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高考英语（2011~2020）真题专项练习 专题20 阅读理解之夹叙夹议类
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这是一份高考英语（2011~2020）真题专项练习 专题20 阅读理解之夹叙夹议类，共30页。
十年（2010~2020）高考英语真题分项详解20
阅读理解·夹叙夹议类
1.（2020年，江苏卷）
I was in the middle of the Amazon (亚马逊) with my wife, who was there as a medical researcher. We flew on a small plane to a faraway village. We did not speak the local language, did not know the customs, and more often than not, did not entirely recognize the food. We could not have felt more foreign.
We were raised on books and computers, highways and cell phones, but now we were living in a village without running water or electricity It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a little misunderstood.
Then one perfect Amazonian evening, with monkeys calling from beyond the village green, we played soccer. I am not good at soccer, but that evening it was wonderful. Everyone knew the rules. We all spoke the same language of passes and shots. We understood one another perfectly. As darkness came over the field and the match ended, the goal keeper, Juan, walked over to me and said in a matter-of-fact way, “In your home, do you have a moon too?” I was surprised.
After I explained to Juan that yes, we did have a moon and yes, it was very similar to his, I felt a sort of awe (敬畏) at the possibilities that existed in his world. In Juan’s world, each village could have its own moon. In Juan’s world, the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous. Anything was possible.
In our society, we know that Earth has only one moon. We have looked at our planet from every angle and found all of the wildest things left to find. I can, from my computer at home, pull up satellite images of Juan’s village. There are no more continents and no more moons to search for, little left to discover. At least it seems that way.
Yet, as I thought about Juan’s question, I was not sure how much more we could really rule out. I am, in part, an ant biologist, so my thoughts turned to what we know about insect life and I knew that much in the world of insects remains unknown. How much, though? How ignorant (无知的) are we? The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me.
I began collecting newspaper articles about new species, new monkey, new spider…, and on and on they appear. My drawer quickly filled. I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: new cave system discovered with dozens of nameless species, four hundred species of bacteria found in the human stomach. The second drawer began to fill and as it did I wondered whether there were bigger discoveries out there, not just species, but life that depends on things thought to be useless, life even without DNA.I started a third drawer for these big discoveries. It fills more slowly, but all the same, it fills.
In looking into the stories of biological discovery, I also began to find something else, a collection of scientists, usually brilliant occasionally half-mad, who made the discoveries. Those scientists very often see the same things that other scientists see, but they pay more attention to them, and they focus on them to the point of exhaustion (穷尽), and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers. In looking for the stories of discovery, I found the stories of these people and how their lives changed our view of the world.
We are repeatedly willing to imagine we have found most of what is left to discover. We used to think that insects were the smallest organisms (生物), and that nothing lived deeper than six hundred meters. Yet, when something new turns up, more often than not, we do not even know its name.
1.How did the author feel on his arrival in the Amazon?
A.Out of place. B.Full of joy. C.Sleepy. D.Regretful.
2.What made that Amazonian evening wonderful?
A.He learned more about the local language.
B.They had a nice conversation with each other.
C.They understood each other while playing.
D.He won the soccer game with the goal keeper.
3.Why was the author surprised at Juan’s question about the moon?
A.The question was too straightforward.
B.Juan knew so little about the world.
C.The author didn’t know how to answer.
D.The author didn’t think Juan was sincere.
4.What was the author’s initial purpose of collecting newspaper articles?
A.To sort out what we have known.
B.To deepen his research into Amazonians.
C.To improve his reputation as a biologist.
D.To learn more about local cultures.
5.How did those brilliant scientists make great discoveries?
A.They shifted their viewpoints frequently.
B.They followed other scientists closely.
C.They often criticized their fellow scientists.
D.They conducted in-depth and close studies.
6.What could be the most suitable title for the passage?
A.The Possible and the Impossible .
B.The Known and the Unknown .
C.The Civilized and the Uncivilized .
D.The Ignorant and the Intelligent.
【答案】1.A 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.D 6.B
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者和妻子来到了亚马逊，妻子是一名医学研究者。一踏上这里，作者感到非常不适应，通过与当地人的接触，作者了解一些人对外部的世界并不了解。在生物多样性发现的过程中，作者意识到，很多东西是人类已知的，还有很多是人类未知的。
1.推理判断题。根据第一段“We didn’t speak the local language, did not know the customs and more often than not, didn’t entirely recognize the food. We couldn’t have felt more foreign.”可知，我们不会说当地的语言，不了解当地的风俗习惯，而且往往我们不能完全认识食物，我们感觉非常陌生。由此可知，作者一到达亚马逊感觉格格不入。故选A项。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段“Everyone knew the rules. We all spoke the same language of passes and shots. We understood one another perfectly.”可知，每个人都知道规则，在传球和射门方面，我们说着同样的语言，彼此非常了解。由此可知，踢球时他们的彼此理解使得他们的亚马逊夜晚很美好。故选C项。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段“In Juan’s world, the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous.”可知，在胡安的世界里，未知的东西和未被发现的东西是浩瀚而神奇的。由此判断，胡安对这个世界知之甚少。故选B项。
4.推理判断题。根据第七段“I began collecting newspaper articles about new species, new spider...,and on and on they appear, my drawer quickly filled, I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: new cave system discovered with dozens of nameless species ...I started a third drawer for these big discoveries.”可知，我开始收集报纸上关于新物种、新蜘蛛的文章……它们源源不断地出现，我的抽屉很快就填满了。我开始用第二个抽屉来储存更普遍的发现:在新的洞穴系统发现了几十个无名的物种……我还为这些重大发现准备了第三个抽屉。由此判断，作者收集报纸文章的初始目的是为了分类我们所知道的事情。故选A项。
5.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“but they pay more attention to them ,and they focus on them to the point of exhaustion ,and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers.”可知，但他们更多地关注这些发现，他们把注意力集中在这些发现上直到精疲力竭的地步，冒着被同龄人嘲笑的风险。由此可知，杰出的科学家进行深入细致的研究，做出重大的发现。故选D项。
6.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者和妻子来到了亚马逊。一踏上这里，作者感到非常不适应，通过与当地人的接触，作者了解到一些人对外部的世界并不了解。在对这里的风土人情和多样化生物的研究过程中，作者提高了认识，意识到很多东西是人类已知的，还有很多是人类未知的。所以短文的最佳标题为“已知和未知的事物”。故选B项。
2.（2020年，全国卷II）
I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.
My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.
As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
I always read ,using different voices ,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .
Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.
As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.
7.Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child?
A.Cooperative. B.Uneasy. C.Inseparable. D.Casual.
8.What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A.Pleasure from working in the library.
B.Joy of reading passed on in the family.
C.Wonderment from acting out the stories.
D.A closer bond developed with the readers.
9.What does the author call on other writers to do?
A.Sponsor book fairs. B.Write for social media.
C.Support libraries. D.Purchase her novels.
10.Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Reading: A Source of Knowledge
B.My Idea about writing
C.Library: A Haven for the Young
D.My Love of the Library
【答案】7.C 8.B 9.C 10.D
【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。
7.推理判断题。根据第一段的 I was always an enthusiastic reader，sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties. I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.(我一直是一个热情的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本书。故事对我来说就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险)可推断，作者小时候与书是密不可分的。故选C。
8.词句猜测题。根据上文As I grew older and became a mother可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文I had several children and books were our main source (来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them(我有几个孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。
9.细节理解题。根据最后一段的I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.( 我认为所有的作家都应该在他们可以的时候以有意义的方式支持图书馆。鼓励读者使用图书馆。在社交媒体上分享图书馆公告。可以的时候常去图书馆，谈论图书馆)可知，作者呼吁其他的作家们支持图书馆。故选C。
10.主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者，孩提时喜欢阅读，工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。因此推断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述。故D项“我对图书馆的爱”为最佳标题。故选D。
3.（2016年，全国卷I）
Grandparents Answer a Call
As a third－generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never planned to move away.Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children, she politely refused.Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms.Garza finally say yes.That was four years ago.Today all three generations regard the move as a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.
No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing.Even President Obama’s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study by grandparents.com, 83 percent of the people said Mrs.Robinson's decision will influence grandparents in the American family.Two－thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family.
“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn't get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,”says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grand, a magazine for grandparents. “We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when you’re raising children.”
Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead.Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.
11.Why was Garza’s move a success?
A.It strengthened her family ties.
B.It improved her living conditions.
C.It enabled her to make more friends.
D.It helped her know more new places.
12.What was the reaction of the public to Mrs.Robinson’s decision?
A.17% expressed their support for it.
B.Few people responded sympathetically.
C.83% believed it had a bad influence.
D.The majority thought it was a trend.
13.What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?
A.They were unsure of themselves.
B.They were eager to raise more children.
C.They wanted to live away from their parents.
D.They had little respect for their grandparents.
14.What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?
A.Make decisions in the best interests of their own.
B.Ask their children to pay more visits to them.
C.Sacrifice for their struggling children.
D.Get to know themselves better.
【答案】11.A 12.D 13.C 14.A
【解析】本文是一篇关于人与社会问题的报道类夹叙夹议文。通过描述部分祖父母选择搬去和孩子们生活在一起，以便为孩子们提供帮助，引发更多人的选择与思考。
11.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Today all three generations regard the move as a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.”可知这次搬家给他们带来了更紧密的家庭联系。故选A。
12.细节理解题。根据第二段结尾处“...83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson’s decision will influence grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family.”可知83%的人认为Mrs. Robinson的决定会影响美国家庭，2/3的人相信更多家庭会效仿，所以“多数人认为这是一种趋势”。故选D。
13.推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,”可知那时的人们一心希望离家越远越好、越快越好。本题出错主要原因在于考生对“can’t...enough表示越……越好”不熟悉，而按字面理解成了“没能力离家足够远”。故选C。
14.推理判断题。第四段首句“Moving is not for everyone”已经说明“移居并非适合每一个人”，再结合下文“Having yourgrandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.”可知“（祖父母）得知孩子们在异地艰苦的生活，是很难过的，但（祖父母）放弃自己熟悉的生活也许会更难过”，所以推断出作者建议“作选择时要慎重，要以自己最大的需求为衡量标准”。故选A。
4.（2016年，天津卷）
Failure is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has. There is nothing more tiring than not succeeding.
We experience this tiredness in two ways: as start-up fatigue(疲惫) and performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep putting off a task because it has either too boring or too difficult. And the longer we delay it, the more tired we feel.
Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones. The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply: always handle the most difficult job first.
Years ago, I was asked to write 102 essays on the great ideas of some famous authors. Applying my own rule, I determined to write them in alphabetical(按字母顺序), never letting myself leave out a tough idea. And I always started the day’s work with the difficult task of essay-writing. Experience proved that the rule works.
Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Though willing to get started, we cannot seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear so great that, however hard we work, we fail again and again. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can-then let the unconscious take over.
When planning Encyclopaedia Britannica (《大英百科全书》), I had to create a table of contents based on the topics of its articles. Nothing like this had ever been done before, and day after day I kept coming up with solutions, but none of them worked. My fatigue became almost unbearable.
One day, mentally exhausted, I wrote down all the reasons why this problem could not be solved. I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself, not with me. Relived, I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep.
An hour later, I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind. In the weeks that followed, the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind provided correct at every step. Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue. Success was now as exciting as failure had been depressing.
Human beings, I believe must try to succeed. Success, then, means never feeling tired.
15.People with start-up fatigue are most likely to ________.
A.delay tasks B.work hard
C.seek help D.accept failure
16.What does the author recommend doing to prevent start-up fatigue?
A.Writing essays in strict order.
B.Building up physical strength.
C.Leaving out the toughest ideas.
D.Dealing with the hardest task first.
17.On what occasion does a person probably suffer from performance fatigue?
A.Before starting a difficult task.
B.When all the solutions fail.
C.If the job is rather boring.
D.After finding a way out.
18.According to the author, the unconscious mind may help us ________.
A.ignore mental problems B.get some nice sleep
C.gain complete relief D.find the right solution
19.What could be the best title for the passage?
A.Success Is Built upon Failure
B.How to Handle Performance Fatigue
C.Getting over Fatigue: A Way to Success
D.Fatigue: An Early Sign of Health Problems
【答案】15.A 16.D 17.B 18.D 19.C
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要介绍每个人都希望成功，但是人们在实施任务的时候会出现启动疲惫和表现疲惫，这是造成失败的两种原因，文章具体介绍如何克服这两种疲惫。
15.细节理解题。根据第一段的句子In the former case, we keep putting off a task可知，有启动疲惫的人更可能拖延任务。故选A。
16.细节理解题。根据第三段的句子The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply:always handle the most difficult job first可知，为了防止启动疲惫作者建议首先处理最难的任务。故选D。
17.推理判断题。根据第五段的句子Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle…we fail again and again可知，当所有的解决方法都失败的时候，一个人可能会有表现疲惫。故选B。
18.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第一段和倒数第二段的内容可知，无意识的行为可能帮助我们发现正确的解决方法。故选D。
19.主旨大意题。根据全篇文章和最后一段的内容可知，文章主要介绍造成失败的两种疲惫，以及如何克服疲惫。故选C。
5.（2015年，浙江卷）
If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars，we would go in darkness happily，the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead，we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don’t think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it’s the only way to explain what we’ve done to the night: We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences 一 called light pollution 一 whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design，which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky. III-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels 一 and light rhythms — to which many forms of life, including, ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect or life is affected .
In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars, leaving behind a vacant haze(霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark. We’ve grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit nigh, - dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadow on Earth, is wholly beyond our experience, beyond memory almost.
We’ve lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country, when nothing could be further form the truth. Among mammals alone, the number of nocturnal species is astonishing, Light is a powerful biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet(磁铁). The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms. Migrating at night, birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.
Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times righter than normal, throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint including most other creatures ,we do need darkness .Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare, to our internal clockwork, as light itself.
Living in a glare of our making,we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night .In a very real sense light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy arching overhead.
20.According to the passage, human being .
A.prefer to live in the darkness
B.are used to living in the day light
C.were curious about the midnight world
D.had to stay at home with the light of the moon
21.What does “it”(Paragraph 1) most probably refer to?
A.The night. B.The moon
C.The sky D.The planet
22.The writer mentions birds and frogs to .
A.provide examples of animal protection
B.show how light pollution affects animals
C.compare the living habits of both species
D.explain why the number of certain species has declined
23.It is implied in the last paragraph that .
A.light pollution dose harm to the eyesight of animals
B.light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages
C.human beings cannot go to the outer space
D.human beings should reflect on their position in the universe
24.What might be the best title for the passage?
A.The Magic light.
B.The Orange Haze.
C.The Disappearing Night.
D.The Rhythms of Nature.
【答案】20.B 21.A 22.B 23.D 24.C
【解析】文章介绍了光污染对于动物和人类的影响，呼吁我们反思我们的行为。
20.B 细节理解题 根据第一段第三行“ with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light眼睛适应了太阳的光线” 可以知道答案。其中adapted to 和used to 同义，意为习惯于。
21.A 猜词题，对于这种指代的题目，往往答案是最接近它的一个。根据这种原则，不能得出答案是night 夜晚。最后一句话的句意是：但是这是唯一的方法去解释我们对于夜晚做了什么：我们设计了光，让光充满星空。
22.B 写作目的题 根据第二段第一句话” The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences 这项工程带来好处的同时也带来了坏处“和最后一句，“Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect of life is affected“, 此句意为无论光洒在什么地方，生活都会受到一些影响。 所以答案是show how light pollution affects animals说明光污染影响的动物
23.D 推理题，最后一段的意思是” Living in a glare of our making ,we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night .In a very real sense light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy arching overhead.生活在一个刺眼世界，我们已经远离了进化和文化遗产：星星和昼夜节律的光。在一个非常真实的意义上，光污染使我们在宇宙中失去真我，而这些失去的正好就是最好的测量银河系银河深夜的工具。“ 根据语意，不难得出答案是D. human beings should reflect on their position in the universe人类应该反思自己的行为。但此题易错选B，之所以不选B是因为some of 的表达是扩大了说法，以偏概全。
24.C 标题题，根据，文章出现最多的就是light和night, 我们可以知道答案是C。之所以不选A，是因为它所使用的形容词Magic意思是奇幻的，这个单词具有褒义的意思。而C选项的disappearing 是消失的，这符合本文的语境，让我们反思。
6.（2010年，辽宁卷）
It was a village in India. The people were poor. However, they were not unhappy. After all, their forefathers had lived in the same way for centuries.
Then one day, some visitors from the city arrived. They told the villagers there were some people elsewhere who liked to eat frog’s legs. However, they did not have enough frogs of their own, and so they wanted to buy frogs from other places.
This seemed like money for nothing. There were millions of frogs in the fields around, and they were no use to the villagers. All they had to do was catch them. Agreement was reached, and the children were sent into the fields to catch frogs. Every week a truck arrived to collect the catch and hand over the money. For the first time, the people were able to dream of a better future. But the dream didn’t last long.
The change was hardly noticed at first, but it seemed as if the crops were not doing so well. More worrying was that the children fell ill more often, and, there seemed to be more insects around lately.
The villagers decided that they couldn’t just wait to see the crops failing and the children have to use the money earned to buy pesticides(杀虫剂) and medicines. Soon there was no money left.
Then the people realized what was happening. It was the frog. They hadn’t been useless. They had been doing an important job—eating insects. Now with so many frogs killed, the insects were increasing more rapidly. They were damaging the crops and spreading diseases.
Now, the people are still poor. But in the evenings they sit in the village square and listen to sounds of insects and frogs. These sounds of the night now have a much deeper meaning.
27.From paragraph 1 we learn that the villagers __________.
A.worked very hard for centuries
B.were poor but somewhat content (满足的)
C.dreamed of having a better life
D.lived a different life from their forefathers
28.Why did the villagers agree to sell frogs ?
A.The frogs were easy money.
B.They needed money to buy medicine.
C.They wanted to please the visitors.
D.The frogs made too much noise.
29.What might be the cause of the children’s sickness?
A.The crops didn't do well.
B.There were too many insects.
C.The visitors brought in diseases.
D.The pesticides were overused.
30.What can we infer from the last sentence of the text ?
A.Happiness comes from peaceful life in the country.
B.Health is more important than money.
C.The harmony between man and nature is important
D.good old day will never be forgotten
【答案】27.B 28.A 29.B 30.C
【解析】文章主要讲了一个贫穷的村庄，因为有人说青蛙赚钱就把青蛙卖了，结果发现害虫增多，庄稼收成受影响，孩子也容易生病，从而告诉我们人应该与自然和谐相处，不能破坏生态平衡。
27.细节理解题。第一段中有The people were poor. However, they were not unhappy.和B项意思一致，村民们贫穷但是满足。故选B。
28.细节理解题。根据第三段和本段第一句This seemed like money for nothing.句中for nothing是“免费的”意思，说明青蛙容易得到，并能赚到钱，村民才答应买，故选A。
29.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中They had been doing an important job---eating insects. Now with so many frogs killed, the insects were increasing more rapidly. They were damaging the crops and spreading diseases.可知，青蛙一直在做一项重要的工作——吃昆虫。 现在有这么多青蛙被杀了，昆虫增长得更快。 他们破坏了庄稼，传播了疾病。可以推断出庄稼收成不好，孩子生病与青蛙减少，害虫增多有关，故选B。
30.推理判断题。最后一句These sounds of the night now have a much deeper meaning. 现在夜晚的这些声音具有更深刻的意义。该句是一个中介句，说明人们过度捕杀造成生态失衡，由此也影响了人类，因此，可以推断人与自然的和谐是重要，故选C。
7.（2012年，浙江卷）
Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever, even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started. Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country. In fact, according to an official report on youth violence, "In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence". Given that this is the case, why aren't students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?
First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult (侮辱). For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence. The problem isn't in the sandwich, but in the way students deal with the conflict.
Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable, they can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution (解决) stay calm. Once the student feels calmer, he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words, name-calling, and accusation only add fuel to the emotional fir On the other hand, soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.
After both sides have calmed down, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution; listening. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side, and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterward, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker’s position. Then the two people should change roles.
Finally, students need f. consider what they are hearing. This doesn’t mean trying to figure out what's wrong with the other person. It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish. For example, a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things. Students need to ask themselves questions such as these: How did this start? What do I really want? What am I afraid off As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller. Even if it doesn't, careful thought helps both sides figure out a mutual solution.
There will always be conflict in schools, but that doesn’t mean there needs to be violence. After students in Atlanta started a conflict resolution program, according to Educators for Social Responsibility, “64 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom; 75 percent of the teachers reported an increase in student cooperation; and 92 percent of the students felt better about themselves”. Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends, teachers, parents, bosses, and coworkers. In that way, conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country.
31.This article is mainly about _______.
A.the lives of school children B.the cause of arguments in schools
C.how to analyze youth violence D.how to deal with school conflicts
32.From Paragraph 2 we can learn that ________.
A.violence is more likely to occur at lunchtime
B.a small conflict can lead to violence
C.students tend to lose their temper easily
D.the eating habit of a student is often the cause of a fight
33.Why do students need to ask themselves the questions stated in Paragraph 5?
A.To find out who to blame.
B.To get ready to buy new things.
C.To make clear what the real issue is.
D.To figure out how to stop the shouting match.
34.After the conflict resolution program was started in Atlanta, it was found that ______.
A.there was a decrease in classroom violence
B.there was less student cooperation in the classroom
C.more teachers fell better about themselves in schools
D.the teacher-student relationship greatly improved
35.The writer’s purpose for writing this article is to _______.
A.complain about problems in school education
B.teach students different strategies for school life
C.advocate teaching conflict management in schools
D.inform teachers of the latest studies on school violence
【答案】31.D 32.B 33.C 34.A 35.C
【解析】作者在文章中主要探讨了如何让学生正确、冷静处理校园冲突，从而减少校园暴力以及介绍了学生学会解决冲突的益处，最后呼吁全国的各个学校教授学生解决冲突的技能。
31.主旨大意题。文章第一段最后一句Given that this is the ease，why aren't students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems，drive ears，or stay physically fit？(既然这很容易，为什么不教学生如何处理冲突，就像教他们解决数学问题、鼓动耳朵或保持身体健康一样)可知为什么学生们不学会像处理其它问题一样处理冲突。最后一段说conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country(解决冲突是一项基本的生活技能，应该在全国的学校里教授)可知，该文主要介绍了如何帮助学生正确处理校园冲突的方法，所以选D项。
32.推理判断题。从第二段…begin with a relatively minor insult…推知，很多时候校园冲突的起因只是一件小事而已。下面作者所列举的例子也是来说明这一点的，故选B项。
33.推理判断题。从第五段It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish…可知，学生自问问题的关键在于：让学生明白冲突真正的症结所在，而不是只关注对方的过错，由此推断C项是最佳答案。
34.细节理解题。从第六段…64 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom…知，亚特兰大实施了校园冲突解决方案后，肢体上的暴力行为有了较大的减少，而合作上升了，学生们的自我归属感也增强了，所以选A项。
35.推理判断题。从文章中第一段…Given that this is the case…和最后一段In that way, conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught…，并结合全文知，本文作者主要倡导在校园中教授解决冲突的办法，所以选C项。
8.（2012年，天津卷）
You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. “They” did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. “They” are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as “they” are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing(内化)your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others.
Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they don’t let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don’t blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred(神圣的)moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.
Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities, yet their experience of life is worlds apart. Victims relish (沉溺)in anger, guilt, and other emotions that cause others---and even themselves---to feel like victims, too. Creators consciously choose love, inspiration, and other qualities which inspire not only themselves, but all around them. Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives.
In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life.
In every moment and every circumstance, you can choose to have fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are.
36.What does the word “they” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to?
A.People and things around you. B.Opportunities and problems.
C.Creators and their choices. D.Victims and their sufferings.
37.According to Paragraph 2, creators __________.
A.seem willing to experience failures in life
B.possess the ability to predict future life
C.handle ups and downs of life wisely
D.have potential to create something new
38.What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A.Creators and victims face quite different things in life.
B.Creators and victims are masters of their lives.
C.Victims can influence more people than creators.
D.Compared with victims, creators are more emotional.
39.The examples mentioned in Paragraph 4 show that _______________.
A.strong attachment to sufferings in life pulls people into victims.
B.people need family support to deal with challengers in life.
C.it takes creators quite a long time to get rid of their pains.
D.one’s experiences determine his attitude toward life.
40.What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A.To define victims and creators.
B.To evaluate victims against creators.
C.To explain the relationship between victims and creators.
D.To suggest the transformation from victims to creators.
【答案】36.A 37.C 38.B 39.A 40.D
【解析】本文讲述了两种截然不同的人，一种是消极悲观怨天尤人的“受害者”，另一种是积极主动主宰自己命运的“缔造者”。在挫折面前他们表现出不同的态度，作者建议人们要转变心态从命运的“受害者”变成自己命运的主宰者。
36.A推理判断题。从下文叙述可知造成痛苦的是“yourself”或者是“they”，所以they与yourself相对，指除了自己以外的其他人或事。故A选项正确。
37.C细节理解题。文章第二段描叙了那些积极乐观的人们，They believe their dance with each sacred moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth. 由此可知他们对待人生的坎坷起伏的态度是很明智的，C选项正确。
38.B推理判断题。从第三段Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives. 推断可知B选项正确。他们是自己命运的主人，主宰着自己人生的方向。
39.A推理判断题。第四段首句In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives.即为主题句，此后的例子用来作为论据证明此论点，所以A选项正确。
40.D推理判断题。文章讲述了两种人对待挫折困境的不同态度，不同做法，最后提出文章中心即作者的观点you can choose to have a fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are. 所以D选项正确。
9.（2012年，四川卷）
I left university with a good degree in English Literature, but no sense of what I wanted to do. Over the next six years, I was treading water just trying to earn an income. I tried journalism, but I didn’t think I was any good, then finance, which I hated. Finally, I got a job as a rights assistant at a famous publisher. I loved working with books, although the job that I did was dull.
I had enough savings to take a year off work, and I decided to try to satisfy a deep-down wish to write a novel. Attending a Novel Writing MA course gave me the structure I needed to write my first 55,000 words.
It takes confidence to make a new start — there’s a dark period in-between where you’re neither one thing nor the other. You’re out for dinner and people ask what you do, and you’re too ashamed to say, “Well, I’m writing a novel, but I’m not quite sure if I’m going to get there.” My confidence dived. Believing my novel could not be published ,
I put it aside.
Then I met an agent（代理商）who said I should send my novel out to agents. So, I did and, to my surprise, got some wonderful feedback. I felt a little hope that I might actually become a published writer and, after signing with an agent, I finished the second half of the novel.
The next problem was finding a publisher. After two-and-a-half years of no income, just waiting and wondering, a publisher offered me a book deal — that publisher turned out to be the one I once worked for.
It feels like an unbelievable stroke of luck — of fate, really. When you set out to do something different, there’s no end in sight, so to find myself in a position where I now have my own name on a contract of the publisher — to be a published writer — is unbelievably rewarding.
41.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 mean?
A.I was waiting for good fortune.
B.I was trying to find an admirable job.
C.I was being aimless about a suitable job.
D.I was doing several jobs for more pay at a time.
42.The author decided to write a novel ______ .
A.to finish the writing course
B.to realize her own dream
C.to satisfy readers’ wish
D.to earn more money
43.How did the writer feel halfway with the novel?
A.Disturbed. B.Ashamed. C.Confident. D.Uncertain.
44.What does the author mainly want to tell readers in the last paragraph?
A.It pays to stick to one’s goal.
B.Hard work can lead to success.
C.She feels like being unexpectedly lucky.
D.There is no end in sight when starting to do something.
【答案】41.C 42.B 43.D 44.A
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章中主人公作者是一个有着英语文学学位的毕业生，但对自己做什么工作在开始的时候很迷茫，做了一段时间的记者，后来又到出版商那里工作，后来有了足够的积蓄暂停了工作去搞写作，开始时对自己的写作并没有足够的信心，见了一次出版商，把自己的作品送了过去结果得到了好的反馈，从而增加了信心，最终幸运地找到自己喜爱的写作这种职业，并最终取得了成功。作者通过自己的故事想告诉我们坚持自己的目标就会得到回报。
41.词句猜测题。根据第一段but no sense of what I wanted to do. I tried journalism, but I didn’t think I was any good, then finance, which I hated,可知，但不知道我想做什么。我尝试过新闻工作，但我认为自己一点也不是很擅长，然后是我讨厌的金融。由此推之第一段划线部分是指作者漫无目的地寻找一份合适自己的工作。故选C项。
42.细节理解题。根据第二段的"I decided to try to satisfy a deep-down wish to write a novel"可知作者决定写小说的目的只是满足自己内心深处的愿望，实现自己的梦想说明写作是他一直以来的梦想，故选B项。
43.推理判断题。根据文章第三段最后一句My confidence dived. Believing my novel could not be published, I put it aside可知，我的信心下降了。我相信我的小说不能出版，就把它放在了一边。由关键词“dived，put it aside”此判断出作者写这本小说写到一半时对自己的小说很不确定。故选D项。
44.推理判断题。根据最后一段When you set out to do something different, there’s no end in sight, so to find myself in a position where I now have my own name on a contract(合同)of the publisher—to be a published writer—is unbelievably rewarding(有回报的)可知，当你开始做一些不同的事情时，是看不到尽头的，以至于陷于困境，但是作者摆脱了困境，成为了一名出版作家，这是令人难以置信的回报。所以通过作者的叙述可以判断出，作者在最后一段想告诉读者，只要坚持自己的目标，努力是一定会有回报的。故选A项。
10.（2009年，湖北卷）
When I was seven my father gave me a Timex, my first watch. I loved it, wore it for years, and haven’t had another one since it stopped ticking a decade ago. Why? Because I don’t need one. I have a mobile phone and I’m always near someone with an iPod or something like that. All these devices（装置）tell the time — which is why, if you look around, you’ll see lots of empty wrists; sales of watches to young adults have been going down since 2007.
But while the wise have realized that they don’t need them, others—apparently including some distinguished men of our time—are spending total fortunes on them. Brands such as Rolex, Patek Philippe and Breitling command shocking prices, up to ￡250,000 for a piece.
This is ridiculous. Expensive cars go faster than cheap cars. Expensive clothes hang better than cheap clothes. But these days all watches tell the time as well as all other watches. Expensive watches come with extra functions — but who needs them? How often do you dive to 300 metres into the sea or need to find your direction in the area around the South Pole? So why pay that much of five years’ school fees for watches that allow you to do these things?
If justice were done, the Swiss watch industry should have closed down when the Japanese discovered how to make accurate watches for a five-pound note. Instead the Swiss reinvented the watch, with the aid of millions of pounds’ worth of advertising, as a message about the man wearing it. Rolexes are for those who spend their weekends climbing icy mountains; a Patek Philippe is for one from a rich or noble family; a Breitling suggests you like to pilot planes across the world.
Watches are now classified as “investments”（投资）. A 1994 Patek Philippe recently sold for nearly ￡350,000, while 1960s Rolexes have gone from ￡15,000 to ￡30,000 plus in a year. But a watch is not an investment. It’s a toy for self-satisfaction, a matter of fashion. Prices may keep going up—they’ve been rising for 15 years. But when fashion moves on, the owner of that ￡350,000 beauty will suddenly find his pride and joy is no more a good investment than my childhood Timex.
45.The sales of watches to young people have fallen because they______.
A.have other devices to tell the time B.think watches too expensive
C.prefer to wear an iPod D.have no sense of time
46.It seems ridiculous to the writer that ______.
A.people dive 300 metres into the sea
B.expensive clothes sell better than cheap ones
C.cheap cars don’t run as fast as expensive ones
D.expensive watches with unnecessary functions still sell
47.What can be learnt about Swiss watch industry from the passage?
A.It targets rich people as its potential customers.
B.It’s hard for the industry to beat its competitors.
C.It wastes a huge amount of money in advertising.
D.It’s easy for the industry to reinvent cheap watches.
48.Which would be the best title for the passage?
A.Timex or Rolex? B.My Childhood Timex
C.Watches? Not for Me! D.Watches — a Valuable Collection
【答案】45.A 46.D 47.A 48.C
【解析】
45.细节判断题。根据第1段All these devices tell the time …sales of watches to young adults have been going down可知面向年轻人销售的手表销售额下降主要是因为很多设备都能报时。
46.推理判断题。根据第2段，既然很多设备都能报时，人们还花费很多钱购买那些拥有一些新的但并不实用的功能的世界名表，这显得很荒谬，应选择D才符合作者的意思。
47.推理判断题。根据第4段he Swiss reinvented the watch, with the aid of millions of pounds’worth of advertising, as a message about the man wearing it.可知瑞士表工业主要是针对有钱人。
48.主旨大意题。本文讲述在现代许多移动设备都能报时的前提下，还花费很多钱购买名表究竟是否合适，因此选择C“手表？我不要！”为标题较为形象生动也很贴切。A“天美时还是劳力士”，B“我的孩童时代的天美时”，D“手表—昂贵的选择”都不符合文章主题。
11.（2009年，广东卷）
A few years ago I had an “aha!” moment regarding handwriting.
I had in my hand a sheet of paper with handwritten instructions on it for some sort of editorial task. It occurred at first that I did not recognize the handwriting，and then I realized whose it must be. I finally became aware of the fact that I had been working with this colleague for at least a year，maybe two，and yet I did not recognize her handwriting at that point.
It was a very important event in the computerization of life—a sign that the informal. Friendly communication of people working together in an office had changed from notes in pen to instant messages and emails. There was a time when our workdays were filled with little letters，and we recognized one another's handwriting the way we knew voices or faces.
As a child visiting my father’s office，1 was pleased to recognize，in little notes on the desks of his staff，the same handwriting 1 would see at home in the notes he would leave on the fridge—except that those notes were signed “dad” instead of “RFW”.
All this has been on my mind because of the talk about The Rise and Fall of Handwriting，a book by Florey. Sire shows in her book a deep concern about the fall of handwriting and the failure of schools to teach children to write well，but many others argue that people in a digital age can’t be expected to learn to hold a pen.
I don’t buy it.
I don’t want to see anyone cut off from the expressive，personal associations that a pen still promotes better than a digital keyboard does. For many a biographer，part of really getting to know their subjects is learning to read their handwriting.
What some people advocate is teaching one of the many attractive handwritings based on the handwriting of 16th-century Italy. That may sound impossibly grand—as if they want kids to learn to draw by copying classical paintings. However，they have worked in many school systems.
49.Why was the author surprised at not recognizing his colleague’s handwriting?
A.He had worked with his colleague long enough.
B.His colleague’s handwriting was SO beautiful.
C.His colleague’s handwriting was SO terrible.
D.He still had a 1ot of Work to do.
50.People working together in an office used to ____________.
A.talk more about handwriting
B.take more notes on workdays
C.know better one another's handwriting
D.communicate better with one another
51.The author’s father wrote notes in pen _________.
A.to both his family and his staff B.to his family in small letters
C.to his family on the fridge D.to his staff on the desk
52.According to the author，handwritten notes _______.
A.are harder to teach in schools
B.attract more attention
C.are used only between friends
D.carry more message
53.We can learn from the passage that the author __________.
A.thinks it impossible to teach handwriting
B.does not want to lose handwriting
C.puts the blame on the computer
D.does not agree with Florey
【答案】49.A 50.C 51.A 52.D 53.B
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，通过一时辨认不出一位老同事的字迹及其回顾，对在电脑冲击下，书法受忽视感到惋惜，并认为中小学应当加强书法教学。
49.细节理解题。由第二段最后一句I had been working with this colleague for at least a year, maybe two, and yet I did not recognize her handwriting可知。
50.由第三段“There was a time when our workdays were filled with little letters, and we recognized one another’s handwriting the way we knew voices or faces”可知
51.细节理解题。由第四段I was pleased to recognize… his staff…the same I would see at home…可知。
52.推理判断题。由倒数第二段第一句the expressive, personal associations that a pen still promotes better than a digital keyboard does可知。
53.推理判断题。由最后一段可推知。
十年（2010~2020）高考英语真题分项详解20
阅读理解·夹叙夹议类
1.（2020年，江苏卷）
I was in the middle of the Amazon (亚马逊) with my wife, who was there as a medical researcher. We flew on a small plane to a faraway village. We did not speak the local language, did not know the customs, and more often than not, did not entirely recognize the food. We could not have felt more foreign.
We were raised on books and computers, highways and cell phones, but now we were living in a village without running water or electricity It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a little misunderstood.
Then one perfect Amazonian evening, with monkeys calling from beyond the village green, we played soccer. I am not good at soccer, but that evening it was wonderful. Everyone knew the rules. We all spoke the same language of passes and shots. We understood one another perfectly. As darkness came over the field and the match ended, the goal keeper, Juan, walked over to me and said in a matter-of-fact way, “In your home, do you have a moon too?” I was surprised.
After I explained to Juan that yes, we did have a moon and yes, it was very similar to his, I felt a sort of awe (敬畏) at the possibilities that existed in his world. In Juan’s world, each village could have its own moon. In Juan’s world, the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous. Anything was possible.
In our society, we know that Earth has only one moon. We have looked at our planet from every angle and found all of the wildest things left to find. I can, from my computer at home, pull up satellite images of Juan’s village. There are no more continents and no more moons to search for, little left to discover. At least it seems that way.
Yet, as I thought about Juan’s question, I was not sure how much more we could really rule out. I am, in part, an ant biologist, so my thoughts turned to what we know about insect life and I knew that much in the world of insects remains unknown. How much, though? How ignorant (无知的) are we? The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me.
I began collecting newspaper articles about new species, new monkey, new spider…, and on and on they appear. My drawer quickly filled. I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: new cave system discovered with dozens of nameless species, four hundred species of bacteria found in the human stomach. The second drawer began to fill and as it did I wondered whether there were bigger discoveries out there, not just species, but life that depends on things thought to be useless, life even without DNA.I started a third drawer for these big discoveries. It fills more slowly, but all the same, it fills.
In looking into the stories of biological discovery, I also began to find something else, a collection of scientists, usually brilliant occasionally half-mad, who made the discoveries. Those scientists very often see the same things that other scientists see, but they pay more attention to them, and they focus on them to the point of exhaustion (穷尽), and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers. In looking for the stories of discovery, I found the stories of these people and how their lives changed our view of the world.
We are repeatedly willing to imagine we have found most of what is left to discover. We used to think that insects were the smallest organisms (生物), and that nothing lived deeper than six hundred meters. Yet, when something new turns up, more often than not, we do not even know its name.
1.How did the author feel on his arrival in the Amazon?
A.Out of place. B.Full of joy. C.Sleepy. D.Regretful.
2.What made that Amazonian evening wonderful?
A.He learned more about the local language.
B.They had a nice conversation with each other.
C.They understood each other while playing.
D.He won the soccer game with the goal keeper.
3.Why was the author surprised at Juan’s question about the moon?
A.The question was too straightforward.
B.Juan knew so little about the world.
C.The author didn’t know how to answer.
D.The author didn’t think Juan was sincere.
4.What was the author’s initial purpose of collecting newspaper articles?
A.To sort out what we have known.
B.To deepen his research into Amazonians.
C.To improve his reputation as a biologist.
D.To learn more about local cultures.
5.How did those brilliant scientists make great discoveries?
A.They shifted their viewpoints frequently.
B.They followed other scientists closely.
C.They often criticized their fellow scientists.
D.They conducted in-depth and close studies.
6.What could be the most suitable title for the passage?
A.The Possible and the Impossible .
B.The Known and the Unknown .
C.The Civilized and the Uncivilized .
D.The Ignorant and the Intelligent.
【答案】1.A 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.D 6.B
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者和妻子来到了亚马逊，妻子是一名医学研究者。一踏上这里，作者感到非常不适应，通过与当地人的接触，作者了解一些人对外部的世界并不了解。在生物多样性发现的过程中，作者意识到，很多东西是人类已知的，还有很多是人类未知的。
1.推理判断题。根据第一段“We didn’t speak the local language, did not know the customs and more often than not, didn’t entirely recognize the food. We couldn’t have felt more foreign.”可知，我们不会说当地的语言，不了解当地的风俗习惯，而且往往我们不能完全认识食物，我们感觉非常陌生。由此可知，作者一到达亚马逊感觉格格不入。故选A项。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段“Everyone knew the rules. We all spoke the same language of passes and shots. We understood one another perfectly.”可知，每个人都知道规则，在传球和射门方面，我们说着同样的语言，彼此非常了解。由此可知，踢球时他们的彼此理解使得他们的亚马逊夜晚很美好。故选C项。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段“In Juan’s world, the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous.”可知，在胡安的世界里，未知的东西和未被发现的东西是浩瀚而神奇的。由此判断，胡安对这个世界知之甚少。故选B项。
4.推理判断题。根据第七段“I began collecting newspaper articles about new species, new spider...,and on and on they appear, my drawer quickly filled, I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: new cave system discovered with dozens of nameless species ...I started a third drawer for these big discoveries.”可知，我开始收集报纸上关于新物种、新蜘蛛的文章……它们源源不断地出现，我的抽屉很快就填满了。我开始用第二个抽屉来储存更普遍的发现:在新的洞穴系统发现了几十个无名的物种……我还为这些重大发现准备了第三个抽屉。由此判断，作者收集报纸文章的初始目的是为了分类我们所知道的事情。故选A项。
5.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“but they pay more attention to them ,and they focus on them to the point of exhaustion ,and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers.”可知，但他们更多地关注这些发现，他们把注意力集中在这些发现上直到精疲力竭的地步，冒着被同龄人嘲笑的风险。由此可知，杰出的科学家进行深入细致的研究，做出重大的发现。故选D项。
6.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者和妻子来到了亚马逊。一踏上这里，作者感到非常不适应，通过与当地人的接触，作者了解到一些人对外部的世界并不了解。在对这里的风土人情和多样化生物的研究过程中，作者提高了认识，意识到很多东西是人类已知的，还有很多是人类未知的。所以短文的最佳标题为“已知和未知的事物”。故选B项。
2.（2020年，全国卷II）
I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.
My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.
As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
I always read ,using different voices ,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .
Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.
As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.
7.Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child?
A.Cooperative. B.Uneasy. C.Inseparable. D.Casual.
8.What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A.Pleasure from working in the library.
B.Joy of reading passed on in the family.
C.Wonderment from acting out the stories.
D.A closer bond developed with the readers.
9.What does the author call on other writers to do?
A.Sponsor book fairs. B.Write for social media.
C.Support libraries. D.Purchase her novels.
10.Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Reading: A Source of Knowledge
B.My Idea about writing
C.Library: A Haven for the Young
D.My Love of the Library
【答案】7.C 8.B 9.C 10.D
【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。
7.推理判断题。根据第一段的 I was always an enthusiastic reader，sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties. I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.(我一直是一个热情的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本书。故事对我来说就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险)可推断，作者小时候与书是密不可分的。故选C。
8.词句猜测题。根据上文As I grew older and became a mother可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文I had several children and books were our main source (来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them(我有几个孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。
9.细节理解题。根据最后一段的I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.( 我认为所有的作家都应该在他们可以的时候以有意义的方式支持图书馆。鼓励读者使用图书馆。在社交媒体上分享图书馆公告。可以的时候常去图书馆，谈论图书馆)可知，作者呼吁其他的作家们支持图书馆。故选C。
10.主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者，孩提时喜欢阅读，工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。因此推断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述。故D项“我对图书馆的爱”为最佳标题。故选D。
3.（2016年，全国卷I）
Grandparents Answer a Call
As a third－generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never planned to move away.Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children, she politely refused.Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms.Garza finally say yes.That was four years ago.Today all three generations regard the move as a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.
No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing.Even President Obama’s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study by grandparents.com, 83 percent of the people said Mrs.Robinson's decision will influence grandparents in the American family.Two－thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family.
“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn't get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,”says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grand, a magazine for grandparents. “We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when you’re raising children.”
Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead.Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.
11.Why was Garza’s move a success?
A.It strengthened her family ties.
B.It improved her living conditions.
C.It enabled her to make more friends.
D.It helped her know more new places.
12.What was the reaction of the public to Mrs.Robinson’s decision?
A.17% expressed their support for it.
B.Few people responded sympathetically.
C.83% believed it had a bad influence.
D.The majority thought it was a trend.
13.What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?
A.They were unsure of themselves.
B.They were eager to raise more children.
C.They wanted to live away from their parents.
D.They had little respect for their grandparents.
14.What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?
A.Make decisions in the best interests of their own.
B.Ask their children to pay more visits to them.
C.Sacrifice for their struggling children.
D.Get to know themselves better.
【答案】11.A 12.D 13.C 14.A
【解析】本文是一篇关于人与社会问题的报道类夹叙夹议文。通过描述部分祖父母选择搬去和孩子们生活在一起，以便为孩子们提供帮助，引发更多人的选择与思考。
11.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Today all three generations regard the move as a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.”可知这次搬家给他们带来了更紧密的家庭联系。故选A。
12.细节理解题。根据第二段结尾处“...83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson’s decision will influence grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family.”可知83%的人认为Mrs. Robinson的决定会影响美国家庭，2/3的人相信更多家庭会效仿，所以“多数人认为这是一种趋势”。故选D。
13.推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,”可知那时的人们一心希望离家越远越好、越快越好。本题出错主要原因在于考生对“can’t...enough表示越……越好”不熟悉，而按字面理解成了“没能力离家足够远”。故选C。
14.推理判断题。第四段首句“Moving is not for everyone”已经说明“移居并非适合每一个人”，再结合下文“Having yourgrandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.”可知“（祖父母）得知孩子们在异地艰苦的生活，是很难过的，但（祖父母）放弃自己熟悉的生活也许会更难过”，所以推断出作者建议“作选择时要慎重，要以自己最大的需求为衡量标准”。故选A。
4.（2016年，天津卷）
Failure is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has. There is nothing more tiring than not succeeding.
We experience this tiredness in two ways: as start-up fatigue(疲惫) and performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep putting off a task because it has either too boring or too difficult. And the longer we delay it, the more tired we feel.
Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones. The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply: always handle the most difficult job first.
Years ago, I was asked to write 102 essays on the great ideas of some famous authors. Applying my own rule, I determined to write them in alphabetical(按字母顺序), never letting myself leave out a tough idea. And I always started the day’s work with the difficult task of essay-writing. Experience proved that the rule works.
Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Though willing to get started, we cannot seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear so great that, however hard we work, we fail again and again. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can-then let the unconscious take over.
When planning Encyclopaedia Britannica (《大英百科全书》), I had to create a table of contents based on the topics of its articles. Nothing like this had ever been done before, and day after day I kept coming up with solutions, but none of them worked. My fatigue became almost unbearable.
One day, mentally exhausted, I wrote down all the reasons why this problem could not be solved. I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself, not with me. Relived, I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep.
An hour later, I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind. In the weeks that followed, the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind provided correct at every step. Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue. Success was now as exciting as failure had been depressing.
Human beings, I believe must try to succeed. Success, then, means never feeling tired.
15.People with start-up fatigue are most likely to ________.
A.delay tasks B.work hard
C.seek help D.accept failure
16.What does the author recommend doing to prevent start-up fatigue?
A.Writing essays in strict order.
B.Building up physical strength.
C.Leaving out the toughest ideas.
D.Dealing with the hardest task first.
17.On what occasion does a person probably suffer from performance fatigue?
A.Before starting a difficult task.
B.When all the solutions fail.
C.If the job is rather boring.
D.After finding a way out.
18.According to the author, the unconscious mind may help us ________.
A.ignore mental problems B.get some nice sleep
C.gain complete relief D.find the right solution
19.What could be the best title for the passage?
A.Success Is Built upon Failure
B.How to Handle Performance Fatigue
C.Getting over Fatigue: A Way to Success
D.Fatigue: An Early Sign of Health Problems
【答案】15.A 16.D 17.B 18.D 19.C
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要介绍每个人都希望成功，但是人们在实施任务的时候会出现启动疲惫和表现疲惫，这是造成失败的两种原因，文章具体介绍如何克服这两种疲惫。
15.细节理解题。根据第一段的句子In the former case, we keep putting off a task可知，有启动疲惫的人更可能拖延任务。故选A。
16.细节理解题。根据第三段的句子The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply:always handle the most difficult job first可知，为了防止启动疲惫作者建议首先处理最难的任务。故选D。
17.推理判断题。根据第五段的句子Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle…we fail again and again可知，当所有的解决方法都失败的时候，一个人可能会有表现疲惫。故选B。
18.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第一段和倒数第二段的内容可知，无意识的行为可能帮助我们发现正确的解决方法。故选D。
19.主旨大意题。根据全篇文章和最后一段的内容可知，文章主要介绍造成失败的两种疲惫，以及如何克服疲惫。故选C。
5.（2015年，浙江卷）
If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars，we would go in darkness happily，the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead，we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don’t think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it’s the only way to explain what we’ve done to the night: We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences 一 called light pollution 一 whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design，which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky. III-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels 一 and light rhythms — to which many forms of life, including, ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect or life is affected .
In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars, leaving behind a vacant haze(霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark. We’ve grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit nigh, - dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadow on Earth, is wholly beyond our experience, beyond memory almost.
We’ve lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country, when nothing could be further form the truth. Among mammals alone, the number of nocturnal species is astonishing, Light is a powerful biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet(磁铁). The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms. Migrating at night, birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.
Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times righter than normal, throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint including most other creatures ,we do need darkness .Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare, to our internal clockwork, as light itself.
Living in a glare of our making,we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night .In a very real sense light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy arching overhead.
20.According to the passage, human being .
A.prefer to live in the darkness
B.are used to living in the day light
C.were curious about the midnight world
D.had to stay at home with the light of the moon
21.What does “it”(Paragraph 1) most probably refer to?
A.The night. B.The moon
C.The sky D.The planet
22.The writer mentions birds and frogs to .
A.provide examples of animal protection
B.show how light pollution affects animals
C.compare the living habits of both species
D.explain why the number of certain species has declined
23.It is implied in the last paragraph that .
A.light pollution dose harm to the eyesight of animals
B.light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages
C.human beings cannot go to the outer space
D.human beings should reflect on their position in the universe
24.What might be the best title for the passage?
A.The Magic light.
B.The Orange Haze.
C.The Disappearing Night.
D.The Rhythms of Nature.
【答案】20.B 21.A 22.B 23.D 24.C
【解析】文章介绍了光污染对于动物和人类的影响，呼吁我们反思我们的行为。
20.B 细节理解题 根据第一段第三行“ with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light眼睛适应了太阳的光线” 可以知道答案。其中adapted to 和used to 同义，意为习惯于。
21.A 猜词题，对于这种指代的题目，往往答案是最接近它的一个。根据这种原则，不能得出答案是night 夜晚。最后一句话的句意是：但是这是唯一的方法去解释我们对于夜晚做了什么：我们设计了光，让光充满星空。
22.B 写作目的题 根据第二段第一句话” The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences 这项工程带来好处的同时也带来了坏处“和最后一句，“Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect of life is affected“, 此句意为无论光洒在什么地方，生活都会受到一些影响。 所以答案是show how light pollution affects animals说明光污染影响的动物
23.D 推理题，最后一段的意思是” Living in a glare of our making ,we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night .In a very real sense light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy arching overhead.生活在一个刺眼世界，我们已经远离了进化和文化遗产：星星和昼夜节律的光。在一个非常真实的意义上，光污染使我们在宇宙中失去真我，而这些失去的正好就是最好的测量银河系银河深夜的工具。“ 根据语意，不难得出答案是D. human beings should reflect on their position in the universe人类应该反思自己的行为。但此题易错选B，之所以不选B是因为some of 的表达是扩大了说法，以偏概全。
24.C 标题题，根据，文章出现最多的就是light和night, 我们可以知道答案是C。之所以不选A，是因为它所使用的形容词Magic意思是奇幻的，这个单词具有褒义的意思。而C选项的disappearing 是消失的，这符合本文的语境，让我们反思。
6.（2010年，辽宁卷）
It was a village in India. The people were poor. However, they were not unhappy. After all, their forefathers had lived in the same way for centuries.
Then one day, some visitors from the city arrived. They told the villagers there were some people elsewhere who liked to eat frog’s legs. However, they did not have enough frogs of their own, and so they wanted to buy frogs from other places.
This seemed like money for nothing. There were millions of frogs in the fields around, and they were no use to the villagers. All they had to do was catch them. Agreement was reached, and the children were sent into the fields to catch frogs. Every week a truck arrived to collect the catch and hand over the money. For the first time, the people were able to dream of a better future. But the dream didn’t last long.
The change was hardly noticed at first, but it seemed as if the crops were not doing so well. More worrying was that the children fell ill more often, and, there seemed to be more insects around lately.
The villagers decided that they couldn’t just wait to see the crops failing and the children have to use the money earned to buy pesticides(杀虫剂) and medicines. Soon there was no money left.
Then the people realized what was happening. It was the frog. They hadn’t been useless. They had been doing an important job—eating insects. Now with so many frogs killed, the insects were increasing more rapidly. They were damaging the crops and spreading diseases.
Now, the people are still poor. But in the evenings they sit in the village square and listen to sounds of insects and frogs. These sounds of the night now have a much deeper meaning.
27.From paragraph 1 we learn that the villagers __________.
A.worked very hard for centuries
B.were poor but somewhat content (满足的)
C.dreamed of having a better life
D.lived a different life from their forefathers
28.Why did the villagers agree to sell frogs ?
A.The frogs were easy money.
B.They needed money to buy medicine.
C.They wanted to please the visitors.
D.The frogs made too much noise.
29.What might be the cause of the children’s sickness?
A.The crops didn't do well.
B.There were too many insects.
C.The visitors brought in diseases.
D.The pesticides were overused.
30.What can we infer from the last sentence of the text ?
A.Happiness comes from peaceful life in the country.
B.Health is more important than money.
C.The harmony between man and nature is important
D.good old day will never be forgotten
【答案】27.B 28.A 29.B 30.C
【解析】文章主要讲了一个贫穷的村庄，因为有人说青蛙赚钱就把青蛙卖了，结果发现害虫增多，庄稼收成受影响，孩子也容易生病，从而告诉我们人应该与自然和谐相处，不能破坏生态平衡。
27.细节理解题。第一段中有The people were poor. However, they were not unhappy.和B项意思一致，村民们贫穷但是满足。故选B。
28.细节理解题。根据第三段和本段第一句This seemed like money for nothing.句中for nothing是“免费的”意思，说明青蛙容易得到，并能赚到钱，村民才答应买，故选A。
29.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中They had been doing an important job---eating insects. Now with so many frogs killed, the insects were increasing more rapidly. They were damaging the crops and spreading diseases.可知，青蛙一直在做一项重要的工作——吃昆虫。 现在有这么多青蛙被杀了，昆虫增长得更快。 他们破坏了庄稼，传播了疾病。可以推断出庄稼收成不好，孩子生病与青蛙减少，害虫增多有关，故选B。
30.推理判断题。最后一句These sounds of the night now have a much deeper meaning. 现在夜晚的这些声音具有更深刻的意义。该句是一个中介句，说明人们过度捕杀造成生态失衡，由此也影响了人类，因此，可以推断人与自然的和谐是重要，故选C。
7.（2012年，浙江卷）
Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever, even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started. Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country. In fact, according to an official report on youth violence, "In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence". Given that this is the case, why aren't students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?
First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult (侮辱). For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence. The problem isn't in the sandwich, but in the way students deal with the conflict.
Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable, they can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution (解决) stay calm. Once the student feels calmer, he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words, name-calling, and accusation only add fuel to the emotional fir On the other hand, soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.
After both sides have calmed down, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution; listening. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side, and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterward, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker’s position. Then the two people should change roles.
Finally, students need f. consider what they are hearing. This doesn’t mean trying to figure out what's wrong with the other person. It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish. For example, a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things. Students need to ask themselves questions such as these: How did this start? What do I really want? What am I afraid off As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller. Even if it doesn't, careful thought helps both sides figure out a mutual solution.
There will always be conflict in schools, but that doesn’t mean there needs to be violence. After students in Atlanta started a conflict resolution program, according to Educators for Social Responsibility, “64 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom; 75 percent of the teachers reported an increase in student cooperation; and 92 percent of the students felt better about themselves”. Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends, teachers, parents, bosses, and coworkers. In that way, conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country.
31.This article is mainly about _______.
A.the lives of school children B.the cause of arguments in schools
C.how to analyze youth violence D.how to deal with school conflicts
32.From Paragraph 2 we can learn that ________.
A.violence is more likely to occur at lunchtime
B.a small conflict can lead to violence
C.students tend to lose their temper easily
D.the eating habit of a student is often the cause of a fight
33.Why do students need to ask themselves the questions stated in Paragraph 5?
A.To find out who to blame.
B.To get ready to buy new things.
C.To make clear what the real issue is.
D.To figure out how to stop the shouting match.
34.After the conflict resolution program was started in Atlanta, it was found that ______.
A.there was a decrease in classroom violence
B.there was less student cooperation in the classroom
C.more teachers fell better about themselves in schools
D.the teacher-student relationship greatly improved
35.The writer’s purpose for writing this article is to _______.
A.complain about problems in school education
B.teach students different strategies for school life
C.advocate teaching conflict management in schools
D.inform teachers of the latest studies on school violence
【答案】31.D 32.B 33.C 34.A 35.C
【解析】作者在文章中主要探讨了如何让学生正确、冷静处理校园冲突，从而减少校园暴力以及介绍了学生学会解决冲突的益处，最后呼吁全国的各个学校教授学生解决冲突的技能。
31.主旨大意题。文章第一段最后一句Given that this is the ease，why aren't students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems，drive ears，or stay physically fit？(既然这很容易，为什么不教学生如何处理冲突，就像教他们解决数学问题、鼓动耳朵或保持身体健康一样)可知为什么学生们不学会像处理其它问题一样处理冲突。最后一段说conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country(解决冲突是一项基本的生活技能，应该在全国的学校里教授)可知，该文主要介绍了如何帮助学生正确处理校园冲突的方法，所以选D项。
32.推理判断题。从第二段…begin with a relatively minor insult…推知，很多时候校园冲突的起因只是一件小事而已。下面作者所列举的例子也是来说明这一点的，故选B项。
33.推理判断题。从第五段It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish…可知，学生自问问题的关键在于：让学生明白冲突真正的症结所在，而不是只关注对方的过错，由此推断C项是最佳答案。
34.细节理解题。从第六段…64 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom…知，亚特兰大实施了校园冲突解决方案后，肢体上的暴力行为有了较大的减少，而合作上升了，学生们的自我归属感也增强了，所以选A项。
35.推理判断题。从文章中第一段…Given that this is the case…和最后一段In that way, conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught…，并结合全文知，本文作者主要倡导在校园中教授解决冲突的办法，所以选C项。
8.（2012年，天津卷）
You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. “They” did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. “They” are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as “they” are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing(内化)your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others.
Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they don’t let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don’t blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred(神圣的)moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.
Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities, yet their experience of life is worlds apart. Victims relish (沉溺)in anger, guilt, and other emotions that cause others---and even themselves---to feel like victims, too. Creators consciously choose love, inspiration, and other qualities which inspire not only themselves, but all around them. Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives.
In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life.
In every moment and every circumstance, you can choose to have fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are.
36.What does the word “they” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to?
A.People and things around you. B.Opportunities and problems.
C.Creators and their choices. D.Victims and their sufferings.
37.According to Paragraph 2, creators __________.
A.seem willing to experience failures in life
B.possess the ability to predict future life
C.handle ups and downs of life wisely
D.have potential to create something new
38.What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A.Creators and victims face quite different things in life.
B.Creators and victims are masters of their lives.
C.Victims can influence more people than creators.
D.Compared with victims, creators are more emotional.
39.The examples mentioned in Paragraph 4 show that _______________.
A.strong attachment to sufferings in life pulls people into victims.
B.people need family support to deal with challengers in life.
C.it takes creators quite a long time to get rid of their pains.
D.one’s experiences determine his attitude toward life.
40.What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A.To define victims and creators.
B.To evaluate victims against creators.
C.To explain the relationship between victims and creators.
D.To suggest the transformation from victims to creators.
【答案】36.A 37.C 38.B 39.A 40.D
【解析】本文讲述了两种截然不同的人，一种是消极悲观怨天尤人的“受害者”，另一种是积极主动主宰自己命运的“缔造者”。在挫折面前他们表现出不同的态度，作者建议人们要转变心态从命运的“受害者”变成自己命运的主宰者。
36.A推理判断题。从下文叙述可知造成痛苦的是“yourself”或者是“they”，所以they与yourself相对，指除了自己以外的其他人或事。故A选项正确。
37.C细节理解题。文章第二段描叙了那些积极乐观的人们，They believe their dance with each sacred moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth. 由此可知他们对待人生的坎坷起伏的态度是很明智的，C选项正确。
38.B推理判断题。从第三段Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives. 推断可知B选项正确。他们是自己命运的主人，主宰着自己人生的方向。
39.A推理判断题。第四段首句In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives.即为主题句，此后的例子用来作为论据证明此论点，所以A选项正确。
40.D推理判断题。文章讲述了两种人对待挫折困境的不同态度，不同做法，最后提出文章中心即作者的观点you can choose to have a fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are. 所以D选项正确。
9.（2012年，四川卷）
I left university with a good degree in English Literature, but no sense of what I wanted to do. Over the next six years, I was treading water just trying to earn an income. I tried journalism, but I didn’t think I was any good, then finance, which I hated. Finally, I got a job as a rights assistant at a famous publisher. I loved working with books, although the job that I did was dull.
I had enough savings to take a year off work, and I decided to try to satisfy a deep-down wish to write a novel. Attending a Novel Writing MA course gave me the structure I needed to write my first 55,000 words.
It takes confidence to make a new start — there’s a dark period in-between where you’re neither one thing nor the other. You’re out for dinner and people ask what you do, and you’re too ashamed to say, “Well, I’m writing a novel, but I’m not quite sure if I’m going to get there.” My confidence dived. Believing my novel could not be published ,
I put it aside.
Then I met an agent（代理商）who said I should send my novel out to agents. So, I did and, to my surprise, got some wonderful feedback. I felt a little hope that I might actually become a published writer and, after signing with an agent, I finished the second half of the novel.
The next problem was finding a publisher. After two-and-a-half years of no income, just waiting and wondering, a publisher offered me a book deal — that publisher turned out to be the one I once worked for.
It feels like an unbelievable stroke of luck — of fate, really. When you set out to do something different, there’s no end in sight, so to find myself in a position where I now have my own name on a contract of the publisher — to be a published writer — is unbelievably rewarding.
41.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 mean?
A.I was waiting for good fortune.
B.I was trying to find an admirable job.
C.I was being aimless about a suitable job.
D.I was doing several jobs for more pay at a time.
42.The author decided to write a novel ______ .
A.to finish the writing course
B.to realize her own dream
C.to satisfy readers’ wish
D.to earn more money
43.How did the writer feel halfway with the novel?
A.Disturbed. B.Ashamed. C.Confident. D.Uncertain.
44.What does the author mainly want to tell readers in the last paragraph?
A.It pays to stick to one’s goal.
B.Hard work can lead to success.
C.She feels like being unexpectedly lucky.
D.There is no end in sight when starting to do something.
【答案】41.C 42.B 43.D 44.A
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章中主人公作者是一个有着英语文学学位的毕业生，但对自己做什么工作在开始的时候很迷茫，做了一段时间的记者，后来又到出版商那里工作，后来有了足够的积蓄暂停了工作去搞写作，开始时对自己的写作并没有足够的信心，见了一次出版商，把自己的作品送了过去结果得到了好的反馈，从而增加了信心，最终幸运地找到自己喜爱的写作这种职业，并最终取得了成功。作者通过自己的故事想告诉我们坚持自己的目标就会得到回报。
41.词句猜测题。根据第一段but no sense of what I wanted to do. I tried journalism, but I didn’t think I was any good, then finance, which I hated,可知，但不知道我想做什么。我尝试过新闻工作，但我认为自己一点也不是很擅长，然后是我讨厌的金融。由此推之第一段划线部分是指作者漫无目的地寻找一份合适自己的工作。故选C项。
42.细节理解题。根据第二段的"I decided to try to satisfy a deep-down wish to write a novel"可知作者决定写小说的目的只是满足自己内心深处的愿望，实现自己的梦想说明写作是他一直以来的梦想，故选B项。
43.推理判断题。根据文章第三段最后一句My confidence dived. Believing my novel could not be published, I put it aside可知，我的信心下降了。我相信我的小说不能出版，就把它放在了一边。由关键词“dived，put it aside”此判断出作者写这本小说写到一半时对自己的小说很不确定。故选D项。
44.推理判断题。根据最后一段When you set out to do something different, there’s no end in sight, so to find myself in a position where I now have my own name on a contract(合同)of the publisher—to be a published writer—is unbelievably rewarding(有回报的)可知，当你开始做一些不同的事情时，是看不到尽头的，以至于陷于困境，但是作者摆脱了困境，成为了一名出版作家，这是令人难以置信的回报。所以通过作者的叙述可以判断出，作者在最后一段想告诉读者，只要坚持自己的目标，努力是一定会有回报的。故选A项。
10.（2009年，湖北卷）
When I was seven my father gave me a Timex, my first watch. I loved it, wore it for years, and haven’t had another one since it stopped ticking a decade ago. Why? Because I don’t need one. I have a mobile phone and I’m always near someone with an iPod or something like that. All these devices（装置）tell the time — which is why, if you look around, you’ll see lots of empty wrists; sales of watches to young adults have been going down since 2007.
But while the wise have realized that they don’t need them, others—apparently including some distinguished men of our time—are spending total fortunes on them. Brands such as Rolex, Patek Philippe and Breitling command shocking prices, up to ￡250,000 for a piece.
This is ridiculous. Expensive cars go faster than cheap cars. Expensive clothes hang better than cheap clothes. But these days all watches tell the time as well as all other watches. Expensive watches come with extra functions — but who needs them? How often do you dive to 300 metres into the sea or need to find your direction in the area around the South Pole? So why pay that much of five years’ school fees for watches that allow you to do these things?
If justice were done, the Swiss watch industry should have closed down when the Japanese discovered how to make accurate watches for a five-pound note. Instead the Swiss reinvented the watch, with the aid of millions of pounds’ worth of advertising, as a message about the man wearing it. Rolexes are for those who spend their weekends climbing icy mountains; a Patek Philippe is for one from a rich or noble family; a Breitling suggests you like to pilot planes across the world.
Watches are now classified as “investments”（投资）. A 1994 Patek Philippe recently sold for nearly ￡350,000, while 1960s Rolexes have gone from ￡15,000 to ￡30,000 plus in a year. But a watch is not an investment. It’s a toy for self-satisfaction, a matter of fashion. Prices may keep going up—they’ve been rising for 15 years. But when fashion moves on, the owner of that ￡350,000 beauty will suddenly find his pride and joy is no more a good investment than my childhood Timex.
45.The sales of watches to young people have fallen because they______.
A.have other devices to tell the time B.think watches too expensive
C.prefer to wear an iPod D.have no sense of time
46.It seems ridiculous to the writer that ______.
A.people dive 300 metres into the sea
B.expensive clothes sell better than cheap ones
C.cheap cars don’t run as fast as expensive ones
D.expensive watches with unnecessary functions still sell
47.What can be learnt about Swiss watch industry from the passage?
A.It targets rich people as its potential customers.
B.It’s hard for the industry to beat its competitors.
C.It wastes a huge amount of money in advertising.
D.It’s easy for the industry to reinvent cheap watches.
48.Which would be the best title for the passage?
A.Timex or Rolex? B.My Childhood Timex
C.Watches? Not for Me! D.Watches — a Valuable Collection
【答案】45.A 46.D 47.A 48.C
【解析】
45.细节判断题。根据第1段All these devices tell the time …sales of watches to young adults have been going down可知面向年轻人销售的手表销售额下降主要是因为很多设备都能报时。
46.推理判断题。根据第2段，既然很多设备都能报时，人们还花费很多钱购买那些拥有一些新的但并不实用的功能的世界名表，这显得很荒谬，应选择D才符合作者的意思。
47.推理判断题。根据第4段he Swiss reinvented the watch, with the aid of millions of pounds’worth of advertising, as a message about the man wearing it.可知瑞士表工业主要是针对有钱人。
48.主旨大意题。本文讲述在现代许多移动设备都能报时的前提下，还花费很多钱购买名表究竟是否合适，因此选择C“手表？我不要！”为标题较为形象生动也很贴切。A“天美时还是劳力士”，B“我的孩童时代的天美时”，D“手表—昂贵的选择”都不符合文章主题。
11.（2009年，广东卷）
A few years ago I had an “aha!” moment regarding handwriting.
I had in my hand a sheet of paper with handwritten instructions on it for some sort of editorial task. It occurred at first that I did not recognize the handwriting，and then I realized whose it must be. I finally became aware of the fact that I had been working with this colleague for at least a year，maybe two，and yet I did not recognize her handwriting at that point.
It was a very important event in the computerization of life—a sign that the informal. Friendly communication of people working together in an office had changed from notes in pen to instant messages and emails. There was a time when our workdays were filled with little letters，and we recognized one another's handwriting the way we knew voices or faces.
As a child visiting my father’s office，1 was pleased to recognize，in little notes on the desks of his staff，the same handwriting 1 would see at home in the notes he would leave on the fridge—except that those notes were signed “dad” instead of “RFW”.
All this has been on my mind because of the talk about The Rise and Fall of Handwriting，a book by Florey. Sire shows in her book a deep concern about the fall of handwriting and the failure of schools to teach children to write well，but many others argue that people in a digital age can’t be expected to learn to hold a pen.
I don’t buy it.
I don’t want to see anyone cut off from the expressive，personal associations that a pen still promotes better than a digital keyboard does. For many a biographer，part of really getting to know their subjects is learning to read their handwriting.
What some people advocate is teaching one of the many attractive handwritings based on the handwriting of 16th-century Italy. That may sound impossibly grand—as if they want kids to learn to draw by copying classical paintings. However，they have worked in many school systems.
49.Why was the author surprised at not recognizing his colleague’s handwriting?
A.He had worked with his colleague long enough.
B.His colleague’s handwriting was SO beautiful.
C.His colleague’s handwriting was SO terrible.
D.He still had a 1ot of Work to do.
50.People working together in an office used to ____________.
A.talk more about handwriting
B.take more notes on workdays
C.know better one another's handwriting
D.communicate better with one another
51.The author’s father wrote notes in pen _________.
A.to both his family and his staff B.to his family in small letters
C.to his family on the fridge D.to his staff on the desk
52.According to the author，handwritten notes _______.
A.are harder to teach in schools
B.attract more attention
C.are used only between friends
D.carry more message
53.We can learn from the passage that the author __________.
A.thinks it impossible to teach handwriting
B.does not want to lose handwriting
C.puts the blame on the computer
D.does not agree with Florey
【答案】49.A 50.C 51.A 52.D 53.B
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，通过一时辨认不出一位老同事的字迹及其回顾，对在电脑冲击下，书法受忽视感到惋惜，并认为中小学应当加强书法教学。
49.细节理解题。由第二段最后一句I had been working with this colleague for at least a year, maybe two, and yet I did not recognize her handwriting可知。
50.由第三段“There was a time when our workdays were filled with little letters, and we recognized one another’s handwriting the way we knew voices or faces”可知
51.细节理解题。由第四段I was pleased to recognize… his staff…the same I would see at home…可知。
52.推理判断题。由倒数第二段第一句the expressive, personal associations that a pen still promotes better than a digital keyboard does可知。
53.推理判断题。由最后一段可推知。
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