人教版 (新课标)必修3&4Unit 3 A taste of English humour练习

这是一份人教版 (新课标)必修3&4Unit 3 A taste of English humour练习，共18页。

Unit 3　A taste of English humour
Learning about Language
语法精讲·探究学习
动词-ing形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语


用所给词的适当形式填空, 并指出其在句中所充当的成分
1. No one was ever bored watching him—his subtle acting made everything entertaining (entertain). (宾语补足语)
2. He grew more and more popular as his charming (charm) character, the little tramp, became known throughout the world. (定语)
3. He walked around stiffly carrying a walking (walk) stick. (定语)
4. The acting is so convincing (convince) that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted. (表语)

一、动词-ing形式在句中作表语
1. 作表语的动词-ing所体现的是名词的特性, 用于对主语的内容进行解释说明, 可表示抽象或习惯上的动作, 且主语和表语可以换位。
*One of his weaknesses is telling lies. = Telling lies is one of his weaknesses. 他的缺点之一就是撒谎。
*My job is delivering milk from door to door every morning.
我的工作就是每天早上挨家挨户送牛奶。
2. 作表语的现在分词是形容词性的, 表示主语的性质或特征, 这时通常看作是形容词, 且主语与表语不可换位。
*The report is very disturbing. 这个报告令人感到不安。
*The argument is very convincing. 这个论点很令人信服。

　　作表语的动词-ing形式, 许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有: moving, interesting, encouraging, exciting, inspiring, boring, surprising, puzzling, amusing, astonishing等, 有“令人……的”的含义, 常修饰物。

(1)At that time, my job was taking care of the homeless dogs.  
曾经有一段时间, 我的工作就是照看那些无家可归的狗。
(2)Your task is cleaning the old car over there on your own.  
你的工作是亲自打扫那边那辆旧车。
(3)The story sounds very encouraging.
故事听起来非常令人鼓舞。
(4)The result of the exam is quite surprising.
考试的结果非常令人吃惊。
二、动词-ing作定语
1. 动词-ing作定语表示名词的属性或事物的用途时, 一般只能作前置定语, 此时意为“供作……之用”, 与被修饰词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系, 在意义上相当于“名词+for+ doing”。
*There is a swimming pool in our school. 我们学校有一个游泳池。
*Students are not permitted to speak aloud in the reading room. 在阅览室里不允许学生们大声喧哗。
2. 动词-ing作定语时可表示所修饰的名词的动作或状态, 相当于一个定语从句。
*The boys gathering at the school gate are my classmates. =The boys who are gathering at the school gate are my classmates. 聚集在门口的那些男孩是我的同学。
*The girl performing on the stage has a gift for dance.
=The girl who is performing on the stage has a gift for dance.
那个在舞台上表演的女孩有舞蹈天赋。

(1)单个的动词-ing形式作定语放在名词前, 动词-ing短语应放在所修饰的名词之后。
(2)动词-ing形式的完成时形式一般不作定语, 若要表达完整意义最好用定语从句。

(1)语法填空。
①Grandma came into my bedroom with a walking (walk) stick in her hand.
②They are planning to build a swimming(swim) pool for the kids.
③The student talking (talk)with the foreigners over there is our monitor.
④The boys playing(play) basketball over there are from our class.
(2)句型转换。
①The students working in the country will be back tomorrow.
→The students who are working in the country will be back tomorrow.  
②The building being built now will be our library.
→The building that/which is being built now will be our library.  
三、动词-ing作宾语补足语
1. 动词-ing位于感官动词后(see, hear, feel, smell, watch, find, observe, notice等)。
*I heard someone singing in the park when I passed there.
我经过公园的时候听到有人在唱歌。
*I felt someone patting me on the shoulder.
我感觉有人在拍我的肩膀。
*I saw Tom doing exercise by the river this morning when I passed by. 今早我路过的时候, 我看到Tom正在河边锻炼。
2. 表示指使意义的使役动词(常见的有have, keep, get, leave等)+sb. /sth. +doing sth. 。
*We won’t have you doing that. 我们不允许你那样做。
*You shouldn’t have the water running like this all night.
你不应该让水整夜这样流着。

　　使役动词接现在分词作宾语补足语表示“让……一直做某事”。接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语表示“让某人做某事”; 接过去分词作宾语补足语, 表示“主语请某人做某事, 使完成某事或主语遭遇某事”。
*The cruel boss makes the poor workers work day and night. 狠心的老板让可怜的工人们夜以继日地工作。
*I had my leg broken when I played basketball yesterday.
我昨天打篮球的时候腿断了。
3. 用于with的复合结构中。
*I couldn’t do my homework with the noise going on.
由于噪音不断, 我没法做家庭作业。
*With so many people looking at her, she felt nervous.
这么多人看着她, 她感到很紧张。
语法填空。
(1)With the temperature rising(rise), the leaves and grass began to appear.
(2)When the little girl found so many people surrounding (surround)her, she felt very nervous.  
(3)When I saw the dog being beaten(beat) by several boys, I came up to stop them.  
(4)The man left us standing(stand) alone, unable to find any help.
(5)Don’t have the lights burning (burn) all night. It will waste too much electricity.  
课时检测·素养达标
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. The professor giving (give) us a speech about writing now is from Peking University.
2. Listen! The music the musicians are playing over there sounds interesting (interest).
3. When I was on my way to school this morning, I saw two women arguing (argue).
4. By far, there are many problems remaining(remain) to be solved.
5. We were all amazed(amaze) that he didn’t keep his word as before.
6. It was astonishing(astonish) that the shy girl stood up and answered the question.
7. A beggar in rags stood there with his eyes staring(stare) at the steak on the plate.
8. The bridge being built(build) at present over that river will come into use next month.  
9. My parents don’t allow us to watch(watch) violent TV programs.  
10. Don’t leave the girl waiting(wait) outside all the time.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. This result is very disappointing(太令人失望) and we don’t know what to say.  
2. Several students are reading books in the waiting room (候车室).  
3. What Helen hates most is being laughed at by others(被别人嘲笑).  
4. The man, looking very worried(看上去很担心), walked up and down in the street.  
5. My mother kept me practising playing the piano(练习弹钢琴), which made me annoyed.  
6. The film was very moving(非常感人) and I was moved to tears.  
7. The stadium being built(在修建中) at present in the city is intended for the coming Asian Games.  
8. To be honest, my favorite hobby is reading books(看书).  

依据提示补全短文
　　The man on the screen is 1. an ordinary farmer (一位普通的农民). He 2. is content with (对……满意)his life now. He enjoys singing very much. He often practices singing in the fields and 3. entertains people with(使某人快乐) his songs. Though his family was 4. badly off(贫穷) in the past, he 5. overcame a lot of difficulties (克服了很多困难) to sing. He devoted himself to singing and made himself crazy about the music regardless of how busy he was with the farm work.  
Fortunately, his 6. convincing (convince) voice contributed to his success in a singing competition in a program at CCTV. It made him famous throughout China. 7. Up to now (直到现在), as a farmer singer, he has been more popular with people. His persistence and determination has paid off with a famous title — the Chinese “Uncle Susan”.  
课时素养评价
八　Unit 3　Learning about Language

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. The manager’s task is determining (determine) how we can improve the services we offer our customers.
2. When the police arrived, they spotted the man boarding (board) a plane flying to Paris.
3. The walking (walk) stick I bought at the foot of Mount Tai is intended for my granny.
4. There is a note at the table saying (say) that my parents have gone to the party.
5. The moment was more exciting (excite) than anything in the NBA finals.
6. When I saw a girl there crying (cry), I came over to her and asked her whether she needed help.
7. Mrs Brown was walking along the path, with her little daughter following (follow) her.
8. According to the report, the number of people in the world living (live) with depression is increasing.
9. The shy boy put up his hand, wanting to answer the question, which was a surprising (surprise) change.
10. You will find it astonishing (astonish) that the boy survived that plane crash.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. The service here is disappointing. You should go to that restaurant next time.
这里的服务让人失望。下次你应该去那个饭店。
2. Mary felt her heart jumping faster when the teacher read the examination result.  
当老师宣读考试结果的时候, 玛丽感觉自己的心跳加快了。
3. This organization also plans to help all Haitians have fresh drinking water and toilets by 2030.  
这个组织也计划帮助所有的海地人到2030年时能有干净的饮用水和厕所。
4. Do you know the boy talking to our headmaster now? 
你认识那个正在跟我们校长说话的男孩吗?
5. The rate of using fuels now like gas and oil is very surprising and they may be used up one day.  
我们现在用化石燃料如天然气和石油的速度是非常令人吃惊的, 它们有一天可能会被用完。
6. The boss made them working all day long, but he gave them low salaries.  
老板让他们整天工作, 但给的工资却很低。
7. Those people standing outside are allowed to enter the hall now.  
现在允许站在外面的人进入大厅。
8. Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain.  
别让她在外面淋雨等着。

Ⅰ. 阅读理解
　　The British are known for their sense of humour. However, it is often difficult for foreigners to understand their jokes. The main point to remember is that the British often use understatement.
Understatement means saying less than you think or feel. For example, if someone gets very wet in a shower of rain, he might say, “It’s a little damp(潮湿的)outside. ”Or, if someone is very impolite and shouts at another person, someone else might say, “She isn’t exactly friendly. ” Understatement is often used in unpleasant situation or to make another person look silly. Understatement plays an important part in British humour.
Another key to understanding British humour is that the British like to make fun of themselves as well as others. They often laugh about the silly and unpleasant things that happen to our everyday life when someone accidentally falls over in the street. They also like to make jokes about people from different classes of society. They like to make jokes about their accents, the way they dress and the way they behave. What’s more, the British love to watch comedies about people who do not know how to behave in society. The comedy series Mr Bean is a good example of this kind of humour. Mr Bean is the character created by British actor Rowan Atkinson in 1990.
Mr Bean doesn’t talk often, and instead he uses his body movements and facial expressions to make people laugh. Perhaps what makes Mr Bean so funny is that he does things that adults in the real world cannot do. Mr Bean is popular in many countries around the world because you do not have to speak English to understand the humour. Because of this, many people have become familiar with the British sense of humour.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 主要介绍的是如何理解英式幽默。
1. Why is it difficult for foreigners to understand British jokes?
A. The British often enlarge the fact.
B. British jokes are connected with many different cultures.
C. The British try to make out that something is less important than it is.
D. British jokes are not as funny as jokes in other countries.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段The main point to remember is that the British often use understatement. 及第二段中的Understatement means saying less than you think or feel. 可知, 英国人经常使用轻描淡写, 轻描淡写意味着说得比你想得或感觉得要少, 所以外国人很难理解英国笑话是因为英国人总是试图让别人觉得事情没有那么重要。
2. The author explains understatement by_______.  
A. using examples　　　　 B. making comparisons
C. following time order D. describing a process
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段For example, if someone gets very wet in a shower of rain, he might say, “It’s a little damp outside. ”Or, if someone is very impolite and shouts at another person, someone else might say, “She isn’t exactly friendly. ”可知, 作者是通过举例子来解释轻描淡写的。
3. Mr Bean makes people laugh by _______.  
A. telling funny stories
B. making jokes about others’ accents
C. copying how others behave
D. using his body movements and facial expressions
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段Mr Bean doesn’t talk often, and instead he uses his body movements and facial expressions to make people laugh. 可知, 憨豆先生是通过肢体动作和面部表情使人发笑的。
4. What can be the best title for the text?
A. British Humour in Comedy
B. Humour in Different Cultures
C. Developing Your Sense of Humour
D. Understanding British Humour
【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据第一段However, it is often difficult for foreigners to understand their jokes. The main point to remember is that the British often use understatement. 及倒数第二段Another key to understanding British humour is that the British like to make fun of themselves as well as others. 可知, 外国人很难理解英式幽默, 要记住的主要一点是英国人经常使用轻描淡写, 另一个理解英式幽默的关键是英国人不仅喜欢嘲笑别人还喜欢嘲笑自己, 因此本文主要介绍的如何理解英式幽默。
Ⅱ. 完形填空
(2020·济南高一检测)
　　It had been a nice and sunny day. I stepped slowly towards the edge of the cliff and looked out. The 　1　 was wonderful. I could 　2　 the gentle wind coming from the coast while watching the brilliant sunset.  
My dad and I used to enjoy the sunset together on that very 　3　. We would also watch the waves crash into the 　4　 below. My mother would always annoy us how 　5　 it was. I was never worried, 　6　 I always felt safe next to my father, who spent most of his life out 　7　 in his boat.  
I remember one time on his boat I had 　8　 off the back and into the cold water accidentally. My dad immediately jumped off to 　9　 me. I would never forget that day, and from that point I knew 　10　 would prevent my dad protecting me if I was in danger.  
As I 　11　 there on top of the cliff, I remembered the time I spent with my dad. I looked down sorrowfully at the urn (骨灰瓮) 　12　. My father was my rock, someone I could 　13　 when I needed him most. But now he was gone, and I felt sorrowful and 　14　.  
It had always been my father’s last 　15　 to have his ashes scattered at sea. I 　16　 the urn, said a 　17　 farewell (告别), and then slowly twisted off the lid. The wind started to change 　18　, blowing out towards the sea. I looked last time down at my father’s ashes and then 　19　 for a moment. Finally, I scattered the contents over the cliff.  
I wiped away tears, but it was perfect happiness rather than sadness, because I finally knew the man who 　20　 so much to me, my father, was finally at peace.  
【文章大意】本文通过回忆和父亲在生活中的点点滴滴来表达“我”对父亲的怀念。
1. A. journey　 B. condition　 C. view 　D. food
【解析】选C。根据题空上一句中的 “I stepped slowly towards the edge of the cliff and looked out. ” 和题空下一句中的 “the brilliant sunset” 可知, 作者看到的是风景, 故 view “风景”符合语境。 journey“旅程”; condition“条件”; food“食物”。
2. A. see B. feel C. hear D. smell
【解析】选B。“我”能感受到温和的海风。 see“看到”; feel“感受到”; hear“听见”; smell“闻到”。根据语境可知, B项正确。
3. A. spot B. river C. field D. moment
【解析】选A。“我”和父亲以前经常一起在那个地方欣赏日落。 spot“地点”; river“河流”; field“田地”; moment“时刻”。根据语境可知, A项正确。
4. A. wind B. rubbish C. walls D. rocks
【解析】选D。我们会看到海浪冲击下面的岩石, 故 rock “岩石”符合语境。
5. A. embarrassing B. interesting
C. beautiful D. dangerous
【解析】选D。母亲总是会生我们的气, (因为)那样看日落太危险了。故 dangerous “危险的”符合语境。 embarrassing“令人尴尬的”; interesting“有趣的”; beautiful“美丽的”。
6. A. because B. when C. if D. though
【解析】选A。“我”从不担心, 因为当“我”在父亲身边的时候, 总是感觉很安全。根据语境可知, 此处需用 because来引导原因状语从句。
7. A. at peace B. at rest
C. at sunset D. at sea
【解析】选D。“我”父亲的大部分时间是在海上他的船中度过的。 at peace“处于和平状态”; at rest“安息, 静止的”; at sunset“日落时”; at sea“在海上”。根据语境可知, D项正确。
8. A. jumped B. fallen C. dived D. swum
【解析】选B。根据“accidentally”可判断, “我”掉进海里了, 故 fall“落下, 掉下”符合语境。 jump“跳”; dive“跳水”; swim“游泳”。
9. A. comfort B. search C. rescue D. follow
【解析】选C。父亲马上跳下船去救“我”。 comfort“安慰”; search“搜寻”; rescue“营救”; follow“跟随”。根据语境可知, C项正确。
10. A. everything B. something
C. nothing D. anything
【解析】选C。从那时起, “我”认识到, 如果自己遇上危险, 没有任何东西能阻止父亲去保护“我”。 everything“一切”; something“某事”; nothing“没有任何东西”; anything“任何事物”。根据语境可知, C项正确。
11. A. stood B. lay C. hanged D. slept
【解析】选A。当“我”站在悬崖的顶端。 stand“站立”; lie“躺, 撒谎”; hang 的过去式为hanged时意为“上吊, 绞死”; sleep“睡觉”。根据语境可知, A项正确。
12. A. under my arm B. in my hand
C. on my shoulder D. around my neck
【解析】选B。“我”很悲痛地看着手里的骨灰瓮。故 in my hand “在我的手里”符合语境。 under my arm“在我的胳膊下”; on my shoulder“在我的肩膀上”; around my neck“在我的脖子上”。
13. A. care for B. learn from
C. depend on D. turn down
【解析】选C。当“我”非常需要他时, 父亲是“我”可以依靠的人。 care for“照看”; learn from“从……学到”; depend on“依靠, 信赖”; turn down“拒绝, 关小”。根据语境可知, C项正确。
14. A. fearless B. hopeless C. careless 　 D. shameless
【解析】选B。但是现在他已离“我”而去, “我”感到悲伤和绝望。 fearless“无畏的”; hopeless“绝望的”; careless“粗心的”; shameless“无耻的”。根据语境可知, B项正确。
15. A. chance B. behaviour
C. ambition D. wish
【解析】选D。将骨灰撒在大海一直以来都是“我”父亲的愿望。 chance“机会”; behaviour“行为”; ambition“雄心”; wish“愿望”。根据语境可知, D项正确。
16. A. looked back on B. looked out for
C. looked down at D. looked up to
【解析】选C。“我”向下看了看手里的骨灰瓮, 默默地向它告别, 然后慢慢拧开盖子。 look back on“回顾”; look out for“留心”; look down at“向下看”; look up to“尊敬”。根据语境可知, C项正确。根据本段中的“I looked last time down at my father’s ashes”也可得出答案。
17. A. silent B. shocking
C. sudden D. strange
【解析】选A。“我”向下看了看手里的骨灰瓮, 默默地向它告别, 然后慢慢拧开盖子。silent“默默的”。
18. A. speed B. distance C. force D. direction
【解析】选D。海风开始改变方向。 direction“方向”, 符合语境。 speed“速度”; distance“距离”; force“武力”。
19. A. screamed B. hesitated
C. laughed D. complained
【解析】选B。“我”犹豫了一会儿, 故 hesitate“犹豫”, 符合语境。 scream“尖叫”; laugh“笑”; complain“抱怨”。
20. A. helped B. meant C. owed D. did
【解析】选B。因为“我”最终意识到这个对“我”非常重要的男人, “我”的父亲终于得到了平静。故 mean sth. to sb. “对某人有价值或重要”符合语境。 help“帮助”; owe“将……归功于”; do“对……有效果”。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
　　阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
　　Chinese names are full of meanings. It is part of the culture. Western people’s names are a little 1. ___________ (difference). Let’s look at some of the
2. ___________ (reason) behind Western names.  
If 3. ___________ girl from China is called “Mei”, we know it means “beautiful”. If a boy is called “Wu”, we know it means “like a soldier”. It is because of the meaning 4. ___________ people choose the names for the little boy or girl.  
Sometimes names 5. ___________ (pick) for their meaning in the West too. If a girl is called “Joy” then the parents have named her this because they want her
6. ___________ (be) happy and to bring others 7. ___________ (happy). Other times names are chosen because they are traditional names 8. ___________ (take) from the Bible (圣经) for example, like Noah, Mathew, Ruth and John.  
But in a Western country boys and girls are given names for other reasons. The sound 9. ___________ (be) very important. Parents call a girl Jasmine, maybe just because they like the sound of it.  
Parents will often choose a name because it also 10. ___________ (belong) to a famous person, like a pop star, an actor, or a footballer. In the last 10 years many boys have been named “David” after the footballer David Beckham.  
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了中西方取名字的差异。
1. 【解析】different。考查词性转换。作表语用形容词, 故填different。
2. 【解析】reasons。考查名词的复数。some修饰可数名词的复数, 故填reasons。
3. 【解析】a。考查冠词。此处泛指一个中国女孩, 故填a。
4. 【解析】that。考查强调句型。句意: 正是因为这个含义人们才给小男孩和小女孩取这个名字。此处为强调句型, 其基本结构为it is+被强调部分+that+其余部分, 此处强调原因状语, 故填that。
5. 【解析】are picked。考查动词的时态和语态。句意: 有时在西方名字也是根据其含义选择的。文章基础时态为一般现在时, names 与pick之间是被动关系, 因此用一般现在时的被动语态。
6. 【解析】to be。考查非谓语动词。want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事, 不定式作宾语补足语。
7. 【解析】happiness。考查词性转换。bring sb. sth. 表示“给某人带来某物”, 此处作宾语应用名词, 故填happiness。
8. 【解析】taken。考查非谓语动词。names 与take是逻辑上的动宾关系, 表示被动, 用过去分词作后置定语。
9. 【解析】is。考查时态和主谓一致。文章基础时态为一般现在时, 主语是sound, 谓语用第三人称单数, 故填is。
10. 【解析】belongs。考查时态和主谓一致。句意: 父母通常也会选择一个属于名人的名字。文章基础时态为一般现在时, 主语是it, 谓语用第三人称单数, 故填belongs。
阅读理解
A
(2020·苏州高一检测)
How Plants Branch Out to Access Water
New research has discovered how plant roots sense the availability of water in soil and then adapt (适应)their shape to acquire water. The discovery could enable crops to be raised which are more adaptive to changes in climate conditions, such as the absence of water, and help ensure food safety in the future.
These findings, published in the journal Science, describe a new mechanism(机制) discovered by cooperating teams at the universities of Nottingham and Durham.
Roots are very important for plants to acquire water and nutrients(营养)from the soil. Water is necessary to plant growth, yet changing climatic conditions makes acquiring water from soil even more challenging. Plants are able to adapt to different soil moisture(湿润)conditions by changing their roots.
The researchers discovered that plant roots lacking a branching master gene were no longer able to branch out. They found that when roots have access to moisture, the certain gene remains active and promotes root branching, but when put in air, the gene is inactivated, preventing root branching. The research has identified the certain protein which can inactivate root branching.
Professor Sadanandom explained, “This is hugely exciting as it opens up the possibility for us to help develop plants that could continue to branch roots even in challenging conditions such as the absence of water. ”
Professor Bennett concluded, “Water is the key to plant growth, development and their survival. By studying how plant roots change their branching in response(回应)to water availability, we have uncovered a new mechanism. This opens the way to develop new crops better adapted to climate change and to help deliver global food safety. ”
It is absolutely imperative to ensure food safety worldwide. Crop production must double by 2050 to keep pace with global population growth. This target is even more challenging considering the effect of climate change on water availability. In this case, developing crops with better ability to acquire water would provide a solution.
【文章大意】本文是说明文。一项新的研究发现了植物根系是如何感知土壤中水分的可利用性, 然后调整自身形状来获取水分的, 并介绍了这一发现的意义。
1. The findings of the research may have a positive effect on several global issues EXCEPT_______.  
A. ensuring food safety
B. preserving the agriculture
C. solving the absence of water
D. increasing crop production
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的最后一句及文章其他内容可知这一发现能使农作物更能适应气候条件的变化, 增加产量, 解决水资源缺乏, 并有助于确保未来的食品安全。B项保护农业没有涉及, 故选B。
2. With the help of the findings, plants may be able to _______.  
A. take in more nutrients
B. change inactivated roots
C. grow in challenging conditions
D. branch out without a special gene.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第五段This is hugely exciting as it opens up the possibility for us to help develop plants that could continue to branch roots even in challenging conditions such as the absence of water. 可知这个发现为我们提供了一种可能性, 能够帮助我们培育出即使在缺水这样具有挑战性的条件下也能继续生根的植物。故选C。
3. Which of the following best explains “imperative” in the last paragraph?
A. effective. B. hopeful.
C. impractical. D. urgent.
【解析】选D。词义猜测题。第六段最后一句This opens the way to develop new crops better adapted to climate change and to help deliver global food safety. 提到新发现为开发更好地适应气候变化的新作物和帮助实现全球食品安全开辟了道路。本句提到了ensure food safety worldwide(确保全球食品安全), 根据上下文语境和常识可知此处指确保全球食物安全是绝对紧迫的, imperative与urgent同义, 故选D。
4. What is the new mechanism mentioned by Professor Bennett?
A. How a branching master gene responds to a particular nutrient.
B. How plant roots change their shape according to the soil moisture.
C. Why plants have different abilities to adapt to soil moisture conditions.
D. How the certain protein inactivates root branching when accessible to water.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第三段中的Plants are able to adapt to different soil moisture conditions by changing their roots. (植物能够通过改变它们的根来适应不同的土壤湿润条件。)和倒数第二段中的By studying how plant roots change their branching in response to water availability, we have uncovered a new mechanism. (通过研究植物根系如何改变它们的分支来回应水的可用性, 我们发现了一个新的机制。)由此判断出, 这个新机制就是植物根系是如何根据土壤湿度改变形状的, 故选B。
B
　　Though sometimes we may lose our ability to do something we love, passions don’t have to end. Suzelle Poole of Dallas, Texas is living proof of that. The 79-year-old has been dancing for more than seven decades.
Suzelle started ballet when she was just 7 years old, and her devotion only grew stronger as her talent increased in the following years. In fact, Suzelle was so talented that she went to perform all around the world! Like most professional ballerinas (芭蕾舞女), Suzelle expected a short-lived career. “When I was about 26, I knew I only had a few years left, ”she said. It’s simply the nature of the art form because the movements are so hard on people’s bodies. But Suzelle’s body didn’t wear out at 26 — or even 56! At one point, she broke her arm but she was dancing again by the following week.
Nowadays she focuses on teaching the next generation of ballerinas at the Royale Ballet Dance Academy, where she and her students regularly perform for senior residents in assisted living facilities.
Suzelle has become such an inspiration that CBS News reporter Steve Hartman and his 5-year-old daughter Meryl recently traveled to Dallas to interview her. Steve’s little girl couldn’t wait to meet and dance with the woman she wants to become.
During the interview, Suzelle shared a piece of wisdom, “Ballet helps everything, ” she said. “If you’re not feeling very well, you go to a ballet class, and you feel better after. ” Meryl nodded knowingly. She also added, “Ballet could always cheer me up whenever I feel depressed. ”
It’s no wonder Suzelle has no plans to hang up her pointed shoes. Why would she give up something that brings her so much joy? 
【文章大意】本文是记叙文, 讲述了一位年过七旬的芭蕾舞者追梦的故事。
5. Why did Suzelle at her 26 think her career would end soon?
A. The nature of the body didn’t allow lasting performance.
B. The audience didn’t like her performance.
C. She injured her arm in a training course.
D. She had to look after her family.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段中“It’s simply the nature of the art form because the movements are so hard on people’s bodies. ”可知, 因为有些舞蹈动作对人的身体要求比较高, 所以Suzelle在26岁的时候以为她的身体不适宜长期跳舞。因此可以推测, 是人身体的特性不允许她长期跳舞, 所以26岁时她以为自己的舞蹈生涯马上就会结束。
6. Why did Steve Hartman take his daughter Meryl to meet Suzelle?
A. To help Meryl with her problems.
B. To make Meryl experience a reporter’s work.
C. To inspire Meryl to pursue her dancing dream.
D. To realize Meryl’s dream of dancing with famous people.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第四段中“Suzelle has become such an inspiration that CBS News reporter Steve Hartman and his 5-year-old daughter Meryl recently traveled to Dallas to interview her. ”可以推断, Suzelle 的故事激励了很多人, 因此Steve Hartman带5岁的女儿去采访她, 是想激励他的女儿追逐芭蕾舞梦想。
7. In Suzelle’s opinion, ballet dance _______.  
A. benefits people’s mental health
B. should be taught at primary school
C. is less attractive to the young
D. raises people’s interest in art
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第五段Suzelle 在采访中所说的话“Ballet helps everything, ” “If you’re not feeling very well, you go to a ballet class, and you feel better after. ”可知, Suzelle认为跳芭蕾舞有益于人们的心理健康。
8. What does the underlined part in the last paragraph probably mean?
A. Suzelle will go to find other joys of life.
B. Suzelle will carry on her ballet career.
C. Suzelle will put away her ballet shoes.
D. Suzelle will devote herself to art teaching.
【解析】选B。句意猜测题。根据画线部分的后一句“Why would she give up something that brings her so much joy?”可知, 芭蕾舞给Suzelle带来了很多快乐, 她不会放弃。因此可以推测, 画线句子的意思为“她打算继续她的芭蕾舞事业。”