2020版一轮复习英语新课改人教版学案：必修5Unit3Lifeinthefuture



(一)课前自主学习

Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意
1．aspect n. 　　　　　　　　 方面；层面
2．timetable n. 时间表；时刻表
3．typist n. 打字员
4．tablet n. 药片
5．steward n．[纵联1] 乘务员；服务员
6．stewardess n. 女乘务员
7．mask n. 面具；面罩；伪装
8．citizen n. 公民；居民；市民
9．ecology n. 生态；生态学
10．postage n. 邮资
11．receiver n. 接受者；接收器；电话听筒
12．dustbin n. 垃圾箱
13．button n. 纽扣；按钮
14．goods n．[纵联2] 货物
15．belt n. 腰带；皮带
16．motivation n. 动机
Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形
1．previous adj. 在前的；早先的
2．fasten vt. 系牢；扎牢
3．representative n.
adj.[纵联3]
4．flash vt.&vi. (使)闪光；(使)闪现
5．guide n. 指导；向导；导游
vt. 指引；指导
6．lack vi.&vt. 缺乏；没有
n. 缺乏；短缺的东西
7．switch n. 开关；转换
vt. 转换
8．optimistic adj. 乐观(主义)的
9．material n. 原料；材料
10．recycle vt. 回收利用；再利用
11．greedy adj. 贪吃的；贪婪的；贪心的
12．swallow vt. 吞下；咽下
Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变
1．tolerate vt.容忍；忍受→tolerance n．容忍
2．impression n．印象；感想；印记→impress vt.(使)留下深刻印象→impressive adj.给人深刻印象的
3．constant adj.时常发生的；连续不断的→constantly adv.不断地
4．surroundings n．周围的事物；环境→surrounding adj.周围的→surround vt.围绕
5．adjustment n．调整；调节→adjust vt.调整；使适应
6．press vi.&vt.按；压；逼迫 n．按；压；印刷；新闻→pressure n．压力；挤压；压迫(感)[纵联4]
7．instant n．瞬间；片刻adj.立即的；立刻的→instantly adv.马上
8．settlement n．定居；解决→settle v．定居；解决
9．exhausted adj.筋疲力尽的；疲惫不堪的→exhaust vt.耗尽
10．uncertain adj.不确切的；无把握的→certain adj.确信的；有把握的→certainty n．确信

纵联1.男女有别
　①　　②
③ ④
纵联2.单复数意义不同的名词集锦
　①good善行；好处 goods货物
②time时间 times时代
③custom习惯；风俗 customs海关
④instruction指导 instructions用法说明
⑤pain痛苦 pains辛苦；努力
⑥sand沙子 sands沙滩
⑦work工作 works作品
⑧look脸色；看 looks容貌
纵联3.后缀­ive形容词大观园
①representative典型的 ②impressive给人印象深刻的
③creative创造性的 ④constructive建设性的
⑤expensive昂贵的 ⑥active积极的
⑦descriptive描述的 ⑧attractive吸引人的
纵联4.不一样的“press”
①press v．按；压 ②pressure n．压力
③express vt.表达 ④impression n．印象
⑤impress vt.(使)留下深刻印象
⑥expression n．表达

单元话题——未来生活
子话题1　生活住所
①arrangement n．安排；布置 ②flat n．公寓
③roof n．屋顶；最高处 ④ceiling n．天花板
⑤lift n．电梯 ⑥garage n．车库
⑦balcony n．阳台 ⑧basement n．地下室
⑨storey n．楼层 ⑩intelligent adj.智能的
子话题2　家具及陈设
①decorate v．装饰；布置 ②cupboard n．碗柜；食橱
③drawer n．抽屉 ④shelf n．架子
⑤vase n．花瓶 ⑥carpet n．地毯
⑦automatic adj.自动化的 ⑧armchair n．扶手椅
⑨bench n．长凳；工作台 ⑩couch n．睡椅；长沙发
⑪furnish vt.布置；为……配备家具
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用
1．(2016·江苏高考阅读D)It didn’t take long for Shelly­Ann to realize that sports could be her way out of Waterhouse. On a summer evening in Beijing in 2008, all those long, hard hours of work and commitment finally bore fruit. The barefoot kid who just a few years previously❶ had been living in poverty, __❷__ (surround) by criminals and violence, had written a new chapter in the history of sports.
①写出加彩词在本单元的同根形容词：previous，意为“先前的”
②用surround的适当形式填空：surrounded
2．(2016·江苏高考阅读D)Stephen Francis observed then eighteen­year­old Shelly­Ann at a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginnings of true greatness. Her times were not exactly impressive❶， but even so, he sensed there was something trying to get out, something the other coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her and found her ___❷__ (lack).
①impressive在此处意为“给人印象深刻的”，写出它在本单元的同根名词：impression
②用lack的适当形式填空：lacking，此时用作形容词，意为“缺乏的；不足的”
高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用
(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)
1．(2018·6月浙江高考写作)我精通英语，并有陪伴外国朋友的经验。我的确相信我能担任这项志愿者工作并作为你的向导。(guide)
I_have_a_good_command_of_English,_and_also_have_some_experience_in_accompanying_foreign_friends._I_do_believe_I_am_suited_for_this_voluntary_work_and_can_serve_as_your_guide.
2．(2016·江苏高考书面表达)此外，网络投票使得即时反馈(feedback)成为可能。(instant)
Furthermore,_voting_on_the_Internet_makes_instant_feedback_possible.
3．(2013·广东高考写作)在一些专家的眼中，火星上的生活条件难以忍受。(tolerate)
In_some_experts’_opinion,_living_conditions_on_the_Mars_are_very_hard_to_tolerate.
(二)课堂重点释疑
1．tolerate vt.容忍；忍受
[记牢]
(1)tolerate (sb.) doing sth.　　 容忍/忍受(某人)做某事
(2)tolerance n. 宽容；容忍；忍受
tolerant adj. 宽容的；容忍的
[练通]　单句语法填空
①I can’t tolerate working (work) with Kate in the same office. She just refuses to stop talking while she works.
②Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a tolerant (tolerate) smile and let him go.
[写美]　词汇升级
③When he went abroad, he found the new surroundings hard to bear.(升级加彩词汇)
→When he went abroad, he found the new surroundings hard to tolerate/put_up_with.
[联想]　“容忍；忍受”的种种表达
①tolerate vt.　 忍受　　 ②bear vt.　　　 忍受
③stand vt. 忍受 ④put up with 忍受；容忍
2．lack vt.&vi.缺乏；没有n.缺乏；短缺的东西
[记牢]
(1)for lack of　　　　　　　　 因缺乏……
a lack of 缺乏……
(2)lacking adj. 短缺的；缺乏的
be lacking in 缺少……
[练通]　单句语法填空
①For lack of human protection, the number of Yangtze finless porpoise is becoming smaller and smaller.
②Though lacking (lack) money, his parents managed to send him to a university.
③While college graduates complain of a lack of available jobs, factories are facing difficulties in hiring workers.
[用准]　lack作名词时常与介词of连用；作动词时可作及物动词直接加宾语(不能用于被动语态和进行时)，也可作不及物动词，后常与介词for连用；形容词lacking常与in连用。
[写美]　句式升级
④Though Jack was lacking in experience, he made up for it in enthusiasm.
→Though_lacking_in_experience,_Jack made up for it in enthusiasm.(省略句)
3．press vi.&vt.按；压；逼迫n.按；压；印刷；新闻
[记牢]
(1)press ...against/to ...　 把……压/挤/贴在……
press sb.to do sth. 极力劝说/敦促某人做某事
(2)pressure n. 压(力)；压强；强制
put pressure on ... 给……施压
under pressure 面临压力；受到压力
[练通]　单句语法填空
①Pressed (press) by my friends, I decided to seize the opportunity.
②Out of curiosity, the little girl pressed her nose against the shop window.
③(2018·江苏高考)The report said they also faced pressure (press) to respond to messages at all hours of the day — especially at secondary school when more youngsters have mobile phones.
[写美]　 翻译句子
④无论你面临多少压力，都不要半途放弃。
No_matter_how_much_pressure_you_are_under,_you_will_never_give_up_halfway.
4．instant n．瞬间；片刻adj.立即的；立刻的
[记牢]
(1)in an instant＝instantly　　　　　 立刻；马上
for an instant 一瞬间；顷刻
一……就……
[练通]　单句语法填空
①He paused for an instant before continuing.
②In an instant, he took off his coat and jumped into the water.
[写美]　一句多译
让我非常惊讶的是，她一读那封信就哭了起来。
③Much to my surprise, she burst into tears the_instant/instantly she read the letter.
④Much to my surprise, on_reading_the_letter,_she burst out crying.(on)
[词汇过关综合训练]　
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．If a student lacks (缺乏) the motivation to study, he will quickly become tired of studying.
2．Their boss is strict and won’t tolerate (容忍) any mistakes in their daily work.
3．As a diligent student, he is greedy (渴望的) for success.
4．They recycle (循环利用)their garbage because they care about the environment.
5．Teachers think highly of Alice, because she is_constantly (不断地) working hard.
6．My sister is optimistic (乐观的) about her chance of winning the English speech contest.
7．Cities are usually warmer than surrounding (周围的) rural areas, so it’s wise to live in cities in winter.
8．The new school year is right around the corner, but the adjustment (调整) to returning to school may take a few weeks.
9．I typed the report by myself, for the only_typist (打字员) took a day off.
10．Using an iPad, we can listen to music, download lots of learning materials (材料) and read them.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．As far as I know, our English teacher as well as other teachers never tolerates cheating (cheat) in the exams.
2．The greedy boss pressed his workers to_work (work) 16 hours a day.
3．Guided (guide) by the sun, they walked towards their destination through the woods.
4．All passengers on board are expected to_fasten (fasten) the seat belts when the plane takes off and lands.
5．Your art skills are excellent and admirable, which leave me a deep impression (impress)．
6．After the explosion the army blocked the surrounding (surround) area and forbad anyone to enter it.
Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子/一句多译
1．由于缺乏自信心，琳达没参加诗歌比赛。(lack)
Linda didn't take part in the poetry competition for_lack_of_confidence.
2．请你一到云南就给我发电子邮件。(the instant/instantly)
Please send me an e­mail the_instant/instantly_you_reach_Yunnan.
3．我总是梦想着拥有一座被树木和鲜花环绕的房子。(surround)
I am always dreaming of having a house surrounded_by/with_trees_and_flowers.
4．在一位当地村民的带领下，我们最终找到了那座古老的城堡。(guide)
①We were_guided_by_a_local_villager,_and finally found the ancient castle.(并列句)
②Guided_by_a_local_villager,_we finally found the ancient castle.(分词作状语)
③With_a_local_villager_guiding_us,_we finally found the ancient castle.(with复合结构)
Ⅳ.语境辨义
根据语境选出guide的词性和词义
(A)n.指南；手册　　　(B)n.导游；向导
(C)vt.指引 (D)vt.指导；影响
1．She guided us through the busy streets to the museum.__C__
2．Let's have a look at the TV guide and see what's on.__A__
3．We hired a local guide to get us across the mountains.__B__
4．He was always guided by his religious beliefs.__D__


(一)课前自主学习

1．take_up [串记1]　 　　 拿起；接受；开始；继续；占用；从事
2．(a)_lack_of 缺乏……
3．be_back_on_one’s_feet (困境后)恢复；完全复原
4．lose_sight_of_... 看不见……
5．sweep_up 打扫；横扫
6．slide_into (快捷而悄声地)移动；溜进……
7．speed_up 加速
8．remind_sb.of_... 使某人想起……；提醒某人……
9．in_all_directions 向四面八方
10．suffer_from [串记2] 患有(疾病等)；遭受
[同根短语串记]
串记1.常见的“动词＋up”短语扫描
①take up拿起；接受　　　　　 ②keep up保持；维持
③set up建造；创立 ④bring up教育；培养
⑤build up建立；增强 ⑥turn up出现；露面
⑦clear up整理；(天空)放晴 ⑧hold up举起；耽搁
串记2.“v.＋from”短语荟萃
①suffer from遭受 ②result from由于；起因于
③hear from收到……的来信 ④escape from从……逃脱
⑤benefit from从……中获益 ⑥die from死于……
⑦date from始于；起源于

1．be described as ... 被描述成……
2．be stored on ... 被存储在……
3．be optimistic about 对……乐观的
4．as a result 结果；因此
5．be greedy for ... 对……贪婪的
6．fall fast asleep 很快入睡
7．be similar to 与……相似
8．show sb. around/round_ 带领某人参观


1．At first my new surroundings were_difficult_to_tolerate.
开始的时候，新的环境让我难以忍受。
2．Hit_by_a_lack_of_fresh_air,_my head ached.
由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。
3．However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.
可是，当我们到达一个看上去像大市场的地方时，由于太多气垫车朝四面八方飞奔，我看不见王平了。
4．Exhausted,_I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.
我感到累极了，爬上床很快就睡着了。
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一)　阅读中的短语(词汇替换/补全句子)
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空) Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required to process the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.(用本单元短语替换加黑词)be_back_on_our_feet
2．(2015·浙江高考阅读C)In a very real sense, light pollution causes us to lose_sight_of (看不见) our true place in the universe.
3．(2014·江苏高考任务型阅读)This type of influence can also get a friend off drugs, or to help an adult take_up (开始) a good habit or drop a bad one.
高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式(补全句子)
1．(2013·四川高考书面表达)很明显，一个好的学习习惯可以帮助我们加速达到我们的目标。
Obviously, a good learning habit can help us to_speed_up_to_reach_our_destinations.
2．(2015·湖南高考写作)得知我所处的境况后，我的老师Michael鼓励我勇敢自信地走出困境。(what引导名词性从句)
After learning what_situation_I_was_in,_my teacher, Michael, encouraged me to step out of trouble bravely and confidently.
(二)课堂重点释疑
[短语集释]
1．take up占用(时间)；占据(空间)；继续；开始；接受；拿起；从事
[辨清]　写出下列句中take up的含义
①We tried to find a table for seven, but they were all taken up.占据
②I put the telephone down and took up my work again.继续
③(2015·陕西高考)Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.从事
④I’m going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing. 接受
[记牢]
take off　　　　　 脱掉(衣服等)；起飞；事业腾飞
take over 接管；获得对……的控制或管理
take down 写下；记下；拆除
take in 吸收；接纳；领会；欺骗
take on 呈现；雇用；承担；从事
[练通]　选用上述短语填空
⑤With the development of science and technology, our country has taken_on a new look.
⑥The house where I grew up has been taken_down and replaced by an office building.
[写美]　词汇升级
⑦He didn’t understand what he read because his mind was focused on something else.(升级加彩词汇)
→He didn’t take_in what he read because his mind was focused on something else.
2．lose sight of ...看不见……；忽略……
[记牢]
(1)catch sight of　　　　　 望见；看到
lose one’s sight 失明
come into sight 进入视野内；映入眼帘
(2)at first sight 乍一看
at the sight of 看到
out of sight 看不到
in/within sight 在视野内
[练通]　选用上述短语填空
①They fell in love at_first_sight,_and three months later, they got married.
②Only a short­sighted man will lose_sight_of the importance of education.
③At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was out_of_sight.
[写美]　词汇升级
④I saw her getting on the bus when I came out of the store.(升级加彩词汇)
→I caught_sight_of her getting on the bus when I came out of the store.
3．speed up加速
[记牢]
(1)reduce speed＝slow down　　　 减速
pick up speed 逐渐加速
(2)at high/low/full/top speed 以高/低/全/最高速
at a speed of ... 以……速度
[练通]　单句语法填空
①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeating the words, “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turn left！”
②Our physics teacher said that light travels at a speed of 300,000km per second.
③Once outside the station, the train began to pick up speed.
[用准]　speed的过去式、 过去分词有两种形式： speeded, speeded或sped, sped。
[写美]　 翻译句子
④现代发明大大加速了人们的生活节奏。
Modern_inventions_have_greatly_speeded_up_people’s_pace_of_life.
[句式集释]
1．过去分词短语作状语
[教材原句]　Hit_by_a_lack_of_fresh_air,_my head ached.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)Offered (offer) an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.
(2)Located (locate) in the central district, the Xi’an Hotel offers the best service with the lowest price.
(3)(2016·北京高考)Ordered (order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
[析用法规则]
(1)过去分词或过去分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随等。
(2)过去分词的逻辑主语一般与句子主语一致。
(3)过去分词表示的动作与句子的主语之间为被动关系。
[背写作佳句]
(1)Amazed at how skillful they were, I determined to be just as good.(要点句)
(2)(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Shown this Sunday afternoon, the film will last two hours.(要点句)
2．形容词(短语)作状语
[教材原句]　Exhausted,_I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)To our relief, the missing child returned home ten days later, tired but healthy (health)．
(2)Surprised (surprise) and happy, he stood up and accepted the prize.
(3)The boy lay on the sofa, relaxed (relax)．
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。
注意事项
形容词(短语)作状语时常用来说明句子主语的状态，即和主语常可构成系表关系。如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词作状语。

[背写作佳句]
(1)(2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Worried about making mistakes, I’m writing to bother you to correct the words and format in the material I attach to the letter.(开头句)
(2)Too nervous, I couldn’t think of anything at the beginning of the exam. However, I didn’t worry but tried to calm myself down.(要点句)
[词块、句式过关综合训练]　
Ⅰ.选词填空

1．Sue_slid_into_the office of Mr. Brown and took the important papers away.
2．Mary swept_up all the broken glass before her mother came back home after work.
3．Because Susan was in France at that time, her youngest sister took_up the prize in place of her.
4．Many countries are faced with the problem about how to speed_up economic development.
5．I took a careful search in the crowds at the exit of the station, but I still lost_sight_of my cousin.
6．Her father fell off the truck and was able to be_back_on_his_feet after two weeks’ treatment in the hospital.
Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子/一句多译
1．他想知道经理在会议上说了些什么。(what引导名词性从句)
He wanted to know what_the_manager_had_said at the meeting.
2．又累又渴，他走进一家茶馆，一个机器人服务员迅速过来招待他。(形容词作状语)
Tired_and_thirsty,_he went into a tea­house and a robot waiter quickly came up to serve him.
3．从高层建筑物上看，公园看上去更漂亮。
①When_it_is_seen_from the top of the high building, the park looks even more beautiful. (时间状语从句)
②Seen_from the top of the high building, the park looks even more beautiful.(分词作状语)
③Seeing_from the top of the high building, I find the park even more beautiful.(分词作状语)
4．这个看似很难的问题其实很容易回答。(be＋adj.＋to do)
The question that/which seems difficult is_actually_easy_to_answer.
Ⅲ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
There is a difference between simple and easy. The greatest things in life are all about simplicity. The most powerful advice of realizing your dreams is also the simplest and consists of only two words: be yourself.
It is simple and powerful, yet it may not be easy. Most of us, since our childhood, have been conditioned out of trusting our own innate (先天的) powers. We were taught to correspond to expectations others had about us, and told that feeling the way we feel and acting the way we do were not all right. Though we have our own thinking and feeling, most of us give in to the pressure of our surroundings.
Once we lose trust in our power to create whatever we want in our lives, we believe our own powerlessness. As a consequence, we do not ask ourselves what we truly want in life, but instead do what we are obliged to do as everyone else is doing it as well. Also, we will blame others and circumstances for everything in our life we consider bad. This is another way of giving away our power.
But being simple can be very challenging as it is completely out of what most of us have known ourselves to be. Having disconnected from our true nature, fear begins to dominate our experience. It arises when we doubt our power as feeling powerless makes us feel threatened — the source of fear. So instead of creating our life according to our deepest desires, we have become accustomed to living just for survival.
Bad emotions prevent us feeling and being who we truly are and tear us down. But all of them can actually become the greatest fuel for our growth and development if we simply choose to no longer let it define us. Open up to all within us without feeling powerless and unworthy and a new version of us is born. When we feel ourselves being drawn into conflict, just remember the simple truth of our being: simply be with everything we experience and watch it be transformed into love and power.
[写作步骤]
第一步：归纳主旨大意
主旨大意：本文是议论文。我们应该简化自己的生活，尊重自己内心所想所需，这样我们的生活才会变得更美好。
短文结构分析：全文分为四个部分。
第一部分(第一段)：实现梦想很简单——活出你自己；
第二部分(第二、三段)：活出自己简单但不易做到；
第三部分(第四段)：恐惧使简单的东西实现起来有挑战性；
第四部分(第五段)：如何活出真实的自己。
第二步：提炼关键词
Part 1：
1.The most powerful advice of realizing_your_dreams is also the simplest and consists of only two words: be_yourself.
Part 2：
2.It is simple and powerful, yet it may not_be_easy.
3．Though we have our own thinking and feeling, most of us give_in_to_the_pressure of our surroundings.
Part 3：
4.But being_simple can be very challenging as it is completely out of what most of us have known ourselves to be.
5．Fear_arises when we doubt_our_power as feeling powerless makes us feel threatened.
Part 4：
6.Open_up_to_all_within_us without feeling powerless and unworthy and a new version of us is born.
7．When we feel ourselves being drawn into conflict, just remember the simple truth of our being.

第三步：合并和改写
1．要点1(要点句)
改写：Realizing_your_dreams is simple: be yourself.
2．要点2和3
合并：It is not easy to be ourselves as most of us give in to the pressure of our surroundings.
改写：It is hard to be ourselves as we may be affected by the pressure of our surroundings.
3．要点4和5
合并：Being simple can be very challenging because we doubt our power.
改写：Being simple can be very challenging because_of our doubt about our power.
4．要点6和7
合并：We should open up to all within us without feeling powerless and unworthy and remember the simple truth of our being.
改写：We should try to be who_we_are and remember the simple truth of our being.
第四步：核查成文
核查连贯性，优先考虑使用最短连接词；核查标点和语法；核查词数。最终成文如下：
Realizing your dreams is simple: be yourself. (要点1)However, it is hard to be ourselves as we may be affected by the pressure of our surroundings.(要点2)Being simple can be very challenging because of our doubt about our power. (要点3)Despite this, we should try to be who we are and remember the simple truth of our being. (要点4)


理清段落结构之(五)　呼应
所谓呼应是指在开头和结尾的内容上有极其密切的关系，是对同一情况做出解释、说明、交代的。呼应可以使文章浑然一体，更具有突出的作用。呼应之处一般是文章要重点强调的内容，也是文章主旨所在，利用这种呼应关系，可解阅读类题目中的主旨及前后照应型题目。

[高考典例1]　2018·全国卷Ⅱ·D篇
文章开头用描述现象引出“small talk”的重要性

文章结尾以研究报告的结论再次强调了“small talk”的重要性
[1]We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.
[2]What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.
[3]Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. “Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk，” he explains. “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”
[4]In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction (互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. “It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband，” says Dunn.“But interactions with peripheral (边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well­being also.”
[5]Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk.“Small talk is the basis of good manners，” he says.

[高考典例2]　2014·福建卷·完形填空
So it was with really great 40(satisfaction) that I stood in church one recent Sunday, video camera in hand, and 41(watched) my 68­year­old father sweating in his shirt __42__ rising to play the piano in his very first recital.
...
For a moment after my father sat down at the keyboard, he 47(simply) stared down at his fingers.
42．A.through　　　　 　B．from
C．against D．before
[分析]　首尾呼应。根据47题前面的“For a moment after my father sat down at the keyboard”可知，作者的父亲其实还没有开始演奏，所以他sweating in his shirt应是在rising to play the piano之前的表现，故选D。
[高考典例3]　2014·北京卷·完形填空
...She was really small for her age of 12. The boys in my class often 36(joked) about her and laughed their heads off. She would open a book, pretending to read, with tears dropping on the open page.
...I looked down at this __38__ girl and promised myself that somehow I would help her.
38．A.rich B．proud
C．tiny D．popular
[分析]　首尾呼应。根据36空前面的句子“She was really small for her age of 12”可知，这个女孩很娇小，故选tiny。