高考英语（2011~2020）真题专项练习 专题28.语言运用之语法填空类

这是一份高考英语（2011~2020）真题专项练习 专题28.语言运用之语法填空类，共75页。试卷主要包含了(2020年7月，浙江卷），what，was needed，t change，seasns，making，meant等内容，欢迎下载使用。

十年（2010~2020）高考英语真题分项详解28
语言运用·语法填空类
1.(2020年7月，浙江卷）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 1. ，through agriculture. Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on 2. could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
Farming produced more food per person 3. hunting and gathering，so people were able to raise more children. And，as more children were born，more food 4.(need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 5.(change)lives.
By about 6000 BC，people 6. (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later，they learned to work with the 7. (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， 8. (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then，with 9. rise of science，changes began. New methods 10. (mean)that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so，these changes have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥)have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.
【答案】
1.in
2.what
3.than
4.was needed
5.to change
6.had discovered
7.seasons
8.making
9.the
10.meant.
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了农业的发展历史。
1.考查介词。句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知，“they lived _____”应是之前名词the world 的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the world. live in+名词，意为“居住在某地”。故填in。
2.考查名词性从句。句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖，而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子，宾语从句部分缺主语，所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意，此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。
3.考查固定搭配。句意：农业比狩猎和采集的人均粮食产量更高。结合句意可知，此句中将农业生产与狩猎和采集相比，应用比较连词than。more… than，意为“比……更”故填than。
4.考查时态语态。句意：随着越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填was needed。
5.考查非谓语动词。句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子，简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。
6.考查时态。句意：大约在公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子，简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词，故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by + 过去时间 译为“到…为止”，后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered.
7.考查名词复数。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，提示词的词性为为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填seasons。
8.考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，make所处的分句中无主语，故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式（doing）形式做状语。故填making。
9.考查定冠词。句意：随着科学的崛起，事情发生了变化。with the rise of 译为“随着......的崛起”是固定短语。故填the。
10.考查时态。句意：新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子，主句部分无其他动词，故此处需填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时，根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。
2.(2020年，新高考全国Ⅰ卷）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, 11. (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big 12. until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 13. (form) the core collection of the British Museum 14. opened in 1759.
The parts of a museum open to the public 15. (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection 16. (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine 17. (they) living at a different time in history or 18.(walk)through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city’s Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical 19. (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete 20.people’s spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
【答案】
11.wealthy
12.or
13.formed
14.which/that
15.are called
16.is
17.themselves
18.walking
19.accuracy
20.for
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了博物馆藏品的来源及博物馆给人们带来的好处和面临的挑战。
11.考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪，富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词people，应使用形容词，做定语。故填wealthy。
12.考查连词。句意:他们把自己的藏品留在家里，直到收藏变得太大或者自己去世，然后这些藏品被捐给一家博物馆。根据语境可知，前后陈述的是两者可能性，应使用连词or:或者。故填or。
13.考查动词时态。句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in1759可知，应使用一般过去时。故填formed。
14.考查定语从句。句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the British Museum，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
15.考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，应使用一般现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填are called。
16.考查主谓一致。句意:通常，博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时，主语a small part of a museum’s collection是单数概念，谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式，且后面的Most of it is stored away or used for research.中的is也是提示。故填is。
17.考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors，意为“他们自己”，应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
18.考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分，共同做imagine的宾补，imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
19.考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语，位于形容词historical之后，应使用名词，意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。
20.考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete for，意为: “为了……竞争”。故填for。
3.(2020年，全国卷I）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 21. (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is 22. (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 23. it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 24. (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)， more so 25. the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 26. (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. ＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it 27. (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 28. (construct)＂ Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 29. ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 30. (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
【答案】
21.touched
22.extremely
23.where
24.interest
25.than
26.to find
27.means
28.is constructed
29.much
30.its
【解析】这是一篇说明文。中国成为第一个将航天器降落在月球背面的国家，文章主要介绍了中国无人月球探测器嫦娥四号发射的意义。
21.考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时，故填touched。
22.考查副词。句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式，故填extremely。
23.考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。
24.考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。
25.考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more so可知，此处填介词than，表示“比……更”。故填than。
26.考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
27.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。
28.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单数，故填is constructed。
29.考查形容词。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰，故填much。
30.考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。
4.(2020年，全国卷II）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year is a 31. (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 32. (carry) special significance. They represent the earth 33. (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:
Oranges: Orange trees are more 34. decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifts and you see them many times 35. (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. 36. (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated 37. health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy 38. (care) for and make great presents.
Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The 39. (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are 40. first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
【答案】
31.celebration
32.carries
33.coming
34.than
35.decorated
36.Certainly
37.with
38.to care
39.beautiful
40.the
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了用一些植物、水果和鲜花装饰中国新年的寓意。
31.考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。
32.考查主谓一致。句意：这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从句，从句主语为动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。
33.考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。
34.考查短语。句意：桔子树不仅仅是装饰品；more than不仅仅，不只是。故填than。
35.考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
36.考查副词。句意：当然在假期期间，这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语，因此只有改变成副词才能复合句子结构，用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。
37.考查短语。句意：竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be associated with与……相联系。故填with。
38.考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。故填to care。
39.考查形容词。句意：美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches，用形容词形式。故填beautiful。
40.考查冠词。句意：雪还在融化时，梅花是第一个开花的。这里表示特指，所以序数词first前要加定冠词the。故填the。
5.(2020年，全国卷III）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In ancient China lived an artist41. paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 42. (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would43.(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River～perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
Filled with 44. (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 45. he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 46. (point) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out 47. (find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved, 48. (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds49. (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist 50. earth, Mother Nature.
【答案】
41.whose
42.finest
43.be chosen
44.curiosity
45.When/As
46.pointed
47.to find
48.gently
49.surrounding
50.On
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了一位画家画画栩栩如生，有一天他将画送给宰相时，这位睿智的老人告诉他去漓江旅行——也许他可以从世界上最伟大的艺术家那里学到一些东西。画家最后发现这位世界上最伟大的艺术家就是大自然母亲。
41.考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
42.考查最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。
43.考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。
44..考查名词。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。
45.考查连接词。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词，不能用while引导，故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。
46.考查动词时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
47.考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
48.考查副词。句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。
49.考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
50.考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。
6.(2020年1月，浙江卷）
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median(中位数的)age of an American in 195051.(be)30-today it is 41 and is expected52.(increase)to 42 by 2050. For Japan, the53.(number)are more striking-22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050. In 2015, one in 12 people around the world were over 65；by 2050, it will be one in six.
This aging of the population is driven54.two factors. The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large55.(compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes56.(old)than before. This is57.(particular)true in the US. The second reason is that people are living longer. A child born in the US today has58.very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.
People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention should59.(place)on longevity(长寿). It isn't just that people are, on average, living longer. It's also that they are on average healthier60.more productive for longer. Therefore, they can work for longer, consume more and in general be a boost to the economy.
【答案】
51.was
52.to increase
53.numbers
54.by
55.compared
56.older
57.particularly
58.a
59.be placed
60.and
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了世界人口正面临老龄化问题，并分析了其产生的两个原因。
51.考查动词时态。句意：1950年美国人的中年年龄是30岁，今天是41岁，预计到2050年将增加到42岁。结合上文in 1950可知应用一般过去时，且主语为The median age of an American，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填was。
52.考查非谓语动词。句意同上。根据短语be expected to do sth.“被期望做某事”后跟不定式，故填to increase。
53.考查名词的数。句意：对日本来说，这个数字更加惊人——1950年是22岁，今天是46岁，2050年是53岁。number为可数名词表示“数字”，且根据下文are可知主语应用复数形式，故填numbers。
54.考查介词。句意：人口老龄化是由两个因素造成的。表示“由；被”应用介词by。故填by。
55.考查动词时态语态。句意：首先是出生率的下降，这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多，因此，平均而言，人口比以前老龄化。短语be compared to“与……相比；与某事相提并论”，故填compared。
56.考查形容词比较级。句意同上。根据下文than before可知应用形容词比较级，故填older。
57.考查副词。句意：在美国尤其如此。此处修饰形容词true应用副词，故填particularly。
58.考查冠词。句意：今天在美国出生的孩子有非常现实的机会活到100岁以上，因此需要做出相应的计划。chance为可数名词，此处表示泛指应用不定冠词，且very为辅音音素开头的单词，故填a。
59.考查动词时态语态。句意：然而，更多的关注应放在寿命上。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且should后跟动词原形，故填be placed。
60.考查连词。句意：而且，平均而言，他们更健康，更长寿。结合上下文语境可知此处连接上下文两个并列短语应用连词and，故填and。
7.(2019年，北京卷）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
（1）
Does the name of the college you attend really matter? Research on the question 61.(suggest) that, for most students, it doesn’t. What students do at college seems to matter much more than 62. they go. The students benefitting most from college are those 63. are totally engaged(参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源). Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and 64.(meaning) college experience.
【答案】
61.suggests/suggested/has suggested
62.where
63.who/that
64.meaningful
【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究表明，大学的名气对学生来说并不重要，从大学生活中受益最多的是完全投入学术生活，充分利用大学机会和资源的学生。所以要以正确的态度来选择大学。
61.考查时态。句意：对于这个问题的研究表明，对于大多数学生来说，它不重要。这里表示研究的客观结果，所以用一般现在时，一般过去时或现在完成时均可，故填suggests/suggested/has suggested。
62.考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。
63.考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。___3___ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who或that。
64.考查形容词。这里与前面的healthy并列，修饰后面的名词college experience，故此处也要用形容词。故填meaningful。
（2）
Earth Day, 65.(mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated 66. 1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区). No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various 67.(activity) on Earth Day. You can plant a tree, make a meal with locally grown vegetables, or save power—the possibilities are endless.
【答案】
65.marked
66.in
67.activities
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地球日这一节日的历史和意义。
65.考查非谓语动词。句意：地球日于4月22日举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式可知，设空处是要作名词Earth Day的后置定语，且两者之间是被动关系，要用过去分词。故填marked。
66.考查介词。句意：第一次庆祝是在1970年。如今，这一天的活动遍及190多个国家和地区。在年份前要用介词in。故填in。
67.考查名词。句意：无论你喜欢做什么，有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据设空前的修饰词various可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。故填activities。
（3）
On the first day of my first grade, I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I 68.(voice) my biggest concern to my mother. “How will I make friends?” She handed me advice. “Be yourself.” For the past 20 years, I have lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously 69.(face) challenges, I know I will whisper to 70.(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.

【答案】
68.voiced
69.facing
70.myself
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者在一年级的第一天，对交友感到困惑，妈妈的建议Be yourself（做自己）让作者受益良多。
68.考查时态。句意：我向妈妈表达了我最大的担忧，“我将如何交朋友？”此处的voice是动词，“表达”的意思，作谓语。叙述的是一年级的事情，用一般过去时。故填voiced。
69.考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“Be yourself”。分析句式可知，此处是作句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填facing。
70.考查代词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“Be yourself”。本句的主语是I，当宾语与主语是同一人称时，宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。
8.(2019年，全国卷I）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence 71. they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 72.(poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modern methods 73. tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 74.(perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 75.(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 76.(believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 77.(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 78.(high) than they actually are. Of 79. nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 80.(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【答案】
71.that
72.poorly
73.of/for
74.to perform
75.have reported
76.belief
77.noting
78.higher
79.the
80.are
【解析】本文为说明文。文章介绍了近年来北极熊的生存状况。
71.考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。
72.考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。
73.考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of连接，“methods of doing sth.”意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构；或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。
74.考查非谓语动词。句意：跟踪北极熊数量的现代方法只是从二十世纪八十年代中期以来才开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的。主系表结构之后常用不定式作原因或目的状语。故此处填to perform。
75.考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have reported。
76.考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处用名词形式，故填belief。
77.考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词作宾语，故填noting。
78.考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。
79.考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已识别的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。
80.考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，要用复数谓语，时态为一般现在时，故填are。
9.(2019年6月，浙江卷）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
There are several reasons why school uniforms are good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody 81.(have) to worry about fashion(时尚). Everybody wears 82. same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways. A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth 83. gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or 84.(cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can 85.(easy) see them.
But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer 86. this question is not clear. One study in America found that students’ grades 87.(improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn’t want 88.(wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed no 89.(connect) between uniforms and school performance.
School uniforms are 90.(tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very good schools don’t have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.
【答案】
81.has/will have
82.the
83.that/which
84.cycling
85.easily
86.to
87.improved
88.to wear
89.connection/connections
90.traditional
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学生穿校服的几个好处。
81.考查时态。句意：当每个学生在校穿校服时，没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是when引导的时间状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，因此，主句可以使用将来时will do；根据语境可知，本文叙述的是客观事实，因此，本句亦可用一般现在时，主语是nobody，谓语用has。故填will have/has。
82.考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。
83.考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
84.考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连接两个并列成分，根据or前的walking可知，此处要用cycling。故填cycling。
85.考查副词。分析句式可知，设空处所给词是修饰动词see，修饰动词要用副词，因此，用easy的副词形式。故填easily。
86.考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...表示“……的答案是……”，是固定搭配。故填to。
87.考查时态。句意：美国的一项研究发现，在学校引入校服后，学生的成绩有所提高。本句是after引导的时间状语从句，前后时态保持一致，从句使用了一般过去时，主句用一般过去式。故填improved。
88.考查固定用法。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth想要做某事，这是want的固定用法。故填to wear。
89.考查名词。句意：其他的美国研究表明校服和学校表现之间没有联系。no是形容词，形容词修饰名词，位于名词前，名词可用复数也可用单数形式。connect是动词，“联系”的意思，因此，要用其名词形式。故填connection/connections。
90.考查形容词。句意：穿校服在英国是一个传统，但是一些学校开始允许学生上学不用穿校服。这里作表语，常用形容词，tradition是名词，因此，用其形容词形式。故填traditional。
10.(2019年，全国卷III）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On our way to the house, it was raining 91. hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take 92.(get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 93. dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters 94. had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and 95.(recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. For breakfast, we were able to eat papaya(木瓜) and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 96.(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many 97.(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were 98.(huge) popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay, we 99.(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 100.(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
【答案】
91.so
92.to get
93.of
94.who
95.recommended
96.competition
97.traditional
98.hugely
99.were invited
100.listening
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了他们去夏威夷度假途中的经历以及到了主人家后受到的礼遇，主人热情招待他们，还在工作之余带他们参加了很多当地的活动。
91.考查副词。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“so...that...”意为“如此……以至于……”，固定句型。故填so。
92.考查固定搭配。本句运用了take...to do sth.，意为“花费……做某事”，故此处应填to get。
93.考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群……”。故填of。
94.考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
95.考查一般过去时。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填recommended。
96.考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition。
97.考查形容词。空格修饰名词stories，应用形容词形式，tradition的形容词为traditional，故填traditional。
98.考查副词。空格处修饰形容词popular，应用副词形式，huge的副词为hugely，故填hugely。
99.考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，用被动语态。主语为we，故填were invited。
100.考查非谓语动词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。
11.(2019年，全国卷II）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 101.(be) Britain’s oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, 102. she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have 103.(final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene 104.(declare) she had no plans 105.(retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said, “I don’t see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 106.(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, 107. because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31—who works alongside her in the family business—said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said, “We don’t have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call 108.(say) she was short-listed, we thought it was 109. joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It’s 110.(wonder).”

【答案】
101.being
102.which
103.finally
104.declared
105.to retire
106.have made
107.but
108.saying
109.a
110.wonderful
【解析】本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了九十高龄的Irene作为英国最年长的全职员工，依然在宠物店做着朝九晚五的工作，没有退休的打算，她由此被评为“年度女士”。
101.考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。
102.考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。
103.考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged，意为“最终得到认可”，故填finally。
104.考查时态。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had以及said可知，用一般过去时态，故填declared。
105.考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth作后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词plan，表示“……的计划”，故填to retire。
106.考查动词时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。
107.考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知，此处为转折关系，句意：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因为我想做。此处用but与前文not呼应，构成“不是……而是……”之意，故填but。
108.考查非谓语动词。前面已经有谓语动词call，故此处用非谓语动词形式，根据say与其逻辑主语call是主动关系，故填saying。
109.考查冠词用法。句意：我们还以为这是一个玩笑。此处joke为泛指，故填a。
110.考查形容词作表语。根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语，故填wonderful。
12.(2019年，上海春季高考）
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Start with the end and work backwards
When Jason Hoelscher was an undergraduate of fine art studies, there weren’t any professional development classes. So ambition and the timely realization 111. he would have to determine “what’s next” on his own urged Jason to engage his future self to find direction. It was 1996, and he was finishing his BFA (Bachelor of Fine Art) in Denver. He was faced with the choice of sitting back to wait for something 112. (happen), or pursuing a path into the unknown. He chose the latter.
Jason set up a plan that in five years he 113. (show) his work in the top gallery in that area of the country. This five-year goal gave him a starting point 114. which to work backwards.
By setting the goal, all of Jason’s efforts 115. (point) in the same direction. He showed up at different art show openings, and researched as best he could to make 116. familiar with the market environment.
As a result of showing up, Jason took opportunities 117. got him closer to his goal. He sent work to a student show and was accepted by Robin Rule, the owner of Rule Gallery. 118. (inspire), Jason spent the next month making new work.
In April of 1997, Jason went back to Rule Gallery with his new work. 119. scared to death, he looked confident at the gallery meeting. When he left, he left as the newest addition to the rule gallery roster (花名册). He had his first exhibition there one year later.
Jason could have stopped with the show selection, but what he really wanted was gallery representation. He struck while the iron was hot, and in 120. (do) so, shortened his five-year plan into a year-and-a-half.

【答案】
111.that
112.to happen
113.would show
114.from
115.pointed
116.himself
117.and
118.Inspired
119.Although
120.doing
【解析】本文属于记叙文，介绍Jason Hoelscher为自己设定一个五年目标，不断努力，最终用一年半就实现了。
111.考查定语从句。句意：他自己决定自己要做什么的雄心和及时觉悟督促他自己找到未来的方向。分析句子可知，he would have to determine “what’s next” on his own为限制性定语从句修饰先行词So ambition and the timely realization，从句缺乏have 的宾语，故用关系代词that或者which。
112.考查非谓语动词。句意：他面临两个选择，第一个坐着等待事情的发生，另一个选择就是去探索未知的路。分析句子可知，happen作后置定语修饰something，故用不定式to happen。
113.考查动词时态和语态。句意：他给自己设定了一个目标，用五年的时间，他要让他自己的作品在全国顶尖艺术馆里被展出。分析句子可知，本句缺乏谓语，show与he为主谓关系，故用主动语态，由于陈述过去的计划和打算，故用过去将来时，综述用would show。
114.考查介词。句意：这个五年时间的目标给了他一个起点，他可以从这个起点反向努力。分析句子可知，which to work backwards为定语从句结构修饰先行词starting point，从句缺乏介词，根据先行词，故用介词from。
115.考查动词时态和语态。句意：通过设定目标，他的所有努力能向着同一个方向。分析句子可知，本句缺乏谓语，point与主语efforts为主谓关系，故用主动语态，陈述过去事情，故用一般过去时pointed。
116.考查反身代词。句意：他会出现在各个艺术展览开幕式，尽可能做研究来让自己熟悉市场环境。分析句子可知，本句缺乏宾语，由于主语为he，宾语与主语为同一人称，故宾语用反身代词himself。
117.考查连词。句意：由于经常露面，他抓住所有机会，朝着自己的目标不断前进。分析句子可知，took opportunities和got him closer都是句子谓语，为并列关系，故用并列连词and。
118.考查非谓语动词。句意：深受启发，他花了一个月时间来创作新的作品。分析句子可知，inspire作状语修饰he，与其属于动宾关系，故用过去分词形式Inspired。
119.考查状语从句。句意：尽管害怕的要死，但是在展览会上他看起来信心满满。分析句子可知，前后句属于转折让步关系，故用连词Although。
120.考查非谓语动词。句意：他趁热打铁，通过这样做，把五年的目标用一年半的时间就实现了。in为介词后接动词ing形式，故用doing。
13.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡相应的位置上。
Rise After Falling
A father was worried about his son, 121. was sixteen years old but had no courage at all. So the father decided to call on a Buddhist monk(僧侣) 122.(train) his boy.
The Buddhist monk said to the boy’s father, “I insist that your son should be left alone here. I’ll make him into a real man within three months. 123., you can’t come to see him during this period.”
Three months later, the boy’s father 124.(return). The Buddhist monk arranged a boxing match between the boy and an 125.(experience) boxer. Each time the fighter struck the boy, he 126.(fall) down, but at once the boy stood up; and each time a heavy blow knocked him down, the boy stood up again. Several times later, the Buddhist monk asked, “127. do you think of your child?”
“What a shame!” the boy’s father said, “I never thought he would be so 128.(easy) knocked down. I needn’t have him stay here any 129.(long)!
“I’m sorry that that’s all you see. Don’t you see that each time he falls down, he stands up again instead of 130.(cry)? That’s the kind of courage you wanted him to have.”
【答案】
121.who
122.to train
123.However
124.returned
125.experienced
126.fell
127.what
128.easily
129.longer
130.crying
【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了一个父亲看见自己的儿子没有勇气，于是请了一个僧侣教练让他的儿子来训练他儿子，三个月后，父亲再看儿子，却与僧侣教练针对儿子是否有勇气有了不同的看法。
121.考查定语从句。was sixteen years old but had no courage at all为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词his son，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填who。
122.考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，他的父亲决定请一位和尚来训练他。分析句子可知，train表目的，为了训练他，故填不定式to train。
123.考查副词。句意：三个月之内我将让他变成一个真正的男人，然而，在这期间你不能去看他。此处表示转折，有逗号，故填However。
124.考查动词时态和语态。句意：三个月之后，他的父亲回来了。本句缺乏谓语，return与主语为主谓关系，陈述过去事情，故用一般过去时returned。
125.考查形容词。这里形容一个有经验的拳击手，修饰名词boxer用形容词experienced，意为“有经验的”，故填experienced。
126.考查动词时态和语态。本句缺乏谓语，fall与主语为主谓关系，陈述过去事情，故用一般过去时fell。
127.考查特殊疑问词。句意：你觉得你的孩子怎么样？本句为句型What do you think of...？意为“……觉得怎么样”，故填What。
128.考查副词。副词修饰动词短语knocked down，故填easily。
129.考查固定短语。本句运用了短语，not any longer意为“不再”，故填longer。
l 130.考查非谓语动词。instead of sth./doing sth.意为“代替某事或做某事”，of后接动名词形式，故填crying。
14.(2018年11月，浙江卷）
The Caffeine Catch
Caffeine, a chemical typically found in coffee, has caused a lot of concern because it is one of the few drugs that show up regularly in our food supply. You probably 131.(use) caffeine since childhood. Caffeine 132.(be) in your first Coke. If you ever enjoyed a chocolate bar, you ate caffeine. Soft drinks are the major source(来源) of caffeine for most children and even some adults. 133.(recent), caffeine has found its way into orange, apple, and other flavored drinks.
Small amounts of caffeine-a cup 134. two of coffee a day—seem safe for most people. However, some people have trouble with even small amounts. One cup of coffee 135. the late afternoon or evening will cause 136.(they) to stay awake almost all night. Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem 137.(call) caffeinism. You get very nervous and you can’t sleep.
It is possible 138. caffeine may cause birth defects(缺陷) in humans, too. One study showed that 139.(woman) who drank a lot of coffee, like eight or more cups per day, while they were pregnant were more likely 140.(have) children with birth defects.
【答案】
131. have used/ have been using
132.is (was)
133. Recently
134. or
135.in
136.them
137. called
138.that
139. women
140. to have
【解析】本文是说明文。现在我们的许多食品中添加了咖啡因，文章介绍了大量饮用咖啡因对健康的不良影响。
131.考查时态语态。句中时间状语since childhood和现在完成时连用，此处指你可能从小就摄入咖啡因，表示动作从过去开始持续到现在或动作一直在进行，用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。故填have used/ have been using。
132.考查主谓一致。主语Caffeine是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。此处表示一种事实可以用一般现在时。也可以指小时候的事用一般过去时，故填is (was)。
133.考查副词。句意：最近，咖啡因已经进入了橙子、苹果和其他调味饮料。此处单独作状语用副词，故填Recently。
134.考查连词。此处指每天一杯或两杯咖啡，表示“或者”用连词or，故填or。
135.考查介词。表示“在下午晚些时候或晚上”是in the late afternoon or evening，介词用in，故填in。
136.考查代词。此处作动词cause的宾语用宾格形式，故填them。
137.考查过去分词。句中problem和动词call是被动关系，指这种问题被叫做caffeinism。此处用过去分词表被动，作problem的定语，故填called。
138.考查主语从句。句中it是形式主语，真正主语是后面的从句，从句中不缺少句子成分，意思完整，用that起引导作用，故填that。
139.考查名词。此处表示泛指喝大量咖啡的妇女，指某一类人用名词复数。故填women。
140.考查动词不定式。此处指每天喝大量咖啡的妇女，怀孕时孩子很可能会先天畸形。表示“可能做某事”是be likely to do sth.，用动词不定式，故填to have。
15.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about141. (be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop,142. some of them looked very anxious and143. (disappoint).When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next144. the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike145. (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused146. (stop) until we reached the next stop. Still ,the boy kept147. (ride).He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked,“148. anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?”A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear! It’s149. (I).” She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers150. (sudden) became friendly to one another.
【答案】
141.being
142.and
143.disappointed
144.to
145.caught
146.to stop
147.riding
148.Did
149.me/mine
150.suddenly
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要叙述了有一次坐公交车时,一个骑车的男孩儿为了归还他捡到的行李箱而追着公交车骑行,人们都被这个孩子的行为感动了。
141.考查介词的用法。about为介词,其后接名词、代词或动名词,故填being。
142.考查连词。根据文章内容可知空前和空后为顺承关系,故填and。
143.考查形容词。此处指一些人看上去很失望。disappointed“沮丧的;失望的”，修饰人。故填disappointed。
144.考查固定搭配。next to为固定搭配，意为“靠近;邻近”。故填to。
145.考查时态。此处讲述的是过去的事,故用一般过去时。故填caught。
146.考查固定用法。refuse to do sth固定用法，意为“拒绝做某事”。故填to stop。
147.考查固定用法。keep doing sth固定用法，意为“一直做某事”。故填riding。
148.考查时态。此处是一个一般疑问句,询问过去发生的事情,故助动词用一般过去时。故填Did。
149.考查代词。此处缺少表语。强调“这是我的包”或者“是我(丢了包)”。故填me/mine。
150.考查副词。此处用副词作状语,故填suddenly。
16.(2018年6月，浙江卷）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 151.(dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners 152. come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 153. can be to eat out. I still remember 154. (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I 155.(shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
While regularly eating out seems to 156.(become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be 157.(afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even 158. (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 159.(weigh) problems.
If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home 160. dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.
【答案】
151.dishes
152.who/that
153.it
154.visiting
155.was shocked
156.have become
157.affordable
158.higher
159.weight
160.for
【解析】作者描述了人们喜欢在外面吃饭的现象，分析了其对身体和花费的不良影响，建议我们在家做饭。
151.考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。
152.考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。
153.考查it用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是it can be how cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out是真正主语，it是形式主语。故填it。
154.考查动词形式。此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友，表示记得做过某事用remember doing sth.，故填visiting。
155.考查时态和语态。此处表示我被震惊了。shock的主语是I，两者关系是被动，动作发生在过去。故填was shocked。
156.考查动词时态。根据时间状语in recent years可知，用现在完成时，seems to后用动词原形，故填have become。
157.考查形容词。此处表示一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的。系动词be后用形容词作表语，表示“负担得起的”，故填affordable。
158.考查形容词比较级。此处修饰名词cost用形容词，even表示程度，修饰比较级，故填higher。
159.考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。
160.考查介词。表示去母亲家去吃饭，表示去向、目的用介词for，故填for。
17.(2018年，全国卷III）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I'm not sure 161. is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 162. top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the
163.(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 164.(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel165.(challenge).
My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a 166.(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching 167. these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 168.(they) alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal 169.(mean)me no real harm. He was just saying: "I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 170. (stay)and watch.
【答案】
161.who
162.the
163.loudest
164.looking
165.challenged
166.scientist
167.for
168.them
169.meant
170.to stay
【解析】本文为记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在中非偶遇大猩猩，彼此惊恐的经历。
161.考查宾语从句。句意：我不确定谁更害怕，我，还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为宾语从句，空格处表示“谁”，故用who。
162.考查冠词。此处为固定短语at the top of，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。
163.考查最高级。根据后面的of all可知，他声音最大，所以用最高级loudest。
164.考查动词。动词avoid后要加doing。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用looking。
165.考查非谓语。根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战性。feel为系动词，表示“被挑战”，用过去分词challenged。
166.考查名词。根据语境可知，我是一名科学家。scientist科学家。
167.考查动词短语搭配。search for是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。
168.考查代词。此处做find 的宾语，所以用宾格them。
169.考查谓语动词。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少谓语，再根据总体时态可知要用一般过去时，所以用meant。
170.考查非谓语动词。固定短语allow sb to do允许某人做某事，应该用to stay。
18.(2018年，全国卷II）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 171.（grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 172. past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is 173. (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 174. (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 175. rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased 176. (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 177. (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government 178. (start) a soil-testing program 179. gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while 180. (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
【答案】
171.has grown
172.the
173.actually
174.to improve
175.than
176.pollution
177.global
178.started
179.that/which
180.feeding
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了中国为保护环境在农作物种植上做了一些变化并得到了世界上的知名认识的认可。
171.考查时态。since加时间点，主句要用现在完成时。句意：2011年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。
172.考查冠词。句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。故是特指在过去的25年里。故填the。
173.考查副词。句意：对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整，用副词修饰句子。故填actually。
174.考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语动词是encourages，故improve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填to improve。
175.考查连词。句意：玉米比大米使用的水更少。根据关键词less可知，填比较连词。故填than。
176.考查词性转换。句意：这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更加安全。has decreased后跟名词作宾语，故填pollution。
177.考查词性转换。句意：中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名词短语，故应该用形容词修饰。故填global。
178.考查谓语动词。句意：在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when引导的定语从句，由于时间是2005年，故用过去时。故填started。
179.考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。
180.考查省略句。句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作，while后面省略掉了China is，省略句的原则：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、，让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be动词时，那么可以把主语和be动词一块省略。故填feeding。
19.(2018年，全国卷I）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 181.(long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long182.(see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 183. (die) early by running. While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it 184. (be) more effective at lengthening life185. walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014186.showed a mere five to 10 minutes A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 187.(cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise… it's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to188.(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always189.(energy).If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give190.a try.
【答案】
181.longer
182.to see
183.dying
184.is
185.than
186.that \which
187.causes
188.strengthen
189.energetic
190.it \running
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处，它可以帮助人们减少疾病发生，延年益寿。
181.考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级，故填longer。
182.考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑的太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to see。
183.考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。
184.考查动词的时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。
185.考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的more effective可知，此处填than。
186.考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。
187.考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。空格处做from的宾语，前面有all可知，要用名词复数形式。故填causes。
188.考查词形变化。锻炼以增强你腿上的肌肉。此处to是不定式符号，其后用动词原形。故填strengthen。
189.考查词形变化。跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据it’s可知，系动词后用形容词作表语。故填energetic。
190.考查代词或名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。此处give it a try意为：试试。此处it可以指running。故填it或running。
20.
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Mr.Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children.He owned 191. farm，which looked almost abandoned. 192. (lucky)，he also had a cow which produced milk every day.He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby 193. other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what 194. (leave).The cow was their only means of support，in fact.One day，the cow was eating grass 195. it began to rain heavily.While making great efforts to run away，she 196. (fall) over the hill and died.Then the Johnsons had to make a living 197. the cow.In order to support his family，Mr.Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables.Since the plants took a while to grow，he started cutting down trees 198. (sell) the wood.Thinking about his children's clothes，he started growing cotton too.When harvest came around，he was already selling herbs，vegetables and cotton in the market199. people from the towns met regularly.Now it occurred to 200. that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.
【答案】
191.a
192.Luckily
193.for
194.was left
195.when
196.fell
197.without
198.to sell
199.where
200.him
【解析】本文属于记叙文，讲述了Johnson赖以为生的奶牛摔死以后，他努力开发被人抛弃的农场的潜力得以生活下去的事情。
191.考查冠词。本句中使用不定冠词a，表示泛指。句意：他有一个农村，这个农场看上去好像是被抛弃的。故填a。
192.考查副词。根据后一句：他有一头奶牛，每天都产奶。这对他来说是一件很幸运的事情。所以本句中使用副词luckily作状语修饰整个句子。故填Luckily。
193.考查固定搭配。短语exchange.... for....用...交换....；他到城里卖掉牛奶或把一些牛奶换成其他食物，用剩下的牛奶做奶酪或黄油。故填for。
194.考查时态语态。根据本文第一句可知本文叙述的是过去发生的事情，所以要使用一般过去时。同时根据句意可知他把剩下的牛奶做成奶酪和黄油。所以使用被动语态was left。
195.考查固定句式。句式be doing sth when...作者做某事在这时发生了意料之外的事情。其中的when是一个并列连词。句意：有一天奶牛正在吃草在这时开始下起了大雨。故填when。
196.考查时态。本文叙述的是过去发生的事情，所以使用一般过去时。奶牛在跑的时候，摔下了山，死掉了。故填fell。
197.考查上下文串联。根据上句可知奶牛摔死了，所以他努力地在没有奶牛的情况下活下去。故填without。
198.考查不定式用法。在高中英语中，常常使用不定式充当目的状语。本句表示他砍树来卖木材谋生。故填to sell。
199.考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是the market，关系代词where引导定语从句，并在句中充当地点状语。故填where。
200.考查代词。本句是一个固定句型：sth occur to sb某人突然想起某事；本句中的it就是指文章的主人公Mr. Johnson。故填him。
21.(2017年，全国卷II）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 201. (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 202. work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road,203. (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over204. top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.
Steam engines 205. (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been206. (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 207.every day.
Later, engineers 208. (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the 209. (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most 210. (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
【答案】
201.crowds
202.from
203.laying
204.the
205.were used
206.fairly
207.it
208.managed
209.introduction
210.successful
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了地铁的最初发展史。
201.考查名词。crowd前没有冠词，且它是可数名词，故填crowds。
202. 考查固定短语。to and from来回，故填from。
203.考查非谓语动词。这里是由and连接的三个动词-ing形式作宾语，故填laying。
204.考查冠词。top是名词，前要用冠词，特指“在（道路的）顶上”。故填the。
205.考查时态语态。根据句意：蒸汽发动机“被用于”拉货物，主语Steam engines与谓语动词use是被动关系，主语是复数，根据语境用一般过去时，故填were used.
206.考查副词。这里fair是形容词，pleasant也是形容词，所以需要将fair变为副词来修饰形容词，故填fairly。
207.考查代词。这里用it指代前句的railway，故填it。
208.考查动词时态。本文全篇都是一般过去时，所以这里也应用一般过去时，故填managed。
209.考查名词。空格前是the,后面应该是名词，故填名词introduction。
210.考查形容词。空格前是most，其后要跟形容词构成最高级，故填successful。
22.
阅读下面的短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 211.(attract).
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I 212.(allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be 213.(official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 214. my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 215. I was the first Western TV reporter 216.(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 217.(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 218.(it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few 219.(day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, 220. other is with mum—she never suspects.
【答案】
211.attraction
212.was allowed
213.officially
214.to
215.when
216.permitted
217.introducing
218.its
219.days
220.the
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。成都涌现出很多百万富翁、亚洲最大的建筑以及豪华酒店，但这对于作者这样的游客来说，熊猫才是那里的魅力所在。作者与熊猫结下了不解之缘，被邀请担任成都熊猫基地在英国宣传大熊猫的大使，以前做记者时，还拍摄过关爱熊猫的片子。
211.考查名词。形容词top后面跟名词形式，attract的名词形式是attraction，意思是“吸引人之物”。故填attraction。
212.考查时态语态。I与allow是被动关系，故用被动语态；又因上一句主句用过去时，可确定此句也用过去时。故填was allowed。
213.考查副词。修饰动词用副词形式，空格处修饰过去分词given，故用副词修饰。official的副词形式是officially(官方地)。故填officially。
214.考查介词。go back to意为“回到”，“追溯到”，是固定搭配。故填to。
215.考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处所在的句子是定语从句，定语从句修饰前面的the mid­1980s，且从句缺少时间状语，故用when引导该定语从句。故填when。
216.考查非谓语动词之过去分词。reporter与permit是被动关系，故用过去分词表被动。过去分词短语permitted to...作后置定语，修饰reporter。故填permitted。
217.考查动名词。介词后面用动名词，此处用动名词作include的宾语。故填introducing。
218.考查代词。指代前面的twin，mother是名词，故此处填it的形容词性物主代词its，故填its。
219.考查名词复数。“every few＋复数名词”意思是“每隔……”，every few days每隔几天。few修饰复数名词。故填days。
220.考查冠词。one …the other意为“一个……另一个”。故填the。
23.(2017年，全国卷III）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。
She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term221.(rest). Instead, she is earning £6500 a day as 222.model in New York.
Sarah223. (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah, 224.has taken part in shows along with top models, wants225.(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her226. (educate).
She has turned down several 227.(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree228.engineering or architecture.
Sarah says, ＂My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 229. (come) first. I don’t want to put too much in modeling. It is230. (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don’t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can’t model any more.”
【答案】
221.resting
222.a
223.has been told/was told
224.who
225.to prove
226.education
227.invitations
228.in
229.comes
230.certainly
【解析】这是一篇人物传记。短文介绍了纽约市16岁的高中女孩萨拉，她不仅学习成绩好，长得漂亮，而且是一名收入不菲的时装模特。她爸爸希望她退学专门从事模特行业，但是她以学业为重，坚持学业和工作两不误。
221.考查非谓语动词。spend…(in) doing sth是固定句式，意为“花……做某事”。故填resting。
222.考查冠词。根据句意和语境可知，萨拉只是纽约众多模特中的一个，是泛指；而且model的第一个音素是辅音音素，故用不定冠词a。故填a。
223.考查动词的时态和语态。 tell后接双宾语， 因此可判断此句用被动语态；再根据后面句子的时态可判断用现在完成时或一般过去时。故答案为has been told/was told。
224.考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空后面是一个定语从句，缺少连接词，代指先行词Sarah, 在从句中作主语。故填who。
225.考查动词不定式。want to do sth为固定搭配，故用动词不定式。故填to prove。
226.考查名词。前面是形容词性物主代词her，故用名词形式。故填education。
227.考查名词复数。根据句意“她拒绝了几个邀请”可知，此处需要填名词，而且invitation是可数名词，前面有several修饰，故用复数形式invitations。
228.考查介词。get a degree in是固定搭配，意为“在……方面获得学位”。故填in。
229.考查动词的时态。根据at the moment可知这个句子应用一般现在时，而且主语是单数，故用comes。
230.考查副词。certainly在此处修饰形容词fun。故填certainly。
24.(2017年，全国卷I）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) 231. a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 232.(effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 233.(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 234.(remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 235. result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 236.(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 237.(be) full of fat and salt; by 238.(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 239.(care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 240. is not good for the health.
【答案】
231.as
232.effects
233.to process
234.are removed
235.a
236.worse
237.is
238.eating
239.careful
240.which
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了最近，食品服务行业出现了降低脂肪含量和减少盐的趋势，这产生了一些意想不到的副作用。文章告诉我们要保持健康，就不要走极端，要吃适量的盐和含脂肪的食物。
231.考查介词。句意：这一趋势最初始于医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的方法。as表示“作为，以…… 身份”，故填as。
232.考查名词的单复数。分析语境可知，作者表达的意思是“一些不为人知的副作用”，根据前文的some可知，所以要用effect的复数形式。故填effects。
233.考查不定式。句意：他们被要求加工食物。require表示“要求”，require sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”，被动形式为“sb. be required to do sth.”(某人被要求做某事)。故填to process。
234.考查被动语态。句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉。分析可知fat，salt和move之间是被动关系，脂肪和盐分是两种东西，且是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。故填are removed。
235.考查固定短语。句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。固定短语as a result表示“结果”。故填a。
236.考查比较级。句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。even修饰比较级。故填worse。
237.考查主谓一致。句意：快餐食物中满是脂肪和盐。fast food的意思是“快餐”，表示一类食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。
238.考查动名词。句意：通过吃更多的快餐，人们将在饮食中摄入超过需求量的脂肪和盐。by为介词，后接名词、动名词作宾语，故填eating。
239.考查形容词。句意：然而，注意不要走极端。分析语境可知，be后面应该用形容词作表语，故填careful。
240.考查非限制性定语从句。句意：很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处。分析可知，___is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整句话，在定语从句中作主语。所以用关系代词which。故填which。
25.
The adobe dwellings(土坯房) 241.(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 242.most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 243.(able) to “air condition” a house without 244.(use)electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 245.(slow)during cool nights，thus warning the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough   246.(cool) the house during the hot day:   247.the same time, they warm up again for the night This cycle    248.(go) day after day: The walls warm up During the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures. As 249.(nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 250.thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
【答案】
241.built
242.the
243.ability
244.using
245.slowly
246.to cool
247.at
248.goes
249.natural
250.how
【解析】本文是说明文。土坯房比现在的房子好在冬暖夏凉。现代的建筑师都很羡慕这样的房子不用空调就能很好地调节室内的温度，不过关键是这房子的墙的厚度。
241.考查非谓语动词。 动词build和定语The adobe dwellings是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用其过去分词built做定语。故填built。
242.考查冠词。形容词最高级most modern前加the。故填the。
243.考查名词。代词their后接名词，所以用able的名词形式ability.故填ability。
244.考查动名词。 介词without后接动名词use去掉字母e再加-ing。故填using。
245.考查副词。用slow的副词形式slowly修饰动词give out。故填slowly。
246.考查不定式。to cool 形容词加enough后接不定式。故填to cool 。
247.考查介词。 at the same time是固定词组。表示与此同时。故填at。
248. 考查一般现在时。根据上下文，此处用一般现在时态。这种循环日复一日。故填goes。
249.考查形容词。形容词做定语修饰名词architects。故填natural 。
250.考查关系词。根据句意，应用how修饰形容词thick，连接宾语从句。故填how 。
26.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Magic Touch
From my hotel room window，I could see a large advertisement board with his face on it: Jason, the Great Magician.
I absent-mindedly turned the251.(page) of the phone book and came across a city map. Drinking my iced coffee I ran my fingers along the streets252.the hotel to the opera hall. Not more253.a half-hour walk, I thought.
I looked254.(quick) at the clock, "The show starts in one hour; plenty of time! I drank the rest of my coffee and went to take a shower. Soon after, I was on my way to the show,255.(carry) a fancy black handbag and a happy smile.
The hall was dark when I came in; the show was about256.(begin). I made my way backstage just257.the great magician was putting on his top hat.
“Daddy, I'm so glad to see you,” I258.(whisper), I'm in town for the writer’s class, but I just couldn’t miss your show.” I gave him a quick hug and went back into the seating area，leaving him with a259.(surprise) smile. I settled down in the darkness, and the curtains opened.
Magically, that show remains the Great Jason's best260.(perform) to this day.
【答案】
251.pages
252.from
253.than
254.quickly
255.carrying
256.to begin
257.as/when
258.whispered
259.surprised
260.performance
【解析】本文讲述了作者观看魔术师表演的故事。
251.pages 句意：我心不在焉地翻阅电话簿。此处用名词复数，故填pages。
252.from 表示“从宾馆到歌剧厅”。from...to...从……到……，故填from。
253.than 表示“最多半小时的路程”。not more than至多。故填than。
254.quickly 副词修饰动词，故填quickly。
255.carrying 现在分词表伴随状态，故填carrying。
256.to begin 句意：表演正要开始。be about to do sth.正要做某事，故填to begin。
257.as/when 句意：当伟大的魔术师正戴上他的帽子时，我以我的方式到了后台。时间状语从句，故填as/when。
258.whispered 过去发生在过去，故用一般过去时态，故填whispered。
259.surprised 句意：带着惊讶的微笑离开了他。过去分词作前置定语，故填surprised。
260.performance 表示“最好的表演”，此处用名词形式，故填performance。
27.(2016年，上海卷）
Bags of Love
Last year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.
After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly — we were always suddenly out of something.261.(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and262.happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in263.she distributed it to children.
I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —why would she not want to tell me about what she264.(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop265.(buy) the groceries if I found out?
When she got home, I told her about my discovery.266.she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret267.me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by268.selfless she was.
【答案】
261.Wondering
262.what
263.which
264.had done
265.buying
266.Before
267.from
268.how
【解析】本文是篇记叙文，作者在无意中发现妈妈在偷偷地帮助困境中的儿童，赞美了妈妈善良无私的美丽品质。
261.Wondering 考查现在分词做状语。动词wonder与本句主语I构成主动关系，所以使用现在分词wondering在句中作状语。
262.what 考查主语从句。此处what引导主语从句，what happened在句中作主语。句意：发生的事情真的让我很惊讶。
263.which 考查定语从句。此定语从句的先行词是the refugee camp，指物，关系代词在定语从句中作介词in的宾语，故用which，in which相当于关系副词where。
264.had done 考查时态。根据上下文可知，＂我＂被派到妈妈家附近工作，这是过去发生的事情，而妈妈帮助难民是我来这里工作之前就发生的事情，所以使用过去完成时表示过去的过去发生的事情。
265.buying 考查动词短语。stop to do sth.停下来去做另外一件事情；stop doing sth.停止做某事。句意：妈妈是担忧如果我发现了这件事情我的反应是什么或者担忧我不再给她买食品杂货吗？根据句意可知使用stop doing sth.。
266.Before 考查连词。before引导时间状语从句，此处意为＂还没来得及……就……＂。句意：她还没有来得及反应过来，我就给了她一个大大的拥抱并告诉她这件事情不必对我保密。
267.from 考查动词短语。keep a secret to sb.对某人保密。句意：她还没有来得及反应过来，我就紧紧地抱着她并告诉她这件事情不必对我保密。
268.how 考查宾语从句。本句中表语从句how selfless she was作介词by的宾语，因为selfless是形容词，所以使用how来引导这个从句，用法和感叹句类似。
28.(2015年，全国卷I）
It was raining lightly when I 269.(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care. A few hours 270., I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with 271.(it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.
I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 272. are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 273.(painting). Instead, I ‘d head straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away 274. car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.
Yangshuo 275.(be) really beautiful. A study of travelers 276.(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 277.(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 278.(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
【答案】
269.arrived
270.before/earlier
271.its
272.that/which
273.paintings
274.by
275.is
276.conducted
277.regularly
278.living
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文.文章主要讲述了作者到中国阳朔游玩的经历和感受。
269.考查时态。根据前后文时态可知，本文主要时态为一般过去时，空格处为对过去所发生事情的一般陈述，而且arrive为非延续性动词，故应用一般过去时。故填arrived。
270.考查副词。句意：几个小时前，我还在香港的家里。空后时态为过去完成时，表示过去的过去，由此可推断本句陈述在过去某时间以前发生的事情，所以空格处填入 before/earlier 表示“在……之前”。故填before/earlier。
271.考查形容词性物主代词。根据所给提示词 it 和空后名词短语，修饰名词短语 choking smog需用 it 的形容词性物主代词形式its。故填its。
272.考查定语从句。本句包含定语从句，先行词为Li River，在从句中作主语。故填that/which。
273.考查名词的复数形式。根据前面的by artists in so many Chinese可推知，是在中国画作里，由前面的短语so many可知，要用名词复数paintings。故填paintings。
274.考查介词。by car乘汽车，为固定短语。故填by。
275.考查一般现在时。此句缺少谓语动词，根据句意和后句的时态，可知此处用一般现在时。Yangshuo为主语，所以系动词为is。故填is。
276.考查过去分词作定语。根据后面的by可知，A study of travelers与conduct在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填conducted。
277.考查副词。arrange为动词，应由副词regularly来修饰。故填regularly。
278.考查现在分词作定语。live与people之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词短语作后置定语。故填living。
29.(2015年，上海卷）
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.access B.alternatives C.designed D.confirmed E. conflicting F. elements
G. function H. innovative I. prospective J. separate K. supporting
Considering how much time people spend in effects, it is important that with A be well designed. Well-designed office spaces help create a corporation’s image. They motivate workers and they make an impression on people who visit and might be potential, or 279., customers. They make business work better, and they are a part of the corporate culture to live in.
As we move away from an industrial-based economy to a knowledge-based one, office designers come up with 280.to the traditional work environments of the past. The design industry has moved away from a fixed office setup and created more flexible “strategic management environments.” These 281.solutions are meant to support better organizational performance.
As employee hierarchies （等级制度）have flattened or decreased, office designers’ response to this change has been to move open-plan areas to more desirable locations within the office and create fewer formal private offices. The need for increased flexibility has also been 282.by changes in workstation design. Office and work spaces often are not 283.to a given person on a permanent basis. Because of changes to methods of working, new design allow for expansion or movement of desks, storage, and equipment within the workplace. Another important design goal is communication, which designers have improved by breaking the walls that 284.workstations. Designers have also created informal gathering places and upgraded employees’ 285.to heavily trafficked areas such as copy and coffee rooms.
Corporate and institutional office designers often struggle to resolve a number of competing and often 286.demands, including budgetary limits, employees hierarchies and technological innovation (especially in relation to computerization). These demands must also be balanced with the need to create interiors (内饰) that in some way enhance, establish or possess a company’s image and will enable employees to 287.and their best.
All these 288.of office design are related. The most successful office designs are like good marriage—the well-designed office and the employees that occupy it are seemingly made for each other.
【答案】
279.I. prospective
280.B. alternatives
281.H. innovative
282.D.confirmed
283.C. assigned
284.J.separate
285.A. access
286.E. conflicting
287.G. function
288.F. elements
【解析】
279.根据划线部分前面的单词potential （形容词，潜在的）和or（表并列，意为或者），可以知道答案是一个形容词且意思和潜在的是相近的。结合备选答案及单词意思，只有prospective （adj. 未来的; 预期的; 可能的; 有希望的;）符合。
280.本句的句意是随着我们从以工业为基础的经济转移到知识为基础的经济，办公室设计者已经想出了一些替代传统工作环境的事物。根据划线部分前后的介词可以知道该空应该填一个名词。在备选答案中是名词的选项有三个，分别是alternatives （adj. 替代的; 另类的; 备选的; 其他的; n.可供选择的事物）； elements（成分; 原理，基础; 要素）；function（n. 功能，作用; 应变量，函数; 职务; 重大聚会;）。结合句意，不难得出答案。
281.根据划线部分后面的名词solutions（解决办法）可以知道该空应该是填一个形容词，又根据划线部分前面的代词These可以知道，后面所说的内容其实是指代前一句话的内容“设计工厂已经把一个固定的办公室转变为一个创造性地灵活环境”。备选答案中能够和创造性同义的词就只有这个选项innovative革新的
282.根据划线部分前面的has also been以及划线部分后面的by changes，这是典型的被动语态的结构形式have/has been done by sth.所以可以知道答案选项应该是过去分词形式。备选的答案有assigned（分派）；confirmed（确认），根据句意可以知道答案是confirmed.
283.根据划线部分前面的are及主语offices and work spaces （物作主语），也可以判断该题应该是过去分词形式，表被动。结合上一题（44题）剩下的备选答案，通过语意判断，该句表达的是办公室及工作空间不是分派给一个人永久使用。所以答案为assigned.
284.该句意为另一个重要的设计目标就是交流，这意味着设计者已经通过降低分割工作空间的墙来改善。根据划线部分前面的that以及前面的wall，可以判断这是一个定语从句，修饰墙。再根据句意中的交流，不能得出答案是分割的separate。
285.根据划线部分前面的employees'这个名词所有格及划线部分后的介词，可以知道这个空格要填名词形式。如果从搭配的角度来看，基本可以确定答案为access, access to 的意思是进入。如果按照意思来排除，也可以知道答案是access。本句意为“设计者也创造了一个非正式的聚会地方，同时也更新了员工进入如复印室和咖啡屋之类的地方。”
286.根据划线部分前面的结构 competing （竞争的） and ,可以知道，空格应该填写一个和competing 结构上相同（动名词形式），意思是相近的。在备选答案中，动名词的形式有两个conflicting （相矛盾的，冲突的）和supporting （支持的）。综合分析，conflicting才是和competing才是答案。
287.本句意为“这种要求要注意均衡内饰的需要和使得员工起到最好的作用，内饰在一定程度上，可以加强，建立或促进公司的形象。”根据划线部分前面的to，结合搭配enable sb to do sth可以知道空格填动词形式，而且是原形。到现在的备选答案只有function，所以答案就是它了。另外，要注意function可以做不及物动词动词及名词。
288.根据划线部分的前面是these，后面是of可以知道空格要填的是一个名词形式。再根据these 的指代作用，知道这个名词应该是一个还有概括意义的词。综合上面的题目，剩下的备选答案是elements（要素）和supporting（支持），其中supporting 词性不对，这也表明supporting是多余的那种选项。所以答案是elements. 本句意为“所有的这些办公室要素都有关联”
30.(2015年，上海卷）
Ask helpful Hannah
Dear helpful Hannah,
I’ve got a problem with my husband, Sam. He bought a smart phone a couple of months ago and he took it on our recent ski vacation to Colorado, it was a great trip except for one problem. He has a constant urge289.for next messages; he checks his phone every five minutes! He’s so addicted to it that he just can’t stand the idea290.there may be an important text. He can’t help checking even at inappropriate times like when we are eating in a restaurant and I am talking to him! He behaves291.any small amount of boredom can make him feel the need to check his phone even when he know he shouldn’t. The temptation to see292.is connecting him is just too great. When I ask him to put down the phone and stop293.(ignore) me, he say, “In a minute.” but still checks to see if294.has posted something new on the Internet. Our life295.(interrupted). If we go somewhere and I ask him to have the phone at home, he suffers from withdrawal symptom. May this dependency on his smart phone has become more than an everyday problem.
I recently read an article about “nomophobia,”296.is a real illness people can’t suffer from the fear of being without your phone! I am worried that Sam maybe suffering from this illness because he feels anxious if he doesn’t have his phone with him, even for a short time.
Who would have thought that little devices like these could have brought so much trouble!
Sick and Tired Sadie
【答案】
289.to check
290.that
291.as if/as though
292.who
293.ignoring
294.someone/somebody
295.has been interrupted/is being interrupted/is interrupted
296.which
【解析】
289.分析句子成分，句子已经有了一个谓语have, 所以空格填写的是非谓语形式。结合句意和结构不难得出答案。该题考查了一个结构是have sth to do sth表目的。也就是不定式作后置定语修饰urge。此句意为：他有一个持续的强烈欲望想要查看手机信息。
290.分析句子成分，该句还有三个谓语形式，is,can't stand 和may be,含有一个连词that，综合分析之后可以知道划线部分是应该填一个连词。he just can’t stand the idea 他不能忍受一种想法，that句子到最后都是idea的同位语（也就是想法的具体内容）。类似抽象名词：thought/fact/news/truth等，考生们应引起注意。
291.本句意为他表现的好像一点点小打扰就要迫使他再检查一遍手机。分析句子成分，知道behave是不及物动词，后面的句子是状语从句。然后根据划线部分是两条横线，也就是要填入两个单词，然后根据语意“好像”，不难得出答案是as if/as though.
292.根据划线部分的前面是see和后面的is,可以知道该空要填写的是一个宾语从句的连词，既作宾语从句的连词，也在宾语从句中充当主语的成分。根据语意“看谁在和他联系”，可以知道答案是who.整句的意思是“查看是谁和他联系的诱惑是如此的强列”
293.根据划线部分前面的stop可以知道答案有两种选择，一是Stop doing sth 停止做某事,doing是stop 的宾语,是要停止的动作,二是stop to do sth 是“停下来开始做另一件事”,to do是stop的状语,表示目的，是要开始做的事情。根据句意“当我要求他放下手机和停止不理睬我，他说，就一分钟。”可以知道答案是doing的形式。由于ignore是以e结尾，所以答案是ignoring.
294.分析句子成分，38空所在if从句作see的宾语，故从句缺少主语，考虑所填的是代词。根据句意“查看是否有人已经发布一些新的消息在网络上”可知填入所需代词someone或somebody.
295.本句意为“我们的生活被影响了。”分析句子成分，our life 是主语，划线部分充当的是谓语。所以该句考查的是谓语的时态，时态的特征一般是有时间的提示词。如果在没有提示词的情况下，那么根据句意只要讲得通的情况下都可以填。根据句意可以是现在完成时，也可以是现在进行时，也可以是一般现在时。另外由于是物（our life）作主语，所以都应该是使用被动语态
296.分析句子结构，这是一个非限制性定语从句的句子。先行词nomophobia无手机恐惧症，划线部分在从句中作主语，表示那些无法忍受手机不在身边的人群很可能得这种恐惧症。所以答案是which.
31.(2015年，上海卷）
Gift from a stranger
My local supermarket is always busy. The first parking space I found was convenient, but I'd noticed a woman in a blue car circling for a while.297.I was in a good mood, I let her have it. On the edge of the car park I backed into the next available spot—it was a tight fit.
Pretty soon I'd made my way through the supermarket and was back in the fresh air. Feeling good, I298.(empty) my purse change into the hands of a homeless man and helped a struggling woman reverse park（倒车）.
Just as I approached my car, 1 saw the woman I'd let have my car space earlier. She was giving me299.odd look—half puzzled, half intent (热切的). I smiled and wished her a pleasant day. As I squeezed back into my car, I spotted the same lady300.(look) in at me. "Hello," she said, hesitantly. "This301.sound crazy but I was on my way to drop some of my mother's things off at the charity bins.” You are just so much302.her.” You helped those people, I noticed, and you seemed so happy.” She looked at me meaningfully and passed a box in through the window. “I think she would like you to have it.”303.(shock), I took it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away.
After a pause, I opened the box. Inside was a beautiful gold necklace with a large grey pearl. It was304.(nice) gift I'd ever received, and it was from a complete stranger. The necklace was around my neck, a warm reminder of human kindness.
【答案】
297.As/Because/Since
298.emptied
299.an
300.looking
301.might/may
302.like
303.Shocked
304.the nicest
【解析】
297.根据句子成分分析，句子有两个谓语（was 和let ),其中let sb do sth 是固定用法，所以得出所填空格为连词。根据划线部分后的句意“我心情很好，我让她用这个”分析，前后句子构成一种因果的关系，所以答案为Because。又因为As和since作为连词时也可以表示因为，所以答案也可以是As 和Since。此外，也要注意大写首字母。
298.根据句子结构分析，空格前面的I是主语，划线部分填写的是谓语的形式。根据句意“心情很好，我清空了钱包的零钱给一个无家可归的男士以及帮助了一个女士倒车”以及中间的连词and后面的谓语helped，可以知道该空填的是一般过去式，又由于empty单词最后一个字母y，要进行变化，所以答案是emptied.
299.本句的句意是她给了我一个奇怪的表情，一半困惑，一半热切。根据句子的结构形式分析：破折号后面是一个解释说明的作用。结合划线部分后面是一个形容词加名词的情况，可以知道该空，应该是填写冠词。又由于形容词odd是以元音开头，所以答案是an.
300.该句前面As I squeezed back into my car是一个状语从句，根据句子成分分析，主句已经有了谓语形式saw,所以判断空格应该是一个非谓语的形式。由于see有一个用法是see sb doing,用于看到正在进行的事情。结合句意“当我倒车的时候，我看到同样这个女性在看着我”，综合可以得出答案。
301.本题难度较大；细心观察分析可以看到本句（This (29) _____sound crazy）中sound为原形，后面所使用的谓语形式是过去式was，那么可以判断该空应该是填写情态动词。在这里面是表示一种可能的猜测而且可能性不大，所以答案是might/may
302.分析该空的句子结构，You为主语 are为系动词，just so much为状语，me为宾语，可以得知，划线部分应该是填一个介词，构成主+be+介词+宾语的结构。根据句意，你和她非常的像。可以知道该空的答案是like.
303.划线部分后接逗号，单独一个词作状语。该词在句中能作状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子，根据句意“非常震惊，我自动从她手中接过。”由于是用于指我震惊，所以用词是ed结尾，另外，shocked分词的形式是作为形容词，它常用作状语。
304.根据划线部分后的表达“gift I'd ever received”,意为我曾经收到的礼物。其中隐含的一个意思就是收到礼物中最好的一个，隐含一个最高级。整一个句子的意思是，这是我收到的最好的一个礼物。另外最高级的形容词前面还需要一个the，所以答案是the nicest.
32.(2015年，湖南卷）
Research has become both simpler and more complex. It's simpler because,305.you have computer, you can find information you need by searching the Internet. For all you information, you don't have to go to306.library to find the relevant resource and take notes on it. Instead, you can find some sources from the Internet307.print the copies needed. Remember, however, that you should usually consult different types of sources. That is, you308.always rely just on the Internet for you research.
While finding information is easier than ever, at the same time, researching has become309.complex. There is a lot more material available, which means you may be overwhelmed310.the amount of information. You need to learn311.to sort through and find the relevant information for your particular project. Also,312.need to check the accuracy of it.
【答案】
305.if
306.the
307.and
308.shouldn’t
309.more
310.with
311.how
312.you
【解析】本文讲述了如何对要做研究的数据、信息经行收集和筛选。
305.if；作者开头所说的研究变得简单且复杂，然后根据后文的you can find information you need by searching the Internet.可知作者想分别说简单之处和复杂之处分别在哪，作者首先说了简单之处在哪。句意：如果你有电脑，你就你能够通过上网找到你需要的信息。故填if
306.the；固定词组：Go to the library去图书馆。句意：你所要的信息，都不需要去图书馆找相关资料，做笔记。故填the
307.and；find resource和print the copies是并列关系，用and连接。句意：相反，你可以从网上找到你想要的资料然后将它们打印下来。故填and
308.shouldn’t；根据前文作者告诉我们：你应该从不同的方面找不同类型的资料。句意：那就是说，你不应该常常依赖于互联网。故填shouldn’t
309.more；根据文章的第一段开头：Research has become both simpler and more complex.可知第一段说完研究变得更简单后，此段开始陈述研究的复杂之处，故填more
310.with；固定词组：be overwhelmed with忙着做…；句意：有很多的材料都很适合你的研究，这就意味着你将忙于筛选各种信息。故填with
311.how；句意：你需要知道怎样从中筛选出对你研究有用的相关信息。根据句意，故填how
312.you；根据分析，此句缺少主语，故填you，而不是其他代词，因为上一句的主语是you，且有also作为连接。句意：当然，你也需要去求证它们的准确性。故填you
33.(2014年，全国卷I）
Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?
In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River Cleveland, Ohio. It313.(be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it314.(actual) caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of315.most outstanding（杰出的）examples of environmental cleanup.
But the river wasn’t changed in a few days316.even a few months. It took years of work 317.(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is318.(clean) than ever.
Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you leave a habit319.is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or don’t know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation, don’t you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?
While there are320.(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the321.(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be 322.(patience).
【答案】
313.was
314.actually
315.the
316.or
317.to reduce
318.cleaner
319.that/which
320.amazing
321.changes
322.patient
【解析】 本文通过借用凯霍加河在以前污染非常严重，经过多年的努力，艰苦的工作终于有了回报，河水变干净了的事实告诉我们：当你面对看起来不可能解决的事情时，要敢于想办法慢慢解决，不能急躁，因为很多变化都是逐渐发生的，需要很多努力，我们需要耐心一点。
313.考查动词过去时态和主谓一致。根据本段第一句In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio.可知本段叙述的是过去发生的事情。the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio在过去被污染地如此地严重，所以说过去没有人能够想象到这条河被清理干净。又主语“It”为三单，故填was。
314.考查副词用法。本句中使用副词actually做状语修饰谓语动词caught fire，actual是形容词，不能在句中做状语，通常只做定语或者表语修饰名词。故填actually。
315.考查冠词。横线后是形容词最高级most outstanding，形容词最高级前要加the,故填the。
316.考查连词。从上一段最后一句可知几年后，这条河是环境净化最杰出的例子之一。从语境可知这条河流的改变不是几天或者几个月的事情。因此前后是转折关系，故用but。
317. 考查固定句式。固定句式：It takes sb. st to do sth.某人做某事花了多少时间；句中的不定式to reduce the industrial pollution and clean the water是句子真正的主语。前面的it是形式主语。故填to reduce。
318. 考查比较级。本句： the water in the river is ___6___ (clean) than ever，横线后面有than，说明横线上应该使用比较级的形式。故填cleaner。
319. 考查定语从句。本句是一个定语从句，先行词是a habit，定语从句中使用关系代词that/which指代先行词，在句做主语，不能省略。故填which / that。
320.考查形容词修饰物的。凡是－ed结尾的都是形容人的，表示“人感到……”，－ing结尾都是形容物的，表示“令人感到……”。本句___8___ (amazed) stories中此处修饰“stories 故事”，所以要用amazing。故填amazing。
321. 考查名词复数。横线后面是系动词are，说明横线处主语应该是一个复数形式的名词，所以用changes。故填changes。change既可以作名词也可以作动词，在此为名词。
322.横线前面有系动词be，说明此处应用形容词，本句是一个祈使句be patient耐心一点。patient形容词，意为“耐心的”； patience名词，意为“耐心”。故填patient。
34.(2014年，上海卷）
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.alert B.classify C.commit D.delicately E. gentle F. impose
G. labels H. moderation I. relieve J. signals K. simply
Let's say you've decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you don't have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food323.at the supermarket. Since you really324.yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it? This is where a "choice architect" can help325.some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. For example, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket-including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled up—is a choice architect.
Governments don't have to326.healthier lifestyles through laws for example, smoking bans. Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect-one that encourages us to choose what is best-we will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with327.hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.
The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to328.foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains329.by looking at the lights on the package. A green light330.that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be331.; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in332.. The customer is given important health information, but is still free to decide what to choose.
【答案】
323.G
324.C
325.I
326.F
327.E
328.B
329.K
330.J
331.A
332.H
【解析】试题分析：文章介绍人们都希望有健康的生活方式和饮食，但是没有时间计划，这里介绍了两种方法，一种是“choice architect”，还有一种是“交通灯系统”。
323.你没有时间仔细计划菜单和阅读超市的食品标签。这里需要名词“标签”labels，所以选G。
324.既然你真正的想致力于健康的生活方式，一点点小的帮助都是很方便的。考查词组“commit oneself to sth.致力于，所以选C
325.这里有一个“choice architect”可以帮助你缓解自己做这件事的负担。这里需要动词“减轻”relieve。所以选I
326.政府不会通过法律强加健康的生活方式，这里需要动词“强加”，impose，所以选F
327.根据上文的gently可知这个想法是将自由的选择和choice architect 的温柔的gentle暗示结合起来，选E
328.英国和瑞典政府已经介绍了所谓的“交通灯系统”来将食物分类为健康或不健康。这里使用动词“分类”classify，所以选B
329.消费者通过简单的看看包装上的灯就可以看见产品包含的脂肪糖和盐，这里需要副词simply简单地，所以选K
330.绿色的灯表示这三种营养的含量是健康的。这里需要动词“发信号，表示”signal，所以选J
331.黄灯表示消费者应该警觉了。这里使用形容词“警觉的“alert”，所以选A
332.红灯表示这些食物至少有一种营养是含量很高的，所以应该被适当的食用。考查名词“适度”moderation，所以选H
35.(2014年，福建卷）
阅读下面短文，根据以下提示：1）汉语提示，2）首字母提示，3）语境提示，在每个空格内填人一个适当的英语单词，所填单词要求意义准确，拼写正确，并将该词完整地写在答题卡中相应的横线上。
Many of us were raised with the saying "Waste not, want not.” None of us,333., can completely avoid waste in our lives.
Any kind of waste is thoughtless. Whether we waste our potential talents, our own time, our limited natural334.（资源）,our money, or other people's time, each of us can become more aware and careful. The smallest good habits can make a big335.. It's a good feeling to know in our hearts we are doing our336.in a world that is in serious trouble. By focusing on337.（节省）oil, water, paper, food, and clothing, we are playing a part338.cutting down on waste.
We must keep reminding339.（自己）that it is easier to get into something340.it is to get out of it. Actually, severe damage341.d ____to our land is fairly recent in the history of our evolution. It's time for us to342.no to waste so that our grandchildren’s children will be able to develop well. We can't solve all the problems of waste, but we can encourage mindfulness.
Waste not！
【答案】
333.however
334.resources
335.difference
336.best
337.saving
338.in
339.ourselves
340.than
341.done
342.Say
【解析】
333.however。句意：然而，在我们的生活中，没有人能完全避免浪费。位于句中，前后都有逗号，用副词，所以填however。
334.resources。作waste的宾语，故用名词形式，且用名词复数。
335.difference。句意：最小的好习惯也会产生不同。make a difference是固定用法，意思是产生不同。
336.best。try one’s best是固定用法，意思是尽某人最大的努力。
337.saving。介词on之后用动词的-ing形式。
338.in。play a part in是固定用法，意思是对…..有影响。
339.ourselves。句意：我们必须不断的提醒我们自己，所以填反身代词ourselves。
340.than。这里进行比较，所以用比较句式，故填than。
341.done。“严重危害”和“作用于”之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。
342.say。句意：是时候对“浪费”说不了。It is time for sb. to do sth.是固定用法，意思是是时候做某事了。
36.(2014年，广东卷）
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said343.was a wonderful holiday destination. Before we went, we had planned for months. When the day came, we were ready.
After our plane landed, we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six months344.（early）, but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We345.（tell）that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week,346.for the week after. I didn’t understand347.this would happen and my credit card had already been charged348.the reservation. What’s worse, the hotel had been fully booked. When we were wondering what to do, the manager came out. She was349.（surprise）helpful. She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on350.top floor. We had never stayed in such an amazing room, and we weren’t charged extra.
The next day, my brother and I went to the beach351.we watched some people play volleyball. We got a little352.（sunburn），but the day had been so relaxing that we didn’t mind.
【答案】
343.it
344.earlier
345.were told
346.but
347.why
348.for
349.surprisingly
350.the
351.where
352.sunburned/ sunburnt
【解析】
343. 考查代词。Said作为谓语动词，后面缺少一个真正的宾语，又要考虑到后面的系动词was，所以空里填写的是一个名词，根据上下文语境这次填写的应该是miami，因为上文出现过所以用it代替。故填it。
344. 考查形容词比较级。根据前文的had made，可知道动作是发生在以前，所以用earlier。
345.考查动词时态语态。根据时态语态以及主谓一致。文章的整体时态是发生在过去，所以用过去时态，根据语境可知“我们被告知”所以用被动语态。.故填were told。
346.考查并列连词。前后的for the week以及后面的for that week可知前后是对比的关系。翻译成不是…..而是….故填but。
347.考查宾语从句的连接词。前面的“我不知道….”所以这里是引导的一个原因，所以连接词是why。
348.考查介词。Charge…for….为….而索要费用。故填for。
349.考查副词。根据后面的helpful可以判断出该空应该填写一个副词来形容形容词。故填surprisingly。
350. 考查冠词。On the top of sth在….的最顶部。故填the。
351. 考查定语从句连接词。Beach是一个描述地点的单词，后面作为一个修饰beach的成分故要用where作为连接词。故填where。
352.考查动词变为非谓语动词。因为该句的主语是we，所以主语和谓语之间的关系是被动。翻译成被灼热，被晒伤。故填sunburned/ sunburnt。
37.(2012年，广东卷）
Mary will ever forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day ,363.(wear) sun glasses . He walked in as if he364.(buy) the school ,And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City .
For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt365.(please), because there were many empty seats in the room .But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her, it was probably the fact that she sat in366.last row.
367.he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong. It might have made it a little368.(hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didn’t stop the kids in the class. Of course whenever they turn to look at him, they had to look at Mary ,369.made her feel like a star .
“Do you need those glasses for medical reasons ?” the teacher asked .The new boy shook his head .”Then I’d appreciate it if you didn’t wear them in class .I like to look at your eyes when I’m speaking to you.” The new boy looked at the teacher370.a few seconds and all the other students wondered371.the boy would do .Then he took372.off , gave a big smile and said “That is cool.”
【答案】
363.wearing
364.had bought
365.pleased
366.the
367.If
368.harder
369.which
370.for
371.what
372.them
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述Mary在教室第一次见到那个男孩的情景。
363.考查非谓语动词。根据句意 “一天他戴着太阳镜突然出现在教室里”。此处应填一个非谓语动词，因已有谓语动词appeared，，动词wear前又没有并列连词，即wear不是并列谓语，，它应是非谓语动词做状语，又因he 与wear间存在主动关系，所以用现在分词表示伴随状态，故填wearing 。
364.考查虚拟语气。as if好像，引导方式状语从句，从句用虚拟语气，主句是一般过去时态，所以从句用过去完成时态来表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气， 句意是：他走进来，好像他买了这所学校。故填had bought。
365.考查同位语从句。word 在此处表示“消息”，后面应是that引导的同位语从句，句意是：他来自纽约的消息传开了。所以填that 。
366.考查形容词，在系动词felt后做表语，用来形容人，此处是“玛丽感到高兴”。所以填pleased。
367.考查比较级。 hard可以作形容词和副词。根据意思a little放在比较级前面加强语气,此处要用比较级harder，表示“更难一点”。
368.考查从属连词，引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，故用which 引导。此题错填为who，误认为先行词为Mary。
369.考查介词。句意是：因为医学理由你需要戴眼镜吗？for 在此处表示“因为---，为了---。”故填for。
370.考查介词。表示某个动词或状态延续了多久，用”for+时间段”，句意是：新来的男孩看了老师几秒钟。故填for 。
371.考查从属连词，what引导宾语从句，同时在宾语从句中做宾语，起双重作用，句意是：所有其他男孩想知道这个男孩想做什么。故填what。
372.考查代词 指代those glasses,作took off的宾语，用人称代词宾格。故填 them。
38.(2011年，湖南卷）
I remember taking __48__ English class in college on the short story. Our first assignment was to read __49__ short stones and then discuss which one was better. After reading both，I wasn’t sure. Over the __50__ several months, my professor taught me __51__ one story was so much better than the other wan humorous __52__ was rich in metaphor（隐喻）and character development, while the other was humorous __53__ too shallow. I couldn’t see this at first. Yet, in a few months, my brain got reeducated an __54__ could see the difference between good and bad writing and could appreciate literature at a whole new level.
Going to college helps build a strong mind, which leads __55__ greater success in one’s life.
【答案】
48.an
49.two
50.next
51.why
52.one
53.but
54.I
55.to
【解析】
48.名词前缺少冠词修饰，留意English前的冠词应填an；
49.后文的better，both以及the other均有所提示；
50.按照记叙文时间发展先后顺序，填next，此题略有难度；
51.教授告诉我的是如何判断一个比另一个更好，所以应填why；
52.后文while the other给与提示；
53.while前后对比得出答案；
54.此句缺少主语，容易得出答案I；
55.固定搭配lead to。