2020高考英语大一轮精讲练人教版讲义：6.5



[话题单词]
1．hurricane n． 飓风
2．volcano n． 火山
3．thunderstorm n． 雷暴
4．earthquake n． 地震
5．flood n． 水灾
6．typhoon n． 台风
7．panic v． 惊慌
8．lightning n． 闪电
9．erupt v． 爆发
10．disaster n． 灾难
11．damage n． 损害
12．warning n． 警告
13．predict v． 预测
14．affect v． 影响
15．muddy adj. 泥泞的
16．freezing adj. 结冰的，极冷的
17．frost n． 霜(冻)
18．foggy adj. 有雾的
19．drought n． 干旱
20．landslide n． 泥石流
[话题短语]
1．clear up转晴
2．be covered with覆盖
3．broken weather阴晴不定的天气
4．all of a sudden突然，冷不防
5．as usual像往常一样，照例
6．blow over经过；(云等)吹散
7．clear off(云雾等)消散
8．cut off切掉；切断；阻隔
9．dry up(使)干涸
10．die away/down(风、声、光等)逐渐消退
11．go down(温度等)下降
12．be responsible for 为……负责
13．go against nature违反自然
14．a law of nature自然法则
15．all over the world全世界
[话题佳句]
1．It seems to be clearing up.天似乎要转晴。
2．It is pouring down outside now.
现在外面下着倾盆大雨。
3．The weather is very changeable at this time of year.
年年在这个时候天气都变化无常。
4．There will be a rainstorm accompanied by thunder and lightning.
将有一场雷电交加的暴风雨。
5．The temperature has dropped a lot today.
今天温度降了很多。
6．All flights have been cancelled because of bad weather.
因天气恶劣，所有航班均被取消。
7．It was so foggy that the driver could hardly make out the way ahead.
浓雾弥漫，司机看不清前面的路。
8．Hurricane Betty is now approaching the coast of Florida.
飓风贝蒂正在逼近佛罗里达海岸。
[佳作背诵]
请以Protecting our environment为题，写一篇介绍环境保护的短文。要求内容包括以下几个要点，词数100左右。
1．我们正遭受越来越多自然灾害的侵害；
2．我们应该采取措施保护环境；
3．如果我们不马上行动，我们就会受惩罚。
参考词汇：以……为代价at the cost of；受损害的环境damaged environment


Protecting our environment
With the rapid development of world economy，many people come to realize that we have got the development at the cost of our environment. It is often reported that we are suffering from more and more natural disasters because of the damaged environment.
If we human beings are clever enough，we should take measures to protect the environment right now.If we don't，the earth will perhaps come to an end.We should pass laws to forbid cutting down trees.Those who pollute rivers and seas should be punished.Wild animals should be well protected.Everyone should know the importance of protecting environment.
As is known to all，if we act soon enough，we can still have a bright future.If we don't，one thing is certain—we will be punished by nature.

识记·思考·运用
1．核心单词
①height n. 高， 高度
②novelist n．小说家
③sweat n. 汗， 汗水
④guarantee vt.保证；担保
⑤document n．文件；文献
⑥natural adj. 自然的；天然的；天生的
⑦shoot vt. 射击， 射中， 发射 n. 嫩枝；苗；芽
⑧cause n. 原因， 起因 vt. 促使， 引起，使发生
⑨manage v. 管理；设法对付；解决；经营；完成
⑩alongside adv.在旁边；沿着边 prep.在……旁边；沿着……的边
⑪potential n．潜在性；可能性；潜能 adj.可能的；潜在的
⑫appoint vt.任命；委派→ appointment n．约定；任命
⑬suit n．一套外衣；套装 vt.适合；使适宜→ suitable adj.合适的
⑭actual adj.实在的；实际的 →actually adv.实际地
⑮anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的→ anxiously adv.不安地→ anxiety n．担心；焦虑；渴望
⑯panic vi.& vt.惊慌 n．惊慌；恐慌→ panicked (过去式/过去分词)
⑰absolute adj.绝对的；完全的 →absolutely adv.绝对地；完全地
2．阅读单词
①volcano n．火山
②candidate n．候选人；申请人
③database n．资料库，数据库
④disaster n．灾难；祸患
⑤typhoon n．台风
⑥hurricane n．飓风，十二级风
⑦thunderstorm n．雷暴；雷暴雨；大雪
⑧bungalow n．平房
⑨balcony n．阳台；楼座
⑩fountain n．喷泉
⑪guarantee v. 保证，担保
⑫tremble v. 颤抖
⑬helmet n．头盔
⑭boot n．长统靴；靴
⑮diagram n. 图表，图样
⑯rainbow n. 虹，彩虹
⑰candidate n．候选人；候补者
⑱precious adj.贵重的；珍贵的
⑲eventually adv.最终地；终究；终于，最后
⑳fog n．雾→foggy adj.有雾的
questionnaire n．问卷；调查表→question n．&v.问题；询问
equipment n．设备；装备→equip vt.装备；武装
appoint vt.任命；委派→appointment n．任命；约定
evaluate vt.评估；评价；估计→evaluation n．评估；评价
uncomfortable adj.不舒服的；不舒适的→comfortable adj.舒服的
equipment n．设备；装备→ equip vt.装备；装配
diverse adj.多种多样的；不同的 diversity n．多种多样；多样性
appreciation n．欣赏；感激；感谢 appreciate vt. 欣赏；感激
eruption n．喷发，爆发→ erupt vi.爆发 ；突然发生
unconscious adj. 失去知觉的；未察觉的 →conscious(反义词) adj. 有知觉的；有意识的 →consciously adv.有意识地
用上面所给单词的适当形式填空
1．I felt uncomfortable(comfortable)with my stomach because I ate too much.
2．It helps children to develop an appreciation (appreciate)of poetry and literature.
3．You'd better choose the activity which interests you and suits(suit)you.
4．She was trembling (tremble)with anger.
5．We are guaranteed(guarantee)to deliver the goods in one week.
6．Jim is an absolutely (absolute)brilliant expert in computer.
7．He was appointed (appoint)as manager of the company.
8．It can be difficult to evaluate (evaluate)the effectiveness of different treatments.
9．Tom panicked (panic)at the sound of explosion and called the police.

1．“惊慌，恐慌”家族
①panic vi.& vt.惊慌 n．惊慌；恐慌
②alarm vt.使惊慌 n．惊恐；警报；警报器
③scare v．使惊恐，受惊吓n.惊恐，惊吓
④frighten vt.& vi.(使)惊恐
⑤terrify vt.使恐怖，使惊吓，恐吓
2．后缀－ty构成的抽象名词集锦
①anxiety 担心；焦虑；渴望
②variety 品种，种类
③society 社会
④safety 安全
⑤security 安全，安全感
⑥ability 能力
⑦activity 活动
⑧curiosity 好奇心
⑨equality 平等
⑩majority 多数
3．un－为前缀的高频词速记
①unemployment n．失业；失业人数
②uncover vt.揭开；揭露
③unaware adj.不知道；没意识到
④unbearable adj.难以忍受的；不能容忍的
⑤unbelievable adj.不可相信的；难以置信的
⑥uncomfortable adj.不舒服的；不安的
4．后缀-ness 必备名词荟萃
①sadness 悲伤
②darkness 黑暗
③awareness 意识
④consciousness 知觉
⑤carelessness 粗心大意
⑥happiness 高兴；幸福
⑦kindness 仁慈；好意
⑧weakness 虚弱；弱点
识记·思考·运用
1．动词短语
①burn to the ground 全部焚毁
②make one’s way 前往
③glance through 匆匆看一遍
④vary from... to...由……到……不等
⑤have a gift for 有……的天赋
⑥take notice 留意；注意
2．be＋名词/形容词＋介词
①be home to 是……的栖息地；是……的家园
②be compared with 与……相比
③be suitable for 对……合适
④be anxious for渴望
3．其他形式
①in the distance 在远处
②be aboutto 即将
用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空
1．We were about to go out when it began to rain.
2．He carelessly glanced through the notice on the bulletin board and went away.
3．The ages of the kids in the kindergarten vary from 2 years old to 5 years old.
4．After admiring the beautiful view，she made her way to the next destination.
5．Even though he is a little boy，he has a gift for playing musical instruments.
6．During the terrorist attack on September 11th the World Trade Center was burnt to the ground.
7．Keep silent！Take notice of what they are talking about you.
8．I climbed the hill and saw a faint light coming from a house in the distance.

1．“be＋adj.＋for”必备短语集锦
①be anxious for 渴望
②be good/bad for 对……有益/害
③be eager for 渴望
④be famous/well－known for 因……闻名
⑤be fit for 合适，适合
⑥be grateful/thankful for 感谢
⑦be hungry for 渴望得到
⑧be ready for 为……准备好
2．“动词＋through”必备短语一览
①get through 通过；干完；接通电话
②look through 翻阅，看一遍，仔细查看
③go through 审阅，检查
④put through 实行，完成
⑤see through 识破
⑥check through 核对
⑦pull through 渡过危机，康复
⑧break through 突破，克服
在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通
背原句
学句型
练仿写
1.Having collected and evaluated the information，I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.
收集和评估了这些信息之后，我就帮助其他科学家一起预测熔岩接着将往何处流，流速是多少。
“having done”是现在分词的完成式作状语。
有人带领我们参观了这所大学，然后我们被带到了许多科学家工作的大楼。
Having been shown around the university，we then were taken to a building，where many scientists worked.
2....but this being my first experience，I stayed at the top and watched them.
……我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。
this being my first experience是独立主格结构，在句中作原因状语。
由于那个男孩带路，我们很容易就找到了那奇怪的洞。
The boy leading the way，we had no trouble finding the strange cave.
3.It is said that this boy，who had a great gift for languages and persuasion，is the father of the Manchu people.
据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，具有语言天赋和很强的说服力。
It is said that...“据说……”，是一个固定句式。
据报道他由于在某个知名微博上传播谣言已被逮捕。
It was reported that he had been arrested for spreading rumors on a certain popular Weibo.
3500词汇语境篇——先练后背，事半功倍
A Volcano Eruption
As the best candidate，I 1.was appointed(appoint) to collect and evaluate information for a database about diverse natural disasters，such as hurricanes，typhoons or thunderstorms.Sometimes I did this by giving out questionnaires to those 2.who went through them.But sometimes I had to go through actual 3.disasters(disaster) myself.The Musaki Volcano was one of them.
At that time，I lived in a bungalow alongside the volcano with a novelist，who came for the 4.appreciation(appreciate) of its eruption.One day，5.when I was drawing diagrams on the balcony and he was bathing inside，the volcano erupted unexpectedly.The ash and lava fountains 6.shooting(shoot) highly in the sky varied from 50 to 100 meters in height.It was absolutely 7.fantastic(fantasy)! I even noticed a rainbow appear in the fog caused by a heat wave.
But，glancing 8.through our surroundings，I foresaw the potential danger and found no guarantee of our safety.The uncomfortable gas almost made us 9.unconscious(consciously)．Sweats of anxiety began to drop.Managing to stop panicing and trembling，we quickly put on our protective suits，helmets and boots and eventually made our way to a safe place.10.How lucky we were even though my precious equipment and documents were all burnt to the ground!
Notes：fantasy /'fæntəsɪ/ n．幻想，梦想　lava /'lɑ：və/ n．熔岩；火山岩


appoint vt.任命；委派；安排，确定(时间、地点)
(教材原句)I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory(HVO)twenty years ago.
二十年前我被任命为火山学家，为夏威夷火山天文台工作。
拓展词：appointment n．约会；预约；任命，委任
appointed adj.指定的；约定的
appoint a time/place for为……约定时间/地点
(1)appoint sb.as/to be...任命某人为……
appoint sb.to do sth.委派某人做某事
appoint a time/place for为……约定时间/地点
(2)by appointment按照约定
have/make/fix an appointment(with sb.)(与某人)预约/约会
keep/break an appointment守/违约
(1)They congratulated him on his appointment as chairman.他们祝贺他被任命为主席。
(2)Sam has been appointed manager of the engineering department to take the place of George.
山姆被任命为工程部经理，接替乔治。
(3)语境活用
Tom and John had made an appointment(appoint)with the manager.Tom had arrived at the appointed (appoint)time，while John had broken the appointment (appoint)for some reason.Later，Tom was appointed (appoint)as/to be a sales director.汤姆和约翰与经理做好了约定。汤姆在定好的时间到达；而约翰却由于某种原因失约。后来汤姆被任命为销售部经理。
(4)写作能力提升
He was appointed as captain of the basketball team and led the players to the next session of the Olympic Games.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
Appointed as captain of the basketball team，he led the players to the next session of the Olympic Games.
(5)单句语法填空
(2018·北京卷)They take their driverless car to an appointment(appoint) and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking.




suit n．一套外衣；套装 vt.适合；使适宜
(教材原句)We had white protective suits that covered our whole body，helmets，big boots and special gloves.
我们都穿着白色的防护服遮住全身，戴上了头盔和特别的手套，还穿了一双大靴子。
拓展词：suitable adj.合适的；适宜的
(1)suit sb.适合某人
suit one's needs适合某人的需要
(2)a suit of一套……
(3)be suitable for适合于……
be suitable to do sth.适合做某事
(1)A good teacher suits(suit) his lessons to the age of his pupils.一个好的老师要使教学内容与其学生的年龄相适应。
(2)语境活用
It was really difficult to find a suitable(suit)job，but I was lucky to get one because the manager thought I was suitable for the work.I went to buy a black suit to wear in the office.But when I arrived at the office，the manager said the color didn't suit(not suit)me.How disappointed I was.找到一份合适的工作的确是很难，但我很幸运地找到了，因为经理认为我适合这种工作。我去买了一套黑色的衣服在办公室里穿。但当我到了办公室的时候，经理说这种颜色不适合我。我是多么失望呀！
[易混辨析]
suit
多指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位、场合等。
match
多指色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。
fit
多指大小、形状的合适。
(3)用suit，match，fit的正确形式填空
The size of the shirt fits me well and its color matches my tie，so it suits me.
(4)写作能力提升
The challenge is finding suitable partners for them.(用动词suit和定语从句改写)
→The challenge is finding partners that suit them.
panic n．惊慌；恐慌
vi.&vt.惊慌
(教材原句)I felt very nervous and had to force myself not to panic.我非常紧张，不得不强迫自己不要惊慌。
(1)panic sb.into doing sth.使某人因惊慌而做某事
panic over/about/at对……惊慌
(2)get into a panic惊慌失措(表动作)
in panic惊慌失措地
in a state of panic处于惊慌状态(1)Whenever people make decisions when they are panicked(panic)(＝in a panic)，the consequences are rarely pretty.
每当人们在惊恐慌乱中做出决定时，结果往往都不太美妙。
(2)单句语法填空。
①Don't panic over/about/at your exams—I know you—I'm sure you'll do just fine.
②They ran away in such a panic that they dropped their bags and shoes.
③The panicked (panic)father begged the soldiers to take the baby to safety on higher ground.




guarantee v．保证；担保
n．保证；担保；保修单
(教材原句)If you are lucky enough to visit the Lake of Heaven with your loved one，don't forget to make a wish to guarantee your love will be as deep and lasting as the lake itself.如果你有幸同你所爱的人去游天池，别忘了许下一个愿望，以确保你们的爱情像湖水一样深厚、持久。
(1)guarantee against(from) 保证……不……
guarantee sb.sth./guarantee sth.to sb.向某人保证某事
guarantee to do sth.保证做某事
be guaranteed to do 肯定会做……，必定会做……
guarantee sth.(to be)．..保证某物是……
guarantee that...保证……
(2)under guarantee 在保修期内
give sb.a guarantee(that) 向某人保证……
(1)Surely，there will be setbacks and disappointments in life；boldness in itself is no guarantee of success.
当然生活中会有挫折和失望，勇敢本身不是成功的保证。
(2)单句语法填空
①I guarantee to pay(pay) off his debts.
②The car is less than a year old，so it is still under guarantee.
③This kind of behaviour is guaranteed (guarantee) to make him angry.
(3)写作能力提升
我们保证在一周内将货物送到。
①We guarantee to deliver the goods in one week./We guarantee that we will deliver the goods in one week.(guarantee v．)
②We give a guarantee that we will deliver the goods in one week.(guarantee n．)

make one's way前往；获得成功
(教材原句)It was not easy to walk in these suits，but we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red，boiling centre.穿着这些衣服走起路来实在不容易，但我们还是缓缓往火山口的边缘走去，并且向下看到了红红的沸腾的火山中心。
feel one's way摸索着前行
fight/push one's way奋力开出一条路/推挤着前行
wind one's way蜿蜒向前
lose one's way迷路
pick one's way谨慎前进
find one's way找到出路
force one's way out挤出去；冲出去
push one's way in挤进去
take/go one's way我行我素
make way for为……让路
lead the way领路
(1)So long as you work hard，you can make your way in life.只要你努力工作，你的人生就会成功。
(2)语境活用
Having felt(feel)his way through the forest，he lost (lose)his way back home，only to find a river winding (wind)its way down the hill.摸索着穿过森林，他迷失了回家的路，结果发现一条小溪沿着山坡蜿蜒流下来。
(3)用way的相关短语的适当形式填空
①There was no light，so we had to feel our way in the dark.
②She gradually fought her way to the top of the company.
③Try and force your way through the crowd.
④The bus is winding its way up the mountain.
⑤After lunch，I made my way to the classroom.
vary from...to...由……到……不等
(教材原句)The land varies in height from 700 meters above sea level to over 2,000 meters and is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals.这里地面的高度从海拔700米到2 000多米不等，是多种稀有动植物的生长地。
拓展词：variety n．种类；多样化
various adj.各种各样的
(1)vary in sth.(大小、形状等)不同，有别；在……方面不同vary with随……变化，改变
vary between...and...从……到……转变
(2)a variety of＝varieties of＝various各种各样的
(1)The air pressure varies with the height，and the water pressure varies with the depth.
气压随着高度变化，水压随着深度变化。
(2)The buildings in this city vary between very old and very new.
这个城市的建筑物差别很大，有的很旧，有的很新。
(3)语境活用
There are a variety of animals and plants in the world.They vary in shape and size and exist in many parts of the world.But for various(variety) reasons，some of them are dying out.世界上有各种各样的动物和植物。它们在形态和大小上各有不同，并且分布在世界上许多地方。但是由于各种各样的原因，它们中的一些正在逐渐灭亡。
(4)单句语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Join us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks.Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas.

　It is said that this boy，who had a great gift for languages and persuasion，is the father of the Manchu people.据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，他具有很强的语言天赋和说服力。
It is said that...意为“据说……”，it为形式主语，指代that引导的从句。该结构还可以变为“sb. is said to do…”的结构。使用时注意不定式的一般式、进行式及完成式在句子中的变化。
It is thought that...大家认为……
It is believed that...人们相信……
It is hoped that...人们希望……
It is reported that...据报道……
It is well known that...众所周知……
It is generally considered that...大家认为……
It is supposed that...据推测……
[要点释疑]
“It is＋过去分词＋that...”这个句型可以与“sb.be＋过去分词＋to do...”之间相互转换。
(1)It is said that everybody has the same bad habit：the more we like someone，the more we will tease him or her.
据说，每个人都有一个同样的坏毛病：越是喜欢谁，就越爱欺负谁。
(2)单句语法填空
①It is believed that hard work can lead to success.
②He is said to be writing(write) a paper on this subject now.
(3)写作能力提升
①It is supposed that he is working in that big company.
He is supposed to be working in that big company.
②It is said that he has written a new book about science.
He is said to have written a new book about science.
③It is thought that he often helps the people in need.
He is often thought to help the people in need.
(4)单句语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The film is believed(believe) to be instructive and full of emotion.

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Given the opportunity，I'll dig my potential (潜能)to the fullest.
2．No one can guarantee(保证)the punctual arrival of trains in foggy weather.
3．That compliment certainly comes preciously (珍贵地) more than the present.
4．The mother was trembling (颤抖)with anger.She glared at her son and said nothing.
5．The teacher should not evaluate(评估)his students only by their scores.
6．She got into a panic when she found that she'd forgotten the passports，and this panicked (惊恐)her husband，too.
7．There is a diagram (示意图)of the heating system on the wall.
8．The volcano on that island hasn't erupted (爆发) for many years.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．After admiring the beautiful view，she made his way to the next destination.his→her
2．As far as I know，it is absolute impossible to finish it in five days.absolute→absolutely
3．I got into panic when I found the door being locked.into后加a
4．The girl in the photo was smiling sweetly，her long hair flowed in the breeze.flowed→flowing
5．The mother was standing at the gate，anxiously to see her son.anxiously→anxious
6．Her feelings varied from joy and fear as she watched him fight.from→between或and→to
7．Hearing the news that he had appointed as general manager of the big company，he was filled with excitement and joy.had后加been
8．It said that the new mayor will come into power next month.It后加is
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
I often travel to unusual places and work alongside people from all over the world.Using scientific equipment and 1.collecting (collect) information about volcanoes is my job.2.Although/Though my job is occasionally dangerous，I don’t mind because danger excites me and makes me feel alive.3.As is known，when lava from the volcano flows，many houses will be covered 4.with lava or burnt to the ground.However，my job helps other scientists predict 5where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast，which can help protect ordinary people from one of the most powerful 6.forces (force) on earth—the volcano.I once 7.experienced (experience) the eruption of Mount Kilauea and was lucky to have a close look at the 8.absolutely (absolute) fantastic sight.When it broke out，red hot lava was fountained hundreds of metres into the air.All the lava 9.passing (pass) slowly down the mountain caused great damage and buried everything in 10.its path under the molten rock.
Ⅳ.教材与短文改错
Changbaishan is at Jilin Province.It is kept in its natural state for visitor to enjoy it.The height of the land varies 700 metres above sea level to over 2,000 metres.It is home for many plants and animals.Many people come here to study the unique plants and animals when others come to see the spectacular waterfalls.But，the most popular attraction in the reserve are Tianchi，or the Lake of Heaven.If you are luck enough to visit it with your loved one，don’t forget to make a wish to guarantee your love will be as deeply and lasting as the lake itself.
答案
Changbaishan is Jilin Province.It is kept in its natural state for to enjoy it .The height of the land varies 700 metres above sea level to over 2,000 metres.It is home many plants and animals.Many people come here to study the unique plants and animals others come to see the spectacular waterfalls.，the most popular attraction in the reserve Tianchi，or the Lake of Heaven.If you are enough to visit it with your loved one，don’t forget to make a wish to guarantee your love will be as and lasting as the lake itself.
Ⅴ.话题微写作
1．与自然灾害，如台风、飓风、洪水、地震和火山喷发等相比，人类很弱小。
2．当火山喷发时，炽热的岩浆像喷泉一样可喷到数百米的高空中。
3．岩浆流经之处，一切都被掩埋在熔岩下面。人们惊慌失措，为自己的安全担忧。
4．消防队员赶到起火的地方。虽然他们尽一切努力灭火，但是许多房子都被烧毁了。
Compared with natural disasters，such as typhoons，hurricanes，floods，earthquakes and volcano eruptions，humans are weak.When a volcano erupts，hot lava is sent up hundreds of meters into the air like a fountain.Wherever the lava flows，everything is buried under the molten rock.People are in panic and anxious about their safety.The firemen make their way to the places on fire.Though they make every effort to put out the fire，many houses are burnt to the ground.