2022版高考英语一轮复习对点冲关训练板块1第1讲名词和数词含解析外研版202103311192

第1讲

单句语法填空

1．The hotel has been ordered to close because it is overrun by ________ (mouse) and rats.

mice　[根据后面的rats可知，空白处要填入mouse的复数形式mice。]

2．The system reflects the seasonal characteristics of annual natural ________ (phenomenon) and farming activities.

phenomena　[根据后面的activities可知，空白处要填入phenomenon的复数形式phenomena。]

3．Police were reported to have seized all ________(copy) of this morning's edition of the newspaper.

copies　[根据句意可知，空白处要填入copy的复数形式copies。]

4．Here he sat, with his pipe between his ________(tooth) and both hands resting on his knees.

teeth　[根据句意可知，空白处要填入tooth的复数形式teeth。]

5．Barber shops have been opened in most big hotels in foreign countries；guests can go to the ________ (barber) to have a haircut directly.

barber's　[句意：国外大部分大的酒店都有理发店，客人可以直接去那里理发。the barber's 指“理发店”，故填barber's。]

6．It's about an ________ (hour) drive from our school to the city center, but it takes more time at the weekend.

hour's　[一个小时的车程“an hour's drive”。]

7．On his ________ (twelve) birthday, Philip decided to give up eating meat.“I don't think it's right to eat animals，”he said.

twelfth　[考查序数词。第十二个生日“twelfth birthday”。]

8．Next season will be my ________ (nine) in Liverpool and I still have one year left on my current contract.

ninth　[考查序数词。我的第9赛季“my ninth (season)”。]

9．If a regular bus can hold dozens of people, imagine what a bus ________ (two) the size can hold!

twice　[考查数词。“想象一下两倍于它大小的一辆公交车能容纳多少人！”表两倍大为twice the size。]

10．Sunlight passes through the atmosphere and then reflects off the ________ (earth) surface in the form of heat.

earth's　[“地球的表面”的英语表达是the earth's surface。]

11．(2020·广东佛山七校联考)At this moment, he noticed several rather fragrant ________(leaf) dropping from the tree beside him.

leaves　[leaf “叶子”为可数名词，根据该词前的修饰词several可知，此处要用其复数形式。]

12．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Then，when I was in the ________(five) grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher so much.

fifth　[“五年级”的英语表达是the fifth grade。]

13．(2020·湖北部分重点中学第一次联考)My best ________(memory) of Chinese food were when I first learned to use the chopsticks.

memories　[根据该句中的谓语动词were可知，此处的主语要用名词的复数形式，故填memories，表示“回忆”。]

14．The first story about a monster in Loch Ness was told over 500 years ago, but the legend of the monster spread widely only in the ________(twenty) century.

twentieth　[“二十世纪”的英语表达是the twentieth century。]

15．Also, power walking decreases the risk of serious ________ (illness) like high blood pressure, heart attacks and certain types of cancers.

illnesses　[考查名词的单复数。根据空后的“like high blood pressure...cancers”可知，空处表示不止一种疾病，故用名词的复数形式。]

语法填空

A

Last week, in support of the battle against COVID­19(新冠肺炎)in Wuhan, my classmates and I started a campaign named “Lucky Money Plan”，1．________turned out to be worthwhile and 2．________(benefit). Learning that the protective equipment was badly needed from TV, I was determined to take 3．________(measure)to deal with this worrying situation. After careful consideration, a good idea hit me that I could raise some money 4．________(buy) medical supplies for Wuhan.

Without delay, I posted my advocating (支持)letter on the school website，5．________(call)on all my fellows to take an active part in it. Much 6．________my surprise, all of them showed great interest and donated all their lucky money. I ordered a lot of medical necessities on the Internet, and these items 7．________ (deliver) to Wuhan directly.

A few days later, I received a telephone call from the hospital. The doctor spoke highly of 8．________we had done, saying our 9．________(kind)and our support strengthened their determination to wipe out the virus. Hearing these words, I felt 10．________ (extreme)excited and proud.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者为了支持武汉抗击新冠肺炎，和同学们开展了“压岁钱计划”活动，用筹集的压岁钱购买医疗必需品运往武汉。作者为自己的所作所为感到自豪。

1．which　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，句子主干是my classmates and I started a campaign，句中包含非限制性定语从句，先行词是Lucky Money Plan，指物，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导，故填which。]

2．beneficial　[考查形容词。和and前的worthwhile并列，在句中作表语用形容词，故填beneficial。]

3．measures　[考查名词复数。measure表示“措施”时用复数形式，“采取措施”是take measures，故填measures。]

4．to buy　[考查非谓语动词。此处为不定式作目的状语。]

5．calling　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知句中已有谓语动词posted，此处用非谓语动词。句中主语I和动词call是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填calling。]

6．to　[考查介词。表示“令某人吃惊的是”是固定短语to one's surprise，故填to。]

7．were delivered　[考查时态语态。根据Last week和全文时态可知用一般过去时，句中主语these items和动词deliver是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，与主语一致，故填were delivered。]

8．what　[考查宾语从句。句意：医生高度赞扬了我们所做的事。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，用what引导，故填what。]

9．kindness　[考查名词。此处作say的宾语，且由our修饰用名词。故填kindness。]

10．extremely　[考查副词。此处表示“非常兴奋”，修饰形容词excited和proud用副词，故填extremely。]

B

There is some good news for the environment.The British government has banned the use of plastic particles(微粒) in cosmetics(化妆品) and other personal care products.

Plastic microbeads or tiny solid plastic particles 11．________ (use)mostly in cosmetics production，facial washes，toothpaste and other products.When we use these things，the plastic microbeads get into our pipes that carry water，and 12．________(eventual)end up in the ocean.Plastic in the ocean puts fish and plants 13．________ danger，and even causes them to die.

14．________ (official)say that the ban will prevent water pollution and in the meantime help with the 15．________ (protect)of ocean life.“The ban will stop billions of pieces of plastic entering our ecosystem，thus 16．________ (help)to conserve our precious seas and oceans，”former Prime Minister ever wrote on Twitter.

Therese Coffey，then the Environment Minister of the U．K.，said，“The world's seas and oceans are some of our most 17．________ (value)natural things.And 18．________ we do now is to deal with the plastic that causes great damage to our sea life.”He also added，“Actually, 19．________ amount of natural green things that we can take advantage of 20．________ (make)personal care products is huge，and therefore the use of plastic microbeads should be abandoned.”

【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍的是英国政府颁布了一项禁令，禁止在化妆品以及其他个护产品中使用塑料微粒，并介绍了这一禁令可以为海洋环境带来的益处。

11．are used　[考查动词的时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：塑料微粒或微小的固体塑料颗粒主要用于化妆品生产、洗面奶、牙膏和其他产品中。分析句子成分可知，设空处在句中作谓语。结合语境可知，此处描述客观情况，应用一般现在时；主语Plastic microbeads or tiny solid plastic particles为复数概念，且与动词use之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填are used。]

12．eventually　[考查词性转换。句意：在我们使用这些产品时，塑料微粒会进入我们的输水管道，最终流入海洋。此处修饰动词短语end up，应用副词。故填eventually。]

13．in　[考查介词。句意：海洋中的塑料会使鱼类和植物处于危险之中，甚至会导致它们的死亡。put...in danger为固定搭配，意为“将……置于危险中”。故填in。]

14．Officials　[考查名词单复数。句意：官员们表示，这一禁令将会阻止水污染，同时也有助于保护海洋生物。根据设空处后的谓语动词say可知，设空处应为名词的复数形式。故填Officials。]

15．protection　[考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。根据设空处前的the和设空处后的of可知，此处应用名词形式。故填protection。]

16．helping　[考查非谓语动词。句意：前首相曾在推特上写道：“这项禁令将阻止数十亿塑料碎片进入我们的生态系统，从而有助于保护我们珍贵的海洋。”本句中谓语动词为will stop，help与其之间无连接词，应用非谓语形式作状语；且help与其逻辑主语——前面的整个句子——之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填helping。]

17．valuable　[考查词性转换。句意：世界上的海洋是我们最宝贵的一些自然资源。此处用于修饰名词短语natural things，应用形容词。故填valuable。]

18．what　[考查名词性从句。句意：那么我们现在要做的是处理掉对海洋生物造成巨大危害的塑料。本句中主句的系动词为is，is前面的部分为主句的主语，即主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，结合语境可知，应用what引导主语从句。故填what。]

19．the　[考查冠词。句意：实际上，自然中那些能加以利用来制造个人护理产品的绿色资源的数量是巨大的，因此应放弃使用塑料微粒。the amount of...为固定搭配，意为“……的数量”。故填the。]

20．to make　[考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，that引导定语从句，修饰natural green things，从句中谓语动词为can take advantage of，动词make与其之间无连接词，应用非谓语形式；由句意可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to make。]