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英语选修7&8Unit 2 Cloning教案
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这是一份英语选修7&8Unit 2 Cloning教案，共13页。
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单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）
词汇
部分
词语
辨析
1. aloud / loud / loudly 2. obtain / acquire / gain / earn / achieve
词形
变化
1. object vi. 不赞成；反对
objection n. 不赞成；反对
2. popular adj. 流行的，通俗的，广受欢迎的
popularity n.普及；流行；名望
popularize vt. 使普及，使流行
3. resist v. 抵(反)抗，抵制
resistance n. 抵抗力, 反抗
resistant n. 抵抗者
adj.反抗的，耐……的
4. decorate vt. 装饰，装璜
decoration n. 装饰(品)
装璜
5. reason n. 原因；理性
v.分析，推论(理)；劝告
reasonable adj. 通情达理的；合理的
unreasonable adj. 不合理的；荒唐的
重点
单词
1. differ vi. 不同；相异
2. undertake vt. (undertook; undertaken) 着手；从事；承担；同意，答应
3. forbid vt. (forbade or forbad; forbidden) 禁止；不准；阻止妨碍
4. accumulate vt.&vi. 积累；聚积
5. owe vt. 欠；应该把……归功于；感激，感恩
6. retire vi.退休(役)；退出，撤退；就寝
7. bother vt. 打扰 vi. 操心 n. 烦扰
8. obtain vt. (正式；尤指通过努力或计划) 获得；得到
重点
词组
1. pay off 得到好结果，取得成功(常用主动态)；偿清债款；付清工资解雇
2. in favor of 赞成；支持；对……有利
3. be bound to do 一定；注定(做)
4. be in good/poor/excellent condition 处於好的﹑坏的﹑极佳的状况
重点句型
1. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.
重点语法
同位语从句（见语法部分）
语言要点（模块）
Ⅰ.词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
1. aloud / loud / loudly
【解释】
aloud adv. 重点在于“出声”(能被人听见，但声音不一定很大)，通常与read等词连用：read aloud朗读，读出声 shout/call/laugh aloud大声叫喊／笑
loud作形容词时意为“大声的”，作副词时特指(谈笑等)“大声地”，常用比较级形式；
loudly“大声地，吵闹地”，强调声音喧闹、不悦耳，与quietly相对
【练习】用aloud，loud，loudly的适当形式填空。
1). The teacher asked me to read the poem _______.
2). The radio isn’ t _______ enough. Could you turn it up a little?
3). I could hear people over there talking _______ with each other about the news.
4). Could you speak _______ ?
Keys: 1). aloud 2). loud 3). loudly 4). louder
2. obtain / acquire / gain / earn / achieve
【解释】
obtain意为“获得，买到”。指通过努力或请求而得到，含有满足要求或得达到目的的意味，用于正式语体中。
acquire意为“经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等，也可用于对财物等的获得”，强调“一经获得就会长期持有”的含义。
gain意为“通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处；亦可指军事上的武力夺取等”。
earn意为“挣得，赢得”。指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇。
achieve意为“得到；获得”，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。
【练习】用obtain，acquire，gain，earn，achieve的适当形式填空。
1). How much do you _______a week?
2). The movie star _______ success and wealth.
3). He _______ experience through practice.
4). It is through learning that the individul ______ many habitual ways of reacting to situations.
5). An investor _______ by buying stocks that go up in value.
Keys: 1). earn 2). achieved 3). obtained 4). acquires 5). gains
Ⅱ.词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）
1. object vi. 不赞成；反对
objection n. 不赞成；反对
2. popular adj. 流行的，通俗的，广受欢迎的
popularity n.普及；流行；名望
popularize vt. 使普及，使流行
3. resist v. 抵(反)抗，抵制
resistance n. 抵抗力, 反抗
resistant n. 抵抗者
adj.反抗的，耐……的
4. decorate vt. 装饰，装璜
decoration n. 装饰(品)
装璜
5. reason n. 原因；理性
v.分析，推论(理)；劝告
reasonable adj. 通情达理的；合理的
unreasonable adj. 不合理的；荒唐的
【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。
1). I strongly object to ________ (treat) like a child.
2). If no one has any ________ (object), I will declare the meeting closed us with hope.
3). The no-smoking policy was introduced with little _______ (resist) from staff.
4). When will they finish the ________ (decorate) of the bathroom?
5). The building ________ (decorate) with flags., the event was a great success.
6). Don't let your boss make ________ (reason) demands on you.
7). The president’ s _______ (popular) has declined considerably.
8). The President is very _______ (popularize) with Jewish voters.
Keys: 1). being treated 2). objection 3). resistance 4). decoration
5). was decorated 6). unreasonable 7). popularity 8). popular
Ⅲ.重点词汇（旨在提供词汇综合运用所需材料）
1. differ vi. 不同；相异 difference n. 不同之处 different adj. 不同的
1). Their house differs from mine in having no garage. 他们的房子与我的不同，区别在于他们的没有起车库。
2). The two sides still differ with each other over the question of pay. 双方在报酬的问题上仍各持己见。
A differs from B in... A与B在……方面不同 A differs with B about/on/over... A与B就……意见相左
根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1). The two squares differ _______ (介词) color but not _______ (介词) size.
2). The husband differs _______ (介词) the wife _______ (介词) who is to take charge of the money.
3). It doesn’ t make a ________ (differ) to me whether you are going to stay.
4). This is a different car ________ (介词) the one I drove yesterday.
Keys: 1). in; in 2). with; on/about/over 3). difference 4). from
2. undertake vt. (undertook; undertaken) 着手；从事；承担；同意，答应，保证(后接to do)
1). She undertook the responsibility for these changes. 她承担了做出这些改变的责任。
2). He undertook to pay the money back in one month. 他答应在一个月之内还钱。
翻译句子。
1). 他答应在周五之前完成那份工作。________________________________________
2). 她负责整个项目的组织工作。___________________________________________
Keys: 1). He undertook to finish the work before Friday.
2). She undertook the organization work of the whole project.
3. forbid vt. (forbade or forbad; forbidden) 禁止；不准；阻止妨碍
1). The law forbids the use of chemical fertilizers. 法律禁止使用化学肥料。
2). I forbid you to tell anyone. 我不准你告诉任何人。
forbid sth. / doing sth. 禁止，不许（做某事） forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事
翻译句子。
1). 飞机上禁止吸烟。
_________________________________________________________________________________
2). 他爸爸不准他和她交谈。
_________________________________________________________________________________
3). 要禁止小孩子不玩电脑游戏很难。
_________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1). Smoking is forbidden on the plane.
2). His father forbade him to talk to her.
3). It is hard to forbid children (to play) computer games.
4. accumulate vt.&vi. 积累；聚积 accumulation n 积累
1). By investing wisely she accumulated a fortune. 她由於投资精明而积蓄了一笔财产。
2). Dust and dirt soon accumulate if a house is not cleaned regularly. 房屋不经常打扫, 尘土很快就越积越多。
根据句子的意思在括号里填入所给词的适当形式。
1). A thick layer of dust _______ (accumulate) in the room, so he had to give it a thorough cleaning.
2). Despite this _______ (accumulate) of evidence, the Government persisted in doing nothing.
Keys: 1). had accumulated 2). accumulation
5. owe vt. 欠；应该把……归功于；感激，感恩
1). He owes his father £50. = He owes £50 to his father. 他欠他父亲50英镑。
2). We owe this discovery to Newton. 我们的这一发现归功於牛顿。
owe sb sth = owe sth to sb 欠(某人)债 owe sth to sb/sth将某事物归因或归功於某人/事
根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词。
1). How much do I owe you _______ the groceries?
2). He owes his success more _______ luck than _______ ability.
3). I owe a lot _______ my wife and children.
Keys: 1). for 2). to; to 3). to
6. retire vi.退休(役)；退出，撤退；就寝
1). He will retire from the army next year. 他明年从部队退役。
2). Our forces retired to prepared positions. 我们的部队撤退到既设阵地上。
retire from... 从……退休(役)/退出 retire (from...) (to...) 退下，退出，离开（尤指到僻静处）
根据句子的要求在括号里填入所给词适当的形式或翻译。
1). He _______ (retire) next year after 30 years with the company.
2). She was forced to _______ _______ _______ (提前退出)teaching because of ill health.
3). He is a _______ (retire) airline pilot.
Keys: 1). is retiring 2). retire early from 3). retired
7. bother vt. 打扰 vi. 操心 n. 烦扰
1). I am busy; don’ t bother me now. 我很忙，现在别打扰我。
2). I am sorry to bother you, but can you tell me the time. 对不起，打扰了，请问现在几点?
bother with/about 一为……而烦恼；因……操心 bother to do / doing费神做……
根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1). The problem has been ________ (bother) me for weeks.
2). 一Shall I help you with the cases?
—Don’ t ________. I can manage.
3). Don’t bother _______ (介词) us; we will soon join you.
Keys: 1). bothering 2). bother 3). about
8. obtain vt. (正式；尤指通过努力或计划) 获得；得到obtainable adj能得到的; 可获得的
1). I haven’ t been able to obtain that record anywhere. 我到处都没买到那张唱片。
2). He said that the police had obtained this information by illegal means. 他说警方是靠非法手段获得这一资料的。
obtain sth from sb/sth 从……获得某物
根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。
1). Are his records still ______ (obtain)?
2). Further information can be obtained _______ (介词) head office.
Keys: 1). obtainable 2). from
Ⅳ.重点词组（旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. pay off 得到好结果，取得成功(常用主动态)；偿清债款；付清工资解雇
1). At last, his hard work paid off. 最后，他的努力得到了回报。
2). Did your plan pay off? 你的计划成功了吗?
pay短语：
pay for付……的钱；为……而付出代价 pay back sth. (pay sb. back sth.) 偿还
pay sb. (...) for sth. 因某事而付某人…… pay sb. (...) to do sth. 付某人(……)去做某事
用与pay相关的词组或所给词适当的形式填空。
1). After ten years of hard working she finally _______ _______ her debt.
2). Our efforts are sure to ________ ________.
3). Her parents ________ ________ America.
4). Have you ________ the milkman this week?
5). Have you ________ the money _______ the bank yet?
6). I will _______ you _______ next week.
7). I paid the boy ten yuan _______ (clean) the window.
Keys: 1). paid off 2). pay off 3). paid for 4). paid 5). paid; to 6). pay; back 7). to clean
2. in favor of 赞成；支持；对……有利
1). I am in favor of your suggestion. 我赞成你的提议。
2). I talked to Susan about it, and she’ s all in favor of going. 我与苏珊谈了这件事，她完全赞同走。
ask a favor请求帮忙 do sb. a favor = do a favor for sb. 帮某人的忙
根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1). Senior ministers spoke ______ ______ ______ the proposal.
2). Would you ______ ______ ______ ______ (请你帮忙) and turn off the radio?
Keys: 1). in favour of 2). do me a favor
3. be bound to do 一定；注定(做)
1). The weather is bound to get better tomorrow. 明天天气一定会变好。
2). You’ ve done so much work that you're bound to pass the exam. 你下了这麽大工夫, 一定能考及格。
根据句子的要求在括号里填入所给词适当的形式或短语。
1). These problems were almost bound _______ (arise).
2). When you are dealing with so many patients, mistakes _______ _______ _______ happen.
Keys: 1). to arise 2). are bound to
4. be in good/poor/excellent condition 处於好的﹑坏的﹑极佳的状况
1). The ship is not in a condition/is in no condition to make a long voyage. 此船的现状不适宜远航。
2). The car is still in excellent condition. 这小车状况极佳。
condition 短语：
out of condition健康状况欠佳 working/living/syudying conditions工作、生活、学习环境
on condition (that)... 在……条件下；倘若…… on no condition 一点也不; 决不
根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词。
1). The car has been well maintained and is _______ excellent condition.
2). He’ s _______ excellent condition _______ a man of his age.
3). I had no exercise for ages; I’ m really _______ condition.
4). You can go out _______ condition that you wear an overcoat.
Keys: 1). in 2). in; for 3). out of 4). on
Ⅴ.重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）
1. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. 她（多莉羊）似乎生长正常的事实很鼓舞人心。
“that she seemed to develop normally”是一个同位语从句，作the fact的同位语。同位语从句一般由that引导，常放在fact，truth，news，information，idea，thought，hope，suggestion，advice，reply，remark，report等名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。当先行词是problem，question或当主句是表示疑问或否定意思时，连接词要用whether或其他的疑问代词或副词。如：
1). The news that he has been elected president of the United States is true. 他当选美国总统的消息是真的。
2). The question whether we should continue to do the experiment has not been answered yet.
我们是否该继续实验的问题还没有被解决。
3). I have no idea where the new library will be built. 我不知道新图书馆将要建在哪。
根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词。
1). The truth _______ heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed is known to us all.
2). The question _______ we ndde to spend more time on the project has not been discussed.
3). The explanation _______ he had met with an accident on his way was acceptable.
Keys: 1). that 2). whether 3). that
课文要点（模块）
Ⅰ.课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）
根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：
Cloning is a way of _____1_____(make) an exact copy of another animal or plant. Cloning has two ___2____(主要的) uses. Firstly, gardeners use it to produce plants. Secondly, it is ____3_____(value) for medical research on animals. Cloning plants is straightforward but the cloning of animals is more____4______(复杂的). The procedure is difficult to ____5_____(开展). In 1996, scientists succeeded in ___6_____(clone)Dolly the sheep. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly was ill. _____7______ Dolly lived for six years, Dolly’s appearance raised a storm of _____8_____(object). Government became nervous and many ______9______(禁止) research into human cloning. Scientists still ____10______ whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.
(答案： 1.making， 2.major， 3.valuable; 4.complicated; 5.undertake; 6.cloning; 7.Altogether; 8.objections; 9.forbade; 10.wonder.)
Ⅱ.课文大意概括 （旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）
阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或翻译下面短文。
文章具体介绍了植物与动物克隆的区别，多莉羊的诞生与死亡以及由此引发的争论。
The article specifically introduces _________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：The article specifically introduces the distinction between the plant and the animal cloning, the birth and death of Dolly the sheep, as well as the controversy which it caused.
Ⅲ.课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和写作能力）
1.【原句】The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.
多莉看来是在正常地成长着，这很令人鼓舞。
句子结构：同位语从句
【模仿1】学校取消体育运动的想法非常令人丧气，依我的观点，这并不能防止学生受伤。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案：The idea that schools cancel sport activities is very discouraging, which, in my opinion, is not a good way to prevent students from getting hurt.
【模仿2】谚语“诚为上策”是众所周知的，它说明了诚实的重要性。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案：The old saying that honesty is the best policy is well known to everyone, which signifies the importance of honesty.
2．【原句】The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals my die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation. 其优点是，如果发生了某种新的疾病，这类动物可能会死去，而另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种抗疫力传给下一代。
句子结构：表语从句+条件句,
【模仿1】网上购物的弊端是，如果你在网上买了质量差的商品，你不可能会换的了；但你可以在真正的商店里精挑细选。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案：The disadvantage of shopping on line is that if you bought a poorly made goods on the Internet, it is impossible for you to change it, but you can have a careful look at the goods in a real shop and choose the best one.
【模仿2】早起的优势是，如果我们早起，我们将有机会享受清新的空气和早晨的宁静，但并不是每个人都认为这是令人遗憾的事情。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案：The advantage of getting up early is that if we get up early, we will have the opportunity of enjoying the fresh air and calmness of the morning, but not everybody think it a regrettable thing.
3. 【原句】Based on what we know now, you cannot clone animals that have been extinct longer than 10,000 years. 就我们现在所知，你不可能克隆那些绝种了一万年以上的动物。
句子结构：V-ed + what引导的宾语从句，+主句+定语从句
【模仿1】根据调查所示，我们可以更好地理解我们对大自然所做的一切。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案：Based on what was shown on the survey, we can make a better understanding about the thing that we have done to nature.
【模仿2】根据我们所读到的，我们可以得出结论是人类该对环境污染负责。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案： Based on what we’ve read , we can make a conclusion that it is human beings that are to blame for the pollution of the environment.
单元自测 （模块）
1完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1—10各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
词数：194
完成时间：14分钟
难度：***
All living organisms ( 生物体) must feed so that they can have energy. Plants, which are the biggest organisms on Earth, are no 1 to this. They need to feed, but they do not feed in the 2 way that animals do. They do not have a mouth or a digestive system and they do not move much to find and capture their 3 . Plants are made of 4 things. Water is the most 5 part. Often, more than 90% of a plant is made of water. Water, however, is a liquid, but plants are very 6 , especially when they are made of wood, like trees.
If we dry a plant out by removing all of its 7 content, we can find out what is left over. Two things are found in the solid parts of plants: minerals and organic matter (物质). We can 8 these two parts if we bum the dried plant until only the ashes are 9 . If we analyze these ashes we find that they are made of the minerals that the plant needs to grow. The part that bums 10 is called the organic matter.
1. A. explanation B. exception C. connection D. inclusion
2. A. opposite B. accurate C. proper D. same
3. A. food B. water C. enemy D. nutrient
4. A. two B. three C. four D. five
5. A. useful B. important C. precious D. advanced
6. A. small B. living C. solid D. loose
7. A. water B. mineral C. fiber D. protein
8. A. predict B. discover C. expose D. separate
9. A. combined B. left C. shared D. covered
10. A. over B. out C. down D. away
答案：
1.B 从上文“All living organisms must feed so that they can have energy.”可知此处意为植物作为一种生物也不例外。
2.D 从下文“They do not have a mouth or a digestive system…”可知此处意为它们与动物的取食方式不同。而选项accurate强调的是“精确性”，也就是说，accurate暗含有它们两者之前的取食方式有可能比较类似，根据文章，它们的取食方式是截然不同的，所以D项更准确些。
21. A。本段主要内容讲植物的取食方式，那么可知这里是指“捕食”，而不是获取营养、水或者敌人。
22. B。从本段可知，植物含有水分，从下一段的第一、二两句描述可知除了水分之外，植物还由矿物质和有机物构成，所以总共是three things。
23. B。从下文的“Often, more than 90% of a plant is made of water. ”可知水是最重要的。
24. C。从本句前部分强调水是一种液体，那么，逻辑推理，这里主要强调植物是“固体”的。后一部分的解释说明“…especially when they are made of wood, like trees.”可进一步佐证。
25. A。从本句的关键词dry a plant out以及下面的细节in the solid parts of plants可知是先把水全部去除。
26. D。从下文的实验细节尤其是最后两句可知是通过火烧的方法把两种物质分离开。
29. B。根据下文内容可知，火烧到最后，就只剩下灰烬了，有机物被烧掉了，灰烬主要是由矿物质构成的。
30. D。根据上文可知，灰烬主要是由矿物质构成的，那么被烧掉的部分就是有机物。burn away“烧掉”。
2语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31-40的相应位置上。
词数：139
完成时间：8分钟
难度：**
Many people believe that they 31 (suppose) to drink eight glasses of water 32 day, or about two liters. Why? Because that is 33 they have been told all their lives. 34 a new report offers some different advice. The experts say people should obey their bodies; they should drink as 35 water as they feel like drinking.
The report contains some general 36 (suggest).The experts say that women should get about 2.7 liters of water 37 (day). Men should' get about 3.7 liters. But wait - in each case, that is more than eight glasses. There is an important difference. The report does not tell people how many glasses of water to drink. 38 fact, the experts say that 39 may be impossible to know how many glasses are needed to meet these guidelines. This is because the daily requirement can include the water 40 (contain) in foods.
答案与评析
31．are supposed 32．a／one／every 33．what 34．But 35．much 36．suggestions 37．daily
38．In 39．it 40．contained
许多人相信一天应该喝八杯水才能满足身体需要：但专家们在一份新的报告中却给出了不同的说法。
31．are supposed．be supposed to do是固定用法，表达“应该／被期望做……”：
32．a／one／every表数量“一”：
33．what．连词用来引导表语从句，在表语从句中作宾语：
34．But．表“转折”关系。
35．much．形容词表数量
36．suggestion．用名词作宾语：
37．daily．本文讨论的中心是人一天应该喝多少杯水才能满足身体需要的问题，因此用副词 daily “每日／每天地”来修饰set，
38．In．因为in fact为固定短语
39．it.形式主语，代替后面的动词不定式。
40．contained．过去分词短语作定语，修饰名词water，表示被动关系：
3阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
词数：313
完成时间：6分钟
难度：***
Burning the midnight oil before an exam or interview has an opposite effect according to a research which found that sleep is necessary for memories to be "downloaded" into the
brain.
"A good night's sleep within 30 hours of trying to remember a new task is a necessary condition of having good recall in the weeks ahead," scientists have found.
"We think that getting that first night's sleep starts the process of memory consolidation (加强),' said Robert Stickgold, a sleep researcher at Harvard Medical School who conducted the latest study.
"It seems that memories are normally washed out of the brain unless some process nails them down. I feel uncertain that sleep is one of those things that do the nailing down,"
Professor Stickgold said.
Professor Stickgold's team trained the 24 people to tell the direction of three diagonal bars (斜线) shown for a sixtieth of a second on a computer screen full of horizontal stripes (水平线).
Half the subjects were kept awake that night, while the others slept. Both groups were allowed to sleep for the second and third nights to make up for any differences in tiredness
between the volunteers.
Those who slept the first night were much better at remembering the task while the second group showed no improvement in spite of enjoying two nights of catch up sleep.
A further study by scientists at the Medical University at Lubeck in Germany showed that memories are laid down in two stages during the night. The fri-st is during the deep, so-called "slow wave" sleep, which usually takes place in the fnrst half of the night. The second, and less important stage happens during the periods of dreaming or "rapid eye movement (REM)". When people don't sleep well in the fu-st half of the night, their memory consolidation is almost the same as having no sleep at all.
41. Which of the following statements is correct according to Paragraph 1 ?
A. It is necessary to burn the midnight oil before an exam or interview.
B. Sleep speeds up the loss of memory.
C. Man should have a good sleep if he wants to keep a good memory.
D. Staying up late will make you better prepared for an exam or interview.
42. It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that ____________.
A. some process helps memories to be washed out of the brain
B. professor Stickgold is doubtful about whether sleep can make memories better
C. some memories normally influence the function of the brain
D. sleep improves the condition of memories
43. How was the research conducted by Professor Stickgold?
A. The subjects were divided into two groups.
B. All the subjects were kept awake for 3 nights.
C. One group slept at the first night but was kept awake the next two nights.
D. One group was kept awake for 3 nights but the other slept for the second and third nights.
44. What was the study result of the scientists at the Medical University at Lubeck?
A. REM sleep is not important at all for the consolidation for memory.
B. Intellectual performance mainly depends on the slow wave sleep period.
C. When people sleep poorly in the first half of the night, it is almost the same as having no sleep at all.
D. REM sleep is as important as slow wave sleep in terms of memory recall.
45. The best title of this passage is ____________.
A. Sleep Necessary for Memories
B. The Importance of the First Stage of Sleep
C. Studies Made By Scientists About Sleep
D. The Scientists' Achievement in Sleep Research
答案：
文章开门见山提出本文的中心：考试或面试前熬夜不但没有好处，而且有害。然后再通过科学家的实验进一步论证这一观点。抓住本文的中心并以此展开对整篇文章的理解，是做好本文的关键。大家应特别注意文章的第一段，因为这是本文的主题段。
41．答案是C综合判断题。本文通过实验说明好的睡眠对记忆力至关重要：文章第一段就交代了整篇文章的中心，对本题有提示作用。
42．答案是D．推理判断题。Ppofes盼fStickSold的话说明，睡眠是不让记忆力衰退的关键。
43．答案是久细节理解题。文章第六、七段介绍参与实验者被分成两组，一组第一天晚上睡觉，另一组第一天晚上不睡觉。
44．答案是B．细节理解题。文章最后一段说明了slow wave睡眠阶段的重要性。
45．答案是A. 主旨归纳题。归纳文章第一段的内容可得出本题答案。
4. 读写任务
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇巧30词左右的英语短文：
MP4 is the short name for a special video format called MPEG-4. The format can compress large video content into a relatively small document while keeping its quality.
They named it MP4 mainly because it was regarded as an update from MP3. MP3 only compresses audio documents.
After MP3 players became popular, some technology companies started thinking about making videos that fit into people's pockets. In fact, most PDAs and some hand-held mobile phones already have video function.
Since then, manufacturers worldwide have joined in the rush. Among them are big companies like Sony, Microsoft and Apple, although they don't call their products MP4 players.
Sony called its product with video function the PMP (Portable Media Player). Microsoft prefers PMC (Personal Media Centre), while some others call the gadgets PVPs (Personal Video Player) .But, basically, these products all have the same core function--playing video content.
An MP4 player is not just an MP3 player with an extra video function.
In fact, MP4 players must be able to play, record, and transform large video content. That requires an overall change in both hardware and software. Storage must be enlarged, display strengthened, speakers powered, software upgraded, and appearance redesigned.
Since video function enriched the players, other functions such as games, cameras can be added. Sony's PSP (Play Station Portable) was originally built for video games.
In this case, PMP or PMC is more accurate a term than MP4.
你的英语老师在上英语口语课时，老师要求你班的同学每人作一个简短的英语发言，谈谈你们每人对MP3与MP4对青年学生学习和生活的的影响：请你；住备一篇发言稿，内容包括以下内容：
1、以约30个词概括短文的要点：
2、然后以约120个词就“MP3和MP4对青年学生学习和生活的影响”这个主题发表你的看法，并包括下面要点：
1)以你或你的朋友的经历为例，说明MP3，MP4对你或你的朋友的影响；
2)你的同学对这个问题如何看法；
3)你的父母和老师对学生玩MP3、MP4有何看法?
1．作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容但不得直接引用原文中的句子；标题自定；
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。
1．写作有可能用到的主要短语和单词：浪费时间和金钱waste one's time and money，为某事担心be worried about sth，流行，受欢迎be popular。
2．本文的概要必须包含以下要点：They named it MP4 mainly because it was regarded as an update from MP3. MP3 only compresses audio documents./After MP3 players became popular, some technology companies started thinking about making videos that fit into people's pockets.
3．本文要注意，概要一定要根据文段的时态来写。同时，绝对不能抄袭原文的句子。文章是讨论MP3与MP4对青年学生的影响”问题，属于评论性文字和结论性的观点，故多用一般现在时或 一般将来时态。但是“以你或你的朋友的经历为例”，也不一定写成故事，简单谈论一下就可以了。
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案:
MP3 and MP4, Bad or Good?
The writer tells us about the fact that MP4 updates MP3 because of the development of technology and its popularity among those youngsters.
Mp3 and Mp4 are quite popular among us students now. I often listen to Mp3, too. We should use Mp3 and Mp4 not only for having fun, but also for English learning if we listen to them after we have finished our homework. This will make teachers, parents and us students happy. Most of my classmates share my idea, but some of them think MP3 and MP4 waste our parents ' money.
Some teachers and parents are worried about this. They think listening to Mp3 and Mp4 can get in the way of school work, because some of us only use them to listen to music or watch movies. Some even bring Mp3 and Mp4 to school and listen to them in class.
www.ks5u.com
单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）
词汇
部分
词语
辨析
1. aloud / loud / loudly 2. obtain / acquire / gain / earn / achieve
词形
变化
1. object vi. 不赞成；反对
objection n. 不赞成；反对
2. popular adj. 流行的，通俗的，广受欢迎的
popularity n.普及；流行；名望
popularize vt. 使普及，使流行
3. resist v. 抵(反)抗，抵制
resistance n. 抵抗力, 反抗
resistant n. 抵抗者
adj.反抗的，耐……的
4. decorate vt. 装饰，装璜
decoration n. 装饰(品)
装璜
5. reason n. 原因；理性
v.分析，推论(理)；劝告
reasonable adj. 通情达理的；合理的
unreasonable adj. 不合理的；荒唐的
重点
单词
1. differ vi. 不同；相异
2. undertake vt. (undertook; undertaken) 着手；从事；承担；同意，答应
3. forbid vt. (forbade or forbad; forbidden) 禁止；不准；阻止妨碍
4. accumulate vt.&vi. 积累；聚积
5. owe vt. 欠；应该把……归功于；感激，感恩
6. retire vi.退休(役)；退出，撤退；就寝
7. bother vt. 打扰 vi. 操心 n. 烦扰
8. obtain vt. (正式；尤指通过努力或计划) 获得；得到
重点
词组
1. pay off 得到好结果，取得成功(常用主动态)；偿清债款；付清工资解雇
2. in favor of 赞成；支持；对……有利
3. be bound to do 一定；注定(做)
4. be in good/poor/excellent condition 处於好的﹑坏的﹑极佳的状况
重点句型
1. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.
重点语法
同位语从句（见语法部分）
语言要点（模块）
Ⅰ.词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
1. aloud / loud / loudly
【解释】
aloud adv. 重点在于“出声”(能被人听见，但声音不一定很大)，通常与read等词连用：read aloud朗读，读出声 shout/call/laugh aloud大声叫喊／笑
loud作形容词时意为“大声的”，作副词时特指(谈笑等)“大声地”，常用比较级形式；
loudly“大声地，吵闹地”，强调声音喧闹、不悦耳，与quietly相对
【练习】用aloud，loud，loudly的适当形式填空。
1). The teacher asked me to read the poem _______.
2). The radio isn’ t _______ enough. Could you turn it up a little?
3). I could hear people over there talking _______ with each other about the news.
4). Could you speak _______ ?
Keys: 1). aloud 2). loud 3). loudly 4). louder
2. obtain / acquire / gain / earn / achieve
【解释】
obtain意为“获得，买到”。指通过努力或请求而得到，含有满足要求或得达到目的的意味，用于正式语体中。
acquire意为“经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等，也可用于对财物等的获得”，强调“一经获得就会长期持有”的含义。
gain意为“通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处；亦可指军事上的武力夺取等”。
earn意为“挣得，赢得”。指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇。
achieve意为“得到；获得”，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。
【练习】用obtain，acquire，gain，earn，achieve的适当形式填空。
1). How much do you _______a week?
2). The movie star _______ success and wealth.
3). He _______ experience through practice.
4). It is through learning that the individul ______ many habitual ways of reacting to situations.
5). An investor _______ by buying stocks that go up in value.
Keys: 1). earn 2). achieved 3). obtained 4). acquires 5). gains
Ⅱ.词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）
1. object vi. 不赞成；反对
objection n. 不赞成；反对
2. popular adj. 流行的，通俗的，广受欢迎的
popularity n.普及；流行；名望
popularize vt. 使普及，使流行
3. resist v. 抵(反)抗，抵制
resistance n. 抵抗力, 反抗
resistant n. 抵抗者
adj.反抗的，耐……的
4. decorate vt. 装饰，装璜
decoration n. 装饰(品)
装璜
5. reason n. 原因；理性
v.分析，推论(理)；劝告
reasonable adj. 通情达理的；合理的
unreasonable adj. 不合理的；荒唐的
【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。
1). I strongly object to ________ (treat) like a child.
2). If no one has any ________ (object), I will declare the meeting closed us with hope.
3). The no-smoking policy was introduced with little _______ (resist) from staff.
4). When will they finish the ________ (decorate) of the bathroom?
5). The building ________ (decorate) with flags., the event was a great success.
6). Don't let your boss make ________ (reason) demands on you.
7). The president’ s _______ (popular) has declined considerably.
8). The President is very _______ (popularize) with Jewish voters.
Keys: 1). being treated 2). objection 3). resistance 4). decoration
5). was decorated 6). unreasonable 7). popularity 8). popular
Ⅲ.重点词汇（旨在提供词汇综合运用所需材料）
1. differ vi. 不同；相异 difference n. 不同之处 different adj. 不同的
1). Their house differs from mine in having no garage. 他们的房子与我的不同，区别在于他们的没有起车库。
2). The two sides still differ with each other over the question of pay. 双方在报酬的问题上仍各持己见。
A differs from B in... A与B在……方面不同 A differs with B about/on/over... A与B就……意见相左
根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1). The two squares differ _______ (介词) color but not _______ (介词) size.
2). The husband differs _______ (介词) the wife _______ (介词) who is to take charge of the money.
3). It doesn’ t make a ________ (differ) to me whether you are going to stay.
4). This is a different car ________ (介词) the one I drove yesterday.
Keys: 1). in; in 2). with; on/about/over 3). difference 4). from
2. undertake vt. (undertook; undertaken) 着手；从事；承担；同意，答应，保证(后接to do)
1). She undertook the responsibility for these changes. 她承担了做出这些改变的责任。
2). He undertook to pay the money back in one month. 他答应在一个月之内还钱。
翻译句子。
1). 他答应在周五之前完成那份工作。________________________________________
2). 她负责整个项目的组织工作。___________________________________________
Keys: 1). He undertook to finish the work before Friday.
2). She undertook the organization work of the whole project.
3. forbid vt. (forbade or forbad; forbidden) 禁止；不准；阻止妨碍
1). The law forbids the use of chemical fertilizers. 法律禁止使用化学肥料。
2). I forbid you to tell anyone. 我不准你告诉任何人。
forbid sth. / doing sth. 禁止，不许（做某事） forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事
翻译句子。
1). 飞机上禁止吸烟。
_________________________________________________________________________________
2). 他爸爸不准他和她交谈。
_________________________________________________________________________________
3). 要禁止小孩子不玩电脑游戏很难。
_________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1). Smoking is forbidden on the plane.
2). His father forbade him to talk to her.
3). It is hard to forbid children (to play) computer games.
4. accumulate vt.&vi. 积累；聚积 accumulation n 积累
1). By investing wisely she accumulated a fortune. 她由於投资精明而积蓄了一笔财产。
2). Dust and dirt soon accumulate if a house is not cleaned regularly. 房屋不经常打扫, 尘土很快就越积越多。
根据句子的意思在括号里填入所给词的适当形式。
1). A thick layer of dust _______ (accumulate) in the room, so he had to give it a thorough cleaning.
2). Despite this _______ (accumulate) of evidence, the Government persisted in doing nothing.
Keys: 1). had accumulated 2). accumulation
5. owe vt. 欠；应该把……归功于；感激，感恩
1). He owes his father £50. = He owes £50 to his father. 他欠他父亲50英镑。
2). We owe this discovery to Newton. 我们的这一发现归功於牛顿。
owe sb sth = owe sth to sb 欠(某人)债 owe sth to sb/sth将某事物归因或归功於某人/事
根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词。
1). How much do I owe you _______ the groceries?
2). He owes his success more _______ luck than _______ ability.
3). I owe a lot _______ my wife and children.
Keys: 1). for 2). to; to 3). to
6. retire vi.退休(役)；退出，撤退；就寝
1). He will retire from the army next year. 他明年从部队退役。
2). Our forces retired to prepared positions. 我们的部队撤退到既设阵地上。
retire from... 从……退休(役)/退出 retire (from...) (to...) 退下，退出，离开（尤指到僻静处）
根据句子的要求在括号里填入所给词适当的形式或翻译。
1). He _______ (retire) next year after 30 years with the company.
2). She was forced to _______ _______ _______ (提前退出)teaching because of ill health.
3). He is a _______ (retire) airline pilot.
Keys: 1). is retiring 2). retire early from 3). retired
7. bother vt. 打扰 vi. 操心 n. 烦扰
1). I am busy; don’ t bother me now. 我很忙，现在别打扰我。
2). I am sorry to bother you, but can you tell me the time. 对不起，打扰了，请问现在几点?
bother with/about 一为……而烦恼；因……操心 bother to do / doing费神做……
根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1). The problem has been ________ (bother) me for weeks.
2). 一Shall I help you with the cases?
—Don’ t ________. I can manage.
3). Don’t bother _______ (介词) us; we will soon join you.
Keys: 1). bothering 2). bother 3). about
8. obtain vt. (正式；尤指通过努力或计划) 获得；得到obtainable adj能得到的; 可获得的
1). I haven’ t been able to obtain that record anywhere. 我到处都没买到那张唱片。
2). He said that the police had obtained this information by illegal means. 他说警方是靠非法手段获得这一资料的。
obtain sth from sb/sth 从……获得某物
根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。
1). Are his records still ______ (obtain)?
2). Further information can be obtained _______ (介词) head office.
Keys: 1). obtainable 2). from
Ⅳ.重点词组（旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. pay off 得到好结果，取得成功(常用主动态)；偿清债款；付清工资解雇
1). At last, his hard work paid off. 最后，他的努力得到了回报。
2). Did your plan pay off? 你的计划成功了吗?
pay短语：
pay for付……的钱；为……而付出代价 pay back sth. (pay sb. back sth.) 偿还
pay sb. (...) for sth. 因某事而付某人…… pay sb. (...) to do sth. 付某人(……)去做某事
用与pay相关的词组或所给词适当的形式填空。
1). After ten years of hard working she finally _______ _______ her debt.
2). Our efforts are sure to ________ ________.
3). Her parents ________ ________ America.
4). Have you ________ the milkman this week?
5). Have you ________ the money _______ the bank yet?
6). I will _______ you _______ next week.
7). I paid the boy ten yuan _______ (clean) the window.
Keys: 1). paid off 2). pay off 3). paid for 4). paid 5). paid; to 6). pay; back 7). to clean
2. in favor of 赞成；支持；对……有利
1). I am in favor of your suggestion. 我赞成你的提议。
2). I talked to Susan about it, and she’ s all in favor of going. 我与苏珊谈了这件事，她完全赞同走。
ask a favor请求帮忙 do sb. a favor = do a favor for sb. 帮某人的忙
根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1). Senior ministers spoke ______ ______ ______ the proposal.
2). Would you ______ ______ ______ ______ (请你帮忙) and turn off the radio?
Keys: 1). in favour of 2). do me a favor
3. be bound to do 一定；注定(做)
1). The weather is bound to get better tomorrow. 明天天气一定会变好。
2). You’ ve done so much work that you're bound to pass the exam. 你下了这麽大工夫, 一定能考及格。
根据句子的要求在括号里填入所给词适当的形式或短语。
1). These problems were almost bound _______ (arise).
2). When you are dealing with so many patients, mistakes _______ _______ _______ happen.
Keys: 1). to arise 2). are bound to
4. be in good/poor/excellent condition 处於好的﹑坏的﹑极佳的状况
1). The ship is not in a condition/is in no condition to make a long voyage. 此船的现状不适宜远航。
2). The car is still in excellent condition. 这小车状况极佳。
condition 短语：
out of condition健康状况欠佳 working/living/syudying conditions工作、生活、学习环境
on condition (that)... 在……条件下；倘若…… on no condition 一点也不; 决不
根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词。
1). The car has been well maintained and is _______ excellent condition.
2). He’ s _______ excellent condition _______ a man of his age.
3). I had no exercise for ages; I’ m really _______ condition.
4). You can go out _______ condition that you wear an overcoat.
Keys: 1). in 2). in; for 3). out of 4). on
Ⅴ.重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）
1. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. 她（多莉羊）似乎生长正常的事实很鼓舞人心。
“that she seemed to develop normally”是一个同位语从句，作the fact的同位语。同位语从句一般由that引导，常放在fact，truth，news，information，idea，thought，hope，suggestion，advice，reply，remark，report等名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。当先行词是problem，question或当主句是表示疑问或否定意思时，连接词要用whether或其他的疑问代词或副词。如：
1). The news that he has been elected president of the United States is true. 他当选美国总统的消息是真的。
2). The question whether we should continue to do the experiment has not been answered yet.
我们是否该继续实验的问题还没有被解决。
3). I have no idea where the new library will be built. 我不知道新图书馆将要建在哪。
根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词。
1). The truth _______ heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed is known to us all.
2). The question _______ we ndde to spend more time on the project has not been discussed.
3). The explanation _______ he had met with an accident on his way was acceptable.
Keys: 1). that 2). whether 3). that
课文要点（模块）
Ⅰ.课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）
根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：
Cloning is a way of _____1_____(make) an exact copy of another animal or plant. Cloning has two ___2____(主要的) uses. Firstly, gardeners use it to produce plants. Secondly, it is ____3_____(value) for medical research on animals. Cloning plants is straightforward but the cloning of animals is more____4______(复杂的). The procedure is difficult to ____5_____(开展). In 1996, scientists succeeded in ___6_____(clone)Dolly the sheep. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly was ill. _____7______ Dolly lived for six years, Dolly’s appearance raised a storm of _____8_____(object). Government became nervous and many ______9______(禁止) research into human cloning. Scientists still ____10______ whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.
(答案： 1.making， 2.major， 3.valuable; 4.complicated; 5.undertake; 6.cloning; 7.Altogether; 8.objections; 9.forbade; 10.wonder.)
Ⅱ.课文大意概括 （旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）
阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或翻译下面短文。
文章具体介绍了植物与动物克隆的区别，多莉羊的诞生与死亡以及由此引发的争论。
The article specifically introduces _________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：The article specifically introduces the distinction between the plant and the animal cloning, the birth and death of Dolly the sheep, as well as the controversy which it caused.
Ⅲ.课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和写作能力）
1.【原句】The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.
多莉看来是在正常地成长着，这很令人鼓舞。
句子结构：同位语从句
【模仿1】学校取消体育运动的想法非常令人丧气，依我的观点，这并不能防止学生受伤。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案：The idea that schools cancel sport activities is very discouraging, which, in my opinion, is not a good way to prevent students from getting hurt.
【模仿2】谚语“诚为上策”是众所周知的，它说明了诚实的重要性。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案：The old saying that honesty is the best policy is well known to everyone, which signifies the importance of honesty.
2．【原句】The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals my die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation. 其优点是，如果发生了某种新的疾病，这类动物可能会死去，而另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种抗疫力传给下一代。
句子结构：表语从句+条件句,
【模仿1】网上购物的弊端是，如果你在网上买了质量差的商品，你不可能会换的了；但你可以在真正的商店里精挑细选。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案：The disadvantage of shopping on line is that if you bought a poorly made goods on the Internet, it is impossible for you to change it, but you can have a careful look at the goods in a real shop and choose the best one.
【模仿2】早起的优势是，如果我们早起，我们将有机会享受清新的空气和早晨的宁静，但并不是每个人都认为这是令人遗憾的事情。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案：The advantage of getting up early is that if we get up early, we will have the opportunity of enjoying the fresh air and calmness of the morning, but not everybody think it a regrettable thing.
3. 【原句】Based on what we know now, you cannot clone animals that have been extinct longer than 10,000 years. 就我们现在所知，你不可能克隆那些绝种了一万年以上的动物。
句子结构：V-ed + what引导的宾语从句，+主句+定语从句
【模仿1】根据调查所示，我们可以更好地理解我们对大自然所做的一切。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案：Based on what was shown on the survey, we can make a better understanding about the thing that we have done to nature.
【模仿2】根据我们所读到的，我们可以得出结论是人类该对环境污染负责。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案： Based on what we’ve read , we can make a conclusion that it is human beings that are to blame for the pollution of the environment.
单元自测 （模块）
1完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1—10各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
词数：194
完成时间：14分钟
难度：***
All living organisms ( 生物体) must feed so that they can have energy. Plants, which are the biggest organisms on Earth, are no 1 to this. They need to feed, but they do not feed in the 2 way that animals do. They do not have a mouth or a digestive system and they do not move much to find and capture their 3 . Plants are made of 4 things. Water is the most 5 part. Often, more than 90% of a plant is made of water. Water, however, is a liquid, but plants are very 6 , especially when they are made of wood, like trees.
If we dry a plant out by removing all of its 7 content, we can find out what is left over. Two things are found in the solid parts of plants: minerals and organic matter (物质). We can 8 these two parts if we bum the dried plant until only the ashes are 9 . If we analyze these ashes we find that they are made of the minerals that the plant needs to grow. The part that bums 10 is called the organic matter.
1. A. explanation B. exception C. connection D. inclusion
2. A. opposite B. accurate C. proper D. same
3. A. food B. water C. enemy D. nutrient
4. A. two B. three C. four D. five
5. A. useful B. important C. precious D. advanced
6. A. small B. living C. solid D. loose
7. A. water B. mineral C. fiber D. protein
8. A. predict B. discover C. expose D. separate
9. A. combined B. left C. shared D. covered
10. A. over B. out C. down D. away
答案：
1.B 从上文“All living organisms must feed so that they can have energy.”可知此处意为植物作为一种生物也不例外。
2.D 从下文“They do not have a mouth or a digestive system…”可知此处意为它们与动物的取食方式不同。而选项accurate强调的是“精确性”，也就是说，accurate暗含有它们两者之前的取食方式有可能比较类似，根据文章，它们的取食方式是截然不同的，所以D项更准确些。
21. A。本段主要内容讲植物的取食方式，那么可知这里是指“捕食”，而不是获取营养、水或者敌人。
22. B。从本段可知，植物含有水分，从下一段的第一、二两句描述可知除了水分之外，植物还由矿物质和有机物构成，所以总共是three things。
23. B。从下文的“Often, more than 90% of a plant is made of water. ”可知水是最重要的。
24. C。从本句前部分强调水是一种液体，那么，逻辑推理，这里主要强调植物是“固体”的。后一部分的解释说明“…especially when they are made of wood, like trees.”可进一步佐证。
25. A。从本句的关键词dry a plant out以及下面的细节in the solid parts of plants可知是先把水全部去除。
26. D。从下文的实验细节尤其是最后两句可知是通过火烧的方法把两种物质分离开。
29. B。根据下文内容可知，火烧到最后，就只剩下灰烬了，有机物被烧掉了，灰烬主要是由矿物质构成的。
30. D。根据上文可知，灰烬主要是由矿物质构成的，那么被烧掉的部分就是有机物。burn away“烧掉”。
2语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31-40的相应位置上。
词数：139
完成时间：8分钟
难度：**
Many people believe that they 31 (suppose) to drink eight glasses of water 32 day, or about two liters. Why? Because that is 33 they have been told all their lives. 34 a new report offers some different advice. The experts say people should obey their bodies; they should drink as 35 water as they feel like drinking.
The report contains some general 36 (suggest).The experts say that women should get about 2.7 liters of water 37 (day). Men should' get about 3.7 liters. But wait - in each case, that is more than eight glasses. There is an important difference. The report does not tell people how many glasses of water to drink. 38 fact, the experts say that 39 may be impossible to know how many glasses are needed to meet these guidelines. This is because the daily requirement can include the water 40 (contain) in foods.
答案与评析
31．are supposed 32．a／one／every 33．what 34．But 35．much 36．suggestions 37．daily
38．In 39．it 40．contained
许多人相信一天应该喝八杯水才能满足身体需要：但专家们在一份新的报告中却给出了不同的说法。
31．are supposed．be supposed to do是固定用法，表达“应该／被期望做……”：
32．a／one／every表数量“一”：
33．what．连词用来引导表语从句，在表语从句中作宾语：
34．But．表“转折”关系。
35．much．形容词表数量
36．suggestion．用名词作宾语：
37．daily．本文讨论的中心是人一天应该喝多少杯水才能满足身体需要的问题，因此用副词 daily “每日／每天地”来修饰set，
38．In．因为in fact为固定短语
39．it.形式主语，代替后面的动词不定式。
40．contained．过去分词短语作定语，修饰名词water，表示被动关系：
3阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
词数：313
完成时间：6分钟
难度：***
Burning the midnight oil before an exam or interview has an opposite effect according to a research which found that sleep is necessary for memories to be "downloaded" into the
brain.
"A good night's sleep within 30 hours of trying to remember a new task is a necessary condition of having good recall in the weeks ahead," scientists have found.
"We think that getting that first night's sleep starts the process of memory consolidation (加强),' said Robert Stickgold, a sleep researcher at Harvard Medical School who conducted the latest study.
"It seems that memories are normally washed out of the brain unless some process nails them down. I feel uncertain that sleep is one of those things that do the nailing down,"
Professor Stickgold said.
Professor Stickgold's team trained the 24 people to tell the direction of three diagonal bars (斜线) shown for a sixtieth of a second on a computer screen full of horizontal stripes (水平线).
Half the subjects were kept awake that night, while the others slept. Both groups were allowed to sleep for the second and third nights to make up for any differences in tiredness
between the volunteers.
Those who slept the first night were much better at remembering the task while the second group showed no improvement in spite of enjoying two nights of catch up sleep.
A further study by scientists at the Medical University at Lubeck in Germany showed that memories are laid down in two stages during the night. The fri-st is during the deep, so-called "slow wave" sleep, which usually takes place in the fnrst half of the night. The second, and less important stage happens during the periods of dreaming or "rapid eye movement (REM)". When people don't sleep well in the fu-st half of the night, their memory consolidation is almost the same as having no sleep at all.
41. Which of the following statements is correct according to Paragraph 1 ?
A. It is necessary to burn the midnight oil before an exam or interview.
B. Sleep speeds up the loss of memory.
C. Man should have a good sleep if he wants to keep a good memory.
D. Staying up late will make you better prepared for an exam or interview.
42. It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that ____________.
A. some process helps memories to be washed out of the brain
B. professor Stickgold is doubtful about whether sleep can make memories better
C. some memories normally influence the function of the brain
D. sleep improves the condition of memories
43. How was the research conducted by Professor Stickgold?
A. The subjects were divided into two groups.
B. All the subjects were kept awake for 3 nights.
C. One group slept at the first night but was kept awake the next two nights.
D. One group was kept awake for 3 nights but the other slept for the second and third nights.
44. What was the study result of the scientists at the Medical University at Lubeck?
A. REM sleep is not important at all for the consolidation for memory.
B. Intellectual performance mainly depends on the slow wave sleep period.
C. When people sleep poorly in the first half of the night, it is almost the same as having no sleep at all.
D. REM sleep is as important as slow wave sleep in terms of memory recall.
45. The best title of this passage is ____________.
A. Sleep Necessary for Memories
B. The Importance of the First Stage of Sleep
C. Studies Made By Scientists About Sleep
D. The Scientists' Achievement in Sleep Research
答案：
文章开门见山提出本文的中心：考试或面试前熬夜不但没有好处，而且有害。然后再通过科学家的实验进一步论证这一观点。抓住本文的中心并以此展开对整篇文章的理解，是做好本文的关键。大家应特别注意文章的第一段，因为这是本文的主题段。
41．答案是C综合判断题。本文通过实验说明好的睡眠对记忆力至关重要：文章第一段就交代了整篇文章的中心，对本题有提示作用。
42．答案是D．推理判断题。Ppofes盼fStickSold的话说明，睡眠是不让记忆力衰退的关键。
43．答案是久细节理解题。文章第六、七段介绍参与实验者被分成两组，一组第一天晚上睡觉，另一组第一天晚上不睡觉。
44．答案是B．细节理解题。文章最后一段说明了slow wave睡眠阶段的重要性。
45．答案是A. 主旨归纳题。归纳文章第一段的内容可得出本题答案。
4. 读写任务
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇巧30词左右的英语短文：
MP4 is the short name for a special video format called MPEG-4. The format can compress large video content into a relatively small document while keeping its quality.
They named it MP4 mainly because it was regarded as an update from MP3. MP3 only compresses audio documents.
After MP3 players became popular, some technology companies started thinking about making videos that fit into people's pockets. In fact, most PDAs and some hand-held mobile phones already have video function.
Since then, manufacturers worldwide have joined in the rush. Among them are big companies like Sony, Microsoft and Apple, although they don't call their products MP4 players.
Sony called its product with video function the PMP (Portable Media Player). Microsoft prefers PMC (Personal Media Centre), while some others call the gadgets PVPs (Personal Video Player) .But, basically, these products all have the same core function--playing video content.
An MP4 player is not just an MP3 player with an extra video function.
In fact, MP4 players must be able to play, record, and transform large video content. That requires an overall change in both hardware and software. Storage must be enlarged, display strengthened, speakers powered, software upgraded, and appearance redesigned.
Since video function enriched the players, other functions such as games, cameras can be added. Sony's PSP (Play Station Portable) was originally built for video games.
In this case, PMP or PMC is more accurate a term than MP4.
你的英语老师在上英语口语课时，老师要求你班的同学每人作一个简短的英语发言，谈谈你们每人对MP3与MP4对青年学生学习和生活的的影响：请你；住备一篇发言稿，内容包括以下内容：
1、以约30个词概括短文的要点：
2、然后以约120个词就“MP3和MP4对青年学生学习和生活的影响”这个主题发表你的看法，并包括下面要点：
1)以你或你的朋友的经历为例，说明MP3，MP4对你或你的朋友的影响；
2)你的同学对这个问题如何看法；
3)你的父母和老师对学生玩MP3、MP4有何看法?
1．作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容但不得直接引用原文中的句子；标题自定；
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。
1．写作有可能用到的主要短语和单词：浪费时间和金钱waste one's time and money，为某事担心be worried about sth，流行，受欢迎be popular。
2．本文的概要必须包含以下要点：They named it MP4 mainly because it was regarded as an update from MP3. MP3 only compresses audio documents./After MP3 players became popular, some technology companies started thinking about making videos that fit into people's pockets.
3．本文要注意，概要一定要根据文段的时态来写。同时，绝对不能抄袭原文的句子。文章是讨论MP3与MP4对青年学生的影响”问题，属于评论性文字和结论性的观点，故多用一般现在时或 一般将来时态。但是“以你或你的朋友的经历为例”，也不一定写成故事，简单谈论一下就可以了。
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案:
MP3 and MP4, Bad or Good?
The writer tells us about the fact that MP4 updates MP3 because of the development of technology and its popularity among those youngsters.
Mp3 and Mp4 are quite popular among us students now. I often listen to Mp3, too. We should use Mp3 and Mp4 not only for having fun, but also for English learning if we listen to them after we have finished our homework. This will make teachers, parents and us students happy. Most of my classmates share my idea, but some of them think MP3 and MP4 waste our parents ' money.
Some teachers and parents are worried about this. They think listening to Mp3 and Mp4 can get in the way of school work, because some of us only use them to listen to music or watch movies. Some even bring Mp3 and Mp4 to school and listen to them in class.
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