高中人教版 (新课标)必修5Unit 1 Great Scientists教案设计
展开www.ks5u.comPeriod 5 Grammar
The General Idea of This Period
This is the fifth period, which will center on the grammar: using the past participle as the attribute and the predicative. At the beginning of this period, the teacher should give the students some time to go over what they learned in the last period.
Later the teacher had better present some sentences containing the past participle used as the attribute and the predicative on purpose by asking the students to do some exercises. Get the students to find all the sentences containing the past participle in the two passages. After finding them, the teacher can ask the students to analyze them and understand the function of the past participle in those sentences. After that the teacher should give the students clear explanations about the usage of the grammar.
After mastering the rules of the past participle, the students should be given more exercises to consolidate what they learn. The teacher should arrange some activities carefully and creatively. First let them do some simple exercises. For example, combine the two sentences using the past participle as the attribute and the predicative. Then ask them to make some sentences using the past participle.
Besides that, the teacher should help the students to review the other usages of the past participle. In the end, let them write a passage using the past participle properly.
Apart from the usage of the past participle, the teacher had better make the students understand the differences between the past participle and the present participle. In order to have the students master it, the teacher should choose some exercises to supply the students with some problems to deal with. By doing and practicing more, the students may master the grammar.
Teaching Important Point
To learn about the past participle used as the attribute and the predicative.
Teaching Difficulty
To know the differences between the past participle and the present participle.
Teaching Aids
Multi-media classroom and other normal teaching tools.
Three Dimensional Teaching Aims
Knowledge Aim
To learn about the past participle used as the attribute and the predicative.
Ability Aim
To use the past participle used as the attribute and the predictive freely and properly in speaking and writing.
Emotional Aims
Encourage the students learn more about the grammar.
Help the students to form the good habit in learning.
Encourage the students to do more exercises to consolidate their knowledge.
Teaching Procedure
Step 1 Greeting
T: Hello, my friends.
Ss: Hello, Miss...
Step 2 Revision
T: Do you still remember what you learned in this unit? Would you please say something about the great scientists we learned in this unit. First please something about John Snow.
S: John snow, a well-known doctor in London, defeated cholera.
S: He got interested in two theories explaining how cholera killed people.
S: John Snow gathered the information and marked it on a map where all the dead people had lived.
S: He discovered that many of the deaths were near the water. It seemed the water was to blame.
Ss: ...
T: You really did a very good job. Now, let’s say something about Nicolaus Copernicus.
S1: Nicolaus Copernicus believed that the earth is not the centre of the solar system. But at that time people all believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system.
S2: In 1514 he showed his theory privately to his friends and explained his theory.
S3: He was very cautious because he did not want to be attacked by the Christian church.
S4: He published his theory as he lay dying in 1543.
S5: His theory was rejected by the Christian Church.
Step 3 Presentation
T: Today we will learn the grammar—past participle used as the attribute and the predicative. First look at your text on Page 4, part I. Look at the following sentences where the past participles are used.
T: In this sentence the past participle is used as an attribute phrase. Terrified people means people who were terrified. Now please find two more examples from the reading passages with past participles used as the attribute. You are allowed to find as many sentences as possible in two minutes.
(Two minutes later, ask the students to report what they have found.)
S1: From the stomach the disease attacked the body quickly and soon the affected person was dead.
S2: Immediately John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the water pump so it could not be used.
S3: John Snow suggested that the source of all water supplies be examined and new methods of dealing with polluted water be found.
S4: He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system.
T: Good. You just found all the sentences containing the past participles used as the attributes. Besides using as the attribute, the past participles can also be used as the predicative. Can you find the sentences with past participles used as the predicative? Finish it in two minutes.
(Two minutes later, let the students read these sentences with past participles as the predicative.)
S1: Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood.
S2: He knew it would never be controlled until its cause was found.
S3: He got interested in two theories explaining how cholera killed people.
S4: They were given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the Broad Street pump.
S5: He found that it came from the river, which had been polluted by the dirty water from London.
S6: Immediately John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the water pump so it could not be used.
...
Step 4 Practising
T: From the sentences mentioned just now, what do you know about the usage of past participles as the attribute and the predicative?
S: We use past participles as attributes when we want to join two clauses together.
T: Yes, very good. Now let’s look at the screen and finish the exercises quickly.
Past Participle as the Attribute | Past Participle as the Predicative |
1.terrified people 2.reserved seats 3.polluted water 4.a crowded room 5.a pleased winner 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. | 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.children who look astonished 7.a vase that is broken 8.a door that is closed 9.the audience who feel tired 10.an animal that is trapped |
Suggested answers:
1.people who are terrified 2.seats which are reserved 3.water which is polluted 4.a room which is crowded 5.a winner who is pleased 6.astonished children 7.a broken vase 8.a closed door 9.the tired audience 10.a trapped animal
过去分词作定语, 在语态上, 表被动; 在时间上, 表示动作已经发生或完成, 与它所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。过去分词作定语时, 所修饰的名词在逻辑上相当于被动句中的主语, 过去分词相当于谓语。如:
The destroyed house will be rebuilt next year.
这种情况下的过去分词为及物动词的过去分词。 不及物动词的过去分词很少能单独作前置定语, 少数表示状态改变或位置转移的动词的过去分词可前置, 仅表示时间的完成, 无被动意义。而现在分词表示动作正在进行。如:
falling leaves正在下落的树叶 a developing country发展中国家 the boiling water沸水
fallen leaves落叶 a developed country发达国家 the boiled water(凉）开水
T: Besides this, the past participle can be put after the noun to modify the noun form, for example, The famous writer’s play, mentioned in one of my books, was published in 1963. Do you understand the sentence?
S: The famous writer’s play, which was mentioned in one of my books, was published in 1963.
T: Yes, very good. In this sentence we can get two pieces of information. A: The famous writer’s play was published in 1963. B: The play was mentioned in one of my books. Now, let’s do some exercises to combine two sentences together using past participle as the attribute.
1.This is one of the questions. It was discussed at the meeting yesterday.
S: It is one of the questions discussed at the meeting yesterday.
T: His letter was addressed to the wrong number. It reached me late.
S: His letter, addressed to the wrong number, reached me late.
T: The students didn’t know how to answer it. They were surprised at the way the question was put.
S: The students, surprised at the way the question was put, didn’t know how to answer it.
T: The audience all voiced support for the suggestion. They were moved by his speech.
S: The audience, moved by his speech, all voiced support for his suggestion.
T: Basketball is now an interesting sport. It was first played in the USA.
S: Basketball, first played in the USA, is now an interesting sport.
T: Well done.
注意下面过去分词作定语的几种情况:
1.单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。如: the terrified people, the polluted water, the astonished people。
单个分词也可以作后置定语, 用以强调动作。如:
They decided to change the material used.他们决定更换使用的材料。
2.过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面, 作后置定语, 其作用相当于一个定语从句。如: The man chosen mayor of the city received a Doctor’s Degree of Engineering.
3.如被修饰的词是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等, 分词放在被修饰词的后面。如: Do you have anything unfinished?
4.单个过去分词前加一名词或副词, 常用连字符将它们连接起来构成一个复合形容词, 放 在其修饰的名词前, 作前置定语。分词前加的名词表示分词的动作或行为主体, 所加的副词表示方式、时间、程度、性质等意义。如: a newly-born baby, a well-known doctor。
T: Now let’s come to the past participle used as the predicative. Generally speaking the past participle used as the predicative shows the state the subject remains.(过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。) eg: I was surprised to find that such great changes had taken place in the college.
Now look at the screen. Finish the exercises quickly.
1. He got__________ about losing the money.
2. Why do you always look so __________?Do you sleep well these days?
3. I was__________ with the film I saw last night. I had expected it to be better.
4. Everybody was__________ to hear the death of the famous film star.
5. The children are really__________ about going to the zoo.
6. His wound became__________ with a new virus.
Suggested answers:
1.worried 2.tired 3.disappointed 4.astonished 5.excited 6.infected
T: Well done.
Step 5 Further Practising
T: Now let’s do some exercises.
1. The Olympic Games, __________(play) in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.
2. Cleaning women in big cities get __________ (pay) by the hour.
3. Most of the people __________ (invite)to the party didn’t turn up because of the heavy rain.
4. Who is the man __________ (talk)to our headmaster?
5. The professor __________ (pay) a visit to our school is from Beijing University.
6. The__________ (die) man was immediately taken to hospital.
7. The soldiers got off the truck and moved the __________ (fall) tree away from the high way.
8. We __________ (surprise) to find that few of the students did the experiment well.
Suggested answers:
1～8: played, paid, invited, talking, paying, dying, fallen, surprised
Step 6 Consolidation
T: In this period, we mainly focus on the past participle used as the attribute and the predicative. After class, would you please write a passage containing past participles and present participles, which shows that you have known how to use past participles properly? Besides, you will also have to finish the exercises on Page 44 Ex 1-2 using the past participle.
The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 1 Great scientists
Period 5 Grammar
Past participles used as the attribute | Past participles used as the predicative |
1. It is one of the questions discussed at the meeting yesterday. 2. His letter, addressed to the wrong number, reached me late. 3. The audience, moved by his speech, all voiced support for his suggestion.] 4. Basketball, first played in the USA, is now an interesting sport. | 1. He got worried about losing the money. 2. Why do you always look so tired? 3. I was disappointed with the film I saw last night. I had expected it to be better. 4. Everybody was astonished to hear the death of the famous film star. 5.The children are really excited about going to the zoo. |
Research and Activities
Suppose you are mayor of Wuxi. Find out measures to stop pollution. Please use the past participle as the attribute and the predicative.
Nowadays everyone in Wuxi is worried about the environment. The air is polluted. The water is polluted. We can not breathe the polluted air any more. Let’s take action—Students should use their imagination and creativity to continue the writing.
Reference for Teaching
现在分词和过去分词的区别
现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于: 现在分词表示“主动和进行”, 过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动, 只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。
1.单个分词作定语一般放在被修饰之前（有些单个过去分词作宾语时, 也可放在被修饰词之后）, 如: 分词短语作定语一般放在被修饰词之后, 有时可用定语从句代替。单个分词作前置定语表示被修饰词所发出的动作, 即分词动作的逻辑主语是它修饰的词。如:
The exciting news that Chinese athletes won over 20 gold medals in Sydney 2000 Olympic Games inspired all of us.（单个现在分词作前置定语, 表示被修饰词所发出的动作, 即The news was exciting.）
The building lying on the west of the sea cost some 20 000 000 dollars.（现在分词短语作后置定语, 相当于一个定语从句that lies）
现在分词表示主动的动作或正在进行的主动动作, 如: boiling water, the rising sun, developing country; 过去分词表示被动动作或已完成的动作, 如: boiled water, the risen sun, developed country。
2.分词作后置定语应注意:
(1) 现在分词表示的动作:
①一个正在进行的动作, 如:
Can you see the ship disappearing (that is disappearing) in the distance?
②表示将来的动作, 如:
Can you tell me the number of people coming to the party (who will come to the party)?
③表示某个经常性的动作或状态, 如;
The girl looking after (who looks after) Harry’s children gets 200 dollars a week.
(2) 过去分词表示的动作:
①发生在谓语动词的动作之前, 如:
Is this the book written (that was written) by Henry James?
②与句中谓语动词是相应的经常性的动作, 如:
He was then a professor respected (that was respected) by all the teachers and students of the college.
③being+过去分词结构表示动作正在进行, 如:
The 65-storeyed building being built (that is being built) will be run by a US company.
正在建设的那座65层大楼将由一家美国公司经营。
④to be+过去分词结构表示一个将来动作, 如:
He was invited to the conference to be held (that will be held) in Shanghai in May 2001.
分词前置
We can see the rising sun.我们可以看到东升的旭日。
He is a retired worker.他是位退休的工人。
分词后置 (i.分词词组; ii.个别分词如given, left; iii.修饰不定代词 something等)
There was a girl sitting there.有个女孩坐在那里。
This is the question given.这是所给的问题。
There is nothing interesting.没有有趣的东西。
过去分词作定语
与其修饰的词是被动关系, 相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.
Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.
典型例题
1) The first textbook __________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A.have written
B.to be written
C.being written
D.written
解析：书与写作是被动关系, 应用过去分词作定语表被 动, 相当于定语从句 which is written。
答案：D
2）What’s the language __________ in Germany?
A.speaking B.spoken C.be spoken D.to speak
解析：主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。spoken是动词speak的过去分词形式, 在句中作定语, 修饰主语language, spoken 与 language有被动关系。该句可以理解为: What’s the language (which is) spoken in German?
答案：B
3.作表语的分词通常看作形容词来用。现在分词表示主语的性质, 而且主语多为物; 过去分词表示主语的感受或状态, 主语多为人。如:
(1)The story is interesting.故事有趣。
We are interested in computers.我们对计算机感兴趣。
(2)The glass is broken.玻璃杯破了。
(3)The water is boiled.水是开的。
两种形式的过去分词
在英语中, 有些动词有两种过去分词形式, 并且它们在用法和意义上不同
1) learned/learnt
两者都可用在完成式中构成谓语, 但learned还可作定语“博学的”之意解。而learnt不能。
[举例] We have learned/learnt 200 new words since last term.
从上学期开始, 我们已经学了200个新词了。
Professor Wang is a learned man.王教授是个有学问的人。
2) lighted/lit
lighted可用作定语, lit 用作表语。
[举例] The lighted candle lit the whole room.
点燃了的蜡烛照亮了房间。
The cigarette is not lit.烟没点着。
3) hung/hanged
hung意为“悬挂”, hanged意为“绞死, 吊死”。
[举例] A famous painting is hung on the wall.墙上挂着一幅名画。
He was hanged by his enemy.他是被敌人绞死的。
4) hid/hidden
hid用于完成时, hidden可作表语和定语。
[举例] The sun is hidden.
太阳被云遮住了。
There must be someone hidden in the cupboard.
一定有人藏在柜子里。
Where have you hid my book?
你把我的书藏在哪儿了？
5) struck/stricken
struck用于完成时构成谓语, stricken用作定语, 还可表示“受到打击”。
[举例] The clock has struck three.
时钟已敲响了三点。
The rescue teams raced to the stricken ship.
救援队立刻前往抢救遇难船只。
6) born/borne
born既可用作表语, 又可用作定语, borne用于完成时构成谓语。
[举例] He was born in Japan in 1973.
他于1973年出生于日本。
She is a born singer.
她是个天生的歌唱家。
She has borne two boys.
她已经生了两个男孩。
7) burned/burnt
burned强调燃烧的动作, burnt强调状态或结果, 还可用作定语。
[举例] A lot of people were burned in the big fire.
很多人在那场大火中被烧死了。
Oil is burnt in cars.汽车用汽油作燃料。
The burnt people are being treated in hospital.
烧伤的人们正在住院接受治疗。
8) sunk/sunken
sunk用作表语, sunken用作定语。
[举例] The ship of Titanic was sunk forever.
泰坦尼克永久地沉没了。
The sunken boat could never be found.
那艘沉船再也没有找到。
9) melted/molten
melted用作表语, molten用作定语。
[举例] The ice in the river is melted.
河里的冰融化了。
The molten steel looks like water.
熔化了的钢看上去像水一样。
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