2021高考英语复习之真题重点词汇短语及练习（二）

2021高考英语复习之真题重点词汇短语及练习（二）2018年全国卷I阅读理解D篇重点单词语块
      get rid of 处理掉       worn [wɔ:n] adj. 用旧的       at the first sight of something shiny and new在初次见到一些闪亮且崭新的事物时      device [dɪˈvaɪs] n. 装置       go out of style变得过时      outdated [ˌaʊtˈdeɪtɪd] adj.过时的；陈旧的      consume [kənˈsju:m] vt.消耗      energy [ˈenədʒi] n.能源      figure out 计算出   power [ˈpaʊə(r)] n. 能量   colleague [ˈkɒli:g] n.  同事   institute [ˈɪnstɪtju:t] n. 学院   track [|træk] vt. 追踪   environmental [ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl] adj.环境的   throughout [θru:ˈaʊt] prep.贯穿整个时期   mineral [ˈmɪnərəl] n. 矿物质   mine [maɪn] vt. 开采   readout ['ri:daʊt] n.数据显示，读数   evolve [iˈvɒlv] vi. 逐步发展   generation [ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn] n.代，一代  desktop computers台式电脑   mobile phones移动电话  box-set TVs 盒式电视机  define [dɪˈfaɪn] vt.下定义，界定   digital cameras数码相机  scene [si:n] n.(事情发生的)地点，现场   LCD TVs 液晶电视   tablet [ˈtæblət] n. 平板电脑  e-reader [i:ˈri:də(r)] n.电子阅读器   show up 出现   accumulate [əˈkju:mjəleɪt] vt.积累；积聚   replace [rɪˈpleɪs] vt. 替换   researcher [rɪˈsɜ:tʃə(r)] n.研究人员   the average number of electronic devices电子设备的平均数量  household [ˈhaʊshəʊld] n. 家庭  analysis [əˈnæləsɪs] n. 分析   old desktop monitors旧的台式电脑显示器  cathode [ˈkæθəʊd] ray tubes阴极射线管  consumption [kənˈsʌmpʃn] n.消耗   contribution [ˌkɒntrɪˈbju:ʃn] n.贡献   greenhouse gas emissions温室气体排放(量)  solution [səˈlu:ʃn] n. 解决办法   data [ˈdeɪtə] n. 数据   explore [ɪkˈsplɔ:(r)] vt. 探索   consumer [kənˈsju:mə(r)] n.消费者  function [ˈfʌŋkʃn] n. 功能  word processing 文字处理  TV viewing 电视观看   on-demand entertainment点播的娱乐节目  instead of 而不是
课后练习（一）We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn’t throw out our old ones. "The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids’ room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house," said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We’re not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放） more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So what’s the solution(解决方案)? The team’s data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.1.What does the author think of new devices?A. They are environment-friendly.B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home.D. They go out of style quickly.2.Why did Babbitt’s team conduct the research?A. To reduce the cost of minerals.B. To test the life cycle of a product.C. To update consumers on new technology.D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.3.Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The box-set TV.              B. The tablet.C. The LCD TV.                D. The desktop computer.4.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A. Stop using them.             B. Take them apart.C. Upgrade them.               D. Recycle them.参考答案：ADBA课后练习（二）China's self­developed floating airship Jimu No.1 has set a new world record, reaching an altitude of 7,003 meters on May 23rd in Southwest China's Tibet Autonomous Region.Jimu No.1 is a lighter­than­air ship with a volume (体积) of 2,300 cubic meters. Its surface is made of composite fabric (复合织物), which can withstand (承受) low temperatures of . Equipped with scientific instruments, it conducts upper air observations and collects weather data.Floating airships play a significant role in high­altitude observations and tracking climate and geological changes. Compared with observation stations on the ground, they can make stereoscopic (有立体效果的) observations that provide more accurate data as the airships can directly travel to test areas and are less affected by buildings and local terrain (地形)．Jimu No.1 is being used in a monitoring project, part of China's second Qinghai­Tibet research mission, with the aim of helping researchers understand the source of the water supply and water transmission routes on the plateau. Named “the Third Pole” and “the Water Tower of Asia，” the Qinghai­Tibet Plateau provides water to many Asian rivers, making it an ideal place for carrying out high­altitude projects and conducting research in water, ecology and human activities.Jimu No.1 has been breaking records. It set the previous records of over  meters in January, and 6,390 meters in April. And floating airships are expected to reach an altitude of 10,000 meters in the future.1．What can we learn from paragraph 2?A. The exact weight of Jimu No. 1.B. The highest speed of Jimu No. 1.C. The characteristic of composite fabric.D. The working rules of the instruments.2．Floating airships beat ground observation stations in that ________.A. air currents can be better observed by airshipsB. airships won't be affected by buildings and local terrainC. ground stations only track climate and geological changesD. data from airships' stereoscopic observations are more accurate3．What field may research in the Qinghai­Tibet Plateau cover?①water　②poles　③water towers　④ecology　 activitiesA. ①②③ B. ①④⑤C. ③④⑤ D. ②③④4．What can be the best title for the text?A. China is carrying out a mission in the Qinghai­Tibet PlateauB. China's self­developed floating airship reaches record heightC. The Qinghai­Tibet Plateau is ideal for high­altitude researchD. Floating airships have a long way to go in upper air observations参考答案：CDBB