2020学年中考英语语法专题复习 考点（五）：动词的非谓语结构及用法

2021年中考英语语法专题考点（五）：动词的非谓语结构及用法

复习目标：

1、什么是非谓语动词？

2、非谓语动词的含义、形式和用法各是怎样的？

3、初中阶段常见的非谓语动词搭配

一. 非谓语动词的含义：

非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。

二. 非谓语动词的形式及用法：

非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。具体形式如下：

一、动词不定式

1. 动词不定式作宾语。

1) 在动词 want ,hope,would like,decide,wish, choose,try ,need 等后常用动词不定式作宾语。

I hope              (hear)from you soon .

2) think/find/feel/make it + adj + to do sth

He found it difficult           (get) to sleep. 3).stop to do sth / stop doing sth

stop to do sth 停下来去做某事 

After working for a long time , He has to stop              (have ) a rest .

stop doing sth 停止正在做的事。

He was very tired , so he had to stop              (work).

2. 动词不定式作宾语补。

1). 带 to 的不定式作宾补的动词有：

ask / like /would like /teach /tell /want /help +sb +to do sth

Please ask him             (come) quickly.

2). 省掉 to 的不定式作宾补的动词有：let /make / hear /see /notice /have/watch+sb +do sth 注：省掉 to 的不定式的句子变被动语态时，需要还原 to .

He made the baby              (stop) crying .

The baby was made              (stop) crying.

3. 动词不定式作主语

1). 动词不定式常可用作句子的主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

2). 常用 it 作形式主语，而将不定式放在句子后面。

To do sth +谓语动词+adj /n = It +谓语动词+adj / n + to do sth

To get an injection is a little painful .

= It’s a little painful to get an injection

4. 动词不定式作定语

动词不定式作定语放在被修饰词之后名词或代词+to do(介词)

注：若构成的不定式的动词为不及物动词时，其后加上相应的介词。  

I want a pen to write with.

I want a piece of paper to write on.

5. 动词不定式与疑问词连用疑问词+ to do sth

注：在宾语从句中，若主从句的主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+to do sth”. Can you tell me how I can get to the hospital ?

= Can you tell me how to get to the hospital.

6. 动词不定式可作状语

1). 动词不定式可作目的状语

在 come / go / leave 后面接动词不定式作目的状语。

He came here              (get)his book.

2). 动词不定式可作原因状语

表语形容词（sorry/sad/happy/ glad /afraid/ pleased）后与动词不定式连用作原因状语He was glad              (see) his wife.

3). 动词不定式可作结果状语

在 too…to …, not …enough to …句型中的动词不定式作结果状语。

He was too tired              (walk) on .

7. 动词不定式作表语be + to do sth

注：动词不定式作表语可以和主语的位置互换，且常表将来。

Her wish is              (become) a doctor .

=               is her wish .

8. 动词不定式的否定形式

在动词不定式的前面加 not .

He told me              (not stay) here .

9. 动词不定式符号的省略和保留情况。

1).动词不定式符号的省略情况

若两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，第一个不定式符号不能省略，其余的省掉 to .但两者有对比关系时，to 都不能省略。

Edison’s mother taught him to write and read .

I haven’t decided to go home or to go to the cinema.

2)省掉不定式而保留动词不定式符号to的情况。        

—Will you take a walk with me ?    —I’m glad to .

—Would you like to join my birthday party ?    —I would love to .

二、动名词

1. 动名词相当于一个名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

Reading in bed  (be) bad for your eyes.

2. 有些动词或动词短语后面，只能接动名词作宾语。

三、现在分词

1. 现在分词常放在see, hear ,watch ,notice 等之后作宾补。

I saw the boy  (play)in the street just now .

2. 现在分词作定语常放在被修饰词之前，现在分词短语要放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。

A sleeping baby = a baby who is sleeping . Did you know the man talking to Mr Li?=

Did you know the man who was talking to Mr Li?

3. 现在分词表伴随情况

He came into the classroom ,carrying a book.

四、过去分词

1. 作宾补

have /get +sth +done 表示请别人干某事I had my TV repaired last night .

2. 作定语

单一的过去分词作定语，要放在被修饰词的前面，过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。

Have you ever read any books written by Luxun?

= Have you ever read any books which were written by Luxun?

3. 作表语 过去分词作表语已经形容词化

My cup is broken .