2021届高考英语二轮专题训练高考精品真题重组练四课件20210223186

这是一份2021届高考英语二轮专题训练高考精品真题重组练四课件20210223186，共37页。

Ⅰ. 阅读理解Passage 1(2020·全国Ⅲ卷·D)　　We are the prducts f evlutin, and nt just evlutin that ccurred billins f years ag. As scientists lk deeper int ur genes (基因), they are finding examples f human evlutin in just the past few thusand years. Peple in Ethipian highlands have adapted t living at high altitudes. Cattle-raising peple in East Africa and nrthern Eurpe have gained a mutatin (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team f researchers reprted a new kind f adaptatin—nt t air r t fd, but t the cean. A grup f sea-dwelling peple in Sutheast Asia have evlved int better divers. The Bajau, as these peple are knwn, number in the hundreds f thusands in Indnesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditinally lived n husebats; in recent times, they’ve als built huses n stilts (支柱) in castal waters. “They are simply a stranger t the land, ” said Redney C. Jubilad, a University f Hawaii researcher wh studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilad first met the Bajau while grwing up n Samal Island in thePhilippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing r harvesting shellfish. “We were s amazed that they culd stay underwater much lnger than us lcal islanders, ” Dr. Jubilad said. “I culd see them actually walking under the sea. ”
In 2015, Melissa Ilard, then a graduate student in genetics at the University f Cpenhagen, heard abut the Bajau. She wndered if centuries f diving culd have led t the evlutin f physical characteristics that made the task easier fr them. “It seemed like the perfect chance fr natural selectin t act n a ppulatin, ” said Dr. Ilard. She als said there were likely a numberf ther genes that help the Bajau dive. 【文章大意】该篇文章介绍了研究人员发现为适应海洋生活而进化成更好的潜水者的巴瑶人以及他们的生活方式等。
1. What des the authr want t tell us by the examples in Paragraph 1?A. Envirnmental adaptatin f cattle raisers. B. New knwledge f human evlutin. C. Recent findings f human rigin. D. Significance f fd selectin. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段As scientists lk deeper int ur genes, they are finding examples f human evlutin in just the past few thusand years. 可知, 下面的例子都是为了进一步说明研究者在更深入地研究我们的基因, 发现了过去几千年人类进化的现象。故选B。
2. Where d the Bajau build their huses?A. In valleys. 　　　　　　B. Near rivers. C. On the beach. D. Off the cast. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中They have traditinally lived n husebats; in recent times, they’ve als built huses n stilts in castal waters. 可知, 他们把房子建在沿海水域的支柱上。故选D。
3. Why was the yung Jubilad astnished at the Bajau?A. They culd walk n stilts all day. B. They had a superb way f fishing. C. They culd stay lng underwater. D. They lived n bth land and water. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段中We were s amazed that they culd stay underwater much lnger than us lcal islanders可知, 他惊奇的原因是巴瑶人能在水下待很长的时间。amazed与astnished同义, 意为“惊奇的”。故选C。
4. What can be a suitable title fr the text?A. Bdies Remdeled fr a Life at SeaB. Highlanders’ Survival SkillsC. Basic Methds f Genetic ResearchD. The Wrld’s Best Divers【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据文章第二段On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team f researchers reprted a new kind f adaptatin—nt t air r t fd, but t the cean. A grup f sea-dwelling peple in Sutheast Asia have evlved int better divers. 可知, 巴瑶人为适应海洋生活而进化成更好的潜水者, 故本文主要介绍了适应海洋生活的身体。
Passage 2(全国乙卷·D)　　A build-it-yurself slar still(蒸馏器) is ne f the best ways t btain drinking water in areas where the liquid is nt readily available. Develped by tw dctrs in the U. S. Department f Agriculture, it’s an excellent water cllectr. Unfrtunately, yu must carry the necessary equipment with yu, since it’s all but impssible t find natural substitutes. The nly cmpnents required, thugh, are a sheet f clear r slightly milky plastic, six feet f plastic tube, and a cntainer—perhaps just a drinking cup—t catch the
water. These pieces can be flded int a neat little pack and fastened n yur belt. 　　T cnstruct a wrking still, use a sharp stick r rck t dig a hle fur feet acrss and three feet deep. Try t make the hle in a damp area t increase the water catcher’s prductivity. Place yur cup in the deepest part f the hle. Then lay the tube in place s that ne end rests all the way in the cup and the rest f the line runs up—and ut—the side f the hle.  
Next, cver the hle with the plastic sheet, securing the edges f the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center dwn with a rck. The plastic shuldnw frm a cne(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The lw pint f the sheet must be centered directly ver, and n mre than three inches abve, the cup. 　　The slar still wrks by creating a greenhuse under the plastic. Grund water evaprates (蒸发) and cllects n the sheet until small drps f water frm, run dwn the material, and fall ff int the cup. When the cntainer is full, yu can suck the refreshment ut thrugh the tube, and wn’t have t break dwn the still every time yu need a drink.
【文章大意】在很难得到水的地方, 怎样自制蒸馏器来获得饮用水?本文就告诉了读者制作它的方法。
5. What d we knw abut the slar still equipment frm the first paragraph?A. It’s delicate. 　　　　　B. It’s expensive. C. It’s cmplex. D. It’s prtable. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第一段的These pieces can be flded int a neat little pack and fastened n yur belt. 可知, 这个设备是易携带的。由此可知选D。D项中prtable表示“便携的”。
6. What des the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in Paragraph 2 refer t?A. The tube. B. The still. C. The hle. D. The cup. 【解析】选B。词义猜测题。此处指在潮湿的地方挖一个洞, 目的是让蒸馏器蒸馏出更多的水。所以the water catcher指the still。故选B。
7. What is the last step f cnstructing a wrking slar still?A. Dig a hle f a certain size. B. Put the cup in place. C. Weight the sheet’s center dwn. D. Cver the hle with the plastic sheet. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段的Next, cver the hle with the plastic sheet, securing the edges f the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center dwn with a rck. 可知, 自制蒸馏器最后一步是在塑料纸的中间放上一块石头让塑料纸的中心降下来。故选C。
8. When a slar still wrks, drps f water cme int the cup frm______.  A. the plastic tubeB. utside the hleC. the pen airD. beneath the sheet【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段的Grund water evaprates and cllects n the sheet until small drps f water frm, run dwn the material, and fall ff int the cup. 可知, 地表水蒸发, 在塑料纸上形成水滴, 然后水滴到下面的杯子里。故选D。
Ⅱ. 完形填空(2019·全国卷Ⅲ) The small twn f Rjukan in Nrway is situated between several muntains and des nt get direct sunlight frm late September t mid-March— 　1　 six mnths ut f the year.   “Of curse, we　2　 it when the sun is shining, ”says Karin R, wh wrks fr the twn’s turism ffice. “We see the sky is 　3　, but dwn in the valleyit’s darker — it’s like n a 　4　 day. ” 
But that 　5　 when a system f high-tech 　6　 was intrduced t reflectsunlight frm neighbring peaks(山峰)int the valley belw. Wednesday, residents(居民)f Rjukan 　7　 their very first ray f winter sunshine: A rw f reflective bards n a nearby muntainside were put t 　8　. The mirrrs are cntrlled by a cmputer that 　9　 them t turn alng with the sun thrughut the 　10　 and t clse during windy weather. They reflect a cncentrated beam(束)f light nt the twn’s central 　11　, creating an area f sunlight rughly 600 square meters. When the light 　12　, Rjukan residents gathered tgether.  
“Peple have been 　13　 there and standing there and taking 　14　 f each ther, ” R says. “The twn square was ttally 　15　. I think almst all the peple in the twn were there. ”The 3, 500 residents cannt all 　16　 the sunshine at the same time. 　17　, the new light feels like mre than enugh fr the twn’s 　18　 residents.   “It’s nt very 　19　, ” she says, “but it is enugh when we are 　20　. ” 【文章大意】本文为说明文, 主要介绍挪威小镇利用高科技反射太阳光, 解决冬季小镇山谷没有阳光的问题。
1. A. nly　　 B. bviusly C. nearly　 D. precisely【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。根据上文“des nt get direct sunlight frm late September t mid-March”可知, 小镇在九月末到来年三月中旬没有直接的阳光, 一共近(nearly)六个月。nly只有; bviusly明显地; precisely精确地。2. A. fearB. believeC. hearD. ntice【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。根据下文“when the sun is shining”可知太阳照射时, 当地人可以注意到(ntice)有太阳。fear害怕; believe相信; hear听到。
3. A. emptyB. blueC. highD. wide【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。本句是R介绍当地没有阳光的情况, 根据后文“dwn in the valley it’s darker” 山谷下面更黑, 可知当有太阳时, 当地的天是蓝的(blue)。empty空的; high高的; wide宽的。4. A. cludyB. nrmalC. differentD. warm【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据前文“dwn in the valley it’s darker” 山谷下面更黑, 可知山谷里天色更暗, 像是阴天(cludy)。nrmal正常的; different不同的; warm温暖的。
5. A. helpedB. changedC. happenedD. mattered【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。根据后文“when a system f high-tech ______was intrduced t reflect sunlight frm neighbring peaks int the valley belw”可知当一个高科技系统将阳光从邻近的山峰反射进入山谷时, 情况发生了改变(changed)。help帮助; happen发生; matter有关系。 
6. A. cmputersB. telescpesC. mirrrsD. cameras【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。根据后文“The mirrrs are cntrlled by a cmputer” 镜子是由电脑控制的, 可知这个系统是用镜子(mirrrs)反射阳光。cmputer计算机; telescpe望远镜; camera照相机。7. A. rememberedB. frecastedC. receivedD. imagined【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。根据后文“very first ray f winter sunshine” 冬天的第一缕阳光, 可知当地居民收到(received)冬天的第一缕阳光。remember记住; frecast预测; imagine想象。
8. A. repairB. riskC. restD. use【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。根据前文“A rw f reflective bards n a nearby muntainside were put t” 可知在附近的山坡上安装的一排反射板投入使用(use)。put t use固定搭配, 意为“使用, 利用”。repair修理; risk冒险; rest休息。9. A. frbidsB. directsC. predictsD. fllws【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。根据后文“t turn alng with the sun” 随着太阳转动, 可知电脑指挥(directs)镜子随着太阳转动。frbid禁止; predict预测; fllw跟随。
10. A. dayB. nightC. mnthD. year【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据前文“turn alng with the sun” 随着太阳转动, 和后文“t clse during windy weather”在有风的天气关闭, 可知系统在白天(day)天气良好的情况下运转。night夜晚; mnth月; year年。11. A. libraryB. hallC. squareD. street【解析】选C。词汇复现题。根据后文“The twn square was . . . ”可知应用“square(广场)”。 library图书馆; hall大厅; street街道。
12. A. appearedB. returnedC. fadedD. stpped【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据后文“Rjukan residents gathered tgether” Rjukan居民聚集在一起, 可知阳光出现(appeared)时, 居民聚在有阳光的地方。return返回; fade褪色; stp停止。13. A. drivingB. hidingC. campingD. sitting【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。根据后文“standing there and taking ______f each ther” 站在那里, 互相拍照, 可知居民们聚在广场坐(sitting)或站在那里。drive驾驶; hide隐藏; camp野营。 
14. A. picturesB. ntesC. careD. hld【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据前文“taking”, 可知pictures相片, 符合题意。take pictures拍照。nte笔记; care照顾; hld抓住。15. A. newB. fullC. flatD. silent【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。根据后文“I think almst all the peple in the twn were there. ” 我想镇上几乎所有的人都在那里, 可知广场已满(full), 全都是人。new新的; flat平的; silent沉默的。
16. A. blckB. avidC. enjyD. stre【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。根据后文“at the same time”同时, 可知所有居民不能同时享受(enjy)阳光。blck阻碍; avid避免; stre储存。17. A. InsteadB. HweverC. GraduallyD. Similarly【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。根据前文“cannt all ______the sunshine at the same time” 和后文“the new light feels like mre than enugh” 之间是转折关系, 故Hwever但是, 符合题意。Instead相反; Gradually逐渐地; Similarly类似地。 
18. A. nature-lvingB. energy-savingC. weather-beatenD. sun-starved【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。根据前文“the new light feels like mre than enugh” 可知渴望阳光的(sun-starved)居民很满意。nature-lving热爱自然的; energy-saving节约能源的; weather-beaten饱经风霜的。19. A. bigB. clearC. cldD. easy【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据前文“The 3, 500 residents cannt all ______the sunshine at the same time. ” 所有居民不能同时享受阳光, 可知阳光照射的地方不太大(big)。clear清楚的; cld冷的; easy容易的。
20. A. tryingB. waitingC. watchingD. sharing【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。根据前文“but it is enugh”它是足够的, 可知阳光照射的广场虽然不大, 但居民们分享(sharing)也是足够的。
Ⅲ. 语法填空(2019·全国卷Ⅰ) The plar bear is fund in the Arctic Circle and sme big land masses as far suth as Newfundland. While they are rare nrth f 88°, there is evidence 1. ___________ they range all the way acrss the Arctic, and as far suth as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult t figure ut a glbal ppulatin f plar bears as much f the range has been 2. ___________ (pr) studied; hwever, bilgists calculate that there are abut 20, 000-25, 000 plar bears wrldwide.  
Mdern methds 3. ___________ tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 4. ___________ (perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area. In recent years sme Inuit peple in Nunavut 5. ___________ (reprt) increases in bear sightings arund human settlements, leading t a 6. ___________ (believe) that ppulatins are increasing. Scientists have respnded by 7. ___________ (nte) that hungry bears may be cngregating(聚集) arund human settlements, leading t the illusin(错觉) that ppulatins are 8. ___________ (high) than they actually are. Of 9. ___________ nineteen recgnized plar bear subppulatins, three are
declining, six 10. ___________ (be) stable, ne is increasing, and nine lack enugh data.  【文章大意】本文为科普类说明文, 介绍了北极熊的生存现状。
1. 【解析】that。考查同位语从句的连接词。分析句子可知, 同位语从句意义完整, 解释说明evidence的内容, 只缺少连接词, 故填that。2. 【解析】prly。考查副词。修饰谓语动词has been studied作状语, 应用副词形式, 故填prly。3. 【解析】f/fr。考查介词。此处表示跟踪北极熊数量的现代方法, 故填介词f/fr。4. 【解析】t perfrm。考查动词不定式。本句为主系表结构, 后常跟不定式作状语。
5. 【解析】have reprted。考查时态。根据句中时间状语In recent years可知,应用现在完成时。6. 【解析】belief。考查名词。空格前为不定冠词a, 空格后为同位语从句, 故应填名词belief。7. 【解析】nting。考查非谓语动词。根据空格前的介词by可知, 此处用动名词形式, 故此处填nting。8. 【解析】higher。考查形容词比较级。根据空格后than they actually are可知, 应用形容词的比较级, 故填higher。