2021届高考一轮复习梳理点拨学案：人教版必修4Unit1Womenofachievement

第一部分　教材重点全程攻略

Book 4Unit 1  Women of achievement

基础自主检测

1.以­tion结尾的名词

①connection 连接，关系

②admiration 羡慕，钦佩

③construction 建造，建设

④pollution 污染

2.后缀­ation  的高频名词

①inspiration 灵感；鼓舞

②consideration 考虑

③celebration 庆祝；庆典

④congratulation 祝贺

⑤appreciation 欣赏；感激

⑥civilization 文明

⑦expectation 期望

⑧adaptation 适应；改编本

3.后缀­ment构成的抽象名词

①entertainment 娱乐

②adjustment 调整

③agreement 协议

④amusement 娱乐，消遣

⑤announcement 宣布

⑥appointment 约定

4.以­ency结尾的高频名词

①emergency 紧急情况

②efficiency 效率；功效

③tendency 趋向；趋势

④fluency 流利；流畅

5.以­ist结尾的高频名词

①specialist 专家

②journalist 记者

③psychologist 心理学家

④economist经济学家

⑤novelist 小说家

⑥tourist 旅行者，观光客

一 动词＋介/副词

1．devote ... to ...  献身于……；专心于……

2．move off 离开；起程；出发

3．work out 解决；锻炼身体；结果是

4．crowd in (想法、问题等)涌上心头；涌入脑海

5．look down upon/on 蔑视；瞧不起

6．refer to 查阅；参考；谈到

7．come across (偶然)遇见；碰见

8．carry on 继续；坚持

二 其他

9．lead/live a ... life 过着……的生活

10．by chance碰巧；凑巧

1．“v.＋off”短语速记

①move off 离开；出发　　　②show off 炫耀；卖弄

③pay off 还清；取得好结果  ④take off 起飞；脱掉

⑤put off 推迟

⑥give off 发出(光、热、气味等)

⑦fall off 从……掉下来  ⑧set off 出发；引爆

2．“动词＋on”必备短语一览

①carry on 继续；坚持  ②keep on 继续前进/工作

③decide on 决定  ④depend on 依靠，依赖

⑤move on 继续前进  ⑥insist on 坚持

⑦pass on 传递  ⑧get on 上车

⑨hand on 传递  ⑩rely on 依靠，依赖

1．“only＋状语”置于句首的倒装句

Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was_she_allowed_to_begin_her_project (使她得以开始自己的计划). (教材P2)

2．once引导的条件状语从句；现在分词短语作状语

Once_I_stop (一旦我停下来), it all comes  crowding_in (涌上心头) and I remember the chimps in laboratories. (教材P2)

3．it作形式主语的主语从句

Suddenly  it_hit_me (我忽然想起) how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. (教材P6)

4．It is/was ... that/who ... 强调句

Further reading made me realize that it_was_hard_work_and_determination_as_well_as_her_gentle_nature_that (是苦干、决心和善良的天性) got her into medical school. (教材P6)

5．形容词短语作状语

There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tired_after_a_day's_work (在劳累一天之后), went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay her. (教材P6)

单句语法填空

1．________(follow) Jane's way of studying chimps, our group ________ (be) all going to visit them in the forest.

答案：Following; are

2．________(watch) a family of chimps wake up ________ (be) our first activity of the day.

答案：Watching; is

3．This means ________ (go) back to the place where we left the family ________ (sleep) in a tree the night before.

答案：going; sleeping

4．Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the tree 　　　　 the family begins to wake up and move off.

答案：while

5．She spent years ________ (observe) and recording  their daily activities.

答案：observing

6．One important thing she discovered was ________ chimps hunt and eat meat.

答案：that

7．She has helped to set up special places ________ they can live safely.

答案：where

8．By chance I came ________ an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, ________ specialist in women's diseases.

答案：across; a

9．It was a small book ________ (explain) how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies.

答案：explaining

10．I realized that the text ________ (intend) for women in the countryside.

答案：was intended

考点步步冲关

1  behave　vt.& vi.举动；(举止或行为)表现

Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans.(P2)

简研究这些黑猩猩家族已经很多年了，她帮助人们了解了黑猩猩跟人类的行为是多么的相似。

(1)behave well/badly to/towards sb. 对待某人好/差

behave oneself 守规矩；表现得体

(2)well­behaved adj. 表现好的

badly­behaved adj. 表现差的

(3)behavio(u)r n. 举止；行为

即时练1

单句语法填空

①They behaved badly ________ the guests, which made us very disappointed.

②I think all of us should mind our ________ (behave) in public places.

③Students should be encouraged to develop good habits and better behave ________.

答案：①to/towards　②behaviour　③themselves

2 observe　vt. 观测；观察；遵守；庆祝

She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. (P2)

她花了多年的时间来观察并记录黑猩猩的日常活动。

(1)observe sb. do sth. 观察到某人做某事(全过程)

observe sb. doing sth. 观察到某人正在做某事

observe that  ... 观察……

(2)observe the traffic rules 遵守交通规则

observe Christmas 庆祝圣诞节

(3)observation n. 观察；观测

under observation 在监视下；在观察中

[名师点津]　在被动语态中，observe后充当补足语的不带to的动词不定式中的to要还原出来，即sb./sth. is observed to do sth.。

即时练2

单句语法填空

①Rules should be worked out and strictly ________ (observe)．

②His neighbour observed a stranger ________ (go) into his house.

③Tom was observed ________ (steal) something from the shop.

④Someone is observed ________ (open) the door.

⑤His order was to keep the men under  ________ (observe)．

答案：①observed　②go　③stealing　④to open　⑤observation

3 argue　vi.& vt.讨论；辩论；争论

She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.(P2)

她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不能用于娱乐或广告。

(1)argue for ... 为……而争论；为……而辩护

argue against 争辩/反对

argue with sb. about/over sth.与某人争辩某事

argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事

argue that ... 认为/主张……

(2)argument n．争论；争辩；论点

即时练3

单句语法填空

①As far as I know, they argue ________ the right to vote.

②It's no use ________ (argue) about the question with him, for he won't change his opinion.

③We tried many ways to argue him ________ accepting our advice, but in vain.

④We had an ________ (argue) with the waiter over the bill.

答案：①for　②arguing　③into　④argument

4  intend　vt.计划；打算

I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside. (P6)

我仔细地看了这篇文章，了解到那是为农村妇女写的。

(1)intend to do sth./doing sth. 打算做某事

intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事

(2)be intended to do sth. 准备做某事

be intended for 专为……而设计；专供……用

(3)intend that ...  打算……

(4)intention n．打算；意图；目的

with the intention of 抱有……的目的

即时练4

单句语法填空

①The school being built at present is said to be intended ________the disabled children.

②I'm writing to tell you my exciting plan for the summer holiday. I intend ________ (join) a Dragon Boat Training Camp.

③They ________ (intend) to go into the country for the day, but were put off by reports of traffic jams.

④This programme was set up with an ________ (intend)  of providing help for homeless people.

答案：①for　②to join/joining　③had intended　④intention

单句写作——句式升级

⑤The programme turned out to be successful. The programme was intended to offer children regular opportunities to develop confidence and independence.

a．普通表达：

The programme ____________________________ children regular opportunities to develop confidence and independence turned out to be successful. (定语从句)

b．高级表达：

The programme ______________________ children regular opportunities to develop confidence and independence turned out to be successful.(分词短语作定语)

答案：a.which/that was intended to offer　b．intended to offer

look up to 尊敬；仰视

look forward to 盼望；期待

look into 调查；审查

look up 抬头看；查阅

look on/upon ... as ... 把……看作……

look out (for ...)    注意；留意；留神(……)

look through 浏览；翻阅

即时练1

用look相关短语的适当形式填空

①Do not ________________ him! I am sure he is a diamond in the rough.

②I've always ______________ Tom for his courage and determination.

③The police have received the complaint, and they are ________________ it.

④We ________________ a member of the family.

⑤I ______________ today's newspapers but I found nothing important.

答案：①look down upon　②looked up to　③looking into　④look upon/on you as　⑤looked through

(1)refer to ... as ... 把……称作……

refer sth. to sb. 把某物提交给某人(解决)

(2)reference n. 涉及；提及；参考；查阅

in/with reference to 关于

即时练2

写出下列句中refer to的含义

①If you don't know the exact meaning of the word, you may refer to the dictionary.________

②When giving the lecture, he referred to his note from time to time.________

③You should refer this question to our teacher for an answer.________

④She always refers to Ben as “that nice man”．________

答案：①查阅　②参考　③提交　④提及

单句语法填空

⑤The scientist referred to the discovery ________ the most exciting new development in this field.

⑥You should refer this matter ________ the head office for a decision.

⑦The result of the research is for  ________ (refer) only.

答案：⑤as　⑥to　⑦reference

(1)该句为“only＋状语”置于句首时，句子使用部分倒装的用法。only置于句首修饰作状语的副词或介词短语时，句子要倒装。only置于句首修饰状语从句时，主句要用部分倒装语序，从句不用倒装语序。only在句首修饰主语无须倒装。

(2)含有否定意义的副词或连词，如never, not, not only, little, seldom, hardly, not until, neither, nor, no sooner等放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装形式，即把助动词、情态动词或系动词置于主语之前。需要注意的是，在no sooner ... than ... 和hardly ... when ... 引导的句子中，主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时。

即时练1

单句写作

①一个人只有在离开家时，才会意识到家的温暖。

________________ one is away from home ________________ how nice home is.

②他不仅读了这本书，而且他还记住他所读的内容了。

______________________， but he also remembered what he had read.

③铃一响，学生们就冲出了教室。

______________________ the students rushed out of the classroom.

答案：①Only when; does one realize　②Not only did he read the book　③Hardly had the bell rung when

句中使用了“It hit(s) me＋从句”结构，意思是“我突然想到……”，it在句中作形式主语。类似的结构还有：

It occurs to sb. that ... 某人突然想到……

It strikes sb. that ... 某人突然想到……

即时练2

一句多译

他突然想到第二天上午他要参加一个重要的会议。

①____________________ he had an important conference to attend the next morning. (occur)

②________________ he had an important conference to attend the next morning. (hit)

③________________ he had an important conference to attend the next morning. (strike)

答案：①It occurred to him that　②It hit him that　③It struck him that

主谓一致

概念：主谓一致是指句子中的谓语在人称、数方面要与作主语的名词或代词保持一致。

主谓一致的三个原则：主谓一致分为语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。

1．语法一致原则

语法一致指的是主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。主语为单数，谓语用单数；主语为复数，谓语也用复数。

①He likes watching TV while we like playing football.

他喜欢看电视，而我们喜欢踢足球。

2．意义一致原则

意义一致是指主语和谓语根据意思上的单、复数确定其一致关系。若主语表示复数意义，谓语用复数；若表示单数意义，谓语用单数。

②Five minutes is enough.

五分钟足够了。

③The crew are paid to do all the work on the ship.

全体船员被雇来做船上所有的工作。

3．就近一致原则

就近一致原则是指当句子有两个或两个以上并列主语时，谓语动词根据与其最邻近的主语确定人称和数的形式，如由下列词语连接的并列主语：or, either ... or  ..., nor, neither ... nor ..., not ... but ..., not only ... but also ...等。

④Neither the students nor the teacher is interested in it.

学生们和老师都对此不感兴趣。

[重点提示]　

as well as, rather than, together/along with, except, but, besides, including等引出短语时，谓语动词习惯上要与这些结构前面的主语保持一致(即与较远的那个主语一致)。

集合名词作主语时的主谓一致

1．通常用作复数的集合名词，如：police, people, cattle等作主语时，谓语要用复数。

⑤Be calm, the police are coming.

镇静，警察就要来了。

2．只用作单数的不可数集合名词，如：clothing, poetry, baggage/luggage, furniture, scenery, jewellery, information,  equipment等作主语时，其后谓语动词要用单数。

⑥Much equipment is needed in our lab.

我们实验室需要许多设备。

3．既可以表单数意义也可表复数意义的集合名词，如：family, group, class, grade, team, army, nation, crowd, population, company, government, committee等作主语时，根据其代表的意义决定谓语动词的形式。即表示整体意义时，谓语动词要用单数；表示个体意义时，谓语动词要用复数。

⑦Our class is better than any other class at playing football in our school.(强调整体)

在我们学校，我们班在踢足球方面比其他任何一个班都好。

⑧His family are waiting for him to come back from abroad.(强调个体)

他的家人正等着他从国外回来。

即时练

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ________ (regard) as one of the best all­round forms of exercise.

答案：is regarded

2．Either you or one of your students ________ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.

答案：is

3．My family  ________ the largest one in our village. Besides, my family ________ all party members. (be)

答案：is; are

4．To learn one or two foreign languages  ________ (be)  very important nowadays.

答案：is

5．It is important to remember that success ________ (be) a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ (take) years to achieve.

答案：is; takes

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．The league secretary and monitor were asked to make a speech at the meeting last week.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：were→was

2．Each boy and each girl want to go to the cinema.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：want→wants　

3．Not only the students but also the teacher wish for a holiday.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：wish→wishes

4．Whether he will help us with it don't matter too much.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：don't→doesn't

5．The teacher together with some students are visiting the factory now.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：are→is

基础达标演练

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．Do you want to get this book ________ (deliver) to your house or would you prefer to come to the shop for it yourself?

答案：delivered

2．He has decided to get a look at the house and see if it might be worthwhile ________ (buy) it.

答案：to buy/buying

3．I ________ (intend) to take a holiday last year, but wasn't able to get away.

答案：had intended

4．He made such an ________ (inspire) speech that everybody got excited.

答案：inspiring

5．He gave up the plan chiefly because it ________ (support) by none of them.

答案：was supported

6．Joanna left her husband because of his unacceptable ________ (behave)．

答案：behaviour

7．Gun control is a subject ________ which Americans have argued for a long time.

答案：about

8．He was observed ________ (follow) her closely yesterday.

答案：to follow

9．There is no doubt that flying across the Atlantic for the first time was a great ________ (achieve)．

答案：achievement

10．Only later did ________ hit me that I shouldn't have told her the story.

答案：it

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．It is considerate for you not to make any noise while the others are having a rest.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：for→of

2．We did all we could inspire his creative thinking, expecting that he could think up some new ideas for the project.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：第一个could后加to

3．Since you're alone, why not joining us in playing the game?

_________________________________________________________________

答案：joining→join

4．The woman, together with her husband and two children, all looking anxious, were asking the guard to let them through then.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：were→was

5．The young girl devotes all her spare time to study English.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：study→studying

Ⅲ.教材微写作

A．根据提示完成句子

1．戴西一生都奉献给了无家可归的儿童。(devote)

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

答案：Daisy has devoted all her life to the homeless children.

2．她的行为赢得了所有人的尊重。(behaviour; respect)

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

答案：Her behaviour has won everyone's respect.

3．我碰见了戴西，她应邀发表演讲。(come across; deliver)

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

答案：I came across Daisy, who was invited to deliver a speech.

4．她认为照顾孩子是平凡的工作，但是不要瞧不起平凡的工作。(look down upon)

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

答案：She holds the belief that caring for children is an ordinary job, but don't look down upon ordinary jobs.

5．一旦开始做一件事情，你就必须坚持下去，否则你将一事无成。(carry on)

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

答案：Once you begin to do something, you must carry on with it or you will never achieve anything.

B．将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范

答案：Daisy has devoted all her life to the homeless children. Therefore, her behaviour has won everyone's respect. Recently, I came across Daisy, who was invited to deliver a speech. She holds the belief that caring for children is an ordinary job, but don't look down upon ordinary jobs. Once you begin to do something, you must carry on with it, or you will never achieve anything.