高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration导学案

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration导学案，共4页。

（1）直接做主语
· T be a dctr is hard. 做医生很难。
· T learn English well is nt easy. 学好英语不容易。
（2）可以用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语-----动词不定式（短语）放在句子的后部。
上面的句子可以改为：
· ______is hard t be a dctr. · It is nt easy ______ learn English well.
· It’s gd ______ us t read English alud in the mrning.
· It is imprtant fr students _______ use English every day.
2作表语
动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于系词be的后面。
· His wrk is ______drive a car. · Her dream is _____be a dctr.
3作宾语
(1)直接作宾语。
动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语
三个希望两答应
hpe, wish, expect, agree, prmise
两个要求莫拒绝。 demand, ask, refuse
设法学会做决定，manage, learn, decide/determine
不要假装在选择。 pretend, chse
打算提出俩计划， intend, ffer, plan, mean
目的失败负担起， aim, fail, affrd
准备愿望又碰巧。 prepare, desire, happen·
· They begin____ wrk at eight every mrning. · Dn’t frget _____ lck the dr.
· Wuld yu like ______( g) fr a picnic with us tmrrw?明天和我们起去野餐好吗？
（2）用it作形式宾语。
· I find _____ interesting t learn English with yu.
· He fund it hard ________( catch) up with thers.他觉得赶上别人很困难。
sb think,feel, believe,cnsider it +_______ t d sth
4作宾语补足语
可以归纳为以下三种句式
(1)不可以省t的不定式作宾语补足语：
建议要求和命令 advise, require/ask/request, rder/cmmand
允许禁止和强迫 allw/permit, frbid, frce
邀请期待和鼓励 invite, expect, encurage
祈求教会和告诉 beg, teach, tell
The teacher tld us____( cme) earlier tmrrw.
(2) 省“t”的不定式作宾语补足语：Let / make / have sb. d sth. (使役动词)
Let the by g ut nw. The by made the baby cry.
(3) see / watch / hear / ntice / feel sb. d sth. (感官动词)
I saw the students play basketball n the playgrund yesterday.
I ften hear the girl sing in the next rm.。
注意： 如果将主动语态变为被动语态时，动词不定式则需要加上“t”。
· The baby was made _____(cry) by the by.那个孩子被男孩弄哭了。
5作定语
动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词，放于所修饰的词后，为后置定语。
· D yu have smething ______( drink)? (动宾)
· Wh was the first ne ______( arrive)? （序数词）
· He is the best persn ______(d) the jb.（最高级）
· His way ______( learn) English is very gd.（抽象名词）
口诀：动宾，最序，和抽象, 后置定语用 t d
常见抽象名词:time, way, reasn, chance,pprtunity,right,plan, dream,desire,curage, prmise等。
动宾关系，不及物，加上介词莫忘记。
· He has n huse t live ____。Can yu lend me a pen t write ______?
6作状语
（1）目的状语:常用 in rder t表强调
· They gt up early t catch the early bus.
· They gt up early _____ _____t catch the early bus.
(2) 原因状语:常跟在表示________ 的形容词后。
I’m glad t meet yu.
(3)结果状语
He is ld enugh ____ g t schl.
She is t yung_____ g t schl.
He hurried hme nly _____ find his cmputer stlen.
3.不定式后接特殊疑问词的用法
不定式可以和疑问代词wh, what, which及疑问副词when, hw, where等连用，构成不定式短语,在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等。例如：
I dn't knw what t say. _____ 语
Can yu tell me hw t make a paper bat？_____ 语
巩固练习
I．单项选择。
1. ________ late in the mrning, Bb turned ff the alarm.
A. T sleep
B. Sleeping
C. Sleep
D. Having slept
2. I'm ging t the supermarket this afternn. D yu have anything ________?
A. t be buying
B. t buy
C. fr buying
D. bught
3. I’ve wrked with children befre, s I knw what ________ in my new jb.
A. expected
B. t expect
C. t be expecting
D. expects
4. She watched the children ________ in the garden.
A. t be played B. t play C. play D. t have played
5. The teacher asked us ________ s much nise.
A. dn't make B. nt make C. nt making D. nt t make
6.－I usually g there by train.
－Why nt _______ by bat fr a change?
A. t try ging B. trying t g C. t try and g D. try ging
7. Paul desn't have t be made _______. He always wrks hard.
A. learn B. t learn C. learned D. learning
8. Tell him _______ the windw.
A. t shut nt B. nt t shut C. t nt shut D. nt shut
9. She pretended _______ me when I passed by.
A. nt t see B. nt seeing C. t nt see D. having nt seen
10. Mrs. Smith warned her daughter _______ after drinking.
A. never t drive B. t never driver
C. never driving D. never drive
11 . The patient was warned _______ ily fd after the peratin.
A. t eat n B. eating nt C. nt t eat D. nt eating
12. I saw him _______ ut f the rm.
A. g B. had gne C. has gne D. ges
13. —The light in the ffice is still n.
—Oh, I frgt _______.
A. turning it ff B. turn it ff
C. t turn it ff D. having turned it ff
14. He always prefers _______ a bicycle. rather than _______ n a crwded bus.
A. t ride；ride B. riding；ride
C. ride；t ride D. t ride；riding
15. The price is t lw fr custmers________.
A. t believe B. believing C. believed D. believe
[真题链接]
1. The jke was s funny that it made him ____ again and again.
A. laugh B. t laugh C. laughed D. laughs
2. We stpped _________, but there was nt any sund.
A. t listen B. listens C. listen D. Listening
3. Mr. Smith tld his sn _____ the ftball match because f the exam.
A. nt t watch B. t nt watch
C. nt watching 图片 D. desn’t watch