversity condition agrees with a country’s economic growth
C. Growth harms biodiversity with today’s GDP-centred system
D. The author is not sure about the exact influence of growth on biodiversity
63. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. GDP focuses on balance sheet rather than monetary increase.
B. Within borders, America is enjoying a better biodiversity right now.
C. Many low-income nations are having a higher GDP growth than the U.S.
D. Creative ways have been found to balance life standard and biodiversity

5. 2020-2021学年上海市闵行区华东师大二附中高三英语上学期9月月考试卷
（C）
In Australia, working holiday makers (WHMs) form the largest group of Japanese who live there temporarily. For many young Japanese WHMs, one common motivation for going on a working holiday was related to their desire to seek new experiences and learn English, the native language of the imagined West. Indeed, the desire for English competency is part of a longstanding trend in Japan. It involved the combination of two major factors. One was an association with the imagined West, believed to enable one to become more cosmopolitan and thus improve one's sense of self. The other was a quest to acquire new skills that would increase one's' marketability in Japan Commonly, seeking access o cosmopolitan jobs is one way of trying to attain "something better". But this proves more difficult than expected. English language proficiency is one barrier.
However, returned WHMs feel a sense of frustration when they wish to earn a living using their English skills and cosmopolitan experience. Typically, WHMs have an elementary to intermediate level of English when they arrive in Australia, and their subsequent experience is often insufficient to dramatically improve their language skills. In fact, the overwhelming majority worked for local Japanese businesses, mainly in the hospitality and tourism industry. Furthermore, employers who- offer cosmopolitan white-collar jobs view language ability as a tool for accomplishing the required tasks, rather than a qualification in itself. This attitude is expressed clearly by a recruitment officer for a major international company: "I often receive inquiries from people who say " I'm looking for a job that I can use English for. My usual answer is 'English is used in all sections of the company, so it is a simple requirement. By the way, what else can you.
For most WHMs, the question " what else can you do? "proves a difficult one to answer, because of their focus on conversational skills in everyday English and lack of plans what to do with them. The opportunity of a working holiday is attractive for many young people, because it seems to offer open-ended possibilities, A hope for something new and unknown is part of the deal. From the business world's point of view, however, a returned WHM may not demonstrate desirable employee qualities.
63. What kind of people can be described as WHMs?
A. Australian students taking full-time language courses in Japan.
B. Japanese working in the tourism industry in Australia while on holiday
C. Japanese employers recruiting new staff in international companies
D. Australian employees enjoying a package tour during a career break.

64. Many returned Japanese WHMs' ultimate purpose of taking a working holiday is to ____ .
A. settle down in their imagined West
B. seek employment in Australian companies
C. improve their English and discover new trend
D. have a better chance of finding better jobs in Japan

65. Why is it difficult to find cosmopolitan jobs in Japan, according to the passage?
A. The requirement for excellent English skills is not easy to meet
B. The job market is too small to have more jobs than it can offer.
C. The Japanese culture doesn't support the Western sense of self.
D. The number of people seeking these jobs is increasing rapidly.

66. The question " what else can you do?" reveals that the major problem with most returned WHMs is that ____ .
A. their English skills still have not reached an advanced level
B. they really don' t know where to find open-ended possibilities
C. there's a mismatch between their hope and employers' needs
D. they can't predict the job market 's open-ended possibilities

6. 2020-2021学年上海市闵行区交大附中闵行分校高三第一学期三校摸底考试卷
（C）
Last week I had to attend an event that required me to look better than my regular self (having left" effortless beauty" behind somewhere in my 20s), so I did what any self-respecting woman would do, which was to go for a blowout at a nearby Drybar. After the visit, my hair looked much better-so much better, in fact, that I was feeling almost effortlessly beautiful until I got back to my desk to find an email from Drybar, asking if I would rate my experience.
Life is so complicated now. In order to buy: visit or do anything, you need to follow this six-step process.
1. Decide and plan to do the thing
2. Do the thing
3. Take a photo of yourself doing the thing
4. Post the photo of you doing the thing on social media
5. Repeatedly check how many likes the post of you doing the thing got
6. Rate the thing
However, sensible ones like me would usually like to stop after step 2.
As I see it, there are two problems with our rate-everything way of living. First, the mystery-of-life issue. By my completely unscientific estimation, every time a new social-media platform is introduced, before long we will all now everything about everybody, and most of it will be things you don’t want to know in the first place. Though some people may argue that expressing ourselves through ratings can help businesses perfect themselves. I dare say there can be more power in keeping your opinions to yourself than in giving a business a terrible review. I once worked for a legendarily scary woman whose power was all about her inscrutability. Every day her staff is doing anxious tealeaf reading. “ Did she like that thing you showed her?” “ I don’t know, she hasn’t responded.” “Where did she go all afternoon?" I don’t know, she didn’t tell anybody. ” She was strict, changeable, reserved, and above all, mysterious, which both explained her attraction and enabled her to keep us firmly within her control.
Second problem: the time-suck factor No, Drybar, I do not want to be in a committed, dynamic relationship with you. I don't want to fill out a survey, and while I appreciate the email from user-support associate Katie, I feel upset for the time I spent reading it. Katie, if I need more help, I will reach out. Am I just a bad-tempered middle-aged lady who left effortless beauty behind in her 20s and now mostly wants to be left alone? Perhaps yes!
In summary, and to businesses everywhere: I just want you to provide me with something that I pay for, and then I want no contact with you until the next time I need you. Isn’t it enough that I gave you my credit-card number? If time is indeed money; then by taking my money and afterword making me rate the experience of your taking my money, you're essentially double-billing me. And I’m pretty sure that's illegal, as least in most states.
73. Which is NOT true about Drybar?
A. Women gain self-respect there.
B. It is near the author’s place.
C. It's a place making women look good.
D. It collect customer’s reviews.

74. The example of a legendarily scary woman is used to illustrate .
A. we can know everything about everybody
B. we actually didn’t want to know all the things
C. ratings can help business leaders in perfection
D. there’s more power in keeping opinions to oneself

75. The woman’s inscrutability indicates that she .
A. wants others to solve her mysteries
B. is reluctant to answer questions
C. doesn’t like to reveal her feelings
D. likes to stay and act alone

76. What would the author probably say to Drybar in response to the email she received?
A. I am very satisfied because of your wonderful service.
B. Spending time reading it and rating reading disturbs me.
C. I fell upset because you made me lose my beauty.
D. Do I need to worry about leaving you my credit-card number?

7. . 2020-2021学年进才中学高三英语期中试卷
(C)
In the 2018 film, "The Founder", the character of Ray Kroc promises that the start-up he had taken over from the McDonald brothers "can be the new American church". Kroc understood the power of branding, the advantages of franchising（特许经营）and the attraction of speed in food retailing. McDonald's is now one of the country's biggest food chains with more than 14,200 outlets.
The domestic market is still its most important one, despite the firm's massive global presence. When it reported this week that global sales had dropped by only 5% in the fourth quarter, the number beat expectations. News of a drop in sales in America of just 1.3% was received more sadly. Hopes had risen because of the previous six quarters of domestic growth. At the end of 2015 and in early 2016 the chain had harvested the rewards of introducing the popular all-day breakfast in America.
Still, Steve Easter-brook, the firm's British boss, who took over in March 2015, has lots to be proud of. He has streamlined a new menu, which in America had grown to almost 200 items, by, for instance, getting rid of sandwich wraps and offering one type of quarter-popular with cheese rather than four. He also made the food on offer healthier by, for example, removing artificial preservatives from Chicken McNuggets.
Most analysts approve of his plan to lift the share of restaurants that are franchised even higher, from 83% to 95%. He sold 1,750 struggling company-owned outlets in Asia to a consortium（联合会）. True, the trend to become a brand manager rather than an owner of restaurants was started by Burger King, but McDonald's has excelled at it. The advantage is a predictable income stream.
It has taken an outsider to shift McDonald's culture. Mr. Easter-brook is only the second non-American to run the company. So far, he is succeeding in making it more accountable and flexible, says R. J. Hottovy of Moming-star, an investment-research firm. The firm has become more open to experimentation. It has recently introduced touch-screen self-service equipment, customized burgers and questions-and-answer sections with customers through social media.
This year and next it is planning to introduce mobile ordering and payment in as many as 25,000 outlets worldwide by enhancing its app, which now mainly features only menus and discounts. It is late but it is at last jumping on the digital bandwagon, says John Gordon, a restaurant expert at Pacific Management Consulting Group, who points out that even Dunkin's Donuts, a doughnut chain, offers an advance order-and-pay app. Starbucks, the world's biggest coffee chain, launches its app in 2009 and by autumn 2013 was making 11% of its sales through mobile channels. That is not the only reason for McDonald's to envy the coffee giant: analysts reckon that it will soon overtake Mr. Kroc's creation to become the world's most valuable restaurant chain.
63. By "the number beat expectations." the author means that ________.
A. people are ignorant of the firm's global sales
B. the firm's global sales didn't drop as much as thought.
C. people don't expect too much of the firm's global sales
D. the firm's global sales were affected by the domestic market

64. Why does Steve Easter-brook have lots to be proud of?
A. He took over the firm in March 2015.
B. He helped the firm to prosper again.
C. He introduced healthy foods to the public.
D. He found the drop in international market sales.

65. After becoming the firm's boss, what did Steve Eater-brook do?
A. He designed a new pattern for the menu.
B. He promoted the all-day breakfast to the world.
C. He managed to make Chicken McNuggets last longer.
D. He decreased the number of the outlets the firm owned.

66. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. McDonald's will take over Starbucks as the most valuable restaurant.
B. McDonald's has sold more burgers thanks to social media.
C. McDonald's has taken the lead in using ordering apps.
D. McDonald's used to be quite conservative.

8. 2020-2021学年上海市闵行区交大附中闵行分校高三英语第一学期10月月考卷手敲版
（C）
Three hundred million children live in areas with extreme air pollution, new research by the United Nation Childrens Fund (UNICEF)reveals. The air they breathe is more than six times as polluted as what is considered safe. The new study was the first to make a global estimate of pollution exposure. It shows that almost 90 percent of the world's children---2 billion--- live in places where outdoor air pollution levels are dangerously high.
UNICEF warmed that these levels of global air pollution have contributed to 600, 000 child deaths a year. Children are far more likely to be harmed by air pollution than adults are, UNICEF said. So, UNICEF urged nations to cut fossil fuel burning rapidly. Fossil fuels, such as coal and gas, are the main source of air pollution. "The danger caused by air pollution is enormous, "said Anthony Lake, UNICEF's executive director. " No society can afford to ignore air pollution. We protect our children when we protect the quality of our air, both of which are central to our future.’’
Air pollution is the world's single biggest environmental health risk, according to the World Health Organization(WHO), and is getting worse, with levels of poisonous air rising 8% in the last five years. More than 3 million people a year die as a result of outdoor air pollution -six every minute on average and this is set to double by 2050 as fast growing cities expand. Indoor air pollution, mainly from wood stoves. causes another 3 million deaths a year.
Meanwhile, children are especially at risk, the UNICEF report says, because they breathe more rapidly than adults and their lungs take in more pollutant particles. the he tiny particles can also cross the blood-brain barrier, which is less resistant in children. Once they do they can permanently harm brain development. Even the unborn are affected, as the particles taken in by a pregnant woman can injure a child in the womb Children in poor countries are doubly at risk, scientist Jos said. Their bodies are often already weakened by not getting enough to eat, and available health care is often inadequate. Of the 300 million children exposed to levels of pollution six times above what is considered safe, 220 million live in South Asia India in particular hosts many of the worlds most polluted cities. Moreover, figures reveal a striking disparity in five-year cancer survival rates for children in air polluted areas compared with those from developed countries.
UNICEF urged all countries to cut air pollution by reducing fossil fuel burning in power plants and vehicles. It also recommended that schools and playgrounds not be located near sources of pollution, such as busy roads and factories. In addition, it called for the use of less-polluting cooking stoves.
63. Which one of the following statements is WRONG according to the text?
A. Pollution in the air can pose a threat to children’s brain growth
B. Heavy air pollution can even hurt the babies that are still not born.
C. A majority of children all across the world cannot breathe clean air
D. Through countries' efforts, the situation of air pollution is improving

64. What does disparity in paragraph 5 most probably mean?
A. distinction
B. disturbance
C. discomfort
D. disengagement

65. In order to have clean air, UNICEF suggested
A. government should aim for a reduction in power plants and traffic
B. careful decisions on the locations and structures of schools are needed
C. fossil fuel is an extra feature that is likely to bring along some benefits
D. cooking stoves that contribute little to air pollution should be used

66. What can be the title of the passage?
A. Air Pollution, a Factor Fatal to Life
B. Efforts to Pull Countries out of Pollution
C. Children, More Affected by Air Pollution

9. 2020-2021学年上海市闵行区七宝中学高三英语上学期10月月考试卷
（C）
First two hours, now three hours-this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.
Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention making people angry.
Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA)found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons --both fake and real- past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O'Hare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become--but the lines are obvious
Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.
There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are qualifies to use expedited(加速的)screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.
It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pays85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.
The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.
63.The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to .
A. stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide
B. highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports
C. explain American's tolerance of current security checks
D. emphasize the importance of privacy protection

64. Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?
A. Frequent unexpected secret checks.
B. New restrictions on carry-on bags.
C. The declining efficiency of the TSA.
D. An increase in the number of travellers.

65. One problem with the PreCheck program is .
A. a dramatic reduction of its scale
B. its wrongly-directed implementation
C. govemment’s reluctance to back it
D. an unreasonable price for enrollment

66. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Less Screening for More Safety
B. PreCheck-a Belated Solution
C. Getting Stuck in Security Line
D. Underused PreCheck Lanes

10. 2020-2021学年上海市杨浦区高三上学期期中统考英语试卷
(C)
In 2013 Mr. Baugher planted 7,000 Fuji apple trees in the orchard (果园). Three years later, just when the trees should have been bearing fruit, he noticed that a few of them had yellow leaves. Within weeks they were dead. The next year，the problem spread to more than a few trees. By last year,2,000 of Mr Baugher’s 7,000 new trees were dead.
Mr. Baugher has the worst case of"rapid apple decline" (RAD)in the county, but he is not alone. The mysterious disease has been troubling growers across America's northeast for at least six years. Kari Peter, a fruit-tree specialist first observed massive die-offs in her research orchard in 2013. She came up with the term"RAD". But her attempts to explain it have not produced much fruit. The usual reasons for the death of tree-mould infestation. a known virus, disease, an early frost-didn't fit symptoms. Her investigation only ruled things out.
The dead trees tend to be younger: two to eight-years-old. They are nearing he prime of production. Dwarf trees, which are commonly used by commercial growers, seem to be the most subject. Historically, orchards held 600-700 apple trees an acre, but most are now high producing dwarf trees, which are more compact. Growers plant 1, 200-1, 500 trees per acre. Working with the Department of Agriculture Kan found a new hidden apple virus in the infected trees. But they cannot be sure if this new virus has any connection with the decline.
Researchers at Cormell University found that severe cold followed by drought (旱灾)could have weakened the trees leaving them subject to viruses.Other scientists think that herbicides may be to blame. Dan Donahue, a fruit-tree specialist says it could be any or all of those theories. In a recent sampling, he found that 64% of young trees had hidden viruses. These do not show symptoms, but they could affect vitality. Older, larger apple trees were better at shrugging off the viruses.
RAD is a big worry for the apple growers. Customer taste is changing. Traditional varieties like Red Delicious are no longer a customer favourite, so growers are having to invest in new varieties. Few of the orchard growers are able to absorb the economic losses.
Mr. Baugher found some relief in the Tree Assistance Programme, through which the federal government provides financial assistance to orchard-owners whose trees are damaged by natural disasters. The sudden death of apple trees may not seem as dramatic as a hurricane, but it is perhaps even more dangerous. Americans have given considerably more before in the defense of apple pie.
63. The underlined word "compact" is closest in meaning to .
A. complex B. dense C. remote D. regular

64. What can be learned about Kari Peter?
A. It took her six years to come up with the term RAD.
B. Her research led to a breakthrough in apple cultivation.
C. She failed to find out the definite cause of RAD.
D. She was the first scientist to research apple trees.

65. Based on the various researches, RAD may be caused by the following EXCEPT .
A. extreme weather B. a new virus C. way of tree cultivation D. location of the orchard

66. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. RAD adds to the pressure on the already struggling apple growers.
B. RAD doesn't qualify orchard growers for financial assistance.
C. The government needs to fund more research into RAD.
D. Apple growers should have stuck to traditional varieties.

11. 2020-2021学年上师大附中高三期中试卷
(C)
Unhealthy health care bills, long emergency-room waits and inability to find a primary care physician just scratch the surface of the problems that patients face daily.
Primary care should be the backbone of any health care system. Countries with appropriate primary care resources score highly when it comes to health outcomes and costs. The U. S. takes the opposite approach by emphasizing the specialists rather than the primary care physician.
A recent study analyzed the providers who treat Medicare Beneficiaries（老年医保受惠人）. The starting finding was that the average Medicare patient saw a total of seven doctors -- two primary care physicians and five specialists - in a given year. Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you don't guarantee better care. Actually, increasing breakup of care results in a corresponding rise in costs and medical errors.
How did we let primary care slip so far? The key is how doctors are paid. Most physicians are paid whenever they perform a medical service. The more a physician does, regardless of quality or outcome, the better he's reimbursed（返还费用）: Moreover, the amount of a physician receives leans heavily toward medical or surgical procedures. A specialist who performs a procedure in a 30-minute visit can be paid three times more than a primary care physician using that same 30 minutes to discuss a patient's disease. Combine this fact with annual government threats to indiscriminately cut reimbursements, physicians are4 faced with no choice but to increase quantity to boost income.
Primary care physicians who refuse to compromise quality are either driven out of business or to cash-only practices, further contributing to the decline of primary care.
Medical students are not blind to this scenario. They see how heavily the reimbursement deck is stacked against primary care. The recent numbers show that since 1997, newly graduated U. S. medical students who choose primary care as a career declined by 50%. This trend results in emergency rooms being overwhelmed with patients without regular doctors.
How do we fix this problem?
It starts with reforming the physician reimbursement system. Remove the pressure for primary care physicians to squeeze in more patients per hour, and reward them for optimally managing their diseases and practicing evidence-based medicine. Make primary care more attractive food to medical students by forgiving students loans for those who choose primary care as a career and harmonizing the marked difference between specialist and primary care physician salaries.
We're at the point where primary care is needed more than ever. Within a few years, the first wave of 76 million Baby Boomers will become qualified for Medicare. Patients older than 85, who need chronic care most, will rise by 50% this decade.
Who will be there to treat them?
63. The author's chief concern about the current U. S. health care system is __________.
A. the inadequate training of physicians B. the declining number of doctors
C. the ever-rising health care costs D. the shrinking primary care resources

64. We learn from the passage that people tend to believe that ________.
A. the more costly the medicine, the more effective the cure
B. seeing more doctors may result in more diagnostic errors
C. visiting doctors on a regular basis ensures good health
D. the more doctors taking care of a patient, the better

65. Why do many new medical graduates refuse to choose primary care as their career?
A. They find the need for primary care declining.
B. The current system works against primary care.
C. Primary care physicians command less respect.
D. They think working in an emergency room tedious.

66. What suggestions does the author give in order to provide better health care?
A. Bridge the salary gap between specialists and primary care physicians.
B. Extend primary care to patients with chronic diseases.
C. Recruit more medical students by offering them loans.
D. Reduce the tuition of students who choose primary care as their major.

12. 2020-2021学年松江二中高三上期中考试卷
(C)
Back in the rosy mid-2000s, immigrants were tolerated and sometimes even welcomed in Britain. Times were good, and those who rushed in after Poland joined the EU in 2004 did well. But five years of economic depression have hardened attitudes. Polls suggest the locals are not giving a warm welcome just as a new wave of immigrants, from Bulgaria and Romania, comes towards the nation's shores. Politicians reflect those fears. Yet the evidence suggests more immigration would be a boost, not a drag.
Britain's' native population is remarkably stable. Since the early199 0s0 births have been so similar to deaths and emigration that the head count has been flat. Almost all of the country's population growth is down to immigration. The number of non-natives living in Britain rose from 4.8m in 1995 to 13.4m in 2011. Immigrants made up a quarter of the country's population in 2015.
The mixed background of Britain's immigrants helps explain their effect on the labour market. The Migration Advisory Committee looked across a range of statistical studies, thus disagreeing with the notion that aliens push down wages and lift unemployment. There is little evidence of a relationship between immigration and average wages.
Immigration does, however, seem to emphasize income inequality in Britain. New arrivals tend to have hugely variable skills, from successful programmers to manual labourers. They make wage scale seem more unbalanced. And the perception pf fierce competition for low-paid work may be driving public opinion. In 2005 YouGov, a pollster, found that 56% of Britons supported the freedom of EU citizens to live and work where they chose. In the latest poll just 38% did.
This is not, however, a good reason to block immigration, as both the Conservative and Labour parties promise to do. Other factors are more important in pushing down wages in basic jobs. New technology has reduced the need for unskilled work. Income inequality is rising across the world, not just in Britain.
But immigration can be part of the solution. Immigrants are, on average, better educated than natives, according to paper by Christian Dustmann, a world famous scholar. This means Britain gains from their skills without having to invest in schools, And they help balance the books (账簿). Immigrants are much less likely to receive any kind of state benefits. Immigrants from Europe and those who arrived after 2000, whatever their origin, are especially cheap.
63. Which of the following is NOT true according to the first paragraph?
A. Britain used to tolerate and welcome immigrants in the mid-2000s.
B. The evidence suggests more immigrants will slow down the economy.
C. Politicians fear that there will be huge number of new immigrants.
D. Local people in Britain hold cold attitudes towards new immigrants now.

64. In the second paragraph, the author does NOT indicate ______.
A. Three out of four people in Britain were possibly non-natives in 2015.
B. Immigration is the contributing factor to the population growth in Britain.
C. There is no obvious change in emigration out to other countries.
D. Birth and death rates have remained at almost equal levels for a long time.

65. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. The Conservative and Labour parties don't want to block immigration.
B. The notion that immigrants push down wages and lift unemployment is acceptable.
C. New technology is more important in lower wages and income inequality.
D. The harmful effect of immigration on low-paid workers changed public opinion.

66. What does the author imply in paragraph by saying "But immigration can be part of the solution"?
A. Immigrants is a solution to unemployment.
B. Immigrants can't receive any state benefits.
C. Immigrants are the cheap labour for Britain.
D. Immigrants have to invest in school education.

13. 2020-2021学年向明中学高三期中试卷
（C）
According to the majority of Americans, women are every bit as capable of being good political leaders as men. The same can be said of their ability to dominate the corporate boardroom. And according to a new Pew Research Center survey on women and leadership, most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many saying they're stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized leaders.
So why, then, are women in short supply at the top of government and business in the United States? According to the public, at least, it's not that they lack toughness, management talent or proper skill sets. It’s also not all about work-life balance. Although economic research and previous survey findings have shown that career interruptions related to motherhood may make it harder for women to advance in their careers and compete for top executive jobs, relatively few adults in the recent survey point to this as a key barrier for women seeking leadership roles. Only about one-in-five say women's family responsibilities are a major reason why there aren't more females in top leadership positions in business and politics.
Instead, topping the list of reasons, about four-in-ten Americans point to a double standard for women seeking to climb to the highest levels of either politics or business, where they have to do more than their male counterparts to prove themselves. Similar shares say the electorate （选民）and corporate America are just not ready to put more women in top leadership positions.
As a result, the public is divided about whether the imbalance in corporate America will change in the foreseeable future, even though women have made major advances in the workplace. While 53% believe men will continue to hold more top executive positions in business in the future, 44% say it's only a matter of time before as many women are in top executive positions as men. Americans are less doubtful when it comes to politics: 73% expect to see a female president in their lifetime.
63. What do most Americans think of women leaders according to a new Pew Research Center survey?
A. They have to do more to distinguish themselves.
B. They have to strive harder to win their positions.
C. They are stronger than men in terms of willpower.
D. They are just as intelligent and innovative as men.
64. What do we learn from previous survey findings about women seeking leadership roles?
A. They have unconquerable difficulties on their way to success.
B. They are lacking in confidence when competing with men.
C. Their failures may have something to do with family duties.
D. Relatively few are affected in their career advancement.
65. What is the primary factor keeping women from taking top leadership positions according to the recent
survey?
A. Personality traits. B. Gender bias.
C. Family responsibilities. D. Lack of vacancies.
66. What does the passage say about corporate America in the near future?
A. More and more women will sit in the boardroom.
B. Gender imbalance in leadership is likely to change.
C. The public is undecided about whether women will make good leaders.
D. People have opposing opinions as to whether it will have more women leaders.
14. 2020-2021学年延安中学高三上学期英语期中考试卷
(C)
As every mobile-phone owner knows, after a year or so the battery starts to fade and the beast needs recharging more frequently. That is a nuisance, but a phone's batteries can be replaced fairly cheaply or the whole handset traded in for the latest model. An electric car, however, is a much bigger investment. Batteries are its priciest component, representing around 30% of an average of mid-size vehicle. Apart from increasing the risk of running out of juice and leaving a driver stranded, a deteriorating battery quickly destroys a car's second-hand value.
To provide buyers with some peace of mind, car makers guarantee their batteries, typically for eight years or around 200,000 km. Producers are now, though, planning to go much further than that, with the launch of “million-mile” (1.6km-kilometre) batteries. Elon Musk has hinted that Tesla has a million-mile battery in the works. And over in Detroit, General Motors (GM) is in the final stages of developing an advanced battery which it says has similar longevity.
“It’s a great catchphrase; the million-mile battery," says George Crabtree, director of the Joint Centre for Energy Storage Research at Argonne National Laboratory, near Chicago. "But the fact that you can drive a million miles may not be the most relevant parameter to look at. "Regular fast-charging reduces battery life, as do overcharging and deep discharging. Driving in extremely hot or cold weather doesn’t help either. And battery life will diminish even if you just leave the car in the garage. The real point of a million-mile battery is that the technological advances required to make it possible will deal with these things as well.
The lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries which power electric cars age in two ways: with time and with use. Battery-makers- call time-dependent ageing “calendar ageing”. It is consequence of the gradual degradation of some of the materials employed in battery construction, which reduces a battery's ability to hold a charge. Leaving a car with a fully rather than partly charged battery, for example, can increase the rate of calendar ageing. Use-dependent ageing is a consequence of the number of discharge--recharge cycles a battery goes through. It is caused by the complex chemical reactions that take place when a battery is operating. Some of these are essential to a battery's job of storing and releasing energy.
Battery technology is improving all the time. As a consequence, so are calendar and use-dependent lifetimes. Getting direct experience of how electric cars are used is helping researchers come up with ways to mitigate（缓和）some of the side reactions, says Tim Grewe, the head of GM's' electrification strategy. The company employs remote "telematic" monitoring to keep track of how batteries are performing in its cars, and also takes back some batteries from high-mileage drivers and those living in extreme environments, such as deserts and mountainous regions, for analysis.
Dealing with impurities that get into batteries helps to extend their lives. Water, for example, reacts with salts in the electrolyte to form an acid, which attacks the electrodes. To prevent this, GM has developed an addictive made from a type of material called a zeolite. Zeolites are molecular sponges. GM ‘s version serves to mop up any moisture which enters a battery cell.
Adding a little aluminium to a nickelcobalt-manganese cathode, a type that is widely used in Li-ion batteries, save on cobalt, the most expensive ingredient in a battery. But the aluminium delivers other benefits as well. It boosts the battery's energy density, meaning a car can travel farther on a single charge. It also make the battery last longer.
As a marketing device, the million-mile battery will give electric-car buyers more confidence that their batteries are robust. And by no means are million-mile batteries the limit of engineers' aspirations. The next objective is to replace Li-ions' liquid electrolytes with solid ones. That would keep the ions under stricter control and allow even longer driving ranges. This could make a two million-mile battery a feasible objective. If that day comes, the tables would have been turned. From being the first part of a car to fail, its battery will have come the last.

63. What does the underlined sentence in the first paragraph mean?
A. It is more profitable to invest in an electric car than in a mobile phone.v
B. Spending more money on an electric car can increase its second hand value.
C. It’s much more costly to replace the failed batteries of an electric car with new ones.
D. Compared with electric cars, batteries are of less importance to mobile phones.

64. According to the passage, which of the following is the least likely to reduce an electric car's
battery life?
A. Unplugging an electric car once it's fully charged.
B. Often charging the car in "fast" mode to save time.
C. Driving an electric car on sweltering summer days.
D. Leaving the car in the parking lot for a long time.

65. Which of the following is FALSE regarding the measures researchers take to prolong a battery's lifetime?
A. Monitoring and studying batteries' performance in long-distance traveling.
B. Adding zeolite to encourage the acidifying chemical reaction in the battery.
C. Using aluminium to improve the battery's performance enabling the car to travel farther.
D. Keeping the battery partly charged to reduce its rate of "calendar ageing".

66. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that__________.
A. The current technology enables an electric car to drive a million miles on a single charge.
B. Electric car engineers are always on the go to develop batteries with greater longevity.
C. Policies on the choice of battery materials will be tightened to control the traveling range.
D. Drivers of future electric cars will no longer be worried about battery failure.

15. 2020-2021学年华师附属东昌中学高三上英语期中考试
(C)
In 2005 scientists succeeded in comparing the human genome（基因组）with that of chimps. Their astonishing conclusion was that 98.77 per cent of the information is the same, and that just 1.23 per cent isn't. Interesting though that is, it's hard to imagine what it means, especially if, like me, you had to look up "genome" in the dictionary. Enter the America software designer, Ben Fry. He has devised a charmingly simple, but accurate, way to explain the distinction. Using the 75,000 letters of coding in the genome, he has created a photographic image of a chimp's head in which nine letters are shown as red dots to illustrate the difference with humans.
'Humans vs. Chimps' is one of 200 images, objects and concepts in an exhibition starting on Sunday at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. The show is orchestrated by Paola Antonelli, the senior curator（策展人）of Architecture and Design who, in her twelve years there, has emerged as the most influential design curator of our time. Rather than play safe, Antonelli breaks new ground by exploring the changing role of design now and in the future.
There's nothing new in the idea of designers interpreting the work of scientists and technologists for the rest of us. They've done so throughout history. Starting with polymaths（博学的人）like Leonardo da Vinci, who combined all of those roles in Renaissance Italy, and the seventeenth-century British architects-com-scientists Robert Hooke and Christopher Wren. Throughout the twentieth century, designers translated technical breakthroughs into things we could use every day. Without them, the Internet could still be something inaccessible, and 3M would own the patent for a type of glue that isn't quite sticky enough to stick permanently on paper, but wouldn't have invented the Post-it. The exhibition also explores how designers are tapping into fertile fields of science, such as nanotechnology, which could eventually enable designers and architects to develop objects and even buildings that can adapt to changing conditions.
We need flexibility to welcome all these changes and the unprecedented speed at which innovations are emerging. A huge problem is data overload, and the show suggests how design can help us to cope with it.
63. According to the first paragraph, Ben Fry _________.
A. created a charming image of chimp
B. didn't fully understand what a genome is
C. helped the author understand software design
D. produced a graphic representation of a scientific finding

64. What can be learned from the passage about Paola Antonelli?
A. She has an innovative approach to design.
B. She is an influential architect in New York.
C. She is widely appreciated by her colleagues.
D. She has special musical qualifications.

65. What can be inferred from the third paragraph?
A. The Renaissance was a period when science-based design developed.
B. Leonardo da Vinci was a greater designer than Hooke or Wren.
C. Designers played a crucial role in the expansion of the Internet.
D. When Post-it notes were invented, they were too sticky.

66. In the twentieth century, designers _________.
A. ensured people benefited from technological advances
B. first interpreted science and technology
C. began to look at nanotechnology
D. invented a new type of glue