2019版英语高三一轮复习系列外研学案导学版文档：第二部分基础保分篇第四讲

第四讲　介　词 第一课时　知识过关课读语篇，悟语法。反复朗读下列短文，领悟画线黑体部分。思考：什么词前用介词；有哪几类介词；介词的搭配要注意什么。Born in[1] Beijing, Yuan Longping graduated from[2] Southwest Agricultural College in China in[3] 1953, and since[4] his graduation he has devoted himself to[5] agricultural education and research.His pioneering research has helped rid China of[6] hunger within[7] three decades.In 1973, in[8] cooperation with others, he was able to cultivate a type of hybrid rice species which had great advantages over[9] others and whose output would increase by[10] 20 percent than that of common ones.With[11] higher yields than previous varieties, Professor Yuan’s new crop，regarded as[12] the fifth invention after[13] China’s Four Major Inventions, has quickly improved China’s food supply.Without[14] any hesitation, he shared his knowledge and technology with foreign scientists, so farmers in more than ten other countries besides[15] China have thus benefited from[16] his work, gaining access to[17] his technology.In[18] return, he was awarded many international awards for his great achievements.In his spare time, Dr.Yuan loves playing the violin and listening to music.Every night，he reads for[19] half an hour about[20] various topics before he goes to sleep.But he cares for nothing more than his research and he goes to the fields twice a day by[21] motorbike, which has left a strong impression on[22] us.1.in地点介词，在某个城市、国家等范围较大的地点前用in；小地点，如station，airport，corner等前面常用at。2.从某所学校毕业用graduated from。3.年、月前用in。4.since“自……以后，从……以来”，表示某情况自过去某时间点或某个事件以来一直持续到现在，谓语动词通常使用完成时。5.介词to与动词devote构成词组devote oneself to表示“某人致力于某事”。6.rid sb of表示“使某人摆脱”。7.介词within后面接一段时间，表示“不超过，在……的范围内”。8.固定搭配in cooperation with表示“与……合作”。9.固定搭配have advantages over表示“比……有优势”。10.by后接数量词，表示……的幅度。11.with表示“有”。12.as表示“作为”。13.after表示“在……之后”。14.词组without any hesitation表示“毫不犹豫地”。15.besides表示“除了……外，还”。16.benefit from表示“从……中受益”。17.access后常接介词to构成词组access to表示“可获得/利用某物或到达某地”。18.in return，表示“反过来，作为报答”。19.for表示某事持续了一段时间。20.about关于；在……方面。21.by乘(交通工具)。22.leave a strong impression on sb给某人留下深刻的印象Ⅰ.单句填空(请填入1个适当的单词)1.So, I just looked at her with a questioning expression on my face.2.During the winter, they remind themselves，“This won’t last long; we’ll soon be out of here.” And on the first warm day, the ants are out.3.The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered what the boy would do.4.I didn’t want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn’t like leaving him on his own either.5.His teacher took a deep drink and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.The young man went home with a happy heart.6.Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered.She found some good quality pipes on sale.7.When Jane got home, with her small but well－chosen present in her bag, her parents were already at table having supper.8.He was very tired after/from doing this for a whole day.9.I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honour of receiving me as a guest in their house.10.When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused her.11.I once took a walk along the street on a Saturday dusk，with a Pepsi can in my hand.12.We should take some measures to fight against pollution.13.During one visit to the Pacific islands of Tonga, a specially－prepared dinner was arranged in her honour.14.We’d better discuss everything in detail before we work out the plan.15.Try on this red skirt; you will look great in it.Ⅱ.单句改错(下列每句中最多有两处错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改，请指出并改正。)1.I worked like a postman for a short time, but I am afraid of dogs and I had a lot of trouble.like→as2.No sooner had I got off my bicycle than a large dog ran towards the gate, barking loudly to me.to→at3.The terrible－looking dog picked the card immediately and carried it in the house.The dog was a good postman.in→into4.In a very cold and windy morning, Miss Jones walked to the school, and the cold wind went into her eyes, and big tears began rolling out of them.In→On5.In my surprise, two fire engines were outside my house.In→To6.I told about the firemen that it was my careless cooking that caused the heavy smoke.去掉about7.Paddy and I wanted to go off for help, but Mike insisted staying near the car.在insisted后加on8.Japan is known for the land of the cherry blossom (樱花) because of in the spring of the year the cherry trees are so beautiful.for→as；去掉because后的of9.As is known by all, the Internet is playing a more and more important part on our daily life.by→to；on→in10.Under his help, I have made rapid progress and caught up the class.Under→With；在caught up后加withⅢ.翻译句子1.通过这样做，我不仅能与其他人共享好的想法，而且学会了清晰地表达自己。(by doing...；share...with...)By doing so, I can not only share good ideas with others but also learn to express myself clearly.2.首先，因为我的英语很流利，我认为我适合这项工作。(because of；be suitable for)Firstly, because of my fluent English, I think I am very suitable for this job.3.同时，我要把保护环境整洁健康看作是我的职责。(at the same time；regard it as one’s duty to do....)At the same time, I will regard it as my duty to keep our environment clean and healthy.4.与逃跑的司机相比，我为所做之事感到非常自豪。(compared with；be proud of)Compared with the escaped driver, I am proud of what I have done.5.他对所有人及自己所做的任何事情都严格要求，这让他深受人们的爱戴。(be strict with...in...；which引导的非限制性定语从句)He was strict with everybody and in everything he did, which makes him deeply loved and respected.Ⅳ.语篇填空(在空格处填入1个适当的介词)Mr.Brown was going away 1.     a week.Before he left, he said to his son, “If anyone asks 2.     me，you can tell him that your father has been out 3.     doing something, and will be back 4.     a week, then be sure to ask him to sit down 5.     a cup of tea.”“OK, Dad，” said his son.But he was afraid his son couldn’t remember this, he wrote these words down 6.     a piece of paper and gave it 7.     him.His son put it 8.     his small pocket, took it out and looked 9.     it every now and then.Four days passed, but no one came to see his father.The boy thought that there was no man to come and that the piece of paper was 10.     no more use for him, so he burnt it that evening.The next afternoon, someone knocked 11.     the door.The boy opened it.A man was standing 12.     the door and said, “Where is your father？” The boy put his hand into his pocket 13.     once and looked 14.     the piece of paper.He could not find it.He suddenly remembered he had burnt it, so he shouted，“No more.”The man asked 15.     surprise, “No more? I met your father last week.When did it happen？”【语篇导读】　本文是个笑话，笑料在于no more有“没有了”“死了”等不同含意。1.for　[表示持续多久，用“for＋时间段”。]2.for　[ask for sb意为“找某人”。]3.for　[表示目的，此处for doing相当于to do。]4.in　[表示过多久后将会做某事，用“in＋时间段”。]5.for　[表示目的用for，此处相当于to have。]6.on　[表示“在纸上”写下来。]7.to　[“把某物给某人”是give sth to sb。]8.into　[将纸条“放入”口袋里。]9.at　[look at表示“看”。]10.of　[of use＝useful。]11.at　[knock at the door表示“敲门”。]12.at　[at the door表示“在门口”。]13.at　[at once表示“立即，马上”。]14.for　[look for表示“寻找”。]15.in　[表示“惊奇地”用in surprise。]第二课时　高考研究课介词在语法填空中的考查点规律方法1.熟练掌握常见介词及短语的意义和用法；2.正确理解语境所提供的信息。真题验证11.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and      work.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)答案　from　[to and from往返，来回，来来往往。to and from work上下班。]2.This trend，which was started by the medical community(医学界)      a method of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)答案　as　[此处指作为一种抵抗心脏病的方法。as表示“作为”。]3.After school she plans to take a year off to model full－time before going to university to get a degree      engineering or architecture.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)答案　in　[名词degree意为“学位”，后面应该跟介词in，表示“在……方面”。a degree in engineering or architecture意为“工程学或建筑学学位”。]4.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India, for example, most people traditionally eat      their hands.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)答案　with　[with意为：使用。]5. But my connection with pandas goes back      my days on a TV show in the mid－1980s.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)答案　to　[go back to意为：追溯到……。]6.Most of us are more focused      our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. (2016·全国卷Ⅱ)答案　on　[be focused on意为：集中注意力于……。]7. For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away      car and offers all the scenery of the better－known city.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)答案　by　[by car意为：乘坐小汽车。]8. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day；     the same time, they warm up again for the night.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)答案　at　[at the same time意为：同时。]介词在短文改错中的考查点规律方法 解决短文改错中的介词错误，主要注意以下几点：1.在习惯搭配中介词的使用是相对固定的，不能随意改动；2.及物动词后直接跟宾语，无需加介词；3.不及物动词后跟宾语时应加相应的介词；4.正确理解语境中介词的意义。真题验证21.They have also bought for some gardening tools.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)    答案　去掉for　[及物动词buy后不加介词。]2.It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)    答案　on→of　[in the middle of在……中间。]3.When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)    答案　去掉第二个of　[realize是及物动词，后面直接跟宾语从句how fast time flies。]4.My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)    答案　dreams后加of　[dream of意为：梦想……。]5.Now I am leaving home to college.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)    答案　to→for　[leave (...) for...意为：离开(……)到某地。]6.Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)    答案　on→with　[with the development of意为：随着……的发展。]7.Tony saw a toy on a shop window.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)    答案　on→in　[“在一家商店的橱窗里”应该使用介词in a shop window。]