（新高考）2021届高考二轮复习专题五 阅读理解 教师版

这是一份（新高考）2021届高考二轮复习专题五 阅读理解 教师版，共25页。

命题趋势
在2020年山东省新高考中，英语阅读题的总分由40分提升至50分，得阅读者得天下的法则，在新高考中被再次证实。高考阅读理解的命题有一定的规律可循，主要呈现如下趋势：
1.阅读理解题材广泛，追溯近年来高考阅读理解试题来源，可以发现文本素材全部来源于国外网站和刊物，通常选材时间跨度近10年内的网站内容作为素材。选材围绕三大主题语境，包括人与自然、社会和自我。充满鲜明的时代特征，具有一定的知识性、创新性和教育性。
2.体裁包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文。通常以说明文为主，总词数有增大的趋势。选材和试题设置难度适中，但阅读广泛对词汇量有所提升。在平时的复习中，应该学会利用派生法、转义法等方法拓展词汇，多熟悉新课标词汇变化。
3.常考试题类型有细节理解题、推理判断题、词义推断题、主旨大意题等。主要以细节理解和推理判断为主，考查学生的语篇理解能力、提取和处理信息能力、推断能力、分析能力，以及跨文化交际意识和恰当运用阅读策略的能力。
考点清单
一、细节理解类
（一）明考查方式和考查角度
Ⅰ.把握细节理解题的常见设问方式：
(1)特殊疑问句形式：以when, where, what, which, wh, hw much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题。
(2)填空题形式：通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节。
(3)就文中数字、排序等提问。
Ⅱ.明晰细节理解题的考查角度：
(1)高频考点：直接信息题；间接信息题。
(2)低频考点：数字计算题；正误判断题；细节排序题。
(二) 细节理解题正确选项特征
同义替换指对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如把lse ne's jb换成了be ut f wrk。有些细节理解题把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，如把imprtant变换成f imprtance；改变原文中句子的语态，如主动语态与被动语态的转换。
信息归纳用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，设置为正确答案。
正话反说把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。
原文原词利用原文原词作为正确选项。
(三)细节理解题干扰选项特征
张冠李戴是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容。
无中生有符合常识，但不是文章的内容。
曲解文意与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动。
颠倒是非在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。
正误参半部分正确，部分错误。
二、推理判断类
（一）明确考查特点
Ⅰ.把握推理判断题常见的命题方式
(1)We can infer frm the (first ) passage that ________．
(2)The passage/authr implies/suggests that ______．
(3)It can be cncluded frm the passage that ______．
(4)The main purpse f the passage is ________．
(5)Where des this passage prbably cme frm?
(6)What's the authr's attitude twards …?
(7)The writer develped the passage/his main idea by ________．
(8)The first paragraph serves as a(n) ________．
Ⅱ.掌握推理判断题的考查角度
(1)高频考点：推断隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度。
(2)低频考点：推断下段内容、文章出处、读者对象。
(二)推理判断题正确选项特征
推理判断题中的正确选项是依据文章的事实或证据推断出的符合逻辑的结论或观点，正确选项一般具有以下特征：
1．“立足原文，只推一步”，即根据原文内容，一步即可推得。
2．选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念。如nly, never, all, abslutely等，正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，会用一些相对能够留有一些余地的词汇，如ften, usually, smetimes, sme, may, might, can, culd, prbably等。
(三)推理判断题干扰选项特征
1．曲解文意：即推测意义与文章表层意义有区别。推理判断题中有些选项来自文章中的某一句或某几句话，命题者可能会利用里面的词设计出干扰项，看似表达文章的意思，其实是借题发挥，是对原文意思的曲解。
2．张冠李戴：即把文章中作者的观点与其他人的观点混淆在一起。题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是其他人的观点；题干问的是其他人的观点，选项中却出现了作者的观点。
3．偷梁换柱：干扰项用了与文章中某一句话相似的句型结构和单词，却在考生易忽视的地方换了几个单词，造成句意的改变。
4．无中生有：这种类型的干扰项往往是基本的生活常识或普遍认可的观点，但在文章中并无相关的信息支撑点。其次，这种干扰项也有可能与设置的问题毫不相干。
5．鱼目混珠：鱼目混珠类型的干扰项常出现在词句理解类试题的选项中，即利用某个词或句子的字面含义代替其在文章特定语境中的具体含义。
6．扩缩范围：为了准确、严密地表达文章内容，命题者特别注意对文意范围的限定，有时通过加上almst, all, nearly, mre than, nrmally, usually等词语对文意加以限制。“扩缩范围”干扰法就是在选项中通过改变或去掉限制性词语，将信息的范围、程度、感情色彩等改变，从而给考生解题造成干扰的命题方法。
三、词义猜测类
（一）明确考查特点
Ⅰ.把握词句猜测题常见的命题方式
(1)The phrase “...” in the sentence culd be replaced by ________．
(2)The wrd “...” in the paragraph refers t ______．
(3)What is the meaning f the underlined wrd in the ... paragraph？/What des the underlined wrd mean?
(4)Which f the fllwing is the clsest in meaning t the phrase “...”？
(5)The wrd “...” mst nearly means ________．
(6)The underlined sentence in the secnd paragraph implies that ________．
Ⅱ.掌握词句猜测题的考查角度
(1)猜测生词或熟词生义；(2)猜测短语的意义；(3)猜测替代词所替代的内容(如it, ne, they, this, that, these, thse等)；(4)猜测句意。
（二）明确方法技巧
（1）根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测
（2）根据同位关系进行猜测
（3）根据构词法(前缀、后缀、派生、合成等)进行猜测
（4）根据因果关系进行猜测
（5）根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测
（6）根据同义或近义关系进行猜测
（7）根据转折或对比关系进行猜测
（8）意义吻合定句意
四、主旨大意类题型
（一）明确考查特点
Ⅰ.把握主旨大意题常见的命题方式
What is the main idea f the text?
What des the text mainly tell us?
What wuld be the best title fr the text?
The main idea f the first/secnd/third paragraph is ___________.
Paragraph 1/2/3 mainly deals with ___________.
Ⅱ.掌握主旨大意题的考查角度
主旨大意类题型主要测试学生对文章全面理解和概括的能力，提问的内容可能是全文的大意，也可能是某段的段落大意，一般不易在文中直接找到答案。
（二）明确方法技巧
1.阅读文章的标题或副标题
文章的标题是一篇文章的题眼，通过阅读标题或副标题可以迅速把握文章的主旨大意。
2.寻找文章的主题句
分析篇章结构，找出文章主题。在许多情况下，尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过仔细阅读短文的第一句或第二句，即文章的主题句来归纳出文章的主题.若短文由若干段组成，除仔细阅读第一段的首句外，还须仔细阅读每一段的第一句，即段落中心。通常文章的中心思想包含在文章的首句，有时也在文章的末句，其他句子都是用来说明和阐述主题句。因此，在确定文章的中心思想时，要求学生重视阅读文章的首句和末句。但也有一些文章，中心思想常常贯穿在全文中，因此要求学生综观全文，对段落的内容要融会贯通，对文章透彻理解后归纳总结。主题句的特点是：1. 相对于其他句子，它表达的意思比较概括；2. 主题句一般结构简单；3. 段落中其他句子必定是用来解释，支撑或发展主题句所表达的思想的。
七、理清文章结构
文章的逻辑结构是文章重要的内在特征，了解篇章段落的逻辑结构对提高阅读理解的准度和速度有着不可估量的作用。因此，在平时的阅读理解训练中要强化领悟段落、篇章结构及行文逻辑内在规律，长此以往，内化于心，潜移默化形成读文的内在“情思”，这个“情思”就是指与文章情感思路一致的、默契的思维流动。具备了这种“情思”，快读、精读文章就达到了一种至高境界。
(一)记叙文中的“具体事例型段落”——抓住此事例围绕的观点
这种类型的段落整段都在讲具体事例。往往这个事例本身并不重要，而作者是为了证明自己的某个观点才讲了这样一个事例。因此，考生要站在宏观的角度把握这个事例证明了什么观点，或者说明了哪一方面。它的特点就是会有特别具体的描述词，比如某个人名，多次被提到，而且用到的动词也都是一些表示具体动作的动词，而不是观点动词。
(二)说明文中的“对比型段落”——分清层次最重要
这种段落最常见的就是按时间分类说明或按某一特性分类说明。针对这种段落，要特别留意段落中的过渡词，比如，abve all, in additin, finally等等。
(三)议论文中的“总分型段落”或“分总型段落”——一定要找到并读懂主旨句
“总分型段落”排列在一开始就给出了作者的观点或者要说明的主要内容。后面的大部分都在论证这个观点或者进行细节上的说明。针对这种类型的语篇，考生应该做到细读主旨段落，略读细节段落，以读懂主旨为要务。考生会发现文后的题目大都围绕主旨而命题，而偏离主旨的大都是干扰项，而不是正确答案。
“分总型段落”排列在开始和中间都是一些细节型的内容，有时是平行的细节，有时是层层递进，但一直到语篇的最后一段才点出最重要的观点或结论。显然读这种语篇的落脚点应该在结尾处。跟总分型的语篇相比，分总型的语篇有时更耗时间去发现主旨，因此考生们平时做题的时候要多去体会，争取在最短的时间找到主旨。
精题集训
（60分钟）
经典训练题
（一）
POETRY CHALLENGE
Write a pem abut hw curage, determinatin, and strength have helped yu face challenges in yur life.
Prizes
3 Grand Prizes: Trip t Washingtn, D.C. fr each f three winners, a parent and ne ther persn f the winner’s chice. Trip includes rund-trip air tickets, htel stay fr tw nights, and turs f the Natinal Air and Space Museum and the ffice f Natinal Gegraphic Wrld.
6 First Prizes: The bk Sky Pineer: A Phtbigraphy f Amelia Earhart signed by authr Crinne Szab and pilt Linda Finch.
50 Hnrable Mentins: Judges will chse up t 50 hnrable mentin winners, wh will each receive a T-shirt in memry f Earhart’s final flight.
Rules
Fllw all rules carefully t prevent disqualificatin.
■ Write a pem using 100 wrds r fewer. Yur pem can be any frmat, any number f lines.
■ Write by hand r type n a single sheet f paper. Yu may use bth the frnt and back f the paper.
■ On the same sheet f paper, write r type yur name, address, telephne number, and birth date.
■ Mail yur entry t us by Octber 31 this year.
1. Hw many peple can each grand prize winner take n the free trip?
A. Tw.
B. Three.
C. Fur.
D. Six.
2. What will each f the hnrable mentin winners get?
A. A plane ticket.
B. A bk by Crinne Szab.
C. A special T-shirt.
D. A pht f Amelia Earhart.
3. Which f the fllwing will result in disqualificatin?
A. Typing yur pem ut.
B. Writing a pem f 120 wrds.
C. Using bth sides f the paper.
D. Mailing yur entry n Octber 30.
【答案】1-3 ACB
【解析】本文为应用文，内容为诗歌竞赛的规则和奖项。
1.细节理解题。根据3 Grand Prizes中第一句 “Trip t Washingtn, D.C. fr each f three winners, a parent and ne ther persn f the winner's chice. ”可知，旅行可以携带两个人，故选A。
2. C 细节理解题。根据50 Hnrable Mentins这一段“Judges will chse up t 50 hnrable mentin winners, wh will each receive a T-shirt in memry f Earhart's final flight”，由此可知，纪念奖是送的T恤，故选C。
3. B 细节理解题。由Rules中“Fllw all rules carefully t prevent disqualificatin. Write a pem using 100 wrds r fewer. ”，写诗用词不能超过100词，故选B。
（二）
With the yung unable t affrd t leave hme and the ld at risk f islatin(孤独), mre families are chsing t live tgether.
The drway t peace and quiet, fr Nick Bright at least, leads straight t his mther-in-law, she lives n the grund flr, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their tw daughters.
Fur years ag they all mved int a three-strey Victrian huse in Bristl——ne f a grwing number f multigeneratinal families in the UK living tgether under the same rf. They share a frnt dr and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her wn kitchen, bathrm, bedrm and living rm n the grund flr.
“We flated the idea t my mum f sharing at a huse,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spke mre with Nick because I think it’s a big thing fr Nick t live with his mther-in-law.”
And what des Nick think? “Frm my standpint, it all seems t wrk very well. Wuld I recmmend it? Yes, I think I wuld.”
It’s hard t tell exactly hw many peple agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising fr sme time. Official reprts suggest that the number f husehlds with three generatins living tgether had risen frm 325,000 in 2002 t 419,000 in 2013.
Other varieties f multigeneratinal family are mre cmmn. Sme peple live with their elderly parents; many mre adult children are returning t the family hme, if they ever left. It is said that abut 20% f 25-34-year-lds live with their parents, cmpared with 16% in 1991.The ttal number f all multigeneratinal husehlds in Britain is thught t be abut 1.8 millin.
Stries like that are mre cmmn in parts f the wrld where multigeneratinal living is mre firmly rted. In India, particularly utside cities, yung wmen are expected t mve in with their husband’s family when they get married.
4. Wh mainly uses the grund flr in the Victrian huse in Bristl?
A. Nick.B. Rita.C. KathrynD. The daughters.
5. What is Nick’s attitude twards sharing the huse with his mther-in -law?
A. Psitive.B. Carefree.C. Tlerant.D. Unwilling.
6. What is the authr’s statement abut multigeneratinal family based n?
A. Family traditins.B. Financial reprts.C. Published statistics.D. Public pinins.
7. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Lifestyles in different cuntries.B. Cnflicts between generatins.
C. A husing prblem in Britain.D. A rising trend f living in the UK.
【答案】4-7 BACD
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。
4.细节理解题。根据第三段“ but Rita Whitehead has her wn kitchen, bathrm, bedrm and living rm n the grund flr.”可知，但Rita在一楼有自己的厨房、浴室、卧室和客厅。由此可知，Rita 在布里斯托尔的维多利亚式住宅中使用一楼。故选B项。
5.推理判断题。根据第五段“And what des Nick think? “Frm my standpint, it all seems t wrk very well. Wuld I recmmend it? Yes, I think I wuld.”可知，尼克是怎么想的?“从我的角度来看，一切都很顺利。我推荐它吗?是的，我想我会推荐在一起居住的。”由此判断出，尼克对和和岳母合住房子的态度是积极的。故选A项。
6.细节理解题。根据第六段“ Official reprts suggest that the number f husehlds with three generatins living tgether had risen frm 325,000 in 2002 t 419,000 in 2013.”官方报告显示，三代同堂的家庭数量从2002年的32.5万户增加到2013年的41.9万户。根据第七段“It is said that abut 20% f 25-34-year-lds live with their parents, cmpared with 16% in 1991.The ttal number f all multigeneratinal husehlds in Britain is thught t be abut 1.8 millin.”可知，据说，25-34岁的年轻人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年这一比例为16%。据估计，英国多代同堂的家庭总数约为180万。由此可知，作者关于多世同堂家庭的论述基于发布的统计数据。故选C项。
7.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“With the yung unable t affrd t leave hme and the ld at risk f islatin(孤独), mre families are chsing t live tgether.”可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一种上升趋势。故选D项。
高频易错题

（三）
In my everyday life, I am n an nging jurney t figure ut different ways t reduce my carbn ftprint n the planet. A carbn ftprint is the measure f influence ur activities have n the envirnment, in particular climate change. It is calculated by the amunt f greenhuse gas we prduce in ur daily lives. Frtunately, nwadays it is much easier t make ec-friendly lifestyle chices than, let's say, 20 years ag. But ne questin has been n my mind a lt lately: is it better t buy new ec-friendly prducts r used traditinally prduced gds?
After ding sme research, I have decided that sme things are better new and thers are better used. Let me try t explain.
A carbn ftprint is made up f tw parts, the primary ftprint and the secndary ftprint. The primary ftprint is a measure f ur direct emissins(排放) f carbn dixide (CO2) frm the burning f fuels, including husehld energy cnsumptin and transprtatin. The secndary ftprint is a measure f the indirect CO2 emissins frm the whle lifecycle f prducts we use —thse related t their prductin and breakdwn.
Based n this understanding, we have a gd deal f cntrl and respnsibility ver ur carbn ftprint. Things like dishes, clthes and furniture fall int the “secndary ftprint” grup, s less is mre and we can fcus n finding used gds t avid the added prductin. Hwever, fr the car and the ther appliances(设备) that we need we can g with new, energy-saving mdels. I heard smewhere that electrnics and appliances give ff 90% f their carbn ftprint after they leave the factry. S it seems mst reasnable t g fr the energy-saving mdels. The main cncern here is the amunt f energy that ges int the making f new prducts and whether r nt that extra carbn is wrth the ftprint the prduct will make nce it gets t yu.
8. What is the text mainly abut?
A. What appliances t buy t save energy.
B. What a carbn ftprint means in ur life.
C. Hw t identify different carbn ftprints.
D. Hw t make ec-friendly lifestyle chices.
9. What d we knw abut the secndary carbn ftprint?
A. It is related t ur cnsumptin f fuels.
B. It is made when we are buying the prducts.
C. It is less harmful than the primary carbn ftprint.
D. It is cunted as urs thugh nt directly made by us.
10. Which f the fllwing helps reduce ur carbn ftprint accrding t the authr?
A. Using secnd-hand textbks.
B. Using ld and expensive cars.
C. Buying new but cheap clthes.
D. Buying new wden furniture.
11. "The ftprint" underlined in the last sentence refers t the CO2 prduced in_______.
A. using the prduct
B. recycling the prduct
C. making the prduct
D. transprting the prduct
【答案】8-11 DDAC
【解析】这是一篇说明文，介绍了作者在面对环保时的选择：买新的环保产品还是旧的传统产品？针对这个问题，作者提出了碳足迹的概念并具体提出正确做法。
8.主旨大意题。由文章第一段最后和第二段可知，作者最近有一个问题：是买新的环保产品还是用传统生产的产品更好？在做了一些研究之后，作者进行理论解释和提出相应建议，文章更重选择那一类产品，而非什么样的电器，故选D。
9.细节理解题。由文章第三段可知，二次足迹是我们使用的与产品生产和分解相关的产品的整个生命周期的间接二氧化碳排放量的度量，由间接可排除A，B不是购买而是且使用中的，C于文无据，D项最符合使用过程中间接产生二氧化碳的要求。
10. 推理判断题。由文章第四段可知，像盘子、衣服和家具之类的东西属于“二次足迹”组，很少会产生二次足迹，所以可以集中精力寻找二手货，以避免增加生产，教科书就是属于这种类型。故选A。
11.词义猜测题。选择节能车型似乎最为合理，这里主要关心的是用于制造新产品的能源量，以及这些额外的碳是否值得产品在到达你面前时所产生的足迹，即是产品被创造出来而产生的碳足迹，与前面making f new prducts对应。故选C。
（四）
When yu were trying t figure ut what t buy fr the envirnmentalist n yur hliday list, fur prbably didn't crss yur mind. But sme eclgists and fashin（时装）enthusiasts are trying t bring back the market fr fur made frm nutria（海狸鼠）.
Unusual fashin shws in New Orleans and Brklyn have shwcased nutria fur made int clthes in different styles. “It sunds crazy t talk abut guilt-free fur unless yu understand that the nutria are destrying vast wetlands every year,” says Cree MeCree, prject directr f Righteus Fur.
Scientists in Luisiana were s cncerned that they decided t pay hunters $ 5 a tail. Sme f the fur ends up in the fashin shws like the ne in Brklyn last mnth.
Nutria were brught there frm Argentina by fur farmers and let g int the wild. “The ecsystem dwn there can't handle this nn-native species（物种）. It's destrying the envirnment. It's them r us,” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria in check fr decades, but when the market fr nutria cllapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Bilgist Edmnd Mutn runs the nutria cntrl prgram fr Luisiana. He says it's nt easy t cnvince peple that nutria fur is green, but he has n dubt abut it. Hunters bring in mre than 300, 000 nutria tails a year, s part f Mutn's jb these days is trying t prmte fur.
Then there's Righteus Fur and its unusual fashins. Mdel Paige Mrgan says, “T give peple a guilt-free ptin that they can wear withut smene thrwing paint n them — I think that's ging t be a massive thing, at least here in New Yrk.” Designer Jennifer Andersn admits it tk her a while t cme arund t the pinin that using nutria fur fr her creatins is mrally acceptable. She's trying t cme up with a label t attach t nutria fashins t shw it is ec-friendly.
12. What is the purpse f the fashin shws in New Orleans and Brklyn?
A. T prmte guilt-free fur.
B. T expand the fashin market.
C. T intrduce a new brand.
D. T celebrate a winter hliday.
13. Why are scientists cncerned abut nutria?
A. Nutria damage the ecsystem seriusly.
B. Nutria are an endangered species.
C. Nutria hurt lcal cat-sized animals.
D. Nutria are illegally hunted.
14. What des the underlined wrd “cllapsed” in paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A. Bmed.
B. Became mature.
C. Remained stable.
D. Crashed.
15. What can we infer abut wearing fur in New Yrk accrding t Mrgan?
A. It's frmal.
B. It's risky.
C. It's harmful.
D. It's traditinal.
【答案】12-15 AADB
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了海狸鼠毛皮市场的发展及人们对穿着海狸鼠毛皮制成的不同风格的时装的各种观点。
12.考查推理判断题。根据题干信息定位到第二段“Unusual fashin shws in New Orleans and Brklyn have shwcased nutria fur made int clthes in different styles.” “It sunds crazy t talk abut guilt-free fur-unless yu understand that the nutria are destrying vast wetlands every year…”，故选A。
13.考查细节理解题。根据题干信息定位到第三段“Scientists in Luisiana were s cncerned that they decided t pay hunters $ 5 a tail.”和第四段“Nutria were brught there frm Argentina by fur farmers and let g int the wild ‘The ecsystem dwn there can't handle this nn-native species. It's destrying the envirnment…’”，故选A。
14.考查词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句的后半部分“the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy…”（猫那么大小的动物疯狂地繁殖），与之相反，海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃了，故选D。
15.考查推理判断题。根据题干信息定位到最后一段“T give peple a guilt-free ptin that they can wear withut smene thrwing paint n them — I think that's ging t be a massive thing, at least here in New Yrk”，故选B。
精准预测题
（五）
Bk Recmmendatin
Secnd Harvest
Authr: Dn Agey
Like the first installment, Eclectic Harvest, this bk includes rhymed pems which emply different petic techniques. If yu are interested in it, buy it at a discunt.
Of Human Nature and Gd Habits
Authr: Prabhash Karan
Research claims that maintaining nly 5 gd habits—eating healthily, exercising, drinking prperly, nt smking and maintaining a healthy bdy weight—can nt nly keep the life in glden years healthy but als extend the lifetime f the ld men and wmen by 12 years and 14 years respectively. The bk illustrates sme aspects f lifestyles. As yu can see, this bk is especially suitable fr peple after retirement.
The Dueling Wizards f Simpletwn
Authr: Whitney Lee Prestn
The Dueling Wizards f Simpletwn is a tale f fantasy invlving tw silly magicians, and a tricky plan by their tw-faced servant. There is n dubt that kids will like it.
Marvlt and Greg Get in Big Truble with a Dinsaur
Authr: Cnnr Anstiss
Marvlt and Greg live next dr t each ther, and are best friends. These tw naughty 8-year-lds seem t get int all srts f trubles. At the z, they have a much different encunter. Will they be kay? Read it and find the answer yurself.
16．Which bk will interest petry lvers mst?
A．Secnd Harvest.
B．Of Human Nature and Gd Habits.
C．The Dueling Wizards f Simpletwn.
D．Marvlt and Greg Get in Big Truble with a Dinsaur.
17．What des Prabhash Karan think enables the aged t live lnger?
A．Gaining weight.B．Keeping a healthy diet.
C．Eating mre.D．Drinking much wine.
18．What’s Marvlt and Greg Get in Big Truble with a Dinsaur abut?
A．A stry f z keepers.
B．The experience f tw magicians.
C．A tale f the animal and children.
D．The way t deal with naughty children.
【答案】16-18ABC
【解析】这是一篇应用文。短文向读者推荐了四本书。
16.细节理解题。根据关键词“petry”定位到Secnd Harvest，结合本段中“Like the first installment, Eclectic Harvest, this bk includes rhymed pems which em-ply different petic techniques.”和第一部《收获折衷主义》一样，这本书收录了押韵的诗歌，运用了不同的诗歌技巧。所以Secnd Harvest这本书最能吸引诗歌爱好者。故选A。
17.细节理解题。结合关键词“Prabhash Karan”可以定位到“Of Human Nature and Gd Habits”，结合“Research claims that maintaining nly 5 gd habits—eating healthily, exercising, drinking prperly, nt smking and maintaining a healthy bdy weight—can nt nly keep the life in glden years healthy but als extend the lifetime f the ld men and wmen by 12 years and 14 years respectively. ”研究表明，只保持健康饮食、锻炼、适量饮酒、不吸烟、保持健康体重等5个良好习惯，不仅可以使老年人的晚年生活保持健康，而且可以使老年人的寿命分别延长12年和14年。可知，保持五个良好的习惯（健康饮食、运动、适量饮酒、不吸烟、保持健康体重）可以让男性老人和女性老人的预期寿命分别延长12年和14年。故选B。
18.细节理解题。结合关键词“Marvlt and Greg Get in Big Truble with a Dinsaur”，定位到文章最后一个黑体字部分。根据“Marvlt and Greg live next dr t each ther, and are best friends. These tw naughty 8-year-lds seem t get int all srts f trubles. At the z, they have a much different encunter” Marvlt 和 Greg 是邻居，他们是最好的朋友。这两个淘气的八岁小孩，好像惹了很多麻烦。在动物园里，他们有着截然不同的遭遇。可知，这本书讲述了关于动物和孩子的故事。故选C。
（六）
Sacagawea was nt afraid. Althugh she was nly 16 years ld and the nly female in an explratin grup f mre than 45 peple, she was ready t curageusly make her mark in American histry.
In 1803, President Thmas Jeffersn bught mre than 825,000 square miles f land frm France. T explre this new part f the cuntry, Jeffersn sent Lewis and William Clark n a tw-year jurney t reprt n what they fund. They needed lcal guides t help them thrugh this unknwn territry.
Brn t a Shshne chief arund 1788, Sacagawea had been kidnapped (绑架) by an enemy tribe when she was abut 12, then sld t a French-Canadian trapper. When the trapper was hired as a guide fr Lewis and Clark's expeditin in 1804, Sacagawea als jined as an interpreter t talk t Native-American peple n their 8, 000-mile jurney.
Sacagawea sn became a respected member f the grup. She was skilled at finding plants fr fd and medicine t help keep the explrers alive. When a bat capsized (翻) n the Missuri River as they were crssing int what is nw Mntana, Sacagawea saved imprtant bks and much-needed supplies. When they needed hrses t crss rugh area, she cnvinced a Shshne tribe—led by her lng-lst brther—t give them sme. She was s esteemed by Lewis and Clark that when they reached the Pacific Ocean in Nvember 1805, Sacagawea was asked t cast her vte fr where they shuld build a frt (营地).
Sacagawea prved herself again after the grup tk a different rute hme thrugh what is nw Idah. As they passed thrugh her hmeland, Sacagawea remembered Shshne trails frm her childhd and helped the expeditin find their way thrugh. Clark even praised her as his “pilt”.
She received n pay fr her services and died n December 20, 1812. But Sacagawea's bravery and skill live n in the expeditin's jurnals, which are full f praise fr the 16-year-ld Shshne girl wh guided the mst famus American expeditin f all time.
19．Why did the explrers hire Sacagawea?
A．T d trade.B．T fight the enemy.
C．T be safer.D．T help cmmunicate.
20．What des the underlined wrd “esteemed” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Respected.B．Suspected.
C．Influenced.D．Prmted.
21．What d yu think f Sacagawea's rle in the expeditin?
A．Active.B．Irreplaceable.
C．Tricky.D．Unreliable.
22．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．A special hnr.B．A great expeditin.
C．An utstanding girl.D．An unknwn territry.
【答案】19-22 DABC
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述女孩Sacagawea帮助探险队成功探险的故事。
19．细节理解题。根据第三段Sacagawea als jined as an interpreter t talk t Native-American peple n their 8, 000-mile jurney.可知，探险家雇佣Sacagawea目的是帮助他们和当地印第安人交流。故选D。
20．词义猜测题。根据划线单词后半句when they reached the Pacific Ocean in Nvember 1805, Sacagawea was asked t cast her vte fr where they shuld build a frt.当他们在1805年11月到达太平洋时，Sacagawea被要求投票决定他们应该在哪里建造营地。可推知，Sacagawea受到Lewis 和Clark 的尊敬，他们才会要求Sacagawea决定在哪里露营；由此可知，划线单词“esteemed”的意思是repected “尊敬”之意，故选A。
21．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段描述Sacagawea prved herself again after the grup tk a different rute hme thrugh what is nw Idah. …and helped the expeditin find their way thrugh. Clark even praised her as his “pilt”. Sacagawea再次证明了自己的能力，她的团队选择了一条不同的路线，穿过现在的爱达荷州回家。当他们经过她的家乡时，Sacagawea想起了她童年时在Shshne部落留下的的足迹，并帮助探险队找到了道路。Clark甚至称赞她是他的“领航员”。可知，Sacagawea在探险活动的地位是无可替代的。故选B。
22．主旨大意题。本文讲述女孩Sacagawea帮助探险队成功探险的故事，由此可知，An utstanding girl. 一个杰出的女孩。切题。故选C。
（七）
Scientists have develped a new type f smart bandage (绷带) that can signal the type f bacterial (细菌的) infectin it’s prtecting, just like a traffic light, as well as release the right type f drugs n demand. The traffic light system wrks just like this: Green means n bacteria r a lw cncentratin f bacteria, yellw means drug-sensitive (DS) bacteria respnsive t standard antibitics (抗生素) and causes antibitic release, and red means drug-resistant (DR) bacteria that need extra help t be wiped ut.
In testing the bandage n mice, the research team was able t successfully treat bth DS and DR infectins using the new methd. Hwever, the cmmn methds f sensing resistance are limited by time, the requirement fr prfessinal persnnel, and expensive instruments. Mrever, the abuse f antibitics causes the accelerated prcess f bacterial resistance.
It’s easy t see hw a simple bandage and light culd vercme sme f these limitatins. Treatment desn’t have t wait fr a dctr t make a diagnsis, and the bandage can get the right srt f drugs applied at the earliest pprtunity. What’s mre, the persn wearing the bandage gets real-time feedback n what’s happening with the infectin, if there’s an infectin at all. The researchers say it ffers numerus benefits ver existing treatments that make use f light, including phtdynamic therapy r PDT.
We’ve been seeing quite a few upgrades t the traditinal bandage in recent years, thanks t advances in science — like the nanfiber mesh that attracts bacteria and draws sme f it ut, speeding up the healing prcess. Then there’s the nvel bandage fr treating burns, which stps bacteria frm multiplying and lwers the risk f infectin.
The mre wrk that a bandage can d while it’s prtecting a wund, the better. Effrts t imprve bandages cntinue and nw we've gt a bandage that nt nly releases antibitics, but als tells the patient exactly what’s ging n t.
23．What is the smart bandage mainly designed t d?
A．Avid the use f antibitics.B．Clear ut harmful bacteria.
C．Detect bacterial infectins.D．Increase treatment ptins.
24．What is the advantage f the smart bandage?
A．It saves much time and cst.B．It remves the risk f infectin.
C．It prevents the bacterial resistance.D．It imprves dctr-patient relatinship.
25．What can be inferred frm the last tw paragraphs?
A．Traditinal bandages are ut f use nw.
B．Mre smart bandages will be develped.
C．Prgress in science calls fr mre research.
D．Peple are urged t study medical science.
26．What des the text fcus n?
A．A successful test n mice.B．A clur-changing bandage.
C．Sensing drug-resistant bacteria.D．Preventing abuse f antibitics.
【答案】23-26 CABB
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家们已经开发出一种新型的智能绷带，它可以像交通灯一样显示出它所保护的细菌感染类型，并根据需要释放出正确的药物类型。文章说明了这种绷带的优势以及预测未来的发展。
23．细节理解题。根据第一段中Scientists have develped a new type f smart bandage (绷带) that can signal the type f bacterial (细菌的) infectin it’s prtecting, just like a traffic light, as well as release the right type f drugs n demand.可知，科学家们已经开发出一种新型的智能绷带，它可以像交通灯一样显示出它所识别的细菌感染类型，并根据需要释放出正确的药物类型。由此可知，智能绷带的主要功能是检测细菌感染。故选C。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段中Hwever, the cmmn methds f sensing resistance are limited by time, the requirement fr prfessinal persnnel, and expensive instruments.可知，常用的检测抵抗力的方法受到时间、专业人员的要求和昂贵仪器的限制。以及第三段第一句It’s easy t see hw a simple bandage and light culd vercme sme f these limitatins.可知，很容易看出一个简单的绷带和光可以克服这些限制。由此可知，智能绷带的优点是节省了很多时间和成本。故选A。
25．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Effrts t imprve bandages cntinue and nw we’ve gt a bandage that nt nly releases antibitics, but als tells the patient exactly what’s ging n t.可知，努力改进绷带仍在继续，现在我们有了一种绷带，不仅能释放抗生素，还能告诉病人到底发生了什么。由此可推知，更多的智能绷带将被开发。故选B。
26．推理判断题。根据第一段中Scientists have develped a new type f smart bandage (绷带) that can signal the type f bacterial (细菌的) infectin it’s prtecting, just like a traffic light, as well as release the right type f drugs n demand.可知，科学家们已经开发出一种新型的智能绷带，它可以像交通灯一样显示出它所保护的细菌感染类型，并根据需要释放出正确的药物类型。结合文章还说明了这种绷带的优势和未来的发展趋势。由此可推知，文章的重点是变色绷带。故选B。
（八）
New research has fund that grey seals can simulate(模仿）human speech and sngs. The study carried ut by Dr Amanda Stansbury and Prfessr Vincent Janik, at the University f St Andrews, fund that grey seals use the same sund prductin system as humans due t having similar vcal tracts(声道）。
Three yung grey seals-Zla, Gandalf and Janice were mnitred frm birth by Stansbury and Janik t determine their natural talents. Once this prcess was cmplete, the researchers began teaching the seals t simulate cmmn seal sunds r nises a seal might nrmally hear frm a herd mate in the wild. Fish was used t encurage the seals t cme ut f the water and sing a series f ntes. Stansbury wuld recrd the seals' wn sunds and play them back. The seals quickly learnt that if they sang back the same ntes, they wuld be rewarded with fish.
Once the seals were familiar with this prcess and culd easily cpy these basic sunds, Stansbury and Janik used higher and lnger tnes and unfamiliar vwels frm human speech. The seals were then rewarded fr matching these new sunds. Stansbury even used sme cmbinatins t simulate sngs that n seal wuld be expected t prduce under natural circumstances. Zla had a gift fr cpying up t ten ntes f sngs such as Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star and the theme sng f Star Wars. Gandalf and Janice were better at accurately reprducing cmbinatins f human vwel sunds.
Stansbury said, “I was amazed hw well the seals cpied the mdel sunds we played t them. Cpies were nt perfect, but given that these are nt typical seal sunds, it is pretty impressive. Our study really shws hw flexible seal vices are."
After ne year f wrking with the researchers, the seal pups were released back int the wild. “This study gives us a better understanding f the develpment f vcal learning, a skill that is imprtant fr human language develpment.” Janik believes this knwledge can help t develp new methds t study speech prblems.
27．What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A．Grey seals’ learning envirnments.
B．A research finding n grey seals.
C．Humans’ sund prductin system.
D．A cmparisn f humans and grey seals.
28．In the study, fish wuld be given when the seals .
A．made funny nisesB．came ut f the water
C．repeated the same ntesD．cpied typical fish sunds
29．What can we find abut Zla based n the research?
A．It can cpy sme musical sunds played t her.
B．It is gd at cpying human vwel sunds.
C．It is smarter than Gandalf and Janice.
D．It likes singing children's sngs.
30．What des Janik think f the research result?
A．It shws the living envirnments f grey seals.
B．It leads t a better understanding f human vcal system.
C．It raises an awareness f the need t prtect grey seals.
D．It brings inspiratins fr research n speech prblems.
【答案】27-30 BCAD
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了科学家对灰海豹的研究新发现---海豹可以模拟人类语言和歌曲。最后提到这个研究的结果对现实意义的指导作用。
27．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的New research has fund that grey seals can simulate human speech and sngs.新研究发现,灰海豹可以模拟人类语言和歌曲。和fund that grey seals use the same sund prductin system as humans due t having similar vcal tracts发现灰海豹由于有相似的声带而使用与人类相同的发声系统。可知，第一段整段在讲述了是科学家对灰海豹的研究新发现。故选B项。
28．细节理解题。根据文章第2段Fish was used t encurage the seals t cme ut f the water and sing a series f ntes. Stansbury wuld recrd the seals ‘wn sunds and play them back. The seals quickly learnt that if they sang back the same ntes, they wuld be rewarded with fish.鱼被用来鼓励海豹从水里出来唱一系列的歌注；Stansbury会录下海豹的声音然后播放回来。海豹很快就学会了。如果它们唱回同样的音符，就会得到鱼的奖赏。可知，在这项研究中，当海豹重复同样的音符时，会喂它们鱼。故选C项。
29．推理判断题。根据第3段Zla had a gift fr cpying up t ten ntes f sngs such as Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star and the theme sng f Star Wars（Zla有可以模仿多达十个音符的歌曲的天赋。如Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star和Star Wars的主题曲）由此判断Zla能很好地模仿播放给它们听的声音。故选A项。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段This study gives us a better understanding f the develpment f vcal learning, a skill that is imprtant fr human language develpment. Janik believes this knwledge can help t develp new methds t study speech prblems这项研究让我们对声乐学习的发展有了更好的了解，声乐学习是人类语言发展的一项重要技能。Janik认为，这些知识有助于开发研究语音问题的新方法。由此判断出研究结果为语音问题的研究带来启示。故选D项。