2021版高三英语人教版一轮复习讲义：必修一Unit5 NelsonMandela—amodernhero
展开Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero
阅 读 词 汇 | 1.mean adj. 吝啬的;自私的;卑鄙的 2.generous adj. 慷慨的;大方的 3.easy-going adj. 随和的;温和宽容的 4.self n. 自我;自身 5.selfish adj. 自私的 6.selfless adj. 无私的;忘我的 7.selflessly adv. 无私地;忘我地 8.invader n. 侵略者 9.republic n. 共和国;共和政体 10.principle n. 法则;原则;原理 11.livelihood n. 生计;谋生 12.mankind n. 人类 13.lawyer n. 律师 14.legal adj. 法律的;依照法律的 15.fee n. 费(会费、学费等);酬金 16.league n. 同盟;联盟;联合会 17.Youth League 青年团 18.quote n. 引用语;语录 19.release vt. 释放;发行 20.blanket n. 毛毯;毯子 21.terror n. 恐怖;可怕的人;恐怖时期;恐怖活动 22.anti-[前缀] 反;抗;阻 23.anti-black adj. 反黑人的 24.warm-hearted adj. 热心肠的 |
识 记 词 汇 | 1.quality n. 质量;品质;性质 2.active adj. 积极的;活跃的 3.devote vt. (与to连用)献身;专心于 4.devoted adj. 忠实的;深爱的 5.found vt. 建立;建设 6.peaceful adj. 和平的;平静的;安宁的 7.hopeful adj. 怀有希望的;有希望的 8.youth n. 青年;青年时期 9.guidance n. 指导;领导 10.stage n. 舞台;阶段;时期 11.vote vt.& vi. 投票;选举 n. 投票;选票;表决 12.attack vt. 进攻;攻击;抨击 13.equal adj. 相等的;平等的 14.willing adj. 乐意的;自愿的 15.unfair adj. 不公正的;不公平的 |
识 记 词 汇 | 16.escape vi.&vt. 逃脱;逃走;避开;泄露 17.educate vt. 教育;训练 18.educated adj. 受过教育的;有教养的 19.beg vi. 请求;乞求 20.relative n. 亲戚;亲属 21.reward n. 报酬;奖金 vt. 酬劳;奖赏 22.sentence vt. 判决;宣判 23.president n. 总统;会长;校长;行长 24.opinion n. 意见;看法;主张 25.violence n. 暴力;暴行 26.cruelty n. 残忍;残酷 |
拓 展 词 汇 | 1.active adj. 积极的;活跃的→actively adv. 积极地;活跃地→activity n. 活动 2.devote vt. 献身;专心于→devoted adj. 忠实的;深爱的→devotion n. 关爱;献身;奉献;忠诚 3.peaceful adj. 和平的;平静的;安宁的→peacefully adv. 和平地→peace n. 和平;平静;和睦 4.guidance n. 指导;领导→guide vt. 带领,引导 n. 向导 5.violence n. 暴力;暴行→violent adj. 暴力的;猛烈的→violently adv. 猛烈地 6.equal adj. 相等的;平等的→equality n. 平等;相等→equally adv. 同样地;相等地;公平地 7.educate vt. 教育;训练→educated adj. 受过教育的;有教养的→education n. 教育→educator n. 教育工作者;教育家 8.cruelty n. 残忍;残酷→cruel adj. 残忍的;残酷的 |
短 语 记 忆 | 1.out of work 失业 2.in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中 3.lose heart 丧失勇气或信心 4.come to power 当权;上台 5.turn to 求助于;致力于 6.as a matter of fact 事实上 7.blow up 使充气;爆炸 8.set up 设立;建立 9.be sentenced to 被判处……(徒刑) |
句 型 整 理 | 1.The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress ... 过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利,阻挡了我们的进步…… 2....only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.……只有到这个时候,我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。 |
句 型 整 理 | 3.I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. 我第一次向一个(参观)小组谈论(罗本岛监狱的情况)时,心里觉得很不好受。 |
重点 语法 | The Attributive Clause (Ⅱ) (where,when,why,prep.+which∕whom) [定语从句(Ⅱ) (where,when,why,prep.+which∕whom)] |
1.devote vt.献身;专心于
归纳拓展 | ①devote oneself to献身于;致力于;专心于 ②devote...to...把……奉献于…… ③be devoted to 深爱;致力于 ④devotion to 对……的专心∕投入∕奉献∕忠诚等 |
单句填空
①Others insist that with children under increasing pressure to devote (devote)their downtime to internships (实习) or study,there’s still room for an institution that protects the lazy days of childhood.(2018年11月浙江,阅读理解B)
②Mothers’ devotion(devote) to children can hardly be calculated.
在短语devote...to中to为介词,其后接名词或动词-ing形式,类似短语还包括:look forward to期盼;get down to开始着手做;be∕get used to习惯于;be∕get accustomed to习惯于;lead to导致;pay attention to注意;object to反对。
2.equal adj.相等的;胜任的;平等的
n.同等的人;相等物
v.等于;抵得上
归纳拓展 | ①be equal to+n.∕doing sth.等于;与……相等;有……的能力;胜任 ②A equals B in...A在……方面比得上B或与B相匹敌 |
完成句子
①Bill is equal to(胜任) (the task of) running the office.
②After all,not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts,feelings,and most importantly,equal rights to survive(同等生存的权利).(2019江苏,完形填空)
3.escape v.& n.逃脱;逃生
归纳拓展 | ①escape from 从……逃脱,逃避 ②escape doing 避免做…… ③a narrow escape 九死一生 ④sth. escape(s) sb.某物被某人遗忘;未被注意 |
完成句子
①A lunchtime escape (午餐间隙)allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.(2019全国Ⅱ,阅读理解C)
②他险些溺死。
He narrowly escaped being drowned.
翻译句子
③我记不起他的名字了。
His name escapes me.
4.reward n.报酬,报答,奖赏;酬金
v.酬劳,酬谢,报答,奖赏
归纳拓展 | ①in reward (for...)作为(对……的)报答,作为(对……的)奖赏 ②give∕offer a reward to sb. for sth.因某事给某人报酬(或赏金) ③reward sb.with sth. for (doing) sth.为(做)某事而用某物奖赏某人 |
完成句子
①If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome,you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward(值得言语赞扬).(2019年6月浙江,概要写作)
②我想做点什么报答她的好意。
I’d like to do something in reward for her kindness.
③作者的母亲拿书来奖赏他。
The author’s mother rewarded him with books.
词语辨析:
单词 | 名词 | 动词 |
reward | 报酬、奖金或一些非金钱的报酬 | 指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的报酬或奖赏reward sb.for (doing) sth.因(做)某事而报答∕奖励某人 |
award | 奖品,奖金,与prize相似 | 授予,颁发award sb. sth.=award sth. to sb. |
用reward,award的适当形式填空
He was awarded Golden Lion,which rewarded him for his achievement in films.
他被授予金狮奖,以此奖励他在电影方面的成就。
1.out of work 失业(=out of a job)
归纳拓展 | ①out of control 失控 ②out of repair 失修 ③out of order 有毛病,出故障 ④out of date 过时 ⑤out of danger 脱险 ⑥out of place不适当 ⑦out of breath喘不上气 |
用out的词组填空
①他必须正视失业这一现实。
He must face the reality of being out of work.
②街角的电话又坏了。
The phone at the street corner is out of order again.
2.in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中(表状态)
归纳拓展 | ①ask∕look for trouble找麻烦;自讨苦吃 ②take trouble to do sth.费力∕不辞辛苦地做某事(可根据语境在trouble前加上a lot of∕a little∕great等) ③get into∕out of trouble陷入∕摆脱困境(表动作) |
“be in+名词”结构
be in anger生气
be in surprise惊讶
be in a hurry匆匆忙忙地
完成句子
①Getting a little closer,I realized one kayak(皮划艇) was in trouble(陷入困境).(2018全国Ⅱ,完形填空)
②如果你这样摆弄危险的化学品,你简直是在自讨苦吃。
If you play with dangerous chemicals like that you’re just asking for trouble.
③他们费了很大的劲才说服父亲和他们住在一起。
They took great trouble to persuade their father to live with them.
④妈妈的心不在焉不仅让我们陷入困境,而且还给了我们许多有趣的时刻。
Mom’s being absent-minded not only got us into much trouble,but also gave us many funny moments.(2017年11月浙江,读后续写)
3.lose heart丧失信心
归纳拓展 | ①lose one’s heart to sb.爱上某人 ②heart and soul全心全意 ③from the bottom of sb.’s heart从某人的心底 ④lose face 丢脸,失面子 ⑤put one’s heart into一心扑在……上 |
用heart的相关短语完成句子
①当Sally发现她的新学生中有很多问题时,她没有失去信心。
When Sally found there were so many problems among her new students,she didn’t lose heart.
②我从心底里感谢她。
I thanked her from the bottom of my heart.
③事实上,世上无难事,只怕有心人。
As a matter of fact,nothing is too difficult if you put your heart into it.
短语“lose heart”中heart前不许有任何修饰、限定成分,heart也不用复数形式。
4.come to∕into power当权;上台
归纳拓展 | ①be in power 当权;执政 ②in one’s power 在某人能力以内;为某人能力所及 ③out of∕beyond one’s power 超出某人的能力 |
用power的相关短语填空
①新总统上个月开始执政。
The new president came into power last month.
②我恐怕无力帮助你。
I’m afraid it’s not in my power to help you.
③这台电脑给你5%的折扣,这真的超出了我的权限。
It is really beyond my power to give you a 5% discount for this computer.
1....only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
……只有到这个时候,我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
归纳拓展 | only+状语+部分倒装 |
完成句子
①只有在一年的友好讨论之后,Garza女士才最终同意。
Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms.Garza finally say yes.
②Only on special occasions(场合) would they take it out (他们会把它拿出来)and let us hold it in our hands,” Adeline says.(2019年6月浙江,阅读理解A)
only修饰名词或代词位于句首作主语时,句子不用倒装。如:Only a doctor can do it.只有医生才能这样做。
2.I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.
我第一次向一个(参观)小组谈论(罗本岛监狱的情况)时,心里觉得很不好受。
句中的名词短语the first time引导时间状语从句,意为“第一次……时”。
归纳拓展
| (1)可引导时间状语从句的名词短语还有: ①=as soon as 一……就…… ② (2)副词用作引导时间状语从句的连词有instantly,immediately,directly等,都相当于as soon as。 |
完成句子
①他第一次上这位年轻老师的课时就感兴趣。
He became interested in the young teacher’s lesson the first time he attended his class.
② 他一回到家就把欠我们的钱还上了。
He paid back the money he owed us immediately he returned home.
③每次我在公园里看到这位老人时,他都在专注地读报。
Each time I see the old man in the park,he is absorbed in reading papers.
for the first time只用作句子的状语,不具有连词功能,不可用来引导状语从句。
3.The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress ...
过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利,阻挡了我们的进步……
主语是时间或地点名词,谓语是see,find等动词,表示经历或目睹了某事。
完成句子
The last few years have seen (过去几年已经见证……)environmental disasters on a grand scale,and experts are predicting far worse to come.
