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2021版浙江高考英语（人教版）一轮复习基础考点聚焦选修6学案3Unit3 Ahealthylife(1)
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一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．alcohol n． 酒；酒精
2．alcoholic adj. 酒精的
3．immune adj. 有免疫力的
4．spill vi. __溢出；洒落
vt. 使溢出；使洒落
5．pregnant adj. 怀孕的
6．abnormal adj. 畸形的；异常的
7．obesity n. (过度)肥胖；肥胖症
8．comprehension n. 理解(力)
9．fitness n. 健康
10．robbery n. 抢劫；盗窃
11．pill n. 药丸；药片
12．needle n. 针；(注射器的)针头
13．prejudice n. 偏见；成见
14．awkward adj. 局促不安的；笨拙的
15．adolescent n. 青少年
adj. 青春期的
16．adolescence n. 青春期
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．abuse n. & vt. 滥用；虐待
2．ban vt. 禁止；取缔
n. 禁令；谴责
3．due adj. 欠款的；预定的；到期的
4．tough adj. 困难的；强硬的
5．quit vt. 停止(做某事)；离开
6．cigarette n. 香烟；纸烟
7．accustom vt. 使习惯于
8．accustomed adj. 惯常的；习惯了的
9．unfit adj. 不健康的；不合适的；
不合格的
10．lung n. 肺
11．packet n. 小包；小盒
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．automatic adj.无意识的；自动的→automatically adv.无意识地；自动地
2．mental adj.精神的；智力的→mentally adv.精神上；智力上→physical adj.(反义词)身体的；肉体的
3．breath n．呼吸→__breathe v．呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的；屏息的
4．strength n．力气，力量；强项→strengthen vt.加强；巩固；使坚强 vi.变强
5．disappoint vt.使失望；使扫兴→disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．失望；沮丧
6．relax v．使放松→relaxed adj.轻松的→relaxing adj.使人放松的→relaxation n．放松；松弛
7．weak adj.虚弱的→weaken vi.动摇；减弱 vt.(使)变弱→weakness n．弱点
8．legal adj.合法的→illegal adj.不合法的；违法的
9．judge n．裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决→judgement n．看法；判决；判断
10．embarrass v．使尴尬；使局促不安；使困窘→embarrassed adj.尴尬的；陷入困境的→embarrassment n．窘迫；难堪
11．addict vt.使上瘾 n．有瘾的人→addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的→addiction n．沉溺；嗜好→addictive adj.使人上瘾的
12．effect n．结果；效力；影响→effective adj.有效的；有影响的→affect vt.影响
13．stress n．压力；重音 vt.加压力于；使紧张→stressful adj.产生压力的；紧张的→stressed adj.焦虑不安的
14．shame n．羞耻；羞愧→shameful adj.可耻的；不道德的→shameless adj.无耻的；厚颜的→ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的
15．chemist n．药剂师；化学家→chemical adj.化学的 n．化学制品→chemistry n．化学
1.人生历程
①baby 婴儿
②kid/child 小孩
③junior 年少者；地位较低者；小学生
④youth/teenager/adolescent
青少年
⑤adult 成人
⑥a middle－aged person 中年人
⑦senior citizen/the elderly/the aged
老年人
2.性格多变，让人难以捉摸
①bad－tempered 脾气暴躁的；易怒的
②sweet－tempered 性情温和的
③kind－hearted 好心的
④open－minded 虚心的
⑤easy－going 随和的
⑥outgoing 外向的
⑦strong－willed 意志坚强的
⑧narrow－minded 心胸狭窄的
3.否定前缀un－高频形容词一览
①unfit 不健康的；不合适的；不合格的
②unfair 不公平的
③unusual 不寻常的
④unfriendly 不友好的
⑤unfortunate 不幸的
⑥uncomfortable 不舒服的
⑦unimportant 不重要的
⑧uncertain 不确定的
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．due__to 由于……
2．(be)__addicted__to 对……有瘾
3．(be)__accustomed__to 习惯于……
4．decide__on 对……作出决定
5．feel__like__(doing) 想要(做)……
6．in__spite__of 不顾；不管
7．take__risks__(a__risk) 冒险
8．get__into 陷入；染上(坏习惯)
9．at__risk 处境危险；遭受危险
10．throw__away 扔掉
1.“因为；由于……”荟萃
①due to 由于；因为
②because of 由于；因为
③owing to 由于；因为
④thanks to 多亏；由于
⑤on account of 由于
⑥as a result of 由于……的原因
2.get into相关短语面面观
①get into debt 负债累累
②get into trouble 陷入困境
③get into shape 使健康状况良好；健美
④get into a panic 陷入恐慌
⑤get into a habit 养成习惯
⑥get into drugs 染上毒品
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：as引导非限制性定语从句
As__you__know,__if you do the same thing over and over again, you begin to do it automatically.
正如你知道的，如果你反反复复地做同一件事，你就会自动地做它。
句型2：It is/was time to do sth.该到做某事的时候了
When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit, I knew it__was__time__to__quit__smoking．
当我因为身体不健康而被学校足球队除名时，我意识到是时候戒烟了。
句型3：“do/does/did＋动词原形”构成强调句；“as＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数可数名词＋as...”结构
I do__hope so because I want you to live as__long__and__healthy__a__life__as I have.
我的确希望如此，因为我想让你和我一样活得健康长寿。
句型4：It is...that...强调句型
It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that__a__person__begins__to__look__sick. 只有当这种病毒发展成艾滋病时，人才会显出病态。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax(放松) and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I have grown not only physically, but also mentally(精神上) in the past few years.
3．As far as I’m concerned, it is not wise to quit(放弃) your job and stay at home to be a housewife.
4．The paper is due(到期的) next month，and I am working seven days a week, often long into the night.
5．It has been proved by facts that watching violence on TV has a bad effect(影响) on the development of children.
6．The man had so little education that he was unfit(fit) for this job.
7．(2019·江苏卷)Large human brains consume more food, and weaken(weak) muscles.
8．You should be ashamed(羞耻的) of yourself for telling such lies.
Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior. 青少年时期
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ阅读C)There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. 局促不安的
3．(2017·浙江卷6月阅读C)Other European countries laid down a similar requirement for immigrants, and some terms are even tougher. 困难的
4．(2017·天津卷完形)Of course, I also took some practical steps to lose weight. I consulted with a physician(内科医生), I hired a fitness coach, and I began to eat small and healthy meals. 健康
Ⅲ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．After a stressful week of work, all the employees were extremely stressed and tired.They complained that few could work efficiently under stress．(stress)
2．The addictive cigarette can addict people, so once you are addicted to smoking cigarettes, it’s extremely difficult to fight your addiction．(addict)
3．If we strengthen our physical exercise，we will get stronger and are full of strength all day long.(strong)
4．To my parents’ disappointment，my disappointing maths grade greatly disappointed my parents, and their disappointed look urged me to study harder then.(disappoint)
5．After hearing some relaxing music，she felt quite relaxed,__and there was a relaxed expression on her face.(relax)
6．As we all know, everyone has both strengths and weaknesses.Therefore, we shouldn’t look down upon whoever looks weak. (weak)
Ⅳ.选词成篇
be aware of; feel ashamed of; take risks; get into; due to; be accustomed to; be addicted to
As we all know, any person who 1.gets__into the bad habit of smoking will 2.be__addicted__to nicotine. They believe that they are enjoying life instead of 3.taking__risks. In my opinion, the reason why the smokers don’t quit smoking is that they just want to relieve their heavy stress. For most smokers, they 4.are__aware__of the harmful effect of smoking, and they are trying to make some change.
Sometimes, the smokers also 5.feel__ashamed__of their bad behavior. Although they desire to live as healthy a life as the non－smokers, they may not have courage to give up smoking. Maybe it’s all 6.due__to the fact that they 7.are__accustomed__to their life for a long time. I’d appreciate it if you could give me some advice on how to break away from the bad habit of smoking.
Ⅴ.完成句子
1．(2017·北京卷书面表达)正如我们所知道的，长江是亚洲最长的河流，拥有许多旅游景点。
As__we__know,__the Yangtze River is the longest river in Asia and has many tourist attractions.
2．事实上，戒掉一个坏习惯付出的努力与养成一个好习惯付出的努力是一样的。
As a matter of fact, getting rid of a bad habit is as__much__an__effort__as forming a good one.
3．正是我的信心和决心使我取得了成功。
It__was__my__confidence__and__determination__that led to my success.
4．关上电脑。 是我们该上床睡觉的时候了。
Switch off the computer.It__is__time__for__us__to__go__to__bed．
5．我的确希望您能考虑我的申请。
I do__hope you can take my application into consideration.
stress n．压力；重音；重点 vt.使紧张；重读；强调；加压力于
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Things can easily go wrong when people are under stress.
②Nowadays more and more middle school students are getting stressed(stress) in their studies.
③Most doctors and nurses live under stressful(stress) conditions.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④正如多次强调的那样，学好英语对你们今后的职业发展非常重要。
As__has__been__stressed__many__times,__learning English well is of great importance to your career development in the future.
(1)under stress 在压力之下
lay/put stress on sth. 强调某事物
(2)stressful adj. 有压力的(指物)
stressed adj. 有压力的(指人)
[佳句背诵] Last weekend, we started a campaign with the theme “Working is most beautiful” and stressed the importance of working with our own hands. 上周末，我们以“劳动最光荣”为主题发起了一项活动，并强调了亲手劳动的重要性。(2019·北京卷书面表达)
due adj.欠款的；预定；预计；到期的；应付的
[一词多义]——写出下列句中due to 或due的含义
①(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time. 因为
②She is due to make a speech on the economy next week.预计
③The books must be returned before the due date or the kid cannot borrow other books.到期的
④The old man said the accident was due to careless driving, so a lot of money was due to be paid by the driver. 由于__应支付
(1)be due to do sth. 预定做某事
(2)(be) due to sb. 应支付/给予/归于某人
(be) due to sth. 由于/因为某事
[佳句背诵] I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live. 我想我之所以长寿而且精力充沛，一定要归功于我的健康生活。
[名师点津] 表示“由于；因为”的其他短语：on account of, because of, as a result of等。
addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Now I work in a centre for drug addicts(addict), helping others to stop taking drugs.
②She kicked her three－pack－a－day cigarette habit, and overcame her addiction(addict) to alcohol.
[能力提升]——一句多译
很多孩子沉迷于上网，以致他们对学习失去了兴趣。
③Many kids become/are/get__addicted__to surfing the Internet, so they have lost interest in study. (addicted)
④Many kids addict__themselves__to surfing the Internet, so they have lost interest in study. (addict)
⑤Addicted__to surfing the Internet, many kids have lost interest in study. (分词作状语)
(1)be/become/get addicted to
沉溺于……；对……上瘾
(2)addict vt. 使沉溺；使上瘾
n． 有瘾的人
addict oneself to sth. 某人沉溺于某事
(3)addiction n． 瘾；入迷；嗜好
[佳句背诵] Learning that you are addicted to table tennis, I am writing to sincerely invite you to join the table tennis team in our school.
得知你沉醉于乒乓球，我写信真诚地邀请你加入我们学校的乒乓球队。(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)
accustomed adj.惯常的；习惯了的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Knowing that you are not accustomed to the life here and are considering returning to America, I feel very upset.
②For those accustomed(accustom) to a comfortable life, the change to remote areas must have been very hard indeed.
[能力提升]——一句多译
这位老人习惯于住在农村，他发现很难适应城市的生活。
③The old man is__accustomed__to__living__in__the__countryside,__and he finds it hard to adapt to the life in the city.
④Accustomed__to__living__in__the__countryside,__the old man finds it hard to adapt to the life in the city. (分词作状语)
⑤Having__accustomed__himself__to__living__in__the__countryside,__the old man finds it hard to adapt to the life in the city.(分词作状语)
(1)be accustomed to (doing) sth.
习惯于(做)某事(表示状态)
get/become accustomed to (doing) sth.
习惯于(做)某事(表示动作)
(2)accustom vt. 使习惯于
accustom sb./oneself to (doing) sth.
使某人/自己习惯于(做)某事
[佳句背诵] He quickly accustomed himself to the strong academic atmosphere and colorful activities in the college. 他很快适应了大学里的浓厚的学术氛围和丰富多彩的活动。
effect n．结果；效力；影响
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/对比填空
①It won’t be easy to put the changes into effect, so we must spare no effort to do it.
②The effective way to kill the pest has a disastrous effect on the environment, affecting the balance of nature. (effect；affect；effective)
[能力提升]——微写作
③(2018·北京卷书面表达)我介绍了制茶的历史，这对他们更好地理解我们的饮茶文化有很大的影响。
I introduced the history of tea－making，which__has__a__great__effect__on__them__to better understand our tea－drinking culture.
(1)take effect 生效；见效
have an effect/influence on/upon...
对……产生影响
put...into effect 实施；使……生效/起作用
side effect 副作用
(2)effective adj. 有效的；有影响的
(3)affect vt. 影响
[佳句背诵] There is no denying that reading books of traditional culture can have a good effect on the children. 不可否认，阅读传统文化的书籍会对儿童有良好的影响。
ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①He felt ashamed of cheating in the exam, determined never to do such things again.
②It is a shame that a good student should do something like that.
③It is shameful(shame) to break school rules, to be selfish or to make little effort to achieve progress.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④读了上面如此多的妈妈们的共同的抱怨，我感到羞愧和内疚。
Having read about the above common complaint from so many mothers, I__feel__ashamed__and__guilty．
(1)be ashamed to do... 耻于做……；因难为情而不愿做……
feel/be ashamed of (doing) sth.
为(做)某事感到羞愧
(2)It’s a shame that.../What a shame that...
……真让人遗憾。
(3)shameful adj. 可耻的；不道德的
[佳句背诵] In my opinion，you should be ashamed of your foolish behaviour.
依我看来，你应该对自己愚蠢的行为感到羞耻。
take risks(a risk) 冒险
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)They were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined.
②He got well－prepared for the job interview，for he couldn’t risk losing(lose) the good opportunity.
[能力提升]——微写作
③(江苏卷书面表达)交通问题不仅影响我们的日常生活，而且还使人们的生命处于危险之中。
Not only does the traffic issue affect our daily life, but it also__puts__people’s__lives__at__risk．
(1)at risk 有风险；处境危险
at the risk of... 冒着……的危险
run the risk (of doing sth.)
冒险(做某事)
put...at risk 让……处于危险之中
(2)risk doing sth. 冒险做某事
[佳句背诵] He felt he had to make up his mind on every step instead of taking risks.
他觉得他应该做好每一步的决定，而不是冒险。
get into 陷入；染上(坏习惯)
[基础练习]——用get的相关短语填空
①If you get__into trouble, we are willing to help you out.
②A smile can help us get__through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers.
③After Christmas I’m going to get__down__to some serious job－hunting.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④回顾过去的几年，朋友给了我那么多的帮助，我才能克服我不得不面对的困难。
Looking back on my past few years，friends gave me so much help that I could get__over__difficulties which I had to face with.
(1)get into debt 负债累累
get into trouble 陷入困境；惹上麻烦
get into the habit of 养成……的习惯
(2)get across 使被理解
get along with 与……相处
get over 克服；恢复
get down to 开始做……
[佳句背诵] I have got into the habit of playing basketball since it has been giving me strength to face the challenges in my life.
我已经养成了打篮球的习惯，因为它给了我力量去面对生活中的挑战。(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)
“do/does/did＋动词原形”构成强调句；“as＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数可数名词＋as...”结构
(教材P18)I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.
我的确希望如此，因为我想让你和我一样活得健康长寿。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I do sincerely hope that you can take my application into account at your earliest convenience.
②To our joy, he did manage to finish the task ahead of schedule.
③We wanted him to have __as full a life as possible, not different from what we want for our other two sons.
④As a matter of fact, I can’t afford as expensive a car as his.
[能力提升]——微写作
⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)在我们校园里，打乒乓球和踢足球一样受欢迎。
Playing ping－pong is as__popular__an__activity__as playing football in our campus.
(1)“do/does/did＋动词原形”构成强调句，意为“确实；的确”，用来加强谓语动词的语气，但须符合以下条件：
①句子是肯定句；
②句子的时态为一般现在时或一般过去时。
(2)as＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数可数名词＋as...像……一样……
[佳句背诵] ①I do cherish the educational opportunity and I always adopt the proverb to serve as a reminder. 我很珍惜这个受教育的机会，我总是用这句谚语来提醒自己。
②The young man hopes to live as simple a life as his grandpa.
这个年轻人希望过和他爷爷一样简朴的生活。
Ⅰ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)
1．(2019·北京卷)They are extremely important in the safe and effective(effect) running of our programmes.
2．(2018·浙江卷6月)He said that if he quit(quit) the job, he would lose his drive to work and succeed.
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The city was crowded with disappointed(disappoint) people with no interest in settling down.
4．In the questionnaire, the subjects are questioned whether they advocate banning(ban) cars in the city center.
5．A regular and busy life is wonderful, although it’s hard and stressful(stress)．
6．He only gave an embarrassed(embarrass) smile when I spilled the water onto him.
7．I was once ashamed to__admit(admit) my weakness, but now I have no such feeling.
8．They hurried to catch the train due to__leave(leave) at 4：15 in the afternoon.
Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
1．We made a great deal of money, so we decided that it was time to__set(set) sail for home.
2．He doesn’t want to take a risk of losing his job, especially since he became the main source of family’s income.
3．Generally speaking, boys are addicted to__playing(play) computer games while girls prefer chatting online.
4．Due to the fast rhythm of modern life, more and more people are living under great stress.
5．(2019·北京卷书面表达)We do hope there will be more meaningful activities in the coming future.
Ⅲ.熟词生义(根据具体语境写出加黑词的词性及含义)
1．The manager is desperate for a relaxing holiday after a year’s work. adj.渴望的
2．His parents’ disapproval didn’t weaken his determination to go abroad. vt.动摇
3．(2017·北京卷阅读B)TOKNOW Magazine is a big hit in the world of children’s publishing, bringing a unique combination of challenging ideas and good fun to young fans every month. n．成功；红极一时的事
提能一 语段填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
(一)
Adolescents usually feel like 1.deciding(decide)on everything themselves, especially when they feel 2.stressed(stress). And when they meet with problems connected with sex, they will feel 3.ashamed(shame) and embarrassed. In their spare time, they may 4.automatically(automatic) become addicted to 5.playing(play) computer games or smoking cigarettes, the latter of which, particularly, will hurt their 6.lungs(lung).
(二)
When at meeting, the manager often stressed the importance of honesty, and banned his staff 1.from telling lies. However, he himself often 2.abused(abuse) his power, which annoyed the staff much. Therefore, when he quit 3.working(work) as a manager, all the workers were wildly cheerful.
提能二 话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
假设你是李华，由于各种原因，你校的许多同学养成了熬夜的习惯，熬夜会对健康造成很大的危害。请你以“The Harmful Effects of Staying Up Late”为题，写一篇英语短文，给你校英文内刊投稿，以使熬夜的同学认识到熬夜的危害并改掉这一不良习惯。
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①由于各种原因，许多学生养成了熬夜的习惯。
For various reasons, many students have__got__into__the__habit__of__staying__up__late．
②熬夜是个坏习惯，对健康有很坏的影响。
Staying up late is a bad habit, which__has__bad__effects__on__our__health．
③熬夜不仅导致缺乏精力而且使我们头疼并无法在课上专心致志。
It will not only lead__to__a__lack__of__energy but also cause us to suffer from headaches and be unable to concentrate on our lessons.
④长期熬夜会减弱记忆，并对视力和肝脏有害。
Long－time staying up late will weaken__our__memory,__and do harm to eyesight as well as liver.
⑤习惯熬夜的人可能会患有其他疾病。
Those__who__are__accustomed__to__staying__up__late__are__more__likely__to__suffer__from__other__diseases.
⑥是我们停止熬夜并采用健康的生活方式的时候了。
It__is__high__time__that__we__adopted__a__healthy__lifestyle__and__quitted/gave__up__staying__up__late.
2．升级平淡句
⑦用定语从句升级句①
There__are__various__reasons__why__many__students__have__got__into__the__habit__of__staying__up__late.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：actually, to begin with, additionally, what’s worse, therefore)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
The Harmful Effects of Staying Up Late
There are various reasons why many students have got into the habit of staying up late. Actually, staying up late is a bad habit, which has bad effects on our health.
To begin with, it will not only lead to a lack of energy but also cause us to suffer from headaches and be unable to concentrate on our lessons. Additionally, long－time staying up late will weaken our memory, and do harm to eyesight as well as liver. What’s worse, those who are accustomed to staying up late are more likely to suffer from other diseases.
Therefore, it is high time that we adopted a healthy lifestyle and quitted/gave up staying up late.
(建议用时：35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·金华高三模拟)Among all the superfoods and fashionable diets, one style of eating consistently comes out on top as the best: the Mediterranean diet. In 2019, it was ranked as the best diet to try by U．S. News & World Report.
The Mediterranean diet places an emphasis on fresh, colorful eating and avoids heavily processed ingredients(原料). This way of eating focuses on foods like olive oil, nuts, fruits and vegetables, legumes, whole grains and fish. Wine is part of the typical Mediterranean diet, too, but you should drink it in a small quantity. This style of diet can also include some milk, chicken and duck—but, like wine, these are usually limited.
In a 2013 study in the New England Journal of Medicine, researchers found that people on a Mediterranean diet were far less likely to have a heart attack, stroke or other cardiovascular(心血管的) event than people who ate a lowfat diet. The study participants who ate a Mediterranean diet together with olive oil or nuts saw their risk of cardiovascular disease drop by 30 percent.
In another study, those who most closely followed a Mediterranean diet had a lower body mass index(BMI) and better body shape than those who adapted the diet’s style the least. This is likely because the diet is high in vitamin C and vitamin E. Also, it’s packed with fiber, a nutrient known for keeping you full.
A 2016 review of 18 studies in Frontiers in Nutrition found that eating Mediterranean, like having an antiaging journey, was associated with less cognitive(认知的) decline, reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease, and better memory and controlling function. Additional research in the journal Neurology likened the diet’s effects to reducing the brain’s age by five years.
With all of these privileges, it makes sense that you may want to start a Mediterranean diet.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了地中海饮食的优势。
1．Which of the following belongs to the Mediterranean diet?
A．Plenty of milk products.
B．Colorful heavily processed foods.
C．Enough fresh fruits, vegetables and legumes.
D．Large amounts of whole grain, fish and wine.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“This way of eating focuses on foods like olive oil, nuts, fruits and vegetables, legumes, whole grains and fish.”可知，新鲜水果、蔬菜和豆类属于地中海饮食。
2．What does the underlined word “likened” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．Enjoyed. B．Weakened.
C．Increased. D．Compared.
D 解析：词义猜测题。根据第五段第一句和对全文的整体理解可知，本文主要在说明地中海饮食的优势，结合语境“Additional research”可推知，此处是进一步佐证这种观点。结合画线词所在句句意可推知，画线词有“类比”的含义，故选D。
3．What is the purpose of the author in writing this text?
A．To introduce a wellreceived diet.
B．To persuade the readers to eat regularly.
C．To stress the importance of eating well.
D．To describe different diets and their effects.
A 解析：写作意图题。根据首段点题和最后一段“With all of these privileges, it makes sense that you may want to start a Mediterranean diet.”以及文章的其他内容可推知，本文旨在推荐一种受欢迎的饮食方式，即地中海饮食，故选A。
B
On average, Americans spend about 10 hours a day in front of a computer or other electronic devices(设备) and less than 30 minutes a day outdoors. That is a claim made by David Strayer, a professor of psychology at the University of Utah. In his 2017 TED Talk, Strayer explained that all this time spent with technology is making our brains tired.
Using an electronic device to answer emails, listen to the news and look at social media puts a lot of pressure on the front of the brain, which, Strayer explains, is important for critical(有判断力的) thinking, problemsolving and decisionmaking.
So, it is important to give the brain a rest. And being in nature, Strayer claims, helps get a tired brain away from too much technology. More than 15，000 campers from around the world attended an international camping festival in September. That is when friends and family take time off and escape to nature for several days. They take walks, climb, explore, swim, sleep, eat and play. Camping may be just what a tired brain needs.
Take Carl for example. He lives in West Virginia and enjoys camping. He says that staying outdoors makes him feel at ease. It also prepares him for the work he must do. Kate Somers is another example who also lives in West Virginia. She says she enjoys camping with her husband and two children. She calls it a “regenerative” experience.
At the University of Utah, David Strayer has studied both shortterm and longterm exposure to nature. He found that spending short amounts of time in nature without technology does calm the brain and helps it to remember better. However, he found, it is the longterm contact with nature that does the most good. He and his research team found that spending three days in nature without any technology is enough time for the brain to fully relax and reset itself.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。作者讲述了如今长时间使用电子设备对大脑的危害，鼓励人们放下这些电子设备，去户外让大脑休息一下。
4．What is David Strayer’s opinion?
A．Americans dislike outdoor activities.
B．Electronic equipment should be quitted.
C．New technologies are a doubleedged sword.
D．Electronic equipment brings great convenience.
C 解析：推理判断题。依据第一段可知，David Strayer认为过多使用电子设备导致大脑疲劳，第二段中的“answer emails, listen to the news and look at social media”暗示着电子设备给我们生活带来的便利，因此科技有利有弊，选项C正确。
5．What does the underlined word “regenerative” mean?
A．Reborn. B．Memorable.
C．Remarkable. D．Tiring.
A 解析：词义猜测题。画线词所在段中作者举了Carl的例子，说明户外活动能使他放松并更好地工作，作者提到的“Kate Somers is another example...two children.”暗示着Kate与家人在户外的活动也给了她活力，因此选A项。画线词表示“有再生作用的，有再造能力的”。
6．Which is the proper title for the passage?
A．Electronic Equipment Harms the Brain
B．Good Rest Develops Good Memory
C．Tips on Using New Technologies
D．Being in Nature Is Good for the Brain
D 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，长时间盯着看或使用电子设备对大脑不利，作者鼓励人们放下这些高科技产品到大自然中去，给大脑一个休息时间。文中更是用Carl和Kate的例子说明走进大自然给大脑带来的益处，因此选项D适合作本文标题。
【难句分析】 Using an electronic device to answer emails, listen to the news and look at social media puts a lot of pressure on the front of the brain, which, Strayer explains, is important for critical(有判断力的) thinking, problemsolving and decisionmaking.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。主句使用了动名词短语Using an electronic device作主语；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the front of the brain。
译文：Strayer解释说，使用电子设备来回复邮件、听新闻、看社交媒体给大脑前端(前额叶)带来了很大的压力，这个区域对批判思考、解决问题和作决策都至关重要。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·杭州诊断)I recently visited India to meet women with AIDS. Having AIDS is considered as a mark of disgrace and the punishment is abandonment. Most of these women had been __1__ by their family.
What I __2__ most is how much they wanted to touch me and be touched as if physical __3__ somehow proved their __4__．
I spent time with the dying and saw rows of cots(折叠床). Every cot was __5__ except for one in the corner, so I went there, hoping to provide some help. The __6__ was a woman in her 30s. She had __7__ eyes and was skinny.
__8__， I suddenly felt helpless. I had nothing to __9__ her. I couldn’t save her, either.
I __10__ down and reached out to touch her—and when she __11__ my hand, she grabbed it and wouldn’t let go. We had been there together for a while when she pointed upwards. It took me some time to __12__ that she wanted to go up to the roof and sit outside. It was getting __13__ and the sun was going down, and no one seemed __14__ to take her upstairs.
I carried her up. She sat on a chair, facing the west and watching the __15__. I reminded the workers to __16__ her later. Then I had to leave. But she never __17__ me.
Sometimes it’s the people you can’t help who __18__ you the most. Optimism isn’t a passive expectation that things will get better. It is a(n) __19__ that we can make things better and we can help people if we don’t lose hope and don’t look __20__．
【解题导语】 我到印度去看望那些患有艾滋病、被家庭抛弃的妇女。在那里我遇到一位女病人，她要我带她到屋顶，我将她带到上面，然后就离开了，但是这个人却永远留在了我的心中。我由此次经历明白，只要心存希望并且不随便放弃，我们终究会使事情变好，帮助到别人。
1．A.beaten B．abandoned
C．scolded D．cheated
B 解析：根据上文中的“the punishment is abandonment”可知，这些妇女中大多数已经被她们的家人抛弃了。故选B。
2．A.value B．complain
C．remember D．wonder
C 解析：根据文章开头的“I recently visited India”可知，文章叙述的是作者的回忆。由此可知，这里表示“我”记得最清楚的就是她们很想要触碰“我”并被触碰。故选C。
3．A.excitement B．collision
C．pleasure D．contact
D 解析：根据该空前的“touch me and be touched”可知，她们希望和“我”有身体接触(contact)，好像这样能以某种方式证明她们的价值(worth)。
4．A.birth B．failure
C．worth D．future
C 解析：参见上题解析。
5．A.occupied B．attended
C．made D．covered
B 解析：根据该空后的“hoping to provide some help”可知，每个折叠床(的病人)都有人照看，除了角落里的一个，所以“我”希望能给这个床的病人一些帮助。B项意为“看护，照料”，故选B。
6．A.patient B．witness
C．nurse D．worker
A 解析：根据第一段第一句中的“women with AIDS”可知，这里住的都是身患艾滋病的病人。故选A。
7．A.shining B．beautiful
C．sorrowful D．greedy
C 解析：根据语境以及该空后的“skinny”可知，她有着悲伤的眼睛且骨瘦如柴。故选C。
8．A.Otherwise B．However
C．Instead D．Besides
B 解析：根据上文的“hoping to provide some help”以及该空后的“I suddenly felt helpless”可知，本来“我”想帮助她，但突然发现“我”无能为力。此处与上文构成转折关系，故选B。
9．A.entertain B．protect
C．convince D．offer
D 解析：根据上文的“I suddenly felt helpless”并结合该空后的“I couldn’t save her, either.”可知，“我”什么也给不了她。故选D。
10．A.knelt B．calmed
C．went D．jumped
A 解析：根据该空后的“reached out to touch her”可推知，“我”跪下来(knelt down)，然后伸手去触碰她。故选A。
11．A.pushed B．felt
C．shook D．warmed
B 解析：根据该空前的“touch her”以及该空后的“she grabbed it and wouldn’t let go”可知，当“我”用手触碰她的时候，她感觉到了“我”的手，并且抓住它，不肯松开。故选B。
12．A.figure out B．get across
C．point out D．put down
A 解析：根据空后的“she wanted to go up to the roof”可推知，“我”花了一些时间，才弄明白她是要到屋顶上去坐一坐。A项意为“弄明白”，故选A。B项意为“解释清楚，传达”；C项意为“指出”；D项意为“记下，写下”。
13．A.clear B．cloudy
C．late D．windy
C 解析：根据该空后的“the sun was going down”可知，天已经很晚了。故选C。
14．A.brave B．determined
C．confident D．willing
D 解析：根据语境由于天很晚了，所以似乎没有人愿意带她到外面去。故选D。
15．A.night B．sunset
C．roof D．performance
B 解析：根据上文的“the sun was going down”可知，她坐在椅子上，面朝西方，看着日落。故选B。
16．A.treat B．save
C．comfort D．fetch
D 解析：根据空后的“I had to leave”可知，“我”要走了，所以“我”提醒工作人员稍后去将她接回来。故选D。
17．A.left B．forgot
C．forgave D．thanked
A 解析：根据空前的“I had to leave”和语境可推知，虽然“我”离开了她，但是她却仍然在“我”心中，没有离开。故选A。
18．A.challenge B．confuse
C．satisfy D．inspire
D 解析：结合上文内容可知，有时候，正是那些你无法给予帮助的人，给你的启发最大。inspire意为“启发思考”，故选D。
19．A.opportunity B．promise
C．belief D．intention
C 解析：根据空前一句可知，乐观不是被动地期待事情会变好。它是一种信念，即如果我们心存希望，不看向别处(即放弃)，那么我们就能够将事情变好，能够帮助到别人。故选C。
20．A.away B．up
C．out D．back
A 解析：参见上题解析。
一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．alcohol n． 酒；酒精
2．alcoholic adj. 酒精的
3．immune adj. 有免疫力的
4．spill vi. __溢出；洒落
vt. 使溢出；使洒落
5．pregnant adj. 怀孕的
6．abnormal adj. 畸形的；异常的
7．obesity n. (过度)肥胖；肥胖症
8．comprehension n. 理解(力)
9．fitness n. 健康
10．robbery n. 抢劫；盗窃
11．pill n. 药丸；药片
12．needle n. 针；(注射器的)针头
13．prejudice n. 偏见；成见
14．awkward adj. 局促不安的；笨拙的
15．adolescent n. 青少年
adj. 青春期的
16．adolescence n. 青春期
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．abuse n. & vt. 滥用；虐待
2．ban vt. 禁止；取缔
n. 禁令；谴责
3．due adj. 欠款的；预定的；到期的
4．tough adj. 困难的；强硬的
5．quit vt. 停止(做某事)；离开
6．cigarette n. 香烟；纸烟
7．accustom vt. 使习惯于
8．accustomed adj. 惯常的；习惯了的
9．unfit adj. 不健康的；不合适的；
不合格的
10．lung n. 肺
11．packet n. 小包；小盒
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．automatic adj.无意识的；自动的→automatically adv.无意识地；自动地
2．mental adj.精神的；智力的→mentally adv.精神上；智力上→physical adj.(反义词)身体的；肉体的
3．breath n．呼吸→__breathe v．呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的；屏息的
4．strength n．力气，力量；强项→strengthen vt.加强；巩固；使坚强 vi.变强
5．disappoint vt.使失望；使扫兴→disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．失望；沮丧
6．relax v．使放松→relaxed adj.轻松的→relaxing adj.使人放松的→relaxation n．放松；松弛
7．weak adj.虚弱的→weaken vi.动摇；减弱 vt.(使)变弱→weakness n．弱点
8．legal adj.合法的→illegal adj.不合法的；违法的
9．judge n．裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决→judgement n．看法；判决；判断
10．embarrass v．使尴尬；使局促不安；使困窘→embarrassed adj.尴尬的；陷入困境的→embarrassment n．窘迫；难堪
11．addict vt.使上瘾 n．有瘾的人→addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的→addiction n．沉溺；嗜好→addictive adj.使人上瘾的
12．effect n．结果；效力；影响→effective adj.有效的；有影响的→affect vt.影响
13．stress n．压力；重音 vt.加压力于；使紧张→stressful adj.产生压力的；紧张的→stressed adj.焦虑不安的
14．shame n．羞耻；羞愧→shameful adj.可耻的；不道德的→shameless adj.无耻的；厚颜的→ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的
15．chemist n．药剂师；化学家→chemical adj.化学的 n．化学制品→chemistry n．化学
1.人生历程
①baby 婴儿
②kid/child 小孩
③junior 年少者；地位较低者；小学生
④youth/teenager/adolescent
青少年
⑤adult 成人
⑥a middle－aged person 中年人
⑦senior citizen/the elderly/the aged
老年人
2.性格多变，让人难以捉摸
①bad－tempered 脾气暴躁的；易怒的
②sweet－tempered 性情温和的
③kind－hearted 好心的
④open－minded 虚心的
⑤easy－going 随和的
⑥outgoing 外向的
⑦strong－willed 意志坚强的
⑧narrow－minded 心胸狭窄的
3.否定前缀un－高频形容词一览
①unfit 不健康的；不合适的；不合格的
②unfair 不公平的
③unusual 不寻常的
④unfriendly 不友好的
⑤unfortunate 不幸的
⑥uncomfortable 不舒服的
⑦unimportant 不重要的
⑧uncertain 不确定的
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．due__to 由于……
2．(be)__addicted__to 对……有瘾
3．(be)__accustomed__to 习惯于……
4．decide__on 对……作出决定
5．feel__like__(doing) 想要(做)……
6．in__spite__of 不顾；不管
7．take__risks__(a__risk) 冒险
8．get__into 陷入；染上(坏习惯)
9．at__risk 处境危险；遭受危险
10．throw__away 扔掉
1.“因为；由于……”荟萃
①due to 由于；因为
②because of 由于；因为
③owing to 由于；因为
④thanks to 多亏；由于
⑤on account of 由于
⑥as a result of 由于……的原因
2.get into相关短语面面观
①get into debt 负债累累
②get into trouble 陷入困境
③get into shape 使健康状况良好；健美
④get into a panic 陷入恐慌
⑤get into a habit 养成习惯
⑥get into drugs 染上毒品
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：as引导非限制性定语从句
As__you__know,__if you do the same thing over and over again, you begin to do it automatically.
正如你知道的，如果你反反复复地做同一件事，你就会自动地做它。
句型2：It is/was time to do sth.该到做某事的时候了
When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit, I knew it__was__time__to__quit__smoking．
当我因为身体不健康而被学校足球队除名时，我意识到是时候戒烟了。
句型3：“do/does/did＋动词原形”构成强调句；“as＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数可数名词＋as...”结构
I do__hope so because I want you to live as__long__and__healthy__a__life__as I have.
我的确希望如此，因为我想让你和我一样活得健康长寿。
句型4：It is...that...强调句型
It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that__a__person__begins__to__look__sick. 只有当这种病毒发展成艾滋病时，人才会显出病态。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax(放松) and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I have grown not only physically, but also mentally(精神上) in the past few years.
3．As far as I’m concerned, it is not wise to quit(放弃) your job and stay at home to be a housewife.
4．The paper is due(到期的) next month，and I am working seven days a week, often long into the night.
5．It has been proved by facts that watching violence on TV has a bad effect(影响) on the development of children.
6．The man had so little education that he was unfit(fit) for this job.
7．(2019·江苏卷)Large human brains consume more food, and weaken(weak) muscles.
8．You should be ashamed(羞耻的) of yourself for telling such lies.
Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior. 青少年时期
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ阅读C)There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. 局促不安的
3．(2017·浙江卷6月阅读C)Other European countries laid down a similar requirement for immigrants, and some terms are even tougher. 困难的
4．(2017·天津卷完形)Of course, I also took some practical steps to lose weight. I consulted with a physician(内科医生), I hired a fitness coach, and I began to eat small and healthy meals. 健康
Ⅲ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．After a stressful week of work, all the employees were extremely stressed and tired.They complained that few could work efficiently under stress．(stress)
2．The addictive cigarette can addict people, so once you are addicted to smoking cigarettes, it’s extremely difficult to fight your addiction．(addict)
3．If we strengthen our physical exercise，we will get stronger and are full of strength all day long.(strong)
4．To my parents’ disappointment，my disappointing maths grade greatly disappointed my parents, and their disappointed look urged me to study harder then.(disappoint)
5．After hearing some relaxing music，she felt quite relaxed,__and there was a relaxed expression on her face.(relax)
6．As we all know, everyone has both strengths and weaknesses.Therefore, we shouldn’t look down upon whoever looks weak. (weak)
Ⅳ.选词成篇
be aware of; feel ashamed of; take risks; get into; due to; be accustomed to; be addicted to
As we all know, any person who 1.gets__into the bad habit of smoking will 2.be__addicted__to nicotine. They believe that they are enjoying life instead of 3.taking__risks. In my opinion, the reason why the smokers don’t quit smoking is that they just want to relieve their heavy stress. For most smokers, they 4.are__aware__of the harmful effect of smoking, and they are trying to make some change.
Sometimes, the smokers also 5.feel__ashamed__of their bad behavior. Although they desire to live as healthy a life as the non－smokers, they may not have courage to give up smoking. Maybe it’s all 6.due__to the fact that they 7.are__accustomed__to their life for a long time. I’d appreciate it if you could give me some advice on how to break away from the bad habit of smoking.
Ⅴ.完成句子
1．(2017·北京卷书面表达)正如我们所知道的，长江是亚洲最长的河流，拥有许多旅游景点。
As__we__know,__the Yangtze River is the longest river in Asia and has many tourist attractions.
2．事实上，戒掉一个坏习惯付出的努力与养成一个好习惯付出的努力是一样的。
As a matter of fact, getting rid of a bad habit is as__much__an__effort__as forming a good one.
3．正是我的信心和决心使我取得了成功。
It__was__my__confidence__and__determination__that led to my success.
4．关上电脑。 是我们该上床睡觉的时候了。
Switch off the computer.It__is__time__for__us__to__go__to__bed．
5．我的确希望您能考虑我的申请。
I do__hope you can take my application into consideration.
stress n．压力；重音；重点 vt.使紧张；重读；强调；加压力于
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Things can easily go wrong when people are under stress.
②Nowadays more and more middle school students are getting stressed(stress) in their studies.
③Most doctors and nurses live under stressful(stress) conditions.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④正如多次强调的那样，学好英语对你们今后的职业发展非常重要。
As__has__been__stressed__many__times,__learning English well is of great importance to your career development in the future.
(1)under stress 在压力之下
lay/put stress on sth. 强调某事物
(2)stressful adj. 有压力的(指物)
stressed adj. 有压力的(指人)
[佳句背诵] Last weekend, we started a campaign with the theme “Working is most beautiful” and stressed the importance of working with our own hands. 上周末，我们以“劳动最光荣”为主题发起了一项活动，并强调了亲手劳动的重要性。(2019·北京卷书面表达)
due adj.欠款的；预定；预计；到期的；应付的
[一词多义]——写出下列句中due to 或due的含义
①(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time. 因为
②She is due to make a speech on the economy next week.预计
③The books must be returned before the due date or the kid cannot borrow other books.到期的
④The old man said the accident was due to careless driving, so a lot of money was due to be paid by the driver. 由于__应支付
(1)be due to do sth. 预定做某事
(2)(be) due to sb. 应支付/给予/归于某人
(be) due to sth. 由于/因为某事
[佳句背诵] I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live. 我想我之所以长寿而且精力充沛，一定要归功于我的健康生活。
[名师点津] 表示“由于；因为”的其他短语：on account of, because of, as a result of等。
addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Now I work in a centre for drug addicts(addict), helping others to stop taking drugs.
②She kicked her three－pack－a－day cigarette habit, and overcame her addiction(addict) to alcohol.
[能力提升]——一句多译
很多孩子沉迷于上网，以致他们对学习失去了兴趣。
③Many kids become/are/get__addicted__to surfing the Internet, so they have lost interest in study. (addicted)
④Many kids addict__themselves__to surfing the Internet, so they have lost interest in study. (addict)
⑤Addicted__to surfing the Internet, many kids have lost interest in study. (分词作状语)
(1)be/become/get addicted to
沉溺于……；对……上瘾
(2)addict vt. 使沉溺；使上瘾
n． 有瘾的人
addict oneself to sth. 某人沉溺于某事
(3)addiction n． 瘾；入迷；嗜好
[佳句背诵] Learning that you are addicted to table tennis, I am writing to sincerely invite you to join the table tennis team in our school.
得知你沉醉于乒乓球，我写信真诚地邀请你加入我们学校的乒乓球队。(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)
accustomed adj.惯常的；习惯了的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Knowing that you are not accustomed to the life here and are considering returning to America, I feel very upset.
②For those accustomed(accustom) to a comfortable life, the change to remote areas must have been very hard indeed.
[能力提升]——一句多译
这位老人习惯于住在农村，他发现很难适应城市的生活。
③The old man is__accustomed__to__living__in__the__countryside,__and he finds it hard to adapt to the life in the city.
④Accustomed__to__living__in__the__countryside,__the old man finds it hard to adapt to the life in the city. (分词作状语)
⑤Having__accustomed__himself__to__living__in__the__countryside,__the old man finds it hard to adapt to the life in the city.(分词作状语)
(1)be accustomed to (doing) sth.
习惯于(做)某事(表示状态)
get/become accustomed to (doing) sth.
习惯于(做)某事(表示动作)
(2)accustom vt. 使习惯于
accustom sb./oneself to (doing) sth.
使某人/自己习惯于(做)某事
[佳句背诵] He quickly accustomed himself to the strong academic atmosphere and colorful activities in the college. 他很快适应了大学里的浓厚的学术氛围和丰富多彩的活动。
effect n．结果；效力；影响
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/对比填空
①It won’t be easy to put the changes into effect, so we must spare no effort to do it.
②The effective way to kill the pest has a disastrous effect on the environment, affecting the balance of nature. (effect；affect；effective)
[能力提升]——微写作
③(2018·北京卷书面表达)我介绍了制茶的历史，这对他们更好地理解我们的饮茶文化有很大的影响。
I introduced the history of tea－making，which__has__a__great__effect__on__them__to better understand our tea－drinking culture.
(1)take effect 生效；见效
have an effect/influence on/upon...
对……产生影响
put...into effect 实施；使……生效/起作用
side effect 副作用
(2)effective adj. 有效的；有影响的
(3)affect vt. 影响
[佳句背诵] There is no denying that reading books of traditional culture can have a good effect on the children. 不可否认，阅读传统文化的书籍会对儿童有良好的影响。
ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①He felt ashamed of cheating in the exam, determined never to do such things again.
②It is a shame that a good student should do something like that.
③It is shameful(shame) to break school rules, to be selfish or to make little effort to achieve progress.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④读了上面如此多的妈妈们的共同的抱怨，我感到羞愧和内疚。
Having read about the above common complaint from so many mothers, I__feel__ashamed__and__guilty．
(1)be ashamed to do... 耻于做……；因难为情而不愿做……
feel/be ashamed of (doing) sth.
为(做)某事感到羞愧
(2)It’s a shame that.../What a shame that...
……真让人遗憾。
(3)shameful adj. 可耻的；不道德的
[佳句背诵] In my opinion，you should be ashamed of your foolish behaviour.
依我看来，你应该对自己愚蠢的行为感到羞耻。
take risks(a risk) 冒险
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)They were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined.
②He got well－prepared for the job interview，for he couldn’t risk losing(lose) the good opportunity.
[能力提升]——微写作
③(江苏卷书面表达)交通问题不仅影响我们的日常生活，而且还使人们的生命处于危险之中。
Not only does the traffic issue affect our daily life, but it also__puts__people’s__lives__at__risk．
(1)at risk 有风险；处境危险
at the risk of... 冒着……的危险
run the risk (of doing sth.)
冒险(做某事)
put...at risk 让……处于危险之中
(2)risk doing sth. 冒险做某事
[佳句背诵] He felt he had to make up his mind on every step instead of taking risks.
他觉得他应该做好每一步的决定，而不是冒险。
get into 陷入；染上(坏习惯)
[基础练习]——用get的相关短语填空
①If you get__into trouble, we are willing to help you out.
②A smile can help us get__through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers.
③After Christmas I’m going to get__down__to some serious job－hunting.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④回顾过去的几年，朋友给了我那么多的帮助，我才能克服我不得不面对的困难。
Looking back on my past few years，friends gave me so much help that I could get__over__difficulties which I had to face with.
(1)get into debt 负债累累
get into trouble 陷入困境；惹上麻烦
get into the habit of 养成……的习惯
(2)get across 使被理解
get along with 与……相处
get over 克服；恢复
get down to 开始做……
[佳句背诵] I have got into the habit of playing basketball since it has been giving me strength to face the challenges in my life.
我已经养成了打篮球的习惯，因为它给了我力量去面对生活中的挑战。(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)
“do/does/did＋动词原形”构成强调句；“as＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数可数名词＋as...”结构
(教材P18)I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.
我的确希望如此，因为我想让你和我一样活得健康长寿。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I do sincerely hope that you can take my application into account at your earliest convenience.
②To our joy, he did manage to finish the task ahead of schedule.
③We wanted him to have __as full a life as possible, not different from what we want for our other two sons.
④As a matter of fact, I can’t afford as expensive a car as his.
[能力提升]——微写作
⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)在我们校园里，打乒乓球和踢足球一样受欢迎。
Playing ping－pong is as__popular__an__activity__as playing football in our campus.
(1)“do/does/did＋动词原形”构成强调句，意为“确实；的确”，用来加强谓语动词的语气，但须符合以下条件：
①句子是肯定句；
②句子的时态为一般现在时或一般过去时。
(2)as＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数可数名词＋as...像……一样……
[佳句背诵] ①I do cherish the educational opportunity and I always adopt the proverb to serve as a reminder. 我很珍惜这个受教育的机会，我总是用这句谚语来提醒自己。
②The young man hopes to live as simple a life as his grandpa.
这个年轻人希望过和他爷爷一样简朴的生活。
Ⅰ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)
1．(2019·北京卷)They are extremely important in the safe and effective(effect) running of our programmes.
2．(2018·浙江卷6月)He said that if he quit(quit) the job, he would lose his drive to work and succeed.
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The city was crowded with disappointed(disappoint) people with no interest in settling down.
4．In the questionnaire, the subjects are questioned whether they advocate banning(ban) cars in the city center.
5．A regular and busy life is wonderful, although it’s hard and stressful(stress)．
6．He only gave an embarrassed(embarrass) smile when I spilled the water onto him.
7．I was once ashamed to__admit(admit) my weakness, but now I have no such feeling.
8．They hurried to catch the train due to__leave(leave) at 4：15 in the afternoon.
Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
1．We made a great deal of money, so we decided that it was time to__set(set) sail for home.
2．He doesn’t want to take a risk of losing his job, especially since he became the main source of family’s income.
3．Generally speaking, boys are addicted to__playing(play) computer games while girls prefer chatting online.
4．Due to the fast rhythm of modern life, more and more people are living under great stress.
5．(2019·北京卷书面表达)We do hope there will be more meaningful activities in the coming future.
Ⅲ.熟词生义(根据具体语境写出加黑词的词性及含义)
1．The manager is desperate for a relaxing holiday after a year’s work. adj.渴望的
2．His parents’ disapproval didn’t weaken his determination to go abroad. vt.动摇
3．(2017·北京卷阅读B)TOKNOW Magazine is a big hit in the world of children’s publishing, bringing a unique combination of challenging ideas and good fun to young fans every month. n．成功；红极一时的事
提能一 语段填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
(一)
Adolescents usually feel like 1.deciding(decide)on everything themselves, especially when they feel 2.stressed(stress). And when they meet with problems connected with sex, they will feel 3.ashamed(shame) and embarrassed. In their spare time, they may 4.automatically(automatic) become addicted to 5.playing(play) computer games or smoking cigarettes, the latter of which, particularly, will hurt their 6.lungs(lung).
(二)
When at meeting, the manager often stressed the importance of honesty, and banned his staff 1.from telling lies. However, he himself often 2.abused(abuse) his power, which annoyed the staff much. Therefore, when he quit 3.working(work) as a manager, all the workers were wildly cheerful.
提能二 话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
假设你是李华，由于各种原因，你校的许多同学养成了熬夜的习惯，熬夜会对健康造成很大的危害。请你以“The Harmful Effects of Staying Up Late”为题，写一篇英语短文，给你校英文内刊投稿，以使熬夜的同学认识到熬夜的危害并改掉这一不良习惯。
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①由于各种原因，许多学生养成了熬夜的习惯。
For various reasons, many students have__got__into__the__habit__of__staying__up__late．
②熬夜是个坏习惯，对健康有很坏的影响。
Staying up late is a bad habit, which__has__bad__effects__on__our__health．
③熬夜不仅导致缺乏精力而且使我们头疼并无法在课上专心致志。
It will not only lead__to__a__lack__of__energy but also cause us to suffer from headaches and be unable to concentrate on our lessons.
④长期熬夜会减弱记忆，并对视力和肝脏有害。
Long－time staying up late will weaken__our__memory,__and do harm to eyesight as well as liver.
⑤习惯熬夜的人可能会患有其他疾病。
Those__who__are__accustomed__to__staying__up__late__are__more__likely__to__suffer__from__other__diseases.
⑥是我们停止熬夜并采用健康的生活方式的时候了。
It__is__high__time__that__we__adopted__a__healthy__lifestyle__and__quitted/gave__up__staying__up__late.
2．升级平淡句
⑦用定语从句升级句①
There__are__various__reasons__why__many__students__have__got__into__the__habit__of__staying__up__late.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：actually, to begin with, additionally, what’s worse, therefore)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
The Harmful Effects of Staying Up Late
There are various reasons why many students have got into the habit of staying up late. Actually, staying up late is a bad habit, which has bad effects on our health.
To begin with, it will not only lead to a lack of energy but also cause us to suffer from headaches and be unable to concentrate on our lessons. Additionally, long－time staying up late will weaken our memory, and do harm to eyesight as well as liver. What’s worse, those who are accustomed to staying up late are more likely to suffer from other diseases.
Therefore, it is high time that we adopted a healthy lifestyle and quitted/gave up staying up late.
(建议用时：35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·金华高三模拟)Among all the superfoods and fashionable diets, one style of eating consistently comes out on top as the best: the Mediterranean diet. In 2019, it was ranked as the best diet to try by U．S. News & World Report.
The Mediterranean diet places an emphasis on fresh, colorful eating and avoids heavily processed ingredients(原料). This way of eating focuses on foods like olive oil, nuts, fruits and vegetables, legumes, whole grains and fish. Wine is part of the typical Mediterranean diet, too, but you should drink it in a small quantity. This style of diet can also include some milk, chicken and duck—but, like wine, these are usually limited.
In a 2013 study in the New England Journal of Medicine, researchers found that people on a Mediterranean diet were far less likely to have a heart attack, stroke or other cardiovascular(心血管的) event than people who ate a lowfat diet. The study participants who ate a Mediterranean diet together with olive oil or nuts saw their risk of cardiovascular disease drop by 30 percent.
In another study, those who most closely followed a Mediterranean diet had a lower body mass index(BMI) and better body shape than those who adapted the diet’s style the least. This is likely because the diet is high in vitamin C and vitamin E. Also, it’s packed with fiber, a nutrient known for keeping you full.
A 2016 review of 18 studies in Frontiers in Nutrition found that eating Mediterranean, like having an antiaging journey, was associated with less cognitive(认知的) decline, reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease, and better memory and controlling function. Additional research in the journal Neurology likened the diet’s effects to reducing the brain’s age by five years.
With all of these privileges, it makes sense that you may want to start a Mediterranean diet.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了地中海饮食的优势。
1．Which of the following belongs to the Mediterranean diet?
A．Plenty of milk products.
B．Colorful heavily processed foods.
C．Enough fresh fruits, vegetables and legumes.
D．Large amounts of whole grain, fish and wine.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“This way of eating focuses on foods like olive oil, nuts, fruits and vegetables, legumes, whole grains and fish.”可知，新鲜水果、蔬菜和豆类属于地中海饮食。
2．What does the underlined word “likened” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．Enjoyed. B．Weakened.
C．Increased. D．Compared.
D 解析：词义猜测题。根据第五段第一句和对全文的整体理解可知，本文主要在说明地中海饮食的优势，结合语境“Additional research”可推知，此处是进一步佐证这种观点。结合画线词所在句句意可推知，画线词有“类比”的含义，故选D。
3．What is the purpose of the author in writing this text?
A．To introduce a wellreceived diet.
B．To persuade the readers to eat regularly.
C．To stress the importance of eating well.
D．To describe different diets and their effects.
A 解析：写作意图题。根据首段点题和最后一段“With all of these privileges, it makes sense that you may want to start a Mediterranean diet.”以及文章的其他内容可推知，本文旨在推荐一种受欢迎的饮食方式，即地中海饮食，故选A。
B
On average, Americans spend about 10 hours a day in front of a computer or other electronic devices(设备) and less than 30 minutes a day outdoors. That is a claim made by David Strayer, a professor of psychology at the University of Utah. In his 2017 TED Talk, Strayer explained that all this time spent with technology is making our brains tired.
Using an electronic device to answer emails, listen to the news and look at social media puts a lot of pressure on the front of the brain, which, Strayer explains, is important for critical(有判断力的) thinking, problemsolving and decisionmaking.
So, it is important to give the brain a rest. And being in nature, Strayer claims, helps get a tired brain away from too much technology. More than 15，000 campers from around the world attended an international camping festival in September. That is when friends and family take time off and escape to nature for several days. They take walks, climb, explore, swim, sleep, eat and play. Camping may be just what a tired brain needs.
Take Carl for example. He lives in West Virginia and enjoys camping. He says that staying outdoors makes him feel at ease. It also prepares him for the work he must do. Kate Somers is another example who also lives in West Virginia. She says she enjoys camping with her husband and two children. She calls it a “regenerative” experience.
At the University of Utah, David Strayer has studied both shortterm and longterm exposure to nature. He found that spending short amounts of time in nature without technology does calm the brain and helps it to remember better. However, he found, it is the longterm contact with nature that does the most good. He and his research team found that spending three days in nature without any technology is enough time for the brain to fully relax and reset itself.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。作者讲述了如今长时间使用电子设备对大脑的危害，鼓励人们放下这些电子设备，去户外让大脑休息一下。
4．What is David Strayer’s opinion?
A．Americans dislike outdoor activities.
B．Electronic equipment should be quitted.
C．New technologies are a doubleedged sword.
D．Electronic equipment brings great convenience.
C 解析：推理判断题。依据第一段可知，David Strayer认为过多使用电子设备导致大脑疲劳，第二段中的“answer emails, listen to the news and look at social media”暗示着电子设备给我们生活带来的便利，因此科技有利有弊，选项C正确。
5．What does the underlined word “regenerative” mean?
A．Reborn. B．Memorable.
C．Remarkable. D．Tiring.
A 解析：词义猜测题。画线词所在段中作者举了Carl的例子，说明户外活动能使他放松并更好地工作，作者提到的“Kate Somers is another example...two children.”暗示着Kate与家人在户外的活动也给了她活力，因此选A项。画线词表示“有再生作用的，有再造能力的”。
6．Which is the proper title for the passage?
A．Electronic Equipment Harms the Brain
B．Good Rest Develops Good Memory
C．Tips on Using New Technologies
D．Being in Nature Is Good for the Brain
D 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，长时间盯着看或使用电子设备对大脑不利，作者鼓励人们放下这些高科技产品到大自然中去，给大脑一个休息时间。文中更是用Carl和Kate的例子说明走进大自然给大脑带来的益处，因此选项D适合作本文标题。
【难句分析】 Using an electronic device to answer emails, listen to the news and look at social media puts a lot of pressure on the front of the brain, which, Strayer explains, is important for critical(有判断力的) thinking, problemsolving and decisionmaking.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。主句使用了动名词短语Using an electronic device作主语；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the front of the brain。
译文：Strayer解释说，使用电子设备来回复邮件、听新闻、看社交媒体给大脑前端(前额叶)带来了很大的压力，这个区域对批判思考、解决问题和作决策都至关重要。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·杭州诊断)I recently visited India to meet women with AIDS. Having AIDS is considered as a mark of disgrace and the punishment is abandonment. Most of these women had been __1__ by their family.
What I __2__ most is how much they wanted to touch me and be touched as if physical __3__ somehow proved their __4__．
I spent time with the dying and saw rows of cots(折叠床). Every cot was __5__ except for one in the corner, so I went there, hoping to provide some help. The __6__ was a woman in her 30s. She had __7__ eyes and was skinny.
__8__， I suddenly felt helpless. I had nothing to __9__ her. I couldn’t save her, either.
I __10__ down and reached out to touch her—and when she __11__ my hand, she grabbed it and wouldn’t let go. We had been there together for a while when she pointed upwards. It took me some time to __12__ that she wanted to go up to the roof and sit outside. It was getting __13__ and the sun was going down, and no one seemed __14__ to take her upstairs.
I carried her up. She sat on a chair, facing the west and watching the __15__. I reminded the workers to __16__ her later. Then I had to leave. But she never __17__ me.
Sometimes it’s the people you can’t help who __18__ you the most. Optimism isn’t a passive expectation that things will get better. It is a(n) __19__ that we can make things better and we can help people if we don’t lose hope and don’t look __20__．
【解题导语】 我到印度去看望那些患有艾滋病、被家庭抛弃的妇女。在那里我遇到一位女病人，她要我带她到屋顶，我将她带到上面，然后就离开了，但是这个人却永远留在了我的心中。我由此次经历明白，只要心存希望并且不随便放弃，我们终究会使事情变好，帮助到别人。
1．A.beaten B．abandoned
C．scolded D．cheated
B 解析：根据上文中的“the punishment is abandonment”可知，这些妇女中大多数已经被她们的家人抛弃了。故选B。
2．A.value B．complain
C．remember D．wonder
C 解析：根据文章开头的“I recently visited India”可知，文章叙述的是作者的回忆。由此可知，这里表示“我”记得最清楚的就是她们很想要触碰“我”并被触碰。故选C。
3．A.excitement B．collision
C．pleasure D．contact
D 解析：根据该空前的“touch me and be touched”可知，她们希望和“我”有身体接触(contact)，好像这样能以某种方式证明她们的价值(worth)。
4．A.birth B．failure
C．worth D．future
C 解析：参见上题解析。
5．A.occupied B．attended
C．made D．covered
B 解析：根据该空后的“hoping to provide some help”可知，每个折叠床(的病人)都有人照看，除了角落里的一个，所以“我”希望能给这个床的病人一些帮助。B项意为“看护，照料”，故选B。
6．A.patient B．witness
C．nurse D．worker
A 解析：根据第一段第一句中的“women with AIDS”可知，这里住的都是身患艾滋病的病人。故选A。
7．A.shining B．beautiful
C．sorrowful D．greedy
C 解析：根据语境以及该空后的“skinny”可知，她有着悲伤的眼睛且骨瘦如柴。故选C。
8．A.Otherwise B．However
C．Instead D．Besides
B 解析：根据上文的“hoping to provide some help”以及该空后的“I suddenly felt helpless”可知，本来“我”想帮助她，但突然发现“我”无能为力。此处与上文构成转折关系，故选B。
9．A.entertain B．protect
C．convince D．offer
D 解析：根据上文的“I suddenly felt helpless”并结合该空后的“I couldn’t save her, either.”可知，“我”什么也给不了她。故选D。
10．A.knelt B．calmed
C．went D．jumped
A 解析：根据该空后的“reached out to touch her”可推知，“我”跪下来(knelt down)，然后伸手去触碰她。故选A。
11．A.pushed B．felt
C．shook D．warmed
B 解析：根据该空前的“touch her”以及该空后的“she grabbed it and wouldn’t let go”可知，当“我”用手触碰她的时候，她感觉到了“我”的手，并且抓住它，不肯松开。故选B。
12．A.figure out B．get across
C．point out D．put down
A 解析：根据空后的“she wanted to go up to the roof”可推知，“我”花了一些时间，才弄明白她是要到屋顶上去坐一坐。A项意为“弄明白”，故选A。B项意为“解释清楚，传达”；C项意为“指出”；D项意为“记下，写下”。
13．A.clear B．cloudy
C．late D．windy
C 解析：根据该空后的“the sun was going down”可知，天已经很晚了。故选C。
14．A.brave B．determined
C．confident D．willing
D 解析：根据语境由于天很晚了，所以似乎没有人愿意带她到外面去。故选D。
15．A.night B．sunset
C．roof D．performance
B 解析：根据上文的“the sun was going down”可知，她坐在椅子上，面朝西方，看着日落。故选B。
16．A.treat B．save
C．comfort D．fetch
D 解析：根据空后的“I had to leave”可知，“我”要走了，所以“我”提醒工作人员稍后去将她接回来。故选D。
17．A.left B．forgot
C．forgave D．thanked
A 解析：根据空前的“I had to leave”和语境可推知，虽然“我”离开了她，但是她却仍然在“我”心中，没有离开。故选A。
18．A.challenge B．confuse
C．satisfy D．inspire
D 解析：结合上文内容可知，有时候，正是那些你无法给予帮助的人，给你的启发最大。inspire意为“启发思考”，故选D。
19．A.opportunity B．promise
C．belief D．intention
C 解析：根据空前一句可知，乐观不是被动地期待事情会变好。它是一种信念，即如果我们心存希望，不看向别处(即放弃)，那么我们就能够将事情变好，能够帮助到别人。故选C。
20．A.away B．up
C．out D．back
A 解析：参见上题解析。
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