2019版英语高三一轮复习系列外研学案导学版文档：第三部分写作导练案第二讲

第二讲　用高级句式增分
层级三　言简意赅的“非谓语”
众所周知，作文中出现过多的简单句会让人觉得单调乏味，句子与句子之间的关系显得松散；而文章中过多地出现复合句又显得累赘，读起来费劲。而恰当地运用非谓语动词对简单句和复合句进行转换，不仅显得句式多样，句子活泼，而且读起来结构紧凑，言简意明。
美句输入
1.动名词
作主语、表语、定语和宾语等。
Therefore，please spend some time taking a brief look at the history of the Tang Dynasty.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ·书面表达)
因此，请花些时间简单地看看唐朝的历史。
2.过去分词
作表语、宾语、补语和状语等。
I am writing to tell you that I can’t go to the bookstore with you at our appointed time.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ·书面表达)
我写信是想告诉你，我不能按我们约好的时间陪你逛书店了。
3.不定式
作主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语和状语等。
We may have various ways to deal with such a situation.(2015·浙江卷·书面表达)
我们或许有各种各样处理这种情况的办法。
4.现在分词
作表语、定语、补语和状语等。
Standing in Shandong Province，Mount Tai has long been a popular tourist attraction，with many Chinese legendary stories attached to it.(2017·北京卷·书面表达)
泰山矗立在山东境内，长期以来一直是山东省的旅游胜地，有许多与之相关的中国传说。
佳句输出
补全句子
1.Having a trip there will give you a good understanding of Chinese culture.(2017·北京卷·书面表达)
到那里旅行会使你对中国文化有一个很好的了解。
2.A week before Earth Day，a big poster was put up on campus，calling upon us students to take action for a greener earth.(2016·北京卷·书面表达)
在“地球日”前的一周，我们学校就贴出大海报，号召我们学生为建立一个更加环保的地球而行动起来。
3.Amazed at how skilful they were，I was determined to be just as good.
对他们娴熟的技巧惊讶不已，我决定像他们一样棒。
4.Actually，I have been expecting to meet you on Sunday to have a good time.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ·书面表达)
实际上，我一直期望能在周日和你见面，一起度过一段美好的时光。
5.Later on，we were invited to share our ideas and experience with all the students of our school.(2016·北京卷·书面表达)
后来，我们被邀请与我们学校的所有学生分享我们的想法和经验。
6.With birds singing in the tree and everything so green，I feel very delighted and relaxed.(2016·四川卷·书面表达)
鸟儿在树上歌唱，满眼绿色，我感到既快乐又放松。
完美文章(建议信)
利用非谓语动词，结合中文提示补全短文并背诵
Dear Shirley，
Glad to receive your e－mail.The problem you mentioned is common among middle school students.Don’t worry about it too much.1.Follow the following advice (遵循以下建议) I give you，and you may 2.get/have your problem settled (使你的问题得到解决).
First of all，believe in yourself.The first thing you must do is 3.to smile at your classmates (对你的同学微笑).A smile speaks louder about your wish 4.to make friends (交朋友) than any words.Your smile will show that you are friendly to them.Next 5.try talking with a student (试着和学生交谈) who is as shy as you or who shares the same interest as you.You can discuss your studies with a classmate，or you can also talk about your hobbies.If anyone is in trouble in life or study，you should be ready to help him or her.6.Having regained your confidence (在恢复你的自信后)，you can make as many friends as possible.
Yours，
Li Hua
层级四　光彩夺目的“定语从句”
定语从句的正确使用能够比较明显地反映出考生对于语言具有较高的掌握能力，所以建议考生一定要在写作中至少使用一个恰到好处的定语从句。
美句输入
1.限制性定语从句
与先行词关系密切，没有逗号与先行词隔开，应正确使用关系代词和关系副词。
When summer vacation for us students comes every year，we can do all that we can’t do during our school time.(2016·四川卷·书面表达)
每年我们学生放暑假时，我们可以做我们在学校期间不能做的所有事情。
2.非限制性定语从句
对所修饰的成分做进一步说明，有逗号隔开。其中as，which引导的定语从句在高考范文中屡见不鲜。
I’ve decided to teach you Tang poetry in Room 101 Building 1 at 8 am on Wednesday，which will last two hours.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ·书面表达)
我决定在星期三早上8点于1号楼101室教你唐诗，这将持续两个小时。
3.“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
关系代词指人用whom，指物用which
Material collecting took us a whole week，during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life.(2017·北京卷·书面表达)
搜集材料花了我们整整一周的时间，在此期间我们采访了老师并拍摄了学校生活的各个方面。
佳句输出
补全句子
1.I am writing to invite you to pay a visit to a paper－cutting exhibition，where you can have a close look at our traditional Chinese culture.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ·书面表达)
我写信是想请您参观一个剪纸展览，在这里您可以近距离了解我们的中国传统文化。
2.Among the four seasons in a year，summer is my favorite，which makes me free，excited and energetic.(2016·四川卷·书面表达)
一年四个季节中，夏天是我最喜欢的，它让我自由，兴奋和充满活力。
3.Any student who is interested is welcome to participate.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ·书面表达)
欢迎任何有兴趣的学生参加。
4.How about the last Sunday of June，when the examination is over and we are free？(2016·全国卷Ⅲ·书面表达)
等考试结束后，我们都有时间的话，六月的最后一个周日怎么样？
5.I’d like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to you for your generous help，without which I wouldn’t make such rapid progress.(2016·天津卷·书面表达)
我想借此机会表达你对我慷慨帮助的感激之情，没有你的帮助，我不会取得如此快的进步。
6.There are four seasons in a year，each of which has distinctive features.(2016·四川卷·书面表达)
一年中有四季，每个季节都有显著的特点。
完美文章(推荐信)
利用定语从句句型，结合中文提示补全短文并背诵
Dear Mr.Pick，
The website 1.that/which you’ve recommended to me (你向我推荐的) is very beneficial to my English study.It has abundant reading materials 2.that/which I need most (我最需要的)，3.which greatly broadens my horizons (这极大地拓宽了我的视野).Now I have become more interested in English.Besides，I’ve made many new friends，and with them I exchange a lot about school life，cultures，science，and so on.Now I can express myself much better than ever.The reason 4.why I have made rapid progress (我取得进步的原因) in English study is because of your kindness and consideration.I owe all my achievements to you.I’m looking forward to more advice from you!
Yours，
Li Hua
层级五　丰富多样的“名词性从句”
名词性从句是高中阶段重要的语法项目之一，也是写作中常用的高级表达。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

美句输入
1.主语从句
注意it作形式主语的it is＋adj./n.＋that...及what impresses/surprises...sb most is that...等主语从句。
It is reported that there will be a Chinese paper－cutting show this Sunday in the art gallery，which is expected to last about eight hours from 8：00 am to 4：00 pm.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ·书面表达)
据报道，本星期日美术馆将举行一场中国剪纸展，预计从上午8点到下午4点，大约要持续八个小时。
2.表语从句
that在表语从句中不作成分，但不能省略。常用句型：
①The reason why...is that...……的原因是……
②That/This/It is why/because...这就是为什么/因为……
Tang Poetry is what we are going to learn the next class，scheduled on July 20 in the school library.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ·书面表达)
唐诗是我们将要学习的下一节课的内容，定于7月20日在学校图书馆进行。
3.宾语从句
注意语序和时态。
Hope (that) my advice will be of some help to you and that you’ll have a good time in China.(2017·北京卷·书面表达)
希望我的建议能对你有帮助，也希望你在中国过得快乐。
4.同位语从句
前后互相解释，地位平等。
写作中常用句式：
①Sb holds the belief/view that...某人坚定地认为……
②No one can deny the fact that...谁也不可否认的事实是……
No one can deny the fact that environment is getting polluted more and more seriously.
谁也不可否认的事实是，环境污染越来越严重了。
佳句输出
补全句子
1.It is evident that this experience will become a pleasant memory.(2016·天津卷·书面表达)
显然，这次经历将成为一个愉快的回忆。
2.What we appreciated most was that you had a strong teamwork spirit，which allowed us to complete our tasks very efficiently.(2016·天津卷·书面表达)
我们最为欣赏的是你们有强烈的团队精神，使我们高效地完成了任务。
3.The truth is that everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to be going wrong，so you don’t have to worry so much.(2016·安徽卷·书面表达)
事实上每个人都有似乎诸事不顺的一段时期，因此你没有必要太担心。
4.One day，she heard the news that the sports meeting would be held.(湖南卷·满分作文)
一天，她听到了将要举行运动会的消息。
5.The residents think highly of what we have done.(2016·北京卷·书面表达)
居民们高度评价了我们的做法。
6.I am wondering if you have made a definite plan for the coming summer holiday.(2016·安徽卷·书面表达)
我想知道你是否为即将到来的暑假制订了明确的计划。
完美文章(邀请信)
利用所学名词性从句的相关知识，结合中文提示补全短文并背诵
Boys and girls，
I’m the chairman of Student Union，Li Hua，and I have big news for you 1.that we，Student Union，set up an English club (我们学生会成立了一个英语俱乐部).Obviously，besides study，there are also other things beneficial to us.One of the benefits is 2.that the club can make our campus life colorful and rewarding (俱乐部可以使我们的校园生活丰富多彩，充满收获).There goes the plan.
3.It is arranged (据安排) that we will see English films in the auditorium on Tuesday evening.Apart from that，there is going to be an English debate or discussion on Saturday evening；yet，the specific topics haven’t been settled.If you have wonderful ideas and suggestions，please let us know.
I’ll highly appreciate it 4.if you are actively involved in the club (如果你积极参与俱乐部活动).You will never regret joining us.So，just do it.
Student Union
层级六　画龙点睛的“状语从句”
作文中利用各种形式的状语从句，能使文章句式复杂多样，对要点的表述更加具体、生动、准确和全面，并能突出重点，起到“点睛”作用，让阅卷老师眼前一亮。
美句输入
1.时间状语从句
引导词：①常用when，as，while，as soon as，before，after，since，till，until；②特殊the minute，the moment，the second，every time，the day，the instant，immediately，directly，no sooner...than，hardly...when，scarcely...when等。
It has been two weeks since you came to our school for the exchange program，which has benefited all of us.(2016·天津卷·书面表达)
你们来我们学校参加交流活动已经两周了，这项活动让我们所有人都受益。
2.地点状语从句
引导词：①常用where；②特殊wherever，anywhere，everywhere。
If you are travelling where the customs are totally different from your own，you may feel a cultural shock.
如果你在一个风俗与你当地完全不同的地方旅游，你可能会感到文化冲击。
3.目的状语从句
引导词：①常用so that，in order that；②特殊in case，for fear that。
We can set out early so that we’ll have more time to read and select books.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ·书面表达)
我们可以提前出发，这样我们会有更多的时间来阅读和选择书籍。
4.原因状语从句
引导词：①常用because，since，as，for；②特殊seeing that，now that，in that，considering that，given that等。
Since the deadline is next Sunday，would you please send them back to me before next Saturday？(2016·全国卷Ⅰ·书面表达)
因为截止日期是下周日，您能否在下周六前把它们发给我？
5.结果状语从句
引导词：常用so...that；such...that。
You are so kind and considerate that we hope to be friends with you no matter where you are.(2016·天津卷·书面表达)
你们如此善良、体贴，我们希望成为你们的朋友，无论你们在哪。
6.条件状语从句
引导词：①常用if，unless，in case；②特殊as/so long as，only if，providing/provided that，supposing that，on condition that等。
You can write anything relevant so long as it’s interesting and informative.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ·书面表达)
只要它有趣并令人增长见识，你可以写与之有关的任何东西。
7.让步状语从句
引导词：①常用though，although，even if/though，while，特殊疑问词－ever；②特殊as，whether...or (not)...不管……不论。
I have decided to take the job offer，whether it is good or bad.
不管好坏，我已经决定接受这份工作邀请。
佳句输出
补全句子
1.We did so well that we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school.(2016·北京卷·书面表达)
我们做得那么好以至于被邀请与全校同学分享观点和经验。
2.Whenever/No matter when you want to achieve something in life，there will be problems of this or that kind.(2015·福建卷·满分作文)
每当你想在生活中获取什么时，总会有这样或那样的问题。
3.When the craftsman came into the classroom，we gave him a warm welcome and two boys helped him with the tool box.(2015·北京卷·书面表达)
当工匠走进教室时，我们热烈地欢迎了他并且两位男孩帮他拿着工具箱。
4.However/No matter how far away we are，we feel close to each other.(重庆卷·写作)
无论我们距离有多远，我们都感觉近在咫尺。
5.In order that he can have a chance to receive university education，his parents work hard day and night.
为了使他能有机会接受大学教育，他的父母日夜辛苦地工作。
6.The dough figurine he made was so beautiful that we couldn’t wait to have a try ourselves.
他做的面人如此漂亮，以至于我们迫不及待地想亲自试试。
7.Though/Although the Internet is of great help，I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it.
尽管因特网有很大帮助，但我认为在上面花太多的时间不是个好主意。
8.We’ll let you use the room on condition that/so long as you keep it clean and tidy.
只要你能保持整洁，我们可以让你使用这个房间。
完美文章(投诉信)
利用所学状语从句的相关知识，结合中文提示补全短文并背诵
Dear Headmaster，
I am a student in Class One，Grade Two and I am Li Hua.Recently，I have found that the waste in our school is very serious.1.If you go around the school(如果你绕着学校走走)，you will find the lights are burning day and night.In addition，you will also find the taps running all the time 2.so that quantities of water are wasted (结果大量的水被浪费了).In the dining room，food is thrown away everywhere and there are a lot of useful things in the litter bins.
Faced with these phenomena，I feel worried.3.Although/Though our country is becoming richer and richer now(尽管我们的国家正变得越来越富)，we still need to save everything 4.because saving is one of virtues of the Chinese (因为节约是中国人的美德之一).Do you agree with what I said？Would you like to ask all the students to promote saving and oppose waste？I am expecting your answer.
Best wishes!
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
层级七　委婉动人的“虚拟语气”
委婉动人的虚拟语气句型在写作中属于高级句式，它的合理运用能给文章增色添彩。
美句输入
1.if型虚拟语气，如果……，就……
Secondly，if I were you，I would take a walk in the evening with my friends.(安徽卷·满分作文)
第二，如果我是你，我会在傍晚和朋友一起散步。
2.wish型虚拟语气，希望……
Besides，I wish there wouldn’t be too many students in a class.
另外，我希望一个班不会有太多的学生。(全国卷Ⅰ·满分作文)
3.as if/though型虚拟语气，好像……
Everything in my childhood crowded upon my mind as if/though they had just happened.
童年的一切一下子涌入我的大脑，仿佛刚刚发生似的。
4.if only型虚拟语气，要是……就好了；但愿……
If only I could go back and reset my goals.(2015·重庆卷·写作)
要是我能够回到过去重订目标该有多好。
5.It’s (high/about) time (that)...型虚拟语气，是……的时候了
It is high time that both children and parents took/should take action to make small changes.(福建卷·满分作文)
确实到了孩子和父母行动起来做出改变的时候了。
6.(should) do型虚拟语气，应该……
To master Mandarin，I strongly suggest you (should) practice with Chinese people.(2015·四川卷·满分作文)
为了掌握普通话，我强烈建议你和中国人进行练习。
7.without/but for/but that含蓄型虚拟语气，没有……，要不是……
Without your help，I couldn’t have won the first place in the English Speaking Competition.
要是没有你的帮助，我不可能在英语演讲比赛中获得第一名。
佳句输出
补全句子
1.It is suggested that everyone (should) eat more fruit and vegetables.
建议每个人都应多吃水果和蔬菜。
2.If it were not for your help，I would not have succeeded in the experiment.
如果不是有你的帮助，这次实验我就不会成功。
3.If I were a dustman，I would make our city cleaner with no rubbish on the street.
如果我是一位清洁工，我会使我们的城市清洁，大街上没有垃圾。
4.If you had come earlier，you would/could have caught the train.
如果你来早一点，就会赶上那班列车了。
5.Your suggestion that teenagers (should) be kept away from computer games is accepted.
你建议青少年应该远离电脑游戏的提议被接受了。
6.Without/But for your encouragement，I couldn’t have got such good grades.
没有你的鼓励，我不可能取得如此好的成绩。
7.It’s high time that we made/should make up our minds to study hard.
是我们该下定决心努力学习的时候了。
8.If only I had taken your advice yesterday.
要是我昨天听了你的建议就好了。
完美文章(演讲稿)
利用所学虚拟语气写作句型，结合中文提示补全短文并背诵
I feel honored to be invited here to deliver a speech.My topic today is “If I were a dustman.”
Perhaps you are surprised at my choice，but I do think being a dustman is a great choice.I wish 1.I could become a dustman (我能成为一名环卫工人) because 2.I wish I could make our city a more beautiful place to live in (我希望我能把我们的城市变成一个更美的居住的地方).If I were a dustman，3.I would make our city cleaner (我会让我们的城市更干净) with no rubbish lying on the street.I would tell others without us dustmen our city 4.would be difficult to live in (很难居住).5.I would rather you were in favor of my idea (我宁愿你们支持我的主意).
My suggestion is that，whatever you do，6.you should devote yourself to doing it well(你应专心做好它).
层级八　重点突出的“强调句”
强调句型可强调除谓语动词和表语外的其他任何成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。强调句型的灵活运用不仅有助于增强表达效果，突出要强调的重点，更能彰显考生对英语表达的把握能力。
美句输入
1.It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他
It was his continuous efforts that caused China to change gradually.(2016·北京卷·书面表达)
正是他的不懈努力使得中国逐渐发生变化。
2.Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他？
Was it in that park that the children saw the strange green objects?
正是在那个公园里孩子们看见了那些奇怪的绿色物体吗？
3.特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋其他？
When was it that you made up your mind to work as a volunteer teacher?
是什么时候你下定决心要当一名志愿者老师的？
4.It is/was not until...that...
It was not until he went through real hardship that he realized the love we have for our families is important.
直到经历了真正的苦难，他才意识到我们对家人的爱是多么重要。
5.强调谓语时，借助于do/does/did＋动词原形
We did hope there would be more meaningful activities in the coming future.(2015·北京卷·满分作文)
我们确实希望今后有更多有意义的活动。
佳句输出
补全句子
1.It is not only your enthusiasm but also your teamwork and good spirits that impress us.(2016·天津卷·书面表达)
不仅是你的热情，而且团队合作和良好的精神状态给我们留下了深刻的印象。
2.But rules alone don’t secure an orderly society.It is the people who obey the rules that matter.(2015·江苏卷·书面表达)
但是制度本身不能保证一个有秩序的社会，遵守规则的人才是重要的。
3.By the way，I do hope that you can help me improve my English writing ability，especially the proper use of vocabulary and some important grammar.(2015·四川卷·书面表达)
顺便说一下，我确实希望你能帮助我提高英语写作能力，尤其是正确使用词汇和一些重要语法的能力。
4.Is it the teacher’s help that contributes to your success?
是你老师的帮助才促进你的成功吗？
5.It was not until last term that I realized the importance of team work.
直到上个学期我才理解了团队合作的重要性。
6.It was when we were returning home that I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.(2015·湖南卷·书面表达)
正是在我们回家的时候我才意识到帮助别人于危难之时的感觉是多么令人愉悦。
完美文章(道歉信)
利用所学的强调句型，结合中文提示补全短文并背诵
Dear Bob，
I am sorry to tell you that I can’t go to the bookshop with you on Sunday morning as we planned last week.I am writing to apologize for breaking my promise.1.It is because the final exam is just around the corner (是因为期末考试即将来临) that I decide to stay at home to go over my lessons.You know，I 2.did do badly in the last exam (在上次考试中我的确做得很差).So I want to devote all my spare time to working on my lessons in order to get good scores in the final exam.3.It is on the second Sunday in January that (是一月份的第二个星期天) I want to go to the bookstore with you.I am wondering if you will be free at that time.Sorry again for the inconvenience caused to you.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
层级九　风格独具的“特殊句”
在写作中，倒装和省略句型应用比较广泛，这两种句型的巧妙应用是书面表达得高分的助力。
美句输入
一、常用的倒装句式
1.“only＋状语”置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
Only in this way can we students study happily and effectively.(2015·湖南卷·满分作文)
只有以这种方式，我们学生才能愉快、有效地学习。
2.none，neither，nor，not，never，hardly，little，seldom等否定词，以及由no构成的否定短语(如at no time，by no means等)置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
No sooner/Hardly had he finished his talk than/when he was surrounded by the excited workers.
他刚一结束讲话就被兴奋的工人们围了起来。
3.在so/such...that...结构中，当so/such...位于句首时，其后的句子用部分倒装。
So attractive and alive do they look that I think you could be interested in it.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ·书面表达)
他们看起来如此迷人和生动，以至于我想你可能对它感兴趣。
4.as/though尽管……
Child as/though he is，he knows a lot about astronomy.
虽然他是个孩子，但他知道很多天文学知识。
5.were/should/had...如果……
Looking back，I feel I wouldn’t be able to ride a bike had I lost heart.(福建卷·书面表达)
回顾以往，我感觉如果我失去了信心就学不会骑自行车。
6.here，there，now，then，out，in，up，down，on the wall，in the room等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词而不是代词时，句子用全部倒装。
In that picture，around the table with three books on it sit three students.(2015·上海卷·满分作文)
在图画中，三个学生围坐在桌子周围，桌子上有三本书。
二、常用的省略句式
1.if/unless/when/while/once等＋doing/done...
If interested in it，please send an email to 123456@sina.com.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ·书面表达)
如果有兴趣，请发送电子邮件到123456@sina.com。
2.if possible/necessary/not/no/any/ever等固定结构
If so，please come to the Student Union and sign up before April 5.
如果这样的话，请在4月5日之前来学生会报名。
佳句输出
补全句子
1.Not only do his poems have a strong influence on the Chinese literature，but also his poems have been translated into many foreign languages.(2016·北京卷·书面表达)
他的诗歌不仅对中国文学有很大的影响，而且还被译成多种外语。
2.If it’s convenient for you，let’s meet at 8：30 outside the school gate.If not，let me know what time suits you best.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ·书面表达)
如果你方便的话，我们八点半在学校门口见面。如果不方便，请让我知道什么时间最适合你。
3.While/When writing the book，Li Shizhen suffered a lot from tasting some unknown plants on his own.(2016·北京卷·书面表达)
在写这本书时，由于自己品尝过一些不知名的植物，李时珍遭受了很多折磨。
4.For a moment nothing happened.Then came voices all shouting together.
有一段时间什么也没发生，然后传来了大家一起喊叫的声音。
5.Were I two years younger，I would suggest that I invest in today.
如果我年轻两岁，我会建议投资现在。
6.So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself.
他开车如此粗心，以至于差点把自己害死了。
7.Only in this way can the government solve the pollution problem completely.
只有用这种方法政府才能彻底解决污染问题。
8.In front of our school stands a tall tree with a history of 1，000 years.
我们学校前面有一棵1 000年树龄的大树。
完美文章(日记)
利用倒装句和省略句型，结合中文提示补全短文并背诵
Tuesday，August 1，2017Fine
In front of my home 1.lies a mountain (有座山)，which is very high.
2.Never will I forget (我不会忘记) the day when I climbed the mountain with my father.The sky was clear and the sun was shining brightly.3.So fast did my father walk (我父亲走得如此快) that he was far ahead of me.Not until he stopped to wait for me 4.did I catch up with him (我赶上他).5.Though/Although tired/Tired as/though I was (尽管我很累)，I didn’t give up.6.When reaching (当到达) the top，we felt a sense of achievement.
7.So is the life(生活也是这样).We shouldn’t give up halfway，however great the difficulty is.Only in this way 8.can we succeed (我们才能成功).