北京市房山区2021届高三年级二模考试英语试题及答案

房山区2021届高三年级二模考试

英语试卷

本试卷共10页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回，试卷自行保存。

第一部分  知识运用（共两节，30分）

第一节  完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Throughout my life, I have met diverse people in various places. The    1    that I have made with these people have affected my life a lot. However, Mrs. Ostrenko’s    2    takes priority over the others’ influences in my life.

Mrs. Ostrenko was my eleventh grade English teacher. She shows that being a teacher is not about teaching but also    3    someone’s life, whether it is significant or trivial.

“My greatest joy is seeing my    4    succeed,” said Mrs. Ostrenko on the first day of class. Not all students come to school excited to learn, but Ostrenko is the type of teacher that has the ability to make her class    5    and memorable. Not only did I learn more about English in one quarter from her class than I learned in my first two years of high school, but her influence allowed me to    6    in all my other classes as well.

Mrs. Ostrenko may look like any other lady but what lies beneath the surface is an enthusiastic soul with perseverance that    7    those around her. Having taught for over ten years, she is still able to find the joy in    8    and remains as enthusiastic as ever about the topic she teaches. Her willpower and self-sacrificing    9    encourage me with the strength to overcome everyday obstacles. Her passion for teaching is evident in every single lesson she teaches, which inspires me to seek the same kind of    10    in my class as a teacher.

She is more than just an inspiration; she is a mentor who has taught me the importance of education.

1. A. relationships B. appointments C. decisions D. troubles

2. A. promise B. impact C. selection D. direction

3. A. giving B. risking C. saving D. changing

4. A. partners B. teachers C. students D. colleagues

5. A. scaring B. confusing C. exciting D. embarrassing

6. A. improve B. relax C. play D. question

7. A. disturbs B. inspires C. annoys D. amuses

8. A. decorating B. communicating C. dressing D. teaching

9. A. abilities B. words C. skills D. spirits

10. A. passion B. wisdom C. property D. ambition

第二节  语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

A

The Spring Equinox (春分) starts on March 20 and ends on April 3 this year. It signals the equal    11    (long) of the day and night time. The sun is directly above the equator    12    the day of the Spring Equinox. After the equinox, the sun moves northwards,    13    (result) in gradually longer day time in the Northern Hemisphere and longer night in the Southern Hemisphere.

B

My brother was my personal guardian, a friend, and a mentor. Although we were 6 years apart in age,    14    is considered a large gap between kids, my brother and I often played together. During difficult times, my brother never    15    (fail) to give me his attention and help. Whenever I had trouble with school work, he would make    16    (he) available to help. When I was in 5th grade, I couldn’t make sense of the music teachings of my teacher. My brother took the time to study music in order to teach me the notes and scales. I was not able to understand anything through my teacher    17    everything made sense and the logic of music became apparent through my brother.

C

China is aiming for comprehensive, systemic reforms in green transformation to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. To achieve the goals, more effective measures    18    (take) to strictly control the consumption of fossil fuels. It is also vital to establish a new power system    19    (center) around new energy to enhance the carbon sink capacity of the ecosystem and popularize the idea among the public. Industrial    20    (chain), such as new energy vehicles and hydrogen fuel cells, will develop rapidly, and energy-saving products will be highly promoted to the public to reduce the demand for fossil energy.

第二部分  阅读理解（共两节，38分）

第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

About IVHQ

At International Volunteer HQ, we bring people from all walks of life together to make a difference on the adventure of a lifetime. Established in 2007, we have grown to become the world’s leading volunteer travel company, working in over 50 destinations around the world and placing thousands of volunteers abroad every year.

We’re focused on providing affordable volunteer travel experiences that are responsible, safe and high quality. Our programs heighten global awareness and cultural understanding through the skills and expertise taken by volunteers to their host communities, and through the experiences and lessons that volunteers take back to their own countries and cultures.

How IVHQ Works

IVHQ provides affordable volunteer programs by partnering with organizations based in each of our program countries. We believe this is the best approach to international volunteering.

First, local organizations are in the best position to see where volunteers are genuinely needed. The staff in these organizations are locals, they have been raised in the area and know it inside and out.

Second, partnering with local organizations reduces the costs associated with hosting volunteers, making programs more affordable. This means more people are enabled to volunteer and that enables greater social outcomes to be achieved.

Why Volunteer Abroad with IVHQ

Having supported thousands of people to volunteer abroad since 2007, IVHQ is proud to be the most popular volunteer travel organization for international volunteers. One of the major strengths of IVHQ is our careful selection process in choosing our partner organizations and the high quality volunteer programs that we offer through these partners. Every program that IVHQ offers has been personally inspected by IVHQ. We have experienced the programs first-hand, we have assessed the local teams and we have provided comprehensive IVHQ training to all of our local teams.

How to Get Started

Want to make a difference? Click this simple step-by-step guide to choose the perfect volunteer program and secure your place with IVHQ. We’re here for you from start to finish.

21. According to the passage, we can learn that IVHQ ________.

A. is the largest and most popular international adventure agency

B. has helped promote international cultural exchange and understanding

C. is experienced and has already made huge profits since it was established

D. has provided various and expensive volunteer programs all over the world

22. Which of the following words can best describe IVHQ?

A. Comprehensive and practical. B. Reliable and affordable.

C. Environmental friendly and cheap. D. High-quality and adventurous.

23. Where is this article probably taken from?

A. A fashion magazine. B. A science newspaper.

C. A website.  D. A guide booklet.

B

When Arun Krishnamurthy was a teenager, he witnessed a pond near his home filling up with garbage. The damages to the pond inspired him to become a conservationist.

In 2007, Kirshnamurthy founded the Environmentali Foundation of India (EFI)—a group that restores freshwater lakes and ponds across India. The team works to remove garbage and restores the natural habitats of birds, frogs and native plants, giving wildlife a chance to return. Over the last 13 years, EFI has carried out restoration work on 112 lakes and ponds.

EFI’s primary goal is to restore lakes and ponds, but the organization’s work also benefits India’s water supply, because restoring water body helps groundwater recharge. In fact, groundwater is critical to India, accounting for 80% of its water supply. However, exploitation—for domestic and agricultural use reducing reserves at a worrying rate.

The government needs to take action, but Krishnamurthy believes individuals also have a significant role to play. That’s why he wants to raise awareness of water’s importance in people’s daily lives. He points to the fact that groundwater in India is used for free, and a lot of it is wasted.

Currently, EFI is facing a challenge when it comes to waste disposal. Up to 95% of the solid waste it collects from the ponds ends up in landfill. Krishnamurthy says EFI is investigating options for reusing and recycling more of the garbage.

But despite different challenges, he feels hopeful not only for India but for the world. He urges people everywhere to pay attention to the dumping of waste and needs of wildlife. “With the right intentions”, says Krishnamurthy, “everyone can make an impact on our planet.”

24. Why was the Environmentalist Foundation of India founded?

A. To restore freshwater lakes and ponds across India.

B. To remove garbage and help groundwater recharge in India.

C. To build birds, frogs and native plants natural habitats in India.

D. To give wildlife chance to return and improve water supply in India.

25. What is the challenge the Environmentalist Foundation of India facing now?

A. How to develop water for domestic use.

B. How to deal with the solid waste effectively.

C. How to collect waste and meet the needs of wildlife.

D. How to remove the garbage from the lakes and ponds.

26. What is the attitude of Krishnamurthy towards dealing with waste in India?

A. Indifferent. B. Uncertain. C. Sympathetic. D. Positive.

C

A unique positioning technology POINTER is being developed to pinpoint firefighters inside buildings where other positioning technologies fail.

“Even with all of the advances made in firefighting technology, we still lose far too many firefighters each year,” said Greg Price who leads S&T’s first responder research—and—development programs. “We want them to know that we have their backs, that we are working to give them the tools they need to ensure their own safety. POINTER is one of those life-saving solutions.”

Unlike positioning technologies such as GPS or radio-frequency identification, POINTER doesn’t use radio waves. Though radio waves offer a reliable means to determine your location in a relatively open space, they can become unpredictable if you go indoors or find yourself surrounded by high buildings. This may be minor annoyance when trying to find the location of an appointment, but it could be a life-or-death situation when trying to locate firefighters in a burning building.

The POINTER system is composed of three parts: a receiver, transmitter, and base station. The firefighter wears the receiver, which is currently the size of a cellphone but expected to become much smaller after further development. A transmitter that can be attached to emergency vehicles outside the building generates the MQS fields, which travel through the building, pinging any receivers located inside over range of about 230 feet (70 meters) in the current version of the system. This range can be extended but isn’t needed in most fire-service applications. The receivers detect the fields determine their 3D location, and then send that data back outside the building to a laptop (the base station). Visualization software shows where the firefighters are in 3D space within an accuracy of a few inches. Not only can POINTER help firefighting teams locate team members through walls, MOS fields can also determine the orientation of the receiver.

“This is a very exciting technology that adds another dimension to firefighters’ situational awareness,” said JPL’s Ed Chow, the POINTER program manager, “Firefighters can be tracked in real time and, if they become unresponsive, their team members can see if they are trapped under debris or if they are injured so a rescue can be mounted.”

The POINTER team is now planning to carry out a live webcast of a technical demonstration inside a two-level single-family home in Pasadena, California, near the campus of Caltech, which manages JPL for NASA. Further field tests in a variety of firefighting scenarios are being planned through 2021, and a commercial version of POINTER will be made available to fire departments in 2022.

27. Why does the author quote what Greg Price said?

A. To emphasize the necessity and importance of developing POINTER.

B. To introduce the advances made in firefighting positioning technology.

C. To compare the advantages and disadvantages of POINTER and GPS.

D. To demonstrate the reliability of POINTER to locate firefighters inside buildings.

28. What does the underlined word “pingingin” Paragraph probably mean?

A. Sending messages to. B. Adding dimension to.

C. Protecting the safety of. D. Shutting the connection with.

29. Paragraph 4 is mainly talking about ________.

A. how POINTER is tested B. what POINTER is

C. why POINTER is developed D. how POINTER works

30. What can be inferred about POINTER from the passage?

A. It may be only a dream. B. It will serve NASA only.

C. It will come into use soon. D. It may have passed field tests.

D

The world climbs in population every year, meaning new parents enter the workforce daily. A wide variety of ideas change and adapt over time as people try to figure out what the “best” take on parenting is. Sadly, some parenting techniques have disastrous effects.

A common technique that leads to a difficult adult life by lowering confidence in children is negative parenting. Negative parenting tactics, such as lecturing, complaining, and yes, insulting can have a serious effect on your child’s behavior and activities later on in life. Clearly, being insulted and lectured multiple times a day by an authority figure can greatly affect a child’s confidence going into adulthood. It’s not surprising he’s hardly apt to actively seek out the companionship of others. Instead, his negative feelings toward himself cultivate a feeling of unworthiness around other children.

While negative parenting can affect a child’s mental state, helicopter parenting results in ill-prepared children in an ever growing competitive world. A helicopter parent is overly involved in the life of his or her child. Children who cannot regulate their emotions and behavior effectively are more likely to have a harder time making friends and to struggle in school. Another problem children with helicopter parents may have in the future is managing their health. Taking all of this information into account, helicopter parenting doesn’t allow the child to be independent, so once the child has grown up he or she will not be able to make a decision by himself or herself.

On the other side of the spectrum, permissive parenting leaves a child undisciplined for life. This style of parenting has a very loose structure and few rules; the parents usually show a lot of affection and love for their children. Therefore, permissive parenting is a type of parenting style characterized by low demands with high responsiveness. Because parents have low expectations of their children, and want to be friends rather than parents, kids suffer because of a lack of achievement and motivation to do well in what they do. Therefore, children have worse self-control and cannot follow rules. These are fundamental concepts that should be taught at a young age to prepare for adulthood. If done a certain way, the effects left from parenting can hurt an adolescent into adult years.

Overall, parenting really does affect how children grow and adapt to their world. Some parenting techniques lead to major problems that show in adulthood. The new parents of the world ought to be careful with how they raise their children.

31. What might be the influence on a child by negative parenting?

A. Affecting child’s mental state.

B. Improving a child’s confidence.

C. Cultivating a child’s worthiness.

D. Looking for the companionship of others actively.

32. What do helicopter parents usually do?

A. Expect too much of their child B. Teach their child to manage health.

C. Make too many decisions for their child. D. Allow their child to do whatever he wants.

33. What does the author think of self-control and self-discipline?

A. Punishing. B. Suffering. C. Permissive. D. Essential.

34. What is the purpose of the author’s writing the passage?

A. To make comparison of parenting styles on children.

B. To highlight the importance of parenting styles on children.

C. To share the latest definitions of parenting styles on children.

D. To inform the readers of the new parenting styles on children.

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Disasters can happen when people launch an unmanned flying gadget like a drone without knowing how to really control it.    35    A falling drone can do serious damage to buildings and people.

One terrible accident happened when an operator lost control of a drone. The drone pilot was flying the gadget by his home when its rotors (旋翼) hit tree. The drone went out of control, falling into neighbour’s backyard where a young child was playing. The rotors were still spinning fast and a blade struck the child.    36  

Sometimes drones can just fly away quickly or drift away with the wind for many different reasons. The software that has been loaded into the drone could break down, or the global positioning system (gps) could be faulty.    37    Drone makers are trying to work out ways to stop these things happening.

   38    People have tried to catch them in giant nets, but this can cause more problems than the rogue drone itself. In some countries, eagles are taught to identify drone as prey. Then they swoop down and grab the drone from the sky with their long, strong claws. When they take the drone to a safe place, they are rewarded for their efforts.

Drones can be harmful, having caused a lot of serious damage to buildings and people.    39    At a sports event, drones can be used to give spectators a view from above or help coaches see how their players are doing. They are also becoming a useful tool for firefighters, helping them spot wildfires and even assisting to fight them. Drones can spy on populations of animals in the wild, especially endangered ones. In some very remote places in the world, drones are the fastest way to deliver medicine to people who need it desperately.

A. However, they can also be very helpful.

B. Sadly, this little boy lost his sight in one eye.

C. However, this is not just the end to the disaster.

D. Trying to get a drone out of the sky can be difficult.

E. So drones should be banned and only used by governments.

F. Drones can become flyaways, caught up in a jet stream and blown away.

G. All of above would cause the drone to lose its connection with the controller.

第三部分  书面表达（共两节，32分）

第一节  阅读表达（共4小题；第1、2题各2分，第3题3分，第4题5分，共12分）

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。

Robots help us in many ways—from assembly lines to looking after the elderly. Now they’re turning their attention to coping with climate change by helping to plant trees.

Milrem Robotics, an Estonian company, has developed an autonomous robot forester. The new robot forester can plant a hectare of forest in less than six hours. The robotic planters are equipped with Lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) which uses laser pulses to build up three-dimensional image of the robots’ surroundings and global positioning (GPS) to navigate precisely. The position of each sapling is recorded in a database as it is planted, which means that a specialized brush cutter version of the robot forester can reduce competitive growth without harming the young trees.

The robot forester is designed for working in commercial forests and it could used to restore natural forests, too. Deforestation (滥伐) contributes 15% of all global greenhouse gas emissions. Conservationists say, “We lose 10 million hectares of trees every year to agriculture and logging and we need to plant trillion trees to reverse forest cover loss to help slow down climate change.” A mature tree can capture an average of 0.62 metric tons of carbon dioxide over its lifetime—equivalent to the carbon emissions from driving a car 2,400 kilometres. Tree planting is just one of a range of measures needed to fight climate change and scientists say it’s important to plant the right trees in the right place for it to be effective.

These robotic planters are just one of the many new solutions beginning to surface in time for the decade of delivery on climate change. We can do a lot to help in our daily life.

40. What is the robot forester capable of?

41. According to conservationists, how can we help slow down climate change?

42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.

Milrem Robotics developed the autonomous robot foresters to help speed up deforestation.

43. Please state what you will do to help slow climate change? (about 40 words)

第二节  作文（20分）

假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们班下周六将组织参观中国科技馆。请你用英语写一封电子邮件，邀请你校交换生Jim参加。内容包括：

1. 出发时间、地点；

2. 活动安排；

3. 注意事项。

注意：

1. 词数100左右；

2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

提示词语：中国科技馆China Science and Technology Museum

Dear Jim,

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

参考答案

第一部分：语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节 完形填空:（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）

第二节 语法填空: （共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）

注意：

14题 are taken也可接受。

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分38分）

第一节：（共14小题；每小题2分，满分28分）

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

.第三部分:书面表达 （共2小题，35分）

第一节阅读表达（共4小题；第1、2题各2分，第3题3分，第4题5分， 共12分）。

参考答案

40. Planting a hectare of trees in under six hours.

Planting a hectare of forest in less than six hours.

The new robot forester can plant a hectare of forest in less than six hours.

41. By planting a trillion trees to reverse forest cover loss.

We need to plant a trillion trees to reverse forest cover loss to help slow down climate change.

42. Milrem Robotics developed the autonomous robot foresters to help speed up deforestation.

According to the passage, the robot forester is designed for working in commercial forests and it could used to restore natural forests instead of helping speed up deforestation.

43. As a student, I actively play my part in slowing climate change. On the one hand, I clearly know paper is made from wood, so I always use both sides of the paper and avoid leaving a lot white space on the page to reduce forest cutting. On the other hand, I usually ride a bike or take a public transport instead of driving for a short distance.

第二节 作文（20分）

One possible version:

Dear Jim，

How is everything going?

I'm writing to invite you to visit China Science and Technology Museum next Saturday. We are going to meet at our school gate at 8 am and took school by there. In the Museum, you can see China's 5000-year scientific and technological development, which represents Chinese culture， the love and pursuit of science and technology of millions of Chinese people. And we can also do some experiments by ourselves，such as experiencing ancient papermaking activities. We’ll return at 12:00 after lunch. Remember to wear the school uniform and sneakers.

Please come and join us. I'm sure you will enjoy the trip．

I'm looking forward to your early reply．

Yours，

Li Hua

One possible version:

Dear Jim,

How’s everything going?

Knowing you are interested in science and technology, I’d like to invite you to visit China Science and Technology Museum next Saturday.

Here are some arrangements. We will gather at school gate at 8:00 and then go there by school bus. When we arrive there, we will visit scientific and informative exhibitions to learn about the dramatic changes that have taken place in technology applications. After that, we will have a chance to experience some interactions and participations, where we will feel the charm and secret of science and technology.  

If you’d like to go, please let me know and remember to wear the school uniform and sneakers. Hope to meet you next Saturday.

Yours,

Li Hua