2021年高考英语全国专用考前三个月课件：专题一 阅读理解 满分方略 第三步 题型突破（十三）

这是一份2021年高考英语全国专用考前三个月课件：专题一 阅读理解 满分方略 第三步 题型突破（十三），共39页。
A(2017·北京海淀区零模)The Diet Zne：A Dangerus PlaceDiet Cke，diet Pepsi，diet pills，n-fat diet，vegetable are surrunded by the wrd “diet” everywhere we lk and listen.We have s easily been attracted by the prmise and ptential f diet prducts that we have stpped thinking abut what diet prducts are ding t us.We are paying fr prducts that harm us psychlgically and physically(身体上).
题型突破(十三)　 文章结构之篇章结构题
Diet prducts significantly weaken us psychlgically.On ne level，we are nt allwing ur brain t admit that ur weight prblems lie nt in actually lsing the weight，but in cntrlling the cnsumptin f fatty，high-calrie，unhealthy fds.Diet prducts allw us t jump ver the thinking stage and g straight fr the scale (秤) instead.All we have t d is t swallw r recgnize the wrd “diet” in fd labels.On anther level，diet prducts have greater psychlgical effects.Every time we have a zer-calrie drink，we are telling urselves withut ur awareness that we dn’t have t wrk t get results.Diet prducts make peple believe that gain cmes withut pain，and that life can be withut resistance and struggle.
The danger f diet prducts lies nt nly in the psychlgical effects they have n us，but als in the physical harm that they cause.Diet fds can indirectly harm ur bdies because cnsuming them instead f healthy fds means we are preventing ur bdies frm having basic nutrients(营养成分).Diet fds and diet pills cntain zer calrie nly because the diet industry has created chemicals t prduce these wnder prducts.Diet prducts may nt be nutritinal，and the chemical that ges int diet prducts are ptentially dangerus.
Nw that we are aware f the effects that diet prducts have n us，it is time t seriusly think abut buying them.Lsing weight lies in the pwer f minds，nt in the pwer f chemicals.Once we realize this，we will be much better able t resist diet prducts，and therefre prevent the psychlgical harm that cmes frm using them.语篇解读　本文是一篇社会生活类文章，主要介绍了减肥产品不仅不能帮助我们减肥，反而还会对我们造成伤害，我们应该通过决心去减肥，向减肥产品说“不”。
1.Frm Paragraph 1，we learn that prducts fail t bring ut peple’s ptentialB.peple have difficulty in chsing diet prductsC.diet prducts are misleading pepleD.peple are fed up with diet prducts
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“We have s easily been attracted by the prmise and ptential f diet prducts that we have stpped thinking abut what diet prducts are ding t us.”可知，减肥产品正在误导人们。故C项正确。
2.One psychlgical effect f diet prducts is that peple tend t ut a variety f diet fdsB.hesitate befre they enjy diet fdsC.pay attentin t their wn eating habitsD.watch their weight rather than their diet
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句“On ne level，we are ”可知，减肥产品让人们只关注体重而不关注饮食。故D项正确。
3.In Paragraph 3，the underlined sentence “gain cmes withut pain” prbably means weight is effrtlessB.it csts a lt t lse weightC.diet prducts bring n painD.diet prducts are free frm calries
解析　句意猜测题。根据第三段中的“Every time we have a zer-calrie drink，we are telling urselves withut ur awareness that we dn’t have t wrk t get results.Diet prducts make peple believe that gain cmes withut pain，and that life can be withut resistance and struggle.”可知，减肥产品让我们相信不用付出努力和坚持就可以减肥，由此可知画线部分的意思是“减肥是毫不费力的”。故A项正确。
4.Which f the fllwing shws the structure f the passage?
CP：Central Pint　　 　　　 P：PintSP：Sub-pint(次要点)　　　　 C：Cnclusin
解析　篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段提出问题即减肥产品对人们的身体和心理都会造成伤害；第二、三段从两个方面介绍了减肥产品对人心理上的影响；第四段与第二、三段并列提出的是减肥产品对人身体上的危害；第五段得出结论。故B项正确。
B(2017·北京海淀区期末)There is n dubt eCmmerce is grwing，and it will cntinue t grw.Hwever，physical stres wuld nt die as a result f the rise f eCmmerce，at least nt in the near future.The idea that eCmmerce is taking ver physical stres has already misguided many peple.Physical stres are far frm vanishing，and there are sme slid reasns fr it.
The prjectins fr nline spending is ptimistic with 150 billin expected t be spent in the cming three years，yet we are als expecting 300 billin in spending at physical stres in the same duratin.D yu still think that physical-stre shpping is t small t sustain the eCmmerce blw? Even thugh cnsumers are staying away frm physical stres that fllw lder cncepts，yet we are seeing the rise f fresh cncept stres all arund the US.We are seeing innvative and attractive success stries f physical stres，ranging frm clthes stres t restaurants t health spas.It wuld be easy t assume that this trend will cntinue.
Indeed，many shpping malls are dying，yet there are still thse shpping centers that are perfrming well.Yu can see this fr yurself by visiting shpping malls near yu.What I want t emphasize here is that nt all shpping centers are made equal，just like nt all eCmmerce retailers are made equal.Bth shpping malls and eCmmerce sites can lse business if they fail t maintain prductivity thrugh imprvements and innvatins.When yu visit shpping centers that are serius abut their business，yu wuld see their shps and parking lts packed.
On the ther hand，even e-tailers like Amazn have experimented with pp-up shpping cncepts.It is imprtant t bear in mind that cnsumers prefer face-t-face interactins instead f nline interactins during shpping，meaning that physical stres are ging t stay there.Still，eCmmerce retailers are seeing all f their excitement disappear as they settle the sales tax prblem assciated with e-tailing.As f nw，five states f America have already impsed sales tax n purchases thrugh eCmmerce sites，and e-tailers in thse states have already witnessed 6 t 12 percent decrease in sales.
This reinfrces the fact that physical stres are here t stay，and if yu are still undervaluing their grwth，yu are mitting a huge chunk f the retail representatin.语篇解读　文章论述了网店的兴起是否会导致实体店的消亡。作者从各个角度出发，来证明自己的观点。
5.The underlined wrd “prjectins” in Paragraph 2 prbably means “ ” D.predictins
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“The prjectins fr nline spending is ptimistic with 150 billin expected t be spent in the cming three years，yet we are als expecting 300 billin in spending at physical stres in the same duratin.”由句中的“in the cming three years”可知，画线词的意思是“预测”，故选D。
6.What can we infer frm the passage?A.E-tailers are mre creative cncepts help build gd cnsumers will visit physical stres can’t stand the blw f eCmmerce.
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段倒数第二句“Bth shpping malls and eCmmerce sites can lse business if they fail t maintain prductivity thrugh imprvements and innvatins.”可知，选B。
7.What is the best title fr this passage?A.Is Offline Spending Greater than Online Spending?B.Online Stres VS Physical Stres—What’s the Difference?C.Will Physical Stres Replace ECmmerce in the Near Future?D.Des ECmmerce Success Mean Physical Stres Will Disappear?
解析　标题归纳题。根据全文内容，尤其最后一段可知，D项符合题意。
8.Which f the fllwing shws the develpment f the passage?
CP：Central Pint　　　　P：PintSP：Sub-pint(次要点)　　 C：Cnclusin
解析　篇章结构题。文章第一段首先提出中心论点，然后提出两个分论点，再对每个分论点进行阐述，最后得出结论，纵观全文，可知C项正确。
C(2017·河北衡水中学调研)The sharing ecnmy，represented by cmpanies like Airbnb r Uber，is the latest fashin craze.But many supprters have verlked the reality that this new business mdel is largely based n escaping regulatins and breaking the law.Airbnb is an Internet-based service that allws peple t rent ut spare rms t strangers fr shrt stays.Uber is an Internet taxi service that allws thusands f peple t answer ride requests with their wn cars.There are hundreds f ther such services.
The gd thing abut the sharing ecnmy is that it prmtes the use f underused resurces.Millins f peple have huses r apartments with empty rms，and Airbnb allws them t prfit frm these rms while allwing guests a place t stay at prices that are ften far less than thse charged by htels.Uber ffers prices that are cmpetitive with standard taxi prices and their drivers are ften much quicker and mre trustwrthy.But the dwnside f the sharing ecnmy has gtten much less attentin.Mst cities and states bth tax and regulate htels，and the turists wh stay in htels are usually an imprtant surce f tax incme.But many f Airbnb’s custmers are nt paying the taxes required under the law.
Airbnb can als raise issues f safety fr its custmers and truble fr hsts’ neighbrs.Htels are regularly inspected t ensure that they are nt fire traps and that they dn’t frm ther risks fr visitrs.Airbnb hsts face n such inspectins.Since Airbnb is allwing peple t escape taxes and regulatins，the cmpany is simply prmting thefts.Others in the ecnmy will lse by bearing an additinal tax burden r being frced t live next t an apartment unit with a never-ending series f nisy visitrs.
The same stry may apply with Uber.Uber is currently in disputes ver whether its cars meet the safety and insurance requirements impsed n standard taxis.Als，if Uber and related services fld the market，they culd harm all taxi drivers’ ability t earn a minimum wage.This dwnside f the sharing needs t be taken seriusly，but that desn’t mean the current tax and regulatry structure is perfect.语篇解读　文章讲述了共享经济的利弊与发展。
9.What is the psitive thing abut the sharing ecnmy?A.It is a glbal is beynd draws n spare brings in mdest prfits.
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The gd thing abut the sharing ecnmy is that it prmtes the use f underused resurces.”可知，共享经济模式的一大好处是促进闲置资源的利用。故选C。
10.What is the prblem with Airbnb custmers accrding t the passage?A.They are nt regularly are likely t cmmit are allwed nt t pay can be nisy t hsts’ neighbrs.
解析　细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Airbnb can als raise issues f safety fr its custmers and truble fr hsts’ neighbrs.”可知选D。
11.What is the argument ver Uber accrding t the passage?A.Whether it guarantees custmers’ it prvides reliable it lwers custmers’ it can cmpete with standard taxis.
解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句“Uber is currently in disputes ver whether its cars meet the safety and insurance requirements impsed n standard taxis.”可知对Uber的争议在于它的安全性，故选A。
12.What will be talked abut in the fllwing paragraphs?A.Existing regulatins and imprvements f current develpment f Airbnb and dwnsides f Airbnb and Uber.
解析　篇章结构题。根据最后一段“This dwnside f the sharing needs t be taken seriusly，but that desn’t mean the current tax and regulatry structure is perfect.”可知文章最后讲到共享经济的缺陷在于当前纳税及监管机构的不完善，故下文会接着谈这个问题，故选B。
D(2017·江西南昌二中月考)Stckhlm’s street magazine sellers n lnger nly take cash—they nw take cards t.“Mre and mre sellers were telling us that peple wanted ur magazine but weren’t carrying cash，” says Pia Stlt，the magazine’s publisher.“S with the help f a lcal cmputer cmpany，we came up with a way t accept payment electrnically.”
“We didn’t knw hw it wuld turn ut，r whether peple wuld be unwilling t give the credit card infrmatin t a stranger n the street，” says Stlt，“but the results have been great—sales are up 59%.”“Swedes are pretty trusting and we’re used t taking up new technlgy s this was the perfect slutin，” adds Stlt.“The cashless sciety campaign we’re seeing in Sweden is definitely a gd mve as far as we are cncerned—it’s unstppable.”Banks and stres invested heavily in card payment systems in the 1990s and nw lcal cnsumers are using them in huge numbers.Tday，fur ut f five purchases are made electrnically in Sweden and ging ttally cash-free is the next step.
Sweden’s public transprt system has already been cashless fr several years，after lcal public transprt wrkers cmplained that handling cash had becme dangerus.“Bus drivers were getting attacked fr their mney s Sweden banned cash n public transprt，” says Arn Arvidssn，the president f Cashless，an rganizatin supprting the mve t a cash-free sciety.“There were als a number f bank rbberies，s fur years ag，the banks began t mve away frm cash.Nw，all f Sweden’s big banks perate cash free wherever pssible，and the number f bank rbberies is at a 30-year lw.”
There is，hwever，cncern abut hw well Sweden’s 1.8 millin pensiners—ut f a ttal ppulatin f 10 millin—will adapt.“A lt f elderly peple feel excluded，” says Jhanna Hallen f the Swedish Natinal Pensiners’ Organizatin.“Only 50% f lder peple use cash cards regularly and 7% never use cash cards.S we want the gvernment t take things slwly.”The digital payment revlutin is als a challenge fr turists，wh need pre-paid tickets r a Swedish mbile t catch a bus in the capital.“There’s a wrry abut crime and theft as well，” says Arvidssn.“Figures shw that cmputer-related credit card crime has almst dubled in the last decade.”语篇解读　本文主要讲电子支付的应用、优点及使用过程中出现的问题。
13.The demand fr a cashless public transprt system first came frm cmpanies t reduce their cstsB.banks s they culd increase their prfitsC.transprt wrkers t prtect their safetyD.the gvernment t imprve transprt times
解析　细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Sweden’s public transprt system has already been cashless fr several years，after lcal public transprt wrkers cmplained that handling cash had becme dangerus.”可知，首先提出在交通系统中使用电子支付的是那些交通部的工人，他们是为了保护自身的安全。故选C。
14.Why des Jhanna Hallen think the cashless sciety shuld be intrduced slwly?A.She wrries that cmputer-related crime will is cncerned abut the incnvenience t freign believes that it’s nt easy fr lder peple t get used t feels it is everyne’s right t be able t use cash if they wish.
解析　推理判断题。根据第六段中的“‘A lt f elderly peple feel excluded，’ says Jhanna Hallen f the Swedish Natinal Pensiners’ Organizatin.‘Only 50% f lder peple use cash cards regularly and 7% never use cash cards.S we want the gvernment t take things slwly.’”可知，她认为对老年人来说，适应它并不容易。故选C。
15.What infrmatin is mst likely t fllw the last paragraph?A.Sme pssible slutins t the prblems f a cashless reasns fr the change in custmers’ attitudes t benefits a cashless sciety will bring t difficulties peple face in a cashless sciety.
解析　篇章结构题。文章最后一段讲的是电子支付所产生的问题，由此可知接下来就会讲述如何解决这些问题或提出一些有效的办法回避这些问题。故选A。