2021届人大附中高中英语语法基础复习讲义05代词(指示、疑问、关系代词)
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2021届高中英语语法基础复习讲义05代词(中)指示代词包括this、that、these、those;疑问代词包括who、whom、whose、what、which以及whoever、whomever、whosever、whatever、whichever;关系代词包括who、whom、whose、which、that、as. 一、指示代词指示代词分为单数和复数两种形式,分别是this/that&these/those. 指示代词顾名思义是用来指示、限定人或事物的一种词类。它的主要用法有:1.单独使用,作主语、宾语、表语。如:My room is that(作表语),but this(作主语) is swept better,so I like this(作宾语). 那个是我的房间,但这个打扫得更干净,所以我喜欢这个。2.与名词连用时作定语。This(作定语) room is mine. 这个房间是我的。3.介绍在一起的人或事物时,先介绍的用this/these,后介绍的用that/those. 如:This is my room, and that is hers. 这是我的房间,那是她的房间。4.在电话中,介绍自己身份用"This is...",询问对方身份用"who is that?",试图确认对方身份用"Is that...?" 如:This is Jack. Who is that? Uh,is that Mary? 我是杰克,你是哪位?额,你是玛丽吗?
二、疑问代词疑问代词有十个:who、whom、whose、what、which以及whoever、whomever、whosever、whatever、whichever. 它们的主要用法如下:1.用作特殊疑问词。who、whom、whose、what、which在特殊疑问句中,用作特殊疑问词进行提问。如:Who is your sister? 谁是你的姐姐?/Who(m) are you looking for?你找谁?/Whose apple is this?这是谁的苹果?/What do you want to eat?你想吃什么?/which apple do you like to eat?你想吃哪个苹果?2.引导名词性从句。所有的疑问代词都可以引导名词性从句。如:What you want to eat(主语从句) is your own business. 你想吃什么与我无关。/I want to know what you want to eat(宾语从句). 我想知道你想吃什么。/The point is not what you want to eat(表语从句). 重点不是你想吃什么。3.引导让步状语从句。whoever、whomever、whosever、whatever、whichever除了可以引导名词性从句,还可以引导让步状语从句。实际上,引导让步状语从句是-ever的最常见用法,并且-ever引导让步状语从句时,相当于no matter...。如:I have to finish my plans whatever/no matter what others say. 无论别人说什么,我必须完成我的计划。 三、关系代词引导定语从句的代词叫做关系代词,包括:who、whom、whose、which、that、as(正如). 关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语,与之相对的关系副词在定语从句中作状语。 附录:综合练习1. —Do you want milk or coffee?—__________. I really don't mind.A.None B.Neither C.Either D.All【解析】 C 此题考查代词none, neither, either, all 的用法。根据问句知道是两者之间进行选择,而且从答句中后一句的“我真的不介意”可知第二个人的意思是“两者中任何一个都可以”,所以用either。 2. Jane was asked a lot of questions, but she didn't answer _________ of them.A.other B.any C.none D.some【解析】 B 考查代词辨析。所填词与not构成全部否定,四个选项中只有any与not构成not…any,等于none,表示全部否定,选B。 3. Will you see to __________ that my birds are well looked after while I am away?A.them B.yourself C.it D.me【解析】 C 考查代词。所填词构成固定句型see to it that,意为“注意,务必,一定要做到”。选C。 4. When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson,could you please say _______ for me?A.Everything B.anything C.something D.nothing【解析】 C 考查代词。句意为:当你把我介绍给约翰逊先生时,能为我说说话吗?something 用在问句中是表示建议或请求,期望得到肯定回答。 5. He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found _______ of them again.A.neither B.either C.each D.all【解析】 B 考查代词词义辨析。这里用never…either表示“两者都不”,相当于…and found neither of them again。 6. —How do you find your new classmates?—Most of them are kind, but __________ is so good to me as Bruce.A.none B.no one C.every one D.some one【解析】 A 考查代词的用法。根据but一词确定应该从A、B中挑选。有一定范围的用none,相当于none of my new classmates。no one不必有这种范围。 7. Make sure you've got the passports and tickets and__________ before you leave.A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing【解析】 C 考查不定代词的用法。理解句意是关键。句意为:在你们离开前,确保你们已有了护照、票等一切东西。everything所有,一切东西;something某种东西;anything任何东西;nothing没有什么。 8. Helping others is a habit, _____ you can learn even at an early age.A.it B.that C.what D.one【解析】 D 句意为:帮助他人是一种习惯,一种你可以从小学习的习惯。one在此指a habit。 9. Isn't it amazing how the human body heals _____ after an injury?A.himself B.him C.itself D.it【答案】 C 10. You are a team star!Working with _____ is really your cup of tea.A.both B.either C.others D.the other【解析】 C 考查代词的用法。sb.'s cup of tea 合乎某人的口味,使某人感兴趣的东西。others表示泛指“其他人”。