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    2021版英语全能大一轮复习人教版讲义:语法精讲强化系列十特殊句式

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    2021版英语全能大一轮复习人教版讲义:语法精讲强化系列十特殊句式

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    温馨提示:    此套题为Word版,请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴,调节合适的观看比例,答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。语法精讲强化系列十、特殊句式考纲解读在特殊句式中倒装句是高考的热点, 强调句是高考的难点。同时, 祈使句与陈述句的区别、省略与替代的合理运用也是高考考查的重点项目。近三年的高考题更加注重考查知识之间的交叉现象, 如在考查强调句的同时考查定语从句, 把省略、强调句与时间状语从句、地点状语从句等的考查融合在一起, 考查考生综合把握语言知识的能力。考题链接用适当的词填空1. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Only at dinnertime are (be) we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report. 2. It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do that benefits our work most. 解题思路1. 牢记各种特殊句式的特点, 根据语境正确判断。例如倒装句, 要牢记倒装的标志词, 判断句子是否倒装。高考对倒装句的考查主要有以下几个方面: (1)表示否定意义的词, not,  seldom,  hardly,  rarely,  never,  nor,  neither等置于句首时句子用部分倒装语序; (2)only修饰状语并且位于句首时句子要用部分倒装语序; (3)so修饰形容词或副词置于句首时句子用部分倒装语序; (4)表示方位等的副词置于句首时句子用完全倒装语序; (5)省略if的虚拟条件句的倒装形式。2. 还要注意特殊句式与其他句型的区分。例如强调句型“It is/was + 被强调部分+that/who+其他成分用来强调主语、宾语和状语等成分。注意强调句型和it指代时间、距离、自然现象、具体事物或人物等时所构成的各种句型的区别。判断是否是强调句型, 可采用还原法”, 即把it is/wasthat/who去掉, 如果还原为一般句式后, 句子成分完整, 则是强调句, 否则不是。考点清单  考生需要关注的重要特殊句式有:  倒装句、强调句、省略句、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句等。()倒装句1. 全部倒装(把全部谓语提到主语之前)倒装条件 倒装方法 here,  there,  out,  in,  up,  down,  away等副词开头,  谓语动词多为be,  come,  go,  主语是名词 副词+谓语+主语 then,  now,  thus,  such开头,  谓语动词多为come,  follow,  begin,  end,  be,  主语是名词 副词+谓语+主语表地点的介词短语位于句首,  且谓语动词为不及物动词,  主语是名词 介词短语+谓语+主语 表语置于句首,  为了保持句子平衡,  为表示强调,  或利于上下文衔接 *Out rushed a cat from under the table. *Such was Albert Einstein,  a simple but great scientist.  2. 部分倒装(助动词/系动词be/情态动词提到主语前)倒装条件 倒装方法 only修饰副词、介词短语或从句位于句首作状语 助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语+谓语其他部分 含有否定意义的副词或介词短语(not,  never,  seldom,  little,  hardly,  by no means,  not until,  on no condition,  in no case,  under no circumstances)位于句首时 否定副词或介词短语+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语+谓语其他部分续表倒装条件 倒装方法 hardly. . . when,  nosooner. . . than,  not only. . . but(also)等连接两个分句时,  如果hardly,  no sooner,  not only位于句首,  前一个分句用部分倒装,  后一个分句不变 Hardly/No sooner/Not only+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语+谓语其他部分+when/than/but (also)+分句 so(such). . . that中的so(such)位于句首时 So+adj. /adv. +系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语其他部分+that从句 so/neither/nor置于句首,  意为也不”, 表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时 so/neither/nor+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语 as引导让步状语从句时,  意为尽管”,  把句中状语、表语或动词提前;  若表语是单数可数名词,  其前不用冠词 if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有助动词had,  wereshould等时,  如将if省略,  则要将had,  wereshould等移到主语之前 Had/Were/Should+主语+谓语其他部分+主句 *Only in this way can you solve this problem. *Never before have I seen such a moving film. *Not only was he forced to stay home,  but (also) he had to do his homework. 【点津】(1)there,  here,  now,  then,  up,  down,  in,  away,  off,  out等副词置于句首,  但主语为人称代词时,  不用倒装。(2)only修饰主语置于句首时,  不用倒装。(3)若两个主语一致时,  则表示同意以上观点,  不能倒装,  此时so表示的确如此”,  即用so+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词。(4)当前面两件或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时,  通常用“so it is with. . . ”“it is the same with. . . ”(5)Neither. . . nor. . . “……既不……,  ……也不……”,  连接两个并列分句时,  这两个并列分句都用倒装结构。(6)though引导让步状语从句时,  可以倒装也可以不倒装。although引导让步状语从句时不能倒装。()强调句1. 强调句(1)It is/was. . . that/who可以对除谓语以外的成分进行强调。当强调部分为,  可用thatwho,  其他情况下用that*It was Belorussian writer Svetlana Alexievich who won the 2015 Nobel Prize for Literature. (2)在强调句中,  当强调主语时,  其后的谓语动词应和主语在人称和数上保持一致。*It is White and Betty who often do good deeds for the old lady. (3)如果原句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时,  强调句结构须用:  It is. . . that/who. . . ;  如果原句的谓语动词是过去时态,  则强调句结构须用It was. . . that/who. . . (4)“not. . . until. . . ”句型的强调结构为“It is/was not until. . . that. . . ”*It was not until 11 o’clock last night that he went to bed. (5)强调句型的一般疑问句形式:  Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分? *Was it in 1939 that World War Ⅱ broke out?  (6)强调句的特殊疑问句句型为:  疑问词+is/was+it +that/who. . . ?  *Where was it that you met Jack yesterday?  2.  谓语动词的强调(1)do/does/did+动词原形。*Do come here this evening. (2)“never+助动词do”也常用来表示强调,  一般意为从来没有,  绝不【点津】强调句型与3大从句的辨析类 型 区 别 与主语从句的区别 强调句型去掉It is/wasthat之后,  句子结构仍然完整,  而主语从句却不能①It is there that accidents often happen. (强调句)②It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (主语从句) 续表类 型 区 别 与定语从句的区别 强调句中that没有意义,  且不作任何成分,  而定语从句中that为关系代词,  在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语①It is novels that Miss William enjoys reading. (强调句)②It is a question that needs careful consideration. (定语从句) 与时间状语从句的区别 强调句型去掉It is/wasthat,  结构完整,  It is. . . when. . . ,  it指代时间①It was at six o’clock that I got up today. (强调句)②It was six o’clock when I got up today. (状语从句) ()省略句的5种类型1. 宾语从句 引导宾语从句的从属连词that可省略。但及物动词后跟两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时,  只有第一个连词that可省略。*He told me (that) she was a beautiful girl and that she was clever. ②I’m afraid,  I think,  I believe,  I hope,  I guess等作答语,  后面sonot分别等于肯定和否定,  宾语从句可省略。*—Do you think it will rain?  —I hope not (that it will not rain). 2. 定语从句在限制性定语从句中,  关系代词that,  which,  whom充当宾语,  而且前面无介词时可省略。*He lost the watch (that/which) he bought yesterday. ②the way后的定语从句常省略关系词thatin which,  the time后的定语从句常省略关系词thatwhen*I don’t like the way (that/in which) he speaks to others. 3. 状语从句 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it,  且从句谓语中有be动词时,  可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。*When (it is) faced with so many options,  the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair. 4. 虚拟语气 在虚拟条件句中,  如含有had,  were,  should,  if可省略,  句子要用倒装。*Were I (=If I were) twenty now,  I would join the army. 5. 动词不定式 不定式符号to的省略:  a. 感官动词或使役动词(feel,  see,  hear,  notice,  let,  make,  have)后接不定式作宾语补足语时省略to*I heard someone sing in the next room. b. do nothing but,  can’t help but,  why not,  would rather. . . than. . . ;  prefer to do. . . rather than. . . 等句型中省略to*He did nothing but wait all the time. 不定式省略:  a. 使用不定式符号to来代替整个不定式,  常在be afraid,  expect,  forget,  hope,  intend,  like,  love,  mean,  prefer,  refuse,  seem,  try,  want,  wish等后面。*I asked him to see the film,  but he didn’t want to. b. 在某些形容词glad,  happy,  pleased,  delighted等后面使用不定式符号to来代替整个不定式。*—Will you join in the game?  —I’d be glad to. c. 如果不定式中含有be,  have,  have been,  通常保留be,  havehave been*—Are you a sailor?  —No,  but I used to be.  ()祈使句1. 否定式:  在动词前面加don’t2. 强调式:  肯定句在其前加do,  否定句在其前加never3. 带有主语的祈使句: 为了加强语气或特别指明向谁提出命令或要求、吩咐几个人分头做几件事时须加主语“you”,  有时还可同时加称呼语。()反意疑问句1. 陈述部分含有must:  (1)must必须讲时,  其反意疑问词用needn’t;  当含有mustn’t(不允许、禁止),  其反意疑问词用must/may(2)must表示推测时,  其反意疑问词同去掉must还原之后的句子所使用的反意疑问词一致。2. 陈述部分含有used to:  其反意疑问词用usedn’tdidn’t3. 陈述部分含有ought to:  其反意疑问词用oughtn’tshouldn’t4. 陈述部分含有否定词或半否定词:  反意疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。5. 陈述部分含有由表示否定意义的前缀构成的词:  其反意疑问部分的动词一般用否定形式。6. 当陈述部分带有宾语从句时: 反意疑问部分的主语与助动词常和主句保持一致,  但如果主句的谓语动词是think,  believe,  suppose,  guess,  expect,  imagine,  且主语为第一人称时, 反意疑问部分的主语和助动词与宾语从句保持一致。()感叹句1. How +形容词/副词+主语+谓语!  2. How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!  3. How+主语+谓语!  4. What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!  5. What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!  6. What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语!  7. What+名词+主语+谓语!  单句语法填空(2019•浙江6月高考) What’s more,  it was your constant encouragement ______inspired me to be confident.  解题关键: 根据语境可知, 此处为强调句, 应用that构成“It is/was. . . that. . . ”结构。答案判定: that1. (2019·天津6月高考)The professor warned the students that on no account should they use mobile phones in his class.  教授警告学生在他的课上决不能使用手机。2. (2019·天津3月高考) It is biological age that determines our health and ultimately our lifespan.  是生物年龄决定了我们的健康, 最终决定了我们的寿命。3. (2019·浙江6月高考)Only on special occasions would they take it out and let us hold it in our hands.  只有在特殊情况下他们才会把它拿出来让我们把它放在我们的手中。4. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ) You must keep these points in mind while (you are) setting your goals.  在设定目标时, 你必须牢记这些要点。基础题组Ⅰ. 单句语法填空1. There is no doubt that human activity,  which does great harm to the environment,  is the main cause. 2. Get(get)to the top of the tower building,  and you can see the whole city. 3. In that way, World Read Aloud Day does(do)help make a difference. 4. Only then did(do) we realize there was an earthquake. I was too frightened to move. 5. Now, just in front of the house stands(stand)a tall tree with a history of 100 years. Ⅱ.  单句改错1. When taken exams,  we sometimes cheat in order to get good results to make our parents and teachers pleased.               (taken改为taking)2. As is known to us all,  some students have breakfast regularly while others don’t.  There is several reasons.               (第二个is改为are)3. It is working in teams instead of on my own which has freed me from trouble and made my work more efficient.               (which改为that)4. Once upon a time,  it was a boy whose parents named him Odd.  (it改为there)5. My dear friends,  don’t afraid of problems, but take advantage of them to be the best of ourselves.               (don’t后加be)语篇题组 短文改错My friend Li Ming used to being upset about some small things and couldn’t keep calmly.  His classmates were tired of him and ignored him.  Teachers were concerned about him and often talked about him face to face.  Therefore, all the efforts were in vain. One day at dusk, he suffers from a stomachache.  The teachers and students sent him to hospital without delay and took well care of him.  After he recovered, he was gratitude to the teachers and his classmates.  From then on, he no longer disturbs with his classmates and often joins them in settling some problems.  He is getting along well with his classmates and becomes caring student. As far as I’m concerned, it’s the love and care from the teachers and his classmates who has changed him entirely. 答案: 1. 【解析】第一句being改为be。考查固定搭配。used to后应接动词原形。故将being改为be2. 【解析】第一句calmly改为calm。考查形容词。keep作系动词时, 后接形容词, 意为保持……。故将calmly改为calm3. 【解析】第三句about改为to/with。考查固定搭配。句意为: 老师们很担心他, 并且经常面对面地和他谈话。talk about意为谈论……”; talk to/with意为……谈话。根据句意可知, 此处指面对面跟他谈话。故将about改为to或者with4. 【解析】第四句Therefore改为However。考查副词。根据语境可知, 上下文为转折关系, 故将Therefore改为However5. 【解析】第五句suffers改为suffered。考查动词的时态。根据下文中的时态提示词sent可知, 此处应用过去式。故将suffers改为suffered6. 【解析】第六句well改为good。考查形容词。在take good care of结构中, care是名词, 应用形容词修饰。故将well改为good7. 【解析】第七句gratitude改为grateful。考查形容词。be grateful to sb. 意为对某人表示感谢”, 其中grateful是形容词; gratitude是名词, 不可直接用于be动词之后。故将gratitude改为grateful8. 【解析】第八句删除with。考查动词。disturb是及物动词, 其后直接接宾语。故删除介词with9. 【解析】第九句becomes后加a。考查冠词。become后接单数可数名词时要加冠词。故在becomes后加a10. 【解析】第十句who改为that。考查强调句型。本句被强调的是the love and care, 强调句式中要用that。故将who改为that语法填空  阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。A poor farmer had a friend who was famous 1. __________the wonder apples he grew.  One day,  his friend gave the farmer a young apple tree and told him to take it home and plant it.  The farmer was 2. __________(please)with the gift,  but when he got home he did not know where 3.  __________(plant)it.  He was afraid that if he planted the tree near the road,  strangers would steal the fruit.  If he planted the tree in his field,  his 4. __________(neighbor)would come at night and steal some of the apples.  5. __________(final) he planted the tree in his wood,  6. __________ no one could see it. Because there was no sunlight or good soil,  the tree soon died.  Later the friend asked the farmer why he had planted the tree in such a poor place.  “What’s the 7. _______(differ)? ”the farmer said 8. ________(anger). “If I had planted the tree near the road,  strangers would have stolen the fruit.  If I had planted the tree in my field,  my neighbors would have come at night and stolen some of the apples. ” “Yes, ” said the friend,  “but at least someone could have enjoyed the fruit.  Now you not only 9. __________(rob)everyone of the fruit,  but also you have destroyed 10. __________good apple tree! ” 【文章大意】本文通过苹果树的故事告诉我们在人生中要学会与人分享。只有与人分享, 我们才能得到真正的幸福和快乐。1. 【解析】for。考查介词。此处运用了be famous for 这个短语, 表示这个朋友因为种了神奇的苹果树而远近闻名。故填for2. 【解析】pleased。考查形容词。be pleased with. . . 是固定搭配, ……感到满意。故填pleased3. 【解析】to plant。考查非谓语。know 后面跟动词不定式, 此处考查了疑问句+不定式结构。故填to plant4. 【解析】neighbours。考查名词。根据后面的“my neighbors would have come at night and stolen some of the apples. ”可知此处指他的邻居们。用可数名词的复数形式。故填neighbours5. 【解析】Finally。考查副词, 修饰整个句子应当用副词。6. 【解析】where。考查连词。本句运用了定语从句, 先行词是his wood, 引导词在从句中作地点状语, 表示在他的林子里。故填where7. 【解析】difference。考查名词。句意: 那有什么不一样? 在定冠词the后面跟名词。故填difference8. 【解析】angrily。考查副词。副词修饰谓语动词said。句意: 农夫生气地说……。故填angrily9. 【解析】have robbed。考查时态。But also 并列句中用了现在完成时, 所以此句中也用现在完成时。故填have robbed10. 【解析】the。考查冠词。此处是特指朋友给这位农民的苹果树。故填the  关闭Word文档返回原板块 

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