(新高考)高考英语二轮精品专题五 阅读理解(2份打包，解析版+原卷版)

这是一份(新高考)高考英语二轮精品专题五 阅读理解(2份打包，解析版+原卷版)，文件包含新高考高考英语二轮精品专题五阅读理解原卷版doc、新高考高考英语二轮精品专题五阅读理解解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共41页， 欢迎下载使用。

专题五
××

阅读理解






命题趋势

在2020年山东省新高考中，英语阅读题的总分由40分提升至50分，得阅读者得天下的法则，在新高考中被再次证实。高考阅读理解的命题有一定的规律可循，主要呈现如下趋势：
1.阅读理解题材广泛，追溯近年来高考阅读理解试题来源，可以发现文本素材全部来源于国外网站和刊物，通常选材时间跨度近10年内的网站内容作为素材。选材围绕三大主题语境，包括人与自然、社会和自我。充满鲜明的时代特征，具有一定的知识性、创新性和教育性。
2.体裁包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文。通常以说明文为主，总词数有增大的趋势。选材和试题设置难度适中，但阅读广泛对词汇量有所提升。在平时的复习中，应该学会利用派生法、转义法等方法拓展词汇，多熟悉新课标词汇变化。
3.常考试题类型有细节理解题、推理判断题、词义推断题、主旨大意题等。主要以细节理解和推理判断为主，考查学生的语篇理解能力、提取和处理信息能力、推断能力、分析能力，以及跨文化交际意识和恰当运用阅读策略的能力。
考点清单

一、细节理解类
（一）明考查方式和考查角度
Ⅰ.把握细节理解题的常见设问方式：
(1)特殊疑问句形式：以when, where, what, which, who, how much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题。
(2)填空题形式：通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节。
(3)就文中数字、排序等提问。
Ⅱ.明晰细节理解题的考查角度：
(1)高频考点：直接信息题；间接信息题。
(2)低频考点：数字计算题；正误判断题；细节排序题。
(二) 细节理解题正确选项特征
同义替换 指对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如把lose one's job换成了be out of work。有些细节理解题把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，如把important变换成of importance；改变原文中句子的语态，如主动语态与被动语态的转换。
信息归纳 用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，设置为正确答案。
正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。
原文原词 利用原文原词作为正确选项。

(三)细节理解题干扰选项特征
张冠李戴 是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容。
无中生有 符合常识，但不是文章的内容。
曲解文意 与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动。
颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。
正误参半 部分正确，部分错误。

二、推理判断类
（一）明确考查特点
Ⅰ.把握推理判断题常见的命题方式
(1)We can infer from the (first .../last) passage that ________．
(2)The passage/author implies/suggests that ______．
(3)It can be concluded from the passage that ______．
(4)The main purpose of the passage is ________．
(5)Where does this passage probably come from?
(6)What's the author's attitude towards …?
(7)The writer developed the passage/his main idea by ________．
(8)The first .../last paragraph serves as a(n) ________．
Ⅱ.掌握推理判断题的考查角度
(1)高频考点：推断隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度。
(2)低频考点：推断下段内容、文章出处、读者对象。
(二)推理判断题正确选项特征
推理判断题中的正确选项是依据文章的事实或证据推断出的符合逻辑的结论或观点，正确选项一般具有以下特征：
1．“立足原文，只推一步”，即根据原文内容，一步即可推得。
2．选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念。如only, never, all, absolutely等，正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，会用一些相对能够留有一些余地的词汇，如often, usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, probably等。
(三)推理判断题干扰选项特征
1．曲解文意：即推测意义与文章表层意义有区别。推理判断题中有些选项来自文章中的某一句或某几句话，命题者可能会利用里面的词设计出干扰项，看似表达文章的意思，其实是借题发挥，是对原文意思的曲解。
2．张冠李戴：即把文章中作者的观点与其他人的观点混淆在一起。题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是其他人的观点；题干问的是其他人的观点，选项中却出现了作者的观点。
3．偷梁换柱：干扰项用了与文章中某一句话相似的句型结构和单词，却在考生易忽视的地方换了几个单词，造成句意的改变。
4．无中生有：这种类型的干扰项往往是基本的生活常识或普遍认可的观点，但在文章中并无相关的信息支撑点。其次，这种干扰项也有可能与设置的问题毫不相干。
5．鱼目混珠：鱼目混珠类型的干扰项常出现在词句理解类试题的选项中，即利用某个词或句子的字面含义代替其在文章特定语境中的具体含义。
6．扩缩范围：为了准确、严密地表达文章内容，命题者特别注意对文意范围的限定，有时通过加上almost, all, nearly, more than, normally, usually等词语对文意加以限制。“扩缩范围”干扰法就是在选项中通过改变或去掉限制性词语，将信息的范围、程度、感情色彩等改变，从而给考生解题造成干扰的命题方法。

三、词义猜测类
（一）明确考查特点
Ⅰ.把握词句猜测题常见的命题方式
(1)The phrase “...” in the sentence could be replaced by ________．
(2)The word “...” in the paragraph refers to ______．
(3)What is the meaning of the underlined word in the ... paragraph？/What does the underlined word mean?
(4)Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase “...”？
(5)The word “...” most nearly means ________．
(6)The underlined sentence in the second paragraph implies that ________．
Ⅱ.掌握词句猜测题的考查角度
(1)猜测生词或熟词生义；(2)猜测短语的意义；(3)猜测替代词所替代的内容(如it, one, they, this, that, these, those等)；(4)猜测句意。
（二）明确方法技巧
（1）根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测
（2）根据同位关系进行猜测
（3）根据构词法(前缀、后缀、派生、合成等)进行猜测
（4）根据因果关系进行猜测
（5）根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测
（6）根据同义或近义关系进行猜测
（7）根据转折或对比关系进行猜测
（8）意义吻合定句意

四、主旨大意类题型
（一）明确考查特点
Ⅰ.把握主旨大意题常见的命题方式
What is the main idea of the text?
What does the text mainly tell us?
What would be the best title for the text?
The main idea of the first/second/third paragraph is ___________.
Paragraph 1/2/3 mainly deals with ___________.

Ⅱ.掌握主旨大意题的考查角度
主旨大意类题型主要测试学生对文章全面理解和概括的能力，提问的内容可能是全文的大意，也可能是某段的段落大意，一般不易在文中直接找到答案。
（二）明确方法技巧
1.阅读文章的标题或副标题
文章的标题是一篇文章的题眼，通过阅读标题或副标题可以迅速把握文章的主旨大意。
2.寻找文章的主题句
分析篇章结构，找出文章主题。在许多情况下，尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过仔细阅读短文的第一句或第二句，即文章的主题句来归纳出文章的主题.若短文由若干段组成，除仔细阅读第一段的首句外，还须仔细阅读每一段的第一句，即段落中心。通常文章的中心思想包含在文章的首句，有时也在文章的末句，其他句子都是用来说明和阐述主题句。因此，在确定文章的中心思想时，要求学生重视阅读文章的首句和末句。但也有一些文章，中心思想常常贯穿在全文中，因此要求学生综观全文，对段落的内容要融会贯通，对文章透彻理解后归纳总结。主题句的特点是：1. 相对于其他句子，它表达的意思比较概括；2. 主题句一般结构简单；3. 段落中其他句子必定是用来解释，支撑或发展主题句所表达的思想的。


七、理清文章结构
文章的逻辑结构是文章重要的内在特征，了解篇章段落的逻辑结构对提高阅读理解的准度和速度有着不可估量的作用。因此，在平时的阅读理解训练中要强化领悟段落、篇章结构及行文逻辑内在规律，长此以往，内化于心，潜移默化形成读文的内在“情思”，这个“情思”就是指与文章情感思路一致的、默契的思维流动。具备了这种“情思”，快读、精读文章就达到了一种至高境界。
(一)记叙文中的“具体事例型段落”——抓住此事例围绕的观点
这种类型的段落整段都在讲具体事例。往往这个事例本身并不重要，而作者是为了证明自己的某个观点才讲了这样一个事例。因此，考生要站在宏观的角度把握这个事例证明了什么观点，或者说明了哪一方面。它的特点就是会有特别具体的描述词，比如某个人名，多次被提到，而且用到的动词也都是一些表示具体动作的动词，而不是观点动词。
(二)说明文中的“对比型段落”——分清层次最重要
这种段落最常见的就是按时间分类说明或按某一特性分类说明。针对这种段落，要特别留意段落中的过渡词，比如，above all, in addition, finally等等。
(三)议论文中的“总分型段落”或“分总型段落”——一定要找到并读懂主旨句
“总分型段落”排列在一开始就给出了作者的观点或者要说明的主要内容。后面的大部分都在论证这个观点或者进行细节上的说明。针对这种类型的语篇，考生应该做到细读主旨段落，略读细节段落，以读懂主旨为要务。考生会发现文后的题目大都围绕主旨而命题，而偏离主旨的大都是干扰项，而不是正确答案。
“分总型段落”排列在开始和中间都是一些细节型的内容，有时是平行的细节，有时是层层递进，但一直到语篇的最后一段才点出最重要的观点或结论。显然读这种语篇的落脚点应该在结尾处。跟总分型的语篇相比，分总型的语篇有时更耗时间去发现主旨，因此考生们平时做题的时候要多去体会，争取在最短的时间找到主旨。













精题集训
（60分钟）

经典训练题

（一）
POETRY CHALLENGE
Write a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.
Prizes
3 Grand Prizes: Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner’s choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World.
6 First Prizes: The book Sky Pioneer: A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch.
50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight.
Rules
Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.
■ Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines.
■ Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both the front and back of the paper.
■ On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name, address, telephone number, and birth date.
■ Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.

1. How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip?
A. Two.
B. Three.
C. Four.
D. Six.
2. What will each of the honorable mention winners get?
A. A plane ticket.
B. A book by Corinne Szabo.
C. A special T-shirt.
D. A photo of Amelia Earhart.
3. Which of the following will result in disqualification?
A. Typing your poem out.
B. Writing a poem of 120 words.
C. Using both sides of the paper.
D. Mailing your entry on October 30.
【答案】1-3 ACB
【解析】本文为应用文，内容为诗歌竞赛的规则和奖项。
1.细节理解题。根据3 Grand Prizes中第一句 “Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner's choice. ”可知，旅行可以携带两个人，故选A。
2. C 细节理解题。根据50 Honorable Mentions这一段“Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight”，由此可知，纪念奖是送的T恤，故选C。
3. B 细节理解题。由Rules中“Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. ”，写诗用词不能超过100词，故选B。

（二）
With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together.
The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law, she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.
Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol——one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.
“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing at a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spoke more with Nick because I think it’s a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.”
And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.”
It’s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2002 to 419,000 in 2013.
Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.
Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husband’s family when they get married.

4. Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol?
A. Nick. B. Rita. C. Kathryn D. The daughters.
5. What is Nick’s attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in -law?
A. Positive. B. Carefree. C. Tolerant. D. Unwilling.
6. What is the author’s statement about multigenerational family based on?
A. Family traditions. B. Financial reports. C. Published statistics. D. Public opinions.
7. What is the text mainly about?
A. Lifestyles in different countries. B. Conflicts between generations.
C. A housing problem in Britain. D. A rising trend of living in the UK.
【答案】4-7 BACD
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。
4.细节理解题。根据第三段“ but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.”可知，但Rita在一楼有自己的厨房、浴室、卧室和客厅。由此可知，Rita 在布里斯托尔的维多利亚式住宅中使用一楼。故选B项。
5.推理判断题。根据第五段“And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.”可知，尼克是怎么想的?“从我的角度来看，一切都很顺利。我推荐它吗?是的，我想我会推荐在一起居住的。”由此判断出，尼克对和和岳母合住房子的态度是积极的。故选A项。
6.细节理解题。根据第六段“ Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2002 to 419,000 in 2013.”官方报告显示，三代同堂的家庭数量从2002年的32.5万户增加到2013年的41.9万户。根据第七段“It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.”可知，据说，25-34岁的年轻人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年这一比例为16%。据估计，英国多代同堂的家庭总数约为180万。由此可知，作者关于多世同堂家庭的论述基于发布的统计数据。故选C项。
7.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together.”可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一种上升趋势。故选D项。

高频易错题

（三）
In my everyday life, I am on an ongoing journey to figure out different ways to reduce my carbon footprint on the planet. A carbon footprint is the measure of influence our activities have on the environment, in particular climate change. It is calculated by the amount of greenhouse gas we produce in our daily lives. Fortunately, nowadays it is much easier to make eco-friendly lifestyle choices than, let's say, 20 years ago. But one question has been on my mind a lot lately: is it better to buy new eco-friendly products or used traditionally produced goods?
After doing some research, I have decided that some things are better new and others are better used. Let me try to explain.
A carbon footprint is made up of two parts, the primary footprint and the secondary footprint. The primary footprint is a measure of our direct emissions(排放) of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the burning of fuels, including household energy consumption and transportation. The secondary footprint is a measure of the indirect CO2 emissions from the whole lifecycle of products we use —those related to their production and breakdown.
Based on this understanding, we have a good deal of control and responsibility over our carbon footprint. Things like dishes, clothes and furniture fall into the “secondary footprint” group, so less is more and we can focus on finding used goods to avoid the added production. However, for the car and the other appliances(设备) that we need we can go with new, energy-saving models. I heard somewhere that electronics and appliances give off 90% of their carbon footprint after they leave the factory. So it seems most reasonable to go for the energy-saving models. The main concern here is the amount of energy that goes into the making of new products and whether or not that extra carbon is worth the footprint the product will make once it gets to you.

8. What is the text mainly about?
A. What appliances to buy to save energy.
B. What a carbon footprint means in our life.
C. How to identify different carbon footprints.
D. How to make eco-friendly lifestyle choices.
9. What do we know about the secondary carbon footprint?
A. It is related to our consumption of fuels.
B. It is made when we are buying the products.
C. It is less harmful than the primary carbon footprint.
D. It is counted as ours though not directly made by us.
10. Which of the following helps reduce our carbon footprint according to the author?
A. Using second-hand textbooks.
B. Using old and expensive cars.
C. Buying new but cheap clothes.
D. Buying new wooden furniture.
11. "The footprint" underlined in the last sentence refers to the CO2 produced in_______.
A. using the product
B. recycling the product
C. making the product
D. transporting the product
【答案】8-11 DDAC
【解析】这是一篇说明文，介绍了作者在面对环保时的选择：买新的环保产品还是旧的传统产品？针对这个问题，作者提出了碳足迹的概念并具体提出正确做法。
8.主旨大意题。由文章第一段最后和第二段可知，作者最近有一个问题：是买新的环保产品还是用传统生产的产品更好？在做了一些研究之后，作者进行理论解释和提出相应建议，文章更重选择那一类产品，而非什么样的电器，故选D。
9.细节理解题。由文章第三段可知，二次足迹是我们使用的与产品生产和分解相关的产品的整个生命周期的间接二氧化碳排放量的度量，由间接可排除A，B不是购买而是且使用中的，C于文无据，D项最符合使用过程中间接产生二氧化碳的要求。
10. 推理判断题。由文章第四段可知，像盘子、衣服和家具之类的东西属于“二次足迹”组，很少会产生二次足迹，所以可以集中精力寻找二手货，以避免增加生产，教科书就是属于这种类型。故选A。
11.词义猜测题。选择节能车型似乎最为合理，这里主要关心的是用于制造新产品的能源量，以及这些额外的碳是否值得产品在到达你面前时所产生的足迹，即是产品被创造出来而产生的碳足迹，与前面making of new products对应。故选C。


（四）
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn't cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion（时装）enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria（海狸鼠）.
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,” says Cree MeCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $ 5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can't handle this non-native species（物种）. It's destroying the environment. It's them or us,” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it's not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300, 000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton's job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there's Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions. Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them — I think that's going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She's trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.

12. What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?
A. To promote guilt-free fur.
B. To expand the fashion market.
C. To introduce a new brand.
D. To celebrate a winter holiday.
13. Why are scientists concerned about nutria?
A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.
B. Nutria are an endangered species.
C. Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.
D. Nutria are illegally hunted.
14. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Boomed.
B. Became mature.
C. Remained stable.
D. Crashed.
15. What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?
A. It's formal.
B. It's risky.
C. It's harmful.
D. It's traditional.
【答案】12-15 AADB
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了海狸鼠毛皮市场的发展及人们对穿着海狸鼠毛皮制成的不同风格的时装的各种观点。
12.考查推理判断题。根据题干信息定位到第二段“Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles.” “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year…”，故选A。
13.考查细节理解题。根据题干信息定位到第三段“Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $ 5 a tail.”和第四段“Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild ‘The ecosystem down there can't handle this non-native species. It's destroying the environment…’”，故选A。
14.考查词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句的后半部分“the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy…”（猫那么大小的动物疯狂地繁殖），与之相反，海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃了，故选D。
15.考查推理判断题。根据题干信息定位到最后一段“To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them — I think that's going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York”，故选B。

精准预测题


（五）
Book Recommendation
Second Harvest
Author: Don Agey
Like the first installment, Eclectic Harvest, this book includes rhymed poems which employ different poetic techniques. If you are interested in it, buy it at a discount.
Of Human Nature and Good Habits
Author: Prabhash Karan
Research claims that maintaining only 5 good habits—eating healthily, exercising, drinking properly, not smoking and maintaining a healthy body weight—can not only keep the life in golden years healthy but also extend the lifetime of the old men and women by 12 years and 14 years respectively. The book illustrates some aspects of lifestyles. As you can see, this book is especially suitable for people after retirement.
The Dueling Wizards of Simpletown
Author: Whitney Lee Preston
The Dueling Wizards of Simpletown is a tale of fantasy involving two silly magicians, and a tricky plan by their two-faced servant. There is no doubt that kids will like it.
Marvlt and Goreg Get in Big Trouble with a Dinosaur
Author: Connor Anstiss
Marvlt and Goreg live next door to each other, and are best friends. These two naughty 8-year-olds seem to get into all sorts of troubles. At the zoo, they have a much different encounter. Will they be okay? Read it and find the answer yourself.
16．Which book will interest poetry lovers most?
A．Second Harvest.
B．Of Human Nature and Good Habits.
C．The Dueling Wizards of Simpletown.
D．Marvlt and Goreg Get in Big Trouble with a Dinosaur.
17．What does Prabhash Karan think enables the aged to live longer?
A．Gaining weight. B．Keeping a healthy diet.
C．Eating more. D．Drinking much wine.
18．What’s Marvlt and Goreg Get in Big Trouble with a Dinosaur about?
A．A story of zoo keepers.
B．The experience of two magicians.
C．A tale of the animal and children.
D．The way to deal with naughty children.
【答案】16-18ABC
【解析】这是一篇应用文。短文向读者推荐了四本书。
16.细节理解题。根据关键词“poetry”定位到Second Harvest，结合本段中“Like the first installment, Eclectic Harvest, this book includes rhymed poems which em-ploy different poetic techniques.”和第一部《收获折衷主义》一样，这本书收录了押韵的诗歌，运用了不同的诗歌技巧。所以Second Harvest这本书最能吸引诗歌爱好者。故选A。
17.细节理解题。结合关键词“Prabhash Karan”可以定位到“Of Human Nature and Good Habits”，结合“Research claims that maintaining only 5 good habits—eating healthily, exercising, drinking properly, not smoking and maintaining a healthy body weight—can not only keep the life in golden years healthy but also extend the lifetime of the old men and women by 12 years and 14 years respectively. ”研究表明，只保持健康饮食、锻炼、适量饮酒、不吸烟、保持健康体重等5个良好习惯，不仅可以使老年人的晚年生活保持健康，而且可以使老年人的寿命分别延长12年和14年。可知，保持五个良好的习惯（健康饮食、运动、适量饮酒、不吸烟、保持健康体重）可以让男性老人和女性老人的预期寿命分别延长12年和14年。故选B。
18.细节理解题。结合关键词“Marvlt and Goreg Get in Big Trouble with a Dinosaur”，定位到文章最后一个黑体字部分。根据“Marvlt and Goreg live next door to each other, and are best friends. These two naughty 8-year-olds seem to get into all sorts of troubles. At the zoo, they have a much different encounter” Marvlt 和 Goreg 是邻居，他们是最好的朋友。这两个淘气的八岁小孩，好像惹了很多麻烦。在动物园里，他们有着截然不同的遭遇。可知，这本书讲述了关于动物和孩子的故事。故选C。

（六）
Sacagawea was not afraid. Although she was only 16 years old and the only female in an exploration group of more than 45 people, she was ready to courageously make her mark in American history.
In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson bought more than 825,000 square miles of land from France. To explore this new part of the country, Jefferson sent Lewis and William Clark on a two-year journey to report on what they found. They needed local guides to help them through this unknown territory.
Born to a Shoshone chief around 1788, Sacagawea had been kidnapped (绑架) by an enemy tribe when she was about 12, then sold to a French-Canadian trapper. When the trapper was hired as a guide for Lewis and Clark's expedition in 1804, Sacagawea also joined as an interpreter to talk to Native-American people on their 8, 000-mile journey.
Sacagawea soon became a respected member of the group. She was skilled at finding plants for food and medicine to help keep the explorers alive. When a boat capsized (翻) on the Missouri River as they were crossing into what is now Montana, Sacagawea saved important books and much-needed supplies. When they needed horses to cross rough area, she convinced a Shoshone tribe—led by her long-lost brother—to give them some. She was so esteemed by Lewis and Clark that when they reached the Pacific Ocean in November 1805, Sacagawea was asked to cast her vote for where they should build a fort (营地).
Sacagawea proved herself again after the group took a different route home through what is now Idaho. As they passed through her homeland, Sacagawea remembered Shoshone trails from her childhood and helped the expedition find their way through. Clark even praised her as his “pilot”.
She received no pay for her services and died on December 20, 1812. But Sacagawea's bravery and skill live on in the expedition's journals, which are full of praise for the 16-year-old Shoshone girl who guided the most famous American expedition of all time.
19．Why did the explorers hire Sacagawea?
A．To do trade. B．To fight the enemy.
C．To be safer. D．To help communicate.
20．What does the underlined word “esteemed” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Respected. B．Suspected.
C．Influenced. D．Promoted.
21．What do you think of Sacagawea's role in the expedition?
A．Active. B．Irreplaceable.
C．Tricky. D．Unreliable.
22．What is the passage mainly about?
A．A special honor. B．A great expedition.
C．An outstanding girl. D．An unknown territory.
【答案】19-22 DABC
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述女孩Sacagawea帮助探险队成功探险的故事。
19．细节理解题。根据第三段Sacagawea also joined as an interpreter to talk to Native-American people on their 8, 000-mile journey.可知，探险家雇佣Sacagawea目的是帮助他们和当地印第安人交流。故选D。
20．词义猜测题。根据划线单词后半句when they reached the Pacific Ocean in November 1805, Sacagawea was asked to cast her vote for where they should build a fort.当他们在1805年11月到达太平洋时，Sacagawea被要求投票决定他们应该在哪里建造营地。可推知，Sacagawea受到Lewis 和Clark 的尊敬，他们才会要求Sacagawea决定在哪里露营；由此可知，划线单词“esteemed”的意思是repected “尊敬”之意，故选A。
21．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段描述Sacagawea proved herself again after the group took a different route home through what is now Idaho. …and helped the expedition find their way through. Clark even praised her as his “pilot”. Sacagawea再次证明了自己的能力，她的团队选择了一条不同的路线，穿过现在的爱达荷州回家。当他们经过她的家乡时，Sacagawea想起了她童年时在Shoshone部落留下的的足迹，并帮助探险队找到了道路。Clark甚至称赞她是他的“领航员”。可知，Sacagawea在探险活动的地位是无可替代的。故选B。
22．主旨大意题。本文讲述女孩Sacagawea帮助探险队成功探险的故事，由此可知，An outstanding girl. 一个杰出的女孩。切题。故选C。

（七）
Scientists have developed a new type of smart bandage (绷带) that can signal the type of bacterial (细菌的) infection it’s protecting, just like a traffic light, as well as release the right type of drugs on demand. The traffic light system works just like this: Green means no bacteria or a low concentration of bacteria, yellow means drug-sensitive (DS) bacteria responsive to standard antibiotics (抗生素) and causes antibiotic release, and red means drug-resistant (DR) bacteria that need extra help to be wiped out.
In testing the bandage on mice, the research team was able to successfully treat both DS and DR infections using the new method. However, the common methods of sensing resistance are limited by time, the requirement for professional personnel, and expensive instruments. Moreover, the abuse of antibiotics causes the accelerated process of bacterial resistance.
It’s easy to see how a simple bandage and light could overcome some of these limitations. Treatment doesn’t have to wait for a doctor to make a diagnosis, and the bandage can get the right sort of drugs applied at the earliest opportunity. What’s more, the person wearing the bandage gets real-time feedback on what’s happening with the infection, if there’s an infection at all. The researchers say it offers numerous benefits over existing treatments that make use of light, including photodynamic therapy or PDT.
We’ve been seeing quite a few upgrades to the traditional bandage in recent years, thanks to advances in science — like the nanofiber mesh that attracts bacteria and draws some of it out, speeding up the healing process. Then there’s the novel bandage for treating burns, which stops bacteria from multiplying and lowers the risk of infection.
The more work that a bandage can do while it’s protecting a wound, the better. Efforts to improve bandages continue and now we've got a bandage that not only releases antibiotics, but also tells the patient exactly what’s going on too.
23．What is the smart bandage mainly designed to do?
A．Avoid the use of antibiotics. B．Clear out harmful bacteria.
C．Detect bacterial infections. D．Increase treatment options.
24．What is the advantage of the smart bandage?
A．It saves much time and cost. B．It removes the risk of infection.
C．It prevents the bacterial resistance. D．It improves doctor-patient relationship.
25．What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?
A．Traditional bandages are out of use now.
B．More smart bandages will be developed.
C．Progress in science calls for more research.
D．People are urged to study medical science.
26．What does the text focus on?
A．A successful test on mice. B．A colour-changing bandage.
C．Sensing drug-resistant bacteria. D．Preventing abuse of antibiotics.
【答案】23-26 CABB
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家们已经开发出一种新型的智能绷带，它可以像交通灯一样显示出它所保护的细菌感染类型，并根据需要释放出正确的药物类型。文章说明了这种绷带的优势以及预测未来的发展。
23．细节理解题。根据第一段中Scientists have developed a new type of smart bandage (绷带) that can signal the type of bacterial (细菌的) infection it’s protecting, just like a traffic light, as well as release the right type of drugs on demand.可知，科学家们已经开发出一种新型的智能绷带，它可以像交通灯一样显示出它所识别的细菌感染类型，并根据需要释放出正确的药物类型。由此可知，智能绷带的主要功能是检测细菌感染。故选C。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段中However, the common methods of sensing resistance are limited by time, the requirement for professional personnel, and expensive instruments.可知，常用的检测抵抗力的方法受到时间、专业人员的要求和昂贵仪器的限制。以及第三段第一句It’s easy to see how a simple bandage and light could overcome some of these limitations.可知，很容易看出一个简单的绷带和光可以克服这些限制。由此可知，智能绷带的优点是节省了很多时间和成本。故选A。
25．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Efforts to improve bandages continue and now we’ve got a bandage that not only releases antibiotics, but also tells the patient exactly what’s going on too.可知，努力改进绷带仍在继续，现在我们有了一种绷带，不仅能释放抗生素，还能告诉病人到底发生了什么。由此可推知，更多的智能绷带将被开发。故选B。
26．推理判断题。根据第一段中Scientists have developed a new type of smart bandage (绷带) that can signal the type of bacterial (细菌的) infection it’s protecting, just like a traffic light, as well as release the right type of drugs on demand.可知，科学家们已经开发出一种新型的智能绷带，它可以像交通灯一样显示出它所保护的细菌感染类型，并根据需要释放出正确的药物类型。结合文章还说明了这种绷带的优势和未来的发展趋势。由此可推知，文章的重点是变色绷带。故选B。

（八）
New research has found that grey seals can simulate(模仿）human speech and songs. The study carried out by Dr Amanda Stansbury and Professor Vincent Janik, at the University of St Andrews, found that grey seals use the same sound production system as humans due to having similar vocal tracts(声道）。
Three young grey seals-Zola, Gandalf and Janice were monitored from birth by Stansbury and Janik to determine their natural talents. Once this process was complete, the researchers began teaching the seals to simulate common seal sounds or noises a seal might normally hear from a herd mate in the wild. Fish was used to encourage the seals to come out of the water and sing a series of notes. Stansbury would record the seals' own sounds and play them back. The seals quickly learnt that if they sang back the same notes, they would be rewarded with fish.
Once the seals were familiar with this process and could easily copy these basic sounds, Stansbury and Janik used higher and longer tones and unfamiliar vowels from human speech. The seals were then rewarded for matching these new sounds. Stansbury even used some combinations to simulate songs that no seal would be expected to produce under natural circumstances. Zola had a gift for copying up to ten notes of songs such as Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star and the theme song of Star Wars. Gandalf and Janice were better at accurately reproducing combinations of human vowel sounds.
Stansbury said, “I was amazed how well the seals copied the model sounds we played to them. Copies were not perfect, but given that these are not typical seal sounds, it is pretty impressive. Our study really shows how flexible seal voices are."
After one year of working with the researchers, the seal pups were released back into the wild. “This study gives us a better understanding of the development of vocal learning, a skill that is important for human language development.” Janik believes this knowledge can help to develop new methods to study speech problems.
27．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．Grey seals’ learning environments.
B．A research finding on grey seals.
C．Humans’ sound production system.
D．A comparison of humans and grey seals.
28．In the study, fish would be given when the seals .
A．made funny noises B．came out of the water
C．repeated the same notes D．copied typical fish sounds
29．What can we find about Zola based on the research?
A．It can copy some musical sounds played to her.
B．It is good at copying human vowel sounds.
C．It is smarter than Gandalf and Janice.
D．It likes singing children's songs.
30．What does Janik think of the research result?
A．It shows the living environments of grey seals.
B．It leads to a better understanding of human vocal system.
C．It raises an awareness of the need to protect grey seals.
D．It brings inspirations for research on speech problems.
【答案】27-30 BCAD
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了科学家对灰海豹的研究新发现---海豹可以模拟人类语言和歌曲。最后提到这个研究的结果对现实意义的指导作用。
27．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的New research has found that grey seals can simulate human speech and songs.新研究发现,灰海豹可以模拟人类语言和歌曲。和found that grey seals use the same sound production system as humans due to having similar vocal tracts发现灰海豹由于有相似的声带而使用与人类相同的发声系统。可知，第一段整段在讲述了是科学家对灰海豹的研究新发现。故选B项。
28．细节理解题。根据文章第2段Fish was used to encourage the seals to come out of the water and sing a series of notes. Stansbury would record the seals ‘own sounds and play them back. The seals quickly learnt that if they sang back the same notes, they would be rewarded with fish.鱼被用来鼓励海豹从水里出来唱一系列的歌注；Stansbury会录下海豹的声音然后播放回来。海豹很快就学会了。如果它们唱回同样的音符，就会得到鱼的奖赏。可知，在这项研究中，当海豹重复同样的音符时，会喂它们鱼。故选C项。
29．推理判断题。根据第3段Zola had a gift for copying up to ten notes of songs such as Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star and the theme song of Star Wars（Zola有可以模仿多达十个音符的歌曲的天赋。如Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star和Star Wars的主题曲）由此判断Zola能很好地模仿播放给它们听的声音。故选A项。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段This study gives us a better understanding of the development of vocal learning, a skill that is important for human language development. Janik believes this knowledge can help to develop new methods to study speech problems这项研究让我们对声乐学习的发展有了更好的了解，声乐学习是人类语言发展的一项重要技能。Janik认为，这些知识有助于开发研究语音问题的新方法。由此判断出研究结果为语音问题的研究带来启示。故选D项。