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2021版浙江高考英语（人教版）一轮复习基础考点聚焦选修6学案1Unit1 Art
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一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．abstract adj. 抽象的；深奥的
n. 摘要
2．sculpture n. 雕塑
3．gallery n. 美术陈列室；画廊
4．conventional adj. 常规的；传统的；
因循守旧的
5．technique n. 技术；方法；技能
6．shadow n. 阴影；影子
7．ridiculous adj. 荒谬的；可笑的
8．controversial adj. 争论的；争议的
9．specific adj. 确切的；特定的
10．carve vt. 雕刻；刻记
11．allergic adj. 过敏性的；过敏的
12．flesh n. 肉；肌肉；肉体
13．bunch n. 束；串
14．avenue n. 林荫道；道路；大街
15．visual adj. 视觉的；看得见的
16．permanent adj. 永久的；持久的
17．district n. 区；区域；行政区
18．masterpiece n. 杰作；名著
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．typical adj. 典型的；有代表性的
2．effectively adv. 有效地
3．evident adj. 明显的；明白的
4．adopt vt. 采用；采纳；收养
5．attempt n. & vt. 努力；尝试；企图
6．figure n. 画像；身材；数字
7．scholar n. 学者
8．appeal vi. 有感染力；呼吁；求助
vt. 将……上诉
n. 呼吁；恳求
9．reputation n. 名声；名誉
10．exhibition n. 展览；陈列；展览会
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．faith n．信任；信心；信念→faithful adj.忠实的；守信的→faithfully adv.忠实地
2．possess vt.拥有；具有；支配→possession n．(尤作复数)所有；财产
3．coincident adj.同时发生的→coincidence n．巧合(的事)；(事情、口味、故事等)相合
4．predict vt.预言；预告；预测→prediction n．预言→predictor n．预言者
5．prefer v．更喜欢；偏爱→preference n．喜爱；偏爱
6．aim n．目标；目的 vi.& vt.瞄准；(向某方向)努力→aimless adj.无目标的；无目的的→aimlessly adv.漫无目的地；无目标地
7．sign v．签名→signature n．署名；签字
8．exhibit v．展览；展出→exhibition n．展览；陈列
9．adopt vt.采用；采纳；收养→adopted adj.被收养的；被采用的→adoption n．收养；采用
1.常见英语反义形容词面面观
①
②
③
④
2.“相信”家族
①faith n. 信任；信心；信念
②faithful adj. 忠实的
③faithfully adv. 忠实地
④believe v. 相信
⑤belief n. 信念
⑥believable adj. 可信的
⑦unbelievable adj. 不可信的
3.“目的，目标”家庭
①aim n． 目标；目的
②goal n. 努力的对象；目标
③purpose n. 目的；意图
④object n. 目标；意向；目的
⑤objective n. 目标；目的
⑥target n. (欲达到的)目标；靶子
⑦intention n. 意图；意向；目的
⑧destination n. 目的地；终点
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．scores__of... 大量；许多
2．appeal__to (对某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感兴趣
3．as__a__consequence 结果
4．concentrate__on 全神贯注于；专注于
5．attempt__to__do__sth. 尝试做某事
6．lead__to 导致
7．a__great__deal 大量；非常
8．by__coincidence 巧合地；偶然地
9．depend/rely__on 依靠；依赖
10．on__the__other__hand (可是)另一方面
1.“v.＋to(介词)”短语荟萃
①lead to 导致 ②add to 增加；增添
③object to 反对 ④stick to 坚持
⑤refer to 查阅 ⑥apply to 适用于
2.“by＋n.”短语全扫描
①by accident 偶然地 ②by chance 偶然地
③by design 故意地 ④by mistake 错误地
⑤by coincidence 巧合地；偶然地
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：without引导的含蓄虚拟条件句
Without the new paints and the new technique, we would__not__be__able__to__see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.
没有新的颜料和新的(绘画)手法，我们就不能看到很多使这一时期著名的杰作。
句型2：介词短语位于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装
Among__the__painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.
在那些突破传统画法的画家中有印象派画家，他们在巴黎生活和工作。
句型3：This/That/It is because...意为“这/那是因为……”
This__is__because the Impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new ways. 这是因为印象派画家鼓励艺术家用新的方式来看待环境。
句型4：现在分词短语作结果状语
Henry Clay Frick, a rich New Yorker, died in 1919, leaving__his__house,__furniture and art collection to the American people. 亨利·克莱·弗里克是纽约的一位富豪，于1919年去世，把他的房子、家具和艺术收藏品全部留给了美国人民。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Every year about 40，000 people attempt(尝试；企图) to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa.
2．(2019·天津卷)The book turns out to be one that has appealed(有感染力) to the world for more than 350 years.
3．(2019·江苏卷书面表达)Their Chinese peers in the typical(典型的) Chinese dress would be highly impressive.
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Showing a huge interest in the Chinese painting exhibition(展览) to be held at the local art gallery, I’m writing to apply to be a volunteer.
5．I know that your shop enjoys a high reputation(名誉) of good service, so I bought the TV set in your shop.
6．Mary has kept her figure(身材) after all these years by working out every day.
Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)We found that the least well－liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates.好斗的；敢作敢为的
2．I can give a brief introduction of these masterpieces from the perspective of a native speaker of China.杰作
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ完形)Finally you climb into an arctic－like zone with permanent snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear. 永久的；持久的
4．(2019·天津卷阅读B)I liked facts, things that are concrete.I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument.抽象的
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil－testing program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.确切的
Ⅲ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．I was walking aimlessly in the street when I came across John, who led an aimless sort of life without any aim．(aim)
2．With his business going on well, at first he possessed big houses, cars, and later he took possession of stocks of different companies. Then, he found that everything he had dreamed of was in his possession．(possess)
3．The headmaster has a preference that he prefers overseas Chinese students highly and encourages them to return home to start their own careers.(prefer)
4．From the look on Mary’s face, it was evident that they’ve found no evidence so far who had stolen the computers in the office.(evident)
5．At first, fever is typical of the disease, but it typically takes several days to make a recovery.(type)
6．I have faith in him because he has served us faithfully for many years, and I think he is a faithful and honest friend.(faith)
Ⅳ.选词成篇
figure out; be typical of; on the other hand; appeal to; a great deal; by coincidence; in possession of
Last week, my classmates and I went to Beijing and visited the National Museum of China 1.by__coincidence. It is 2.in__possession__of a great number of paintings by famous artists like Qi Baishi, Monet and Van Gogh, which 3.is__typical__of modern art works. Among these collections are some priceless potteries. After the visit, we had a discussion, aiming to improve the understanding of art. Now, I 4.figure__out why the National Museum of China 5.__appeals__to many visitors all over the world every day.
If you would like to pay a visit to it, I hope you’d better adopt my advice. On the one hand, you are supposed to visit it on the weekdays. 6.On__the__other__hand,__don’t take any photos when enjoying the collections. I’m sure you will learn 7.a__great__deal from the visit.
Ⅴ.完成句子
1．没有你的帮助，我考试可能会不及格。
Without your help, I would__have__failed__in__the__examination．
2．(上海卷写作)在那幅图画中，三个学生坐在桌子周围，桌上有三本书。
In that picture, around the table with three books on it sit__three__students.
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)首先，一座新的体育馆被建立起来，成为我们校内的新地标(landmark)。
To begin with, a new stadium has been built up，becoming__the__new__landmark__in__our_
_school．
4．(2017·浙江卷6月应用文写作)我的确希望你能够加入到我们之中，这是因为Green Hill是这样一个放松的好地方。
I do hope that you could join us；this__is__because__Green__Hill__is__such__a__fun_
_place__to__relax．
aim n．目标；目的 vi.& vt.瞄准；旨在；(向某方向)努力
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·北京卷)All our projects aim to__promote(promote) the development of poor and remote communities.
②(2017·北京卷)Jane moved aimlessly(aim) down the tree－lined street, not knowing where she was heading.
[能力提升]——句式升级
(普通表达)A short film will be on show, and it aims to help us to know more about the development of our school.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)
③(高级表达)A short film will be on show, which__aims__to__help__us__to__know__more__about__the__development__of__our__school．(定语从句)
④(高级表达)A short film will be on show, aiming__to__help__us__to__know__more__about__the__development__of__our__school．(分词作状语)
(1)achieve one’s aim 实现目标
take aim at 向……瞄准
with the aim of 以……为目标；意在……
(2)aim to do sth. 意欲/旨在做某事
be aimed at 目的是，旨在
(3)aimless adj. 无目的的；无目标的
aimlessly adv. 漫无目的地；无目标地
[佳句背诵] With the aim of raising some money for the local charity, we invited several famous musicians and singers. 为了给当地的慈善机构筹款，我们邀请了几位著名的音乐家和歌手。(2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)
adopt vt.采用；采纳；收养
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/对比填空
①Many animal welfare organizations provide care and adoption(adopt) services for homeless animals.
②The young couple had no children of their own and adopted an orphan. After a few months, the child came to adapt to his new life. (adopt与adapt)
[能力提升]——完成句子
③我确实珍视这个受教育的机会，总是把这个箴言当作座右铭。
I do cherish the educational opportunity and I always adopt__the__motto__to__serve__as__a__reminder．
(1)adopt sb.as... 收养/挑选某人为……
(2)adoption n. 收养；采用；通过
(3)adopted adj. 被收养的
[佳句背诵] As far as I’m concerned, we should adopt an optimistic attitude in the face of great pressure. 就我个人而言，面对巨大压力，我们应该采取一种乐观的态度。
[名师点津] 一字之差，意义上却大相径庭：adapt意为“(使)适应；改编”；adopt意为“采用；采纳；收养”。
possess vt.(不用于进行时)拥有；具有；支配
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Although he doesn’t possess much money, he is possessed(possess) of good health.
②(2019·天津卷)Right after Erin took possession(possess) of my wallet on the bus, she posted a picture of my driver’s license to an online forum(论坛), trying to see if anyone knew me.
[能力提升]——一句多译
据我所知，他拥有许多这个艺术家的作品。
③As far as I know, he is in__possession__of a large number of the artist’s works.
④As far as I know, a large number of the artist’s works is in__the__possession__of him.
⑤As far as I know, he possesses a large number of the artist’s works.
(1)be possessed of 具有(某品质、能力等)
(2)possession n. (常作复数)所有物；财产
in possession of 占有；拥有；持有
in the possession of 为某人所有
take/gain/come into possession of 拥有
[佳句背诵] Please keep it in mind that only by possessing a good state of mind can you attain success. 牢记一点：只有通过拥有良好的心态你才能获得成功。
[名师点津] (1)in possession of表示主动，意为“拥有……；占有……”，主语通常为表示人的词语；
(2)in the possession of表示被动，意为“被……占有，为某人所有”，主语通常为表示物的词语。
attempt n．努力；尝试；企图 vt.尝试；企图
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①He attempted to__compete(compete) for the position of chairman of the Students’ Union.
②Personally speaking, parents are making an attempt to protect their kids by giving whatever they require.
[能力提升]——微写作
③(2018·北京卷书面表达)由于每个国际学生都尝试自己泡茶，整个茶室很快就活跃了起来。
Soon the tea room became lively with every international student__attempting__to__make__their__own__tea．
(1)make an attempt to do/at doing sth. 试图做某事
at the first attempt 第一次尝试
[佳句背诵] If you fail at the first attempt，there is no need to care about that.
如果你第一次尝试就失败了，那就没有必要在意。
figure n．画像；雕像；人物；身材；体形；数字 v．估计；计算；认为
[一词多义]——写出下列句中figure的含义
①Even to this day, Lincoln is regarded as one of the most inspiring figures in the world.人物
②She does exercise every morning to keep her figure.身材；体形
③The Statue of Liberty standing on an island in New York Harbor is a figure of a woman.雕像
④It would be very nice if we had a true figure of how many people in this country haven’t got a job.数字
[能力提升]——词汇升级
⑤(普通表达)To help them better understand our tea－drinking culture, we took them to the tea room in our school. (2018·北京卷书面表达)
(高级表达)To help them better figure__out our tea－drinking culture, we took them to the tea room in our school.
(1)figure out 理解；计算出
(2)keep one’s figure 保持体形
have a good figure 身材好
a political figure 一位政治人物
[佳句背诵] As for my favorite figure in Chinese history, it must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty.
中国历史上我最喜欢的人物是魏源，他是晚清的一位思想家。(北京卷书面表达)
[名师点津] figure作动词，有“认为”之意。
Experts figure that the recently discovered painting may be a Picasso.
专家认为最近发现的这幅画可能是毕加索的作品。
appeal vi.有感染力；呼吁；求助 vt.将……上诉 n．呼吁；恳求
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience.
②Sport has become an important form of entertainment, appealing(appeal) to both men and women.
[能力提升]——微写作
③(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)短片将帮助我们学生更好地了解学校的历史，并呼吁我们为学校的发展做出贡献。
The short film will help us students know the school’s history better and appeal/make__an__appeal__to__us__to__make__contributions__to our school’s development.
(1)appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力
appeal to sb.for sth./to do sth.
呼吁/恳求某人(做)某事
(2)make an appeal to sb.for sth.
呼吁某人做某事
make an appeal to sb.to do sth.
呼吁/恳求某人做某事
[佳句背诵] I’m sure it will appeal to you, for you have been enthusiastic about sports. 我确信这一定会吸引你，因为你热衷于体育。(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)
on the other hand (可是)另一方面(常与on the one hand对应使用)
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①On the other hand, they can enrich my life and provide me with great fun.
②To improve your English, first(ly), you should listen more；second(ly),__you should read more.
③I’m not going to buy it；for one thing I don’t like the color, and for another it’s far too expensive.
[能力提升]——微写作
④(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)一方面，我精通英语，另一方面，我有陪伴外国朋友的经验。
On__the__one__hand,__I__have__a__good__command__of__spoken__English；on__the__other__hand,__I have some experience in accompanying foreign friends.
(1)on (the) one hand...；on the other hand...
一方面……；另一方面……
(2)first(ly)．..；second(ly) ... 第一……；第二……
(3)for one thing...；for another...
一则……；二则……
[佳句背诵] On the one hand, I have a strong belief that I will do well in the exam; on the other hand, I feel a bit nervous, though it’s not difficult.
一方面，我非常自信能在考试中做好；另一方面，我感觉有点紧张，尽管考试并不难。
without引导的含蓄虚拟条件句
(教材P2)Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. 没有新的颜料和新的(绘画)手法，我们就不能看到很多使这一时期著名的杰作。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Without excellent education，there__would__be(be)no advanced science and technology.
②(2019·天津卷)The workers were not better organized，otherwise they would__have__accomplished(accomplish) the task in half the time.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③没有你的慷慨帮助，我不可能熬过那段痛苦的日子。
I couldn’t__have__gone__through that bitter period without your generous help.
(1)“without/but for＋名词”可取代if引导的虚拟条件从句，主句用虚拟语气，表示所说内容与事实相反。
(2)除了without, but for 之外， otherwise, but 等也常用来表示虚拟条件。
[佳句背诵] ①Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway wouldn’t have written his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
假如没有战时的那些经历，海明威就不会写出他的著名小说《永别了，武器》。
②But for your timely treatment, I wouldn’t have survived. 要不是你及时的治疗，我不会幸存。
介词短语位于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装
(教材P2)Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists，who lived and worked in Paris. 在那些突破传统画法的画家中有印象派画家，他们在巴黎生活和工作。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①(2018·北京卷书面表达)Next came(come) the moment when I asked them to have a try themselves.
②Just in front of our house stands__a__tall__tree__with__a__history__of__1，000__years(有一棵一千年历史的大树)．
[能力提升]——句式升级
③(普通表达)The Grand Hotel was opened in 1990. And it sits on the seaside along the South Coast Highway.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)
(高级表达)On the seaside along the South Coast Highway__sits__the__Grand__Hotel__opened__in__1990．(分词作定语，并利用倒装句)
本句为介词短语位于句首引起的完全倒装句式。
(1)out，in，into，down，up，away，here，now，then，there等表示方位和时间的副词和表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。
(2)当作表语的形容词、分词提到系动词前面时， 句子也要用全部倒装，构成“形容词/分词＋系动词＋主语”结构。
[佳句背诵] In the middle of the hall was sitting an old professor with white hair.
在大厅的中央坐着一位白发苍苍的老教授。
Ⅰ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)
1．Of the two paintings, Mr. Black chose the cheaper one out of preference(prefer), though it was not the work of a famous painter.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)People often beautify their home with paper－cutting during festivals and weddings. In this exhibition(exhibit), you can see paper－cutting with all kinds of patterns.
3．In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Cultures”， aiming(aim) to introduce American customs.
4．A great deal of progress has__been__made(make) over the last several decades in health, education and peace.
5．Attempting(attempt) to change someone else’s attitude towards life is a waste of time and energy.
6．We expressed our thanks to the local council, without whose help this meeting couldn’t have__been__held(hold) on time.
7．The local government has taken steps to ensure that rules should be faithfully(faith) carried out.
8．The woman has no child of her own but has many adopted(adopt) sons and daughters.
Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
1．(2017·北京卷)If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people until you figure it out．
2．At the foot of the mountain lies(lie) a village, where people now still live a peaceful life.
3．The book written by Mr. Jackson appealed to people in all walks of life, making(make) it the bestseller in England.
4．Nowadays it is typical of a young generation to__take(take) it for granted that parents should meet whatever they desire.
5．From space, the earth looks blue. This is because about seventy－one percent of its surface is covered by water.
Ⅲ.熟词生义(根据具体语境写出加黑词的词性及含义)
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. __n．结束；终结
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，which she opened with her late husband Les. adj.已故的
3．From the abstract of the speech, I learn that it is about the development of modern art. n．摘要
4．To be honest, I think he is allergic to work, because he never puts his heart into it. adj.对……厌烦的
提能一 语段填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
(一)
When he was young, he liked using wood 1.to__carve(carve)things, and he aimed 2.to__become(become) a sculptor one day. He attempted 3.to__teach(teach) himself at first. Not having achieved what he wanted, he decided 4.to__adopt(adopt) the advice offered by his best friend. Finally, his hard work paid off.
(二)
As a famous astronomer, he is 1.in possession of rich imagination and likes to figure 2.out how things in space move.Apart from his gift, he is quite diligent. 3.On the one hand, he has learned 4.a great deal from books; on 5.the other hand, he does experiments day in and day out. Therefore, he has got a lot of discoveries and published some new theories, which have greatly appealed 6.to other scientists.
提能二 话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
假设你是李华，想邀请外教Peter一起参观当地民间艺术展览，请给他写封邮件，内容包括：①展览时间、地点和目的；②展览内容。
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①我写信邀请你参观一个民间艺术展览，这个展览旨在促进中国传统文化。
I’m writing to invite you to visit a__folk__art__exhibition,__and it is__aimed__at__promoting__traditional__Chinese__culture．
②展览将于下周六在我市美术馆举行。
The__exhibition__will__be__beld__in__our__city__gallery__next__Saturday.
③展览以中国民间艺术为主，包括传统剪纸、书法和绘画。
The__exhibition__concentrates__on__Chinese__folk__art,__including traditional Chinese paper－cutting as well as calligraphy and painting.
④一些享有盛誉的艺术家会出席展览。
Some painters who enjoy__a__high__reputation__will__be__present__at__the__exhibition．
⑤展览不仅能吸引你，还能帮助你更好地了解中国传统文化。
Not only will__it__appeal__to__you but it can also help you have a further understanding of traditional Chinese culture.
⑥因为你喜欢中国传统文化，你最好不要错过这个机会。
Now that you__have__a__preference__for__traditional__Chinese__culture,__you had better not miss the chance.
2．升级平淡句
⑦用分词作定语升级句①
I’m__writing__to__invite__you__to__visit__a__folk__art__exhibition,__aiming__at__promoting__traditional__Chinese__culture.
⑧用倒装句升级句④
Present__at__the__exhibition__will__be__some__painters__who__enjoy__a__high__reputation.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：furthermore, for sure)
________________________________________________________________________
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One possible version：
Dear Peter，
I’m writing to invite you to visit a folk art exhibition, aiming at promoting traditional Chinese culture. The exhibition will be held in our city gallery next Saturday.
The exhibition concentrates on Chinese folk art, including traditional Chinese paper－cutting as well as calligraphy and painting. Furthermore, present at the exhibition will be some painters who enjoy a high reputation. For sure, not only will it appeal to you but it can also help you have a further understanding of traditional Chinese culture. Now that you have a preference for traditional Chinese culture, you had better not miss the chance.
Hope to see you on Saturday evening!
Yours，
Li Hua
(建议用时：35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
In Mark Turin’s article“Protecting Our Public Spaces” in issue 14, he claims that “all graffiti(涂鸦) is vandalism(故意破坏财物的行为), pure and simple, and offers no benefit to our public spaces”. I would like to point out that many people believe that graffiti is an art form that can benefit our public spaces just as much as sculptures, fountains, or other more accepted art forms.
People who object to graffiti usually do so more because of where it is, not what it is. They argue that posting graffiti in public places is considered an illegal act of property damage. But the location of such graffiti should not prevent the images themselves from being considered real art.
I would argue that graffiti is the most important public art form. Spray paint is a medium unlike any other. Through graffiti, the entire world has become a canvas(画布). These works of art dotting the urban landscape are available, free of charge, to everyone who passes by.
To be clear, I do not consider random words or names sprayed on stop signs to be art. Plenty of graffiti is just vandalism, pure and simple. However, there is also graffiti that is breathtaking in its complex detail, its realism, or its creativity. It takes great talent to create such involved designs with spray paint. Are these creators not artists just because they use a can of spray paint instead of a paintbrush?
To declare that all graffiti is vandalism, and nothing more, is an overly simplistic statement. Furthermore, graffiti is not going anywhere, so we might as well find a way to live with it and enjoy its benefits. One option could be to make a percentage of public spaces open to graffiti artists. By doing this, the public might feel like part owners of these works of art, rather than just the victims of a crime.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章通过论述涂鸦与公共空间的关系，进而探讨涂鸦是否为艺术。作者认为判断其是否为艺术应该根据涂鸦的质量而非存在的地方。
1．Mark Turin apparently believes that graffiti ________．
A．is not an art form
B．is too simple to be considered art
C．can only sometimes be considered a work of art
D．should be restricted to places where it is allowed
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“In Mark Turin’s article ‘Protecting Our Public Spaces’ in issue 14, he claims that ‘all graffiti(涂鸦) is vandalism(故意破坏财物的行为), pure and simple, and offers no benefit to our public spaces’．”可知，Mark Turin显然认为涂鸦不是一种艺术形式。
2．The author argues that graffiti ________．
A．is the only art form that is free
B．is best viewed on public walls rather than canvases
C．provides more public benefits than sculptures do
D．should be judged on artistic qualities rather than places
D 解析：细节理解题。根据对全文的整体理解，尤其是第二段最后一句“But the location of such graffiti should not prevent the images themselves from being considered real art.”可知，作者认为评价涂鸦应该根据其艺术品质而不是其所在地点。
3．The author concludes his passage by ________．
A．restating his position
B．questioning the magazine
C．offering an answer to the matter
D．identifying the benefits of graffiti
C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容尤其是“One option could be to make a percentage of public spaces open to graffiti artists.”可推知，作者是通过提供一个解决办法来结束文章的。
B
Growing Pains
The term “adulting” started as a sort of joke—whenever a millennial(千禧一代) would do something ageappropriate, this was an act of “adulting”. Now, though, millennials obviously require training in being an adult.
Rachel Flehinger has cofounded an Adulting School, which includes online courses on simple sewing, conflict resolution and cooking. The cause for such classes is that many millennials haven’t left childhood homes—in America 34 percent of adults aged 18 to 34 still lived with their parents as of 2015, up from 26 percent a decade before.
There’s a good deal of truth to this. If you’re living at home, with Mom and Dad doing their best to spoil(溺爱) you, you’re less likely to know how to do laundry, cook or balance a checkbook. Dependency__breeds__enervation.
But living at home doesn’t necessarily lead to dependency. As of 1940, more than 30 percent of 25 to 29yearolds lived at home with parents or grandparents. They were adulting, even while living at home. Parents expected their kids to do chores, to prepare for life. Instead of blaming living at home, then, we have to blame our style of parenting. The truth is that we’ve simply become lazier as parents.
So what’s the real problem?
We’re more likely to let our kids crash on our couches(长沙发) than tell them to get a job and pay rent. We don’t push our kids to build families of their own, as life expectancy has increased, so has adolescence. Americans aren’t expected to start building a life, particularly middleand upperclass Americans, until they’re nearing their 30s. Then the question is how we can encourage young people to “adult” in noncircumstancedriven fashion.
【解题导语】 千禧一代的孩子接受着父母的宠爱，他们很多人不知道如何洗衣、做饭、管理生活收支，不能独立；所以有必要在他们成人之前培训他们缝纫、解决冲突、烹饪等简单的生活技能。事实上，是父母的养育方式导致孩子不能独立，父母应当让孩子去承担他们的责任。
4．What does the last sentence “Dependency breeds enervation.” in the third paragraph mean?
A．Parents would like to do housework by themselves.
B．Present kids are too lazy to do housework.
C．Dependency makes kids unable to do things.
D．Kids depend on their parents.
C 解析：句意理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，如果你住在家里，爸爸妈妈竭尽全力溺爱你，你就不太可能知道如何洗衣服、做饭或平衡收支。画线句为进一步的总结，据此可推知，画线句意在表达：过度依赖父母会使孩子丧失做事情的能力。故C项正确。
5．Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Millennials would like to be trained in being an adult.
B．Parents are too lazy to do chores.
C．Millennials don’t adult because they still live in their childhood homes.
D．In the 1940s kids were adulting even when they were living at home.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第二、三句可知，自20世纪40年代起，有超过30%的25至29岁的人与父母或祖父母一起住在家里；但即使和家人同住，他们也很成熟。故D项正确。
6．Which of the following statements is the main idea of the passage?
A．“Adulting” is hard, but only because parents are too lazy to teach their kids.
B．Millennials should leave home early to adult.
C．Americans aren’t expected to start building a life until they’re nearing their 30s.
D．Adulting schools with online courses are popular.
A 解析：主旨大意题。根据第四段尾句“The truth is that we’ve simply become lazier as parents.”并结合全文其他内容可知，本文主要论述了由于父母的过分宠爱和懒得教孩子们生活技能，现在许多千禧一代的孩子不能独立，不知道如何洗衣、做饭、管理生活收支等。故A项正确。
7．According to the passage, what will be written about next?
A．The government should put off the age of adulthood.
B．Parents should leave kids in charge of society.
C．Parents should put responsibility on young people.
D．Pushing kids to adult is painful for parents.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据本文最后一句可知，接下来的问题是，我们如何鼓励年轻人以非环境驱动的方式“成年”。据此可推知，下文将介绍家长如何鼓励孩子们承担生活的责任。故C项正确。
【难句分析】 If you’re living at home, with Mom and Dad doing their best to spoil(溺爱) you, you’re less likely to know how to do laundry, cook or balance a checkbook.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句中“If you’re living at home”为if引导的条件状语从句，“how to do laundry, cook or balance a checkbook”为“疑问副词＋不定式”结构，作know的宾语；“with Mom and Dad doing their best to spoil(溺爱) you”为with复合结构，作状语。
译文：如果你住在家里，父母尽最大努力溺爱你，那你不太可能知道如何洗衣、做饭和管理生活收支。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·台州高三模拟)When our restaurant business failed, we headed north in a camping truck to Texas, hoping to have a “fresh start”．
At the __1__ of Palo Duro Canyon(峡谷) State Park, I __2__ a job advertisement hiring park hosts. The position offered a __3__， permanent campsite in the park and __4__， the hosts served as a link between the park’s guests and the rangers(护林人). It was the perfect solution: a rentfree place to reorganize our lives. We entered the park and I made an __5__ for the following day.
The park was __6__， so it took us some time to find an available site. That evening, as we finished our dinner, my wife saw two large skunks(臭鼬) walking toward our table. We __7__ climbed onto the table and, for the next four hours, waited for them to __8__ our camp.
Having survived that night, we were __9__ that everything else would be all right. The next day we met with the people who ran the park. They explained our __10__ and gave us a beautiful campsite.
That evening, __11__， we learned about the canyon __12__. They were strong and cold, rocking our little camping truck violently, and we lay __13__ in the dark until the winds died away.
__14__ the weeks that followed, we learned to survive in our truck. And we managed to __15__ the little money my wife __16__ by substitute teaching. Building a successful business and then losing it had left very little time for building a successful __17__. For a time after our business __18__ I thought I might lose my family as well.
Living in the tiny __19__ with no television, we sat close together reading and talking. One evening, standing under a jeweled sky, I found myself __20__ for all the hardships. We had walked the trails and climbed the canyon walls. We had become a family!
【解题导语】 餐馆生意失败后作者和妻子一起去了得克萨斯州。作者在帕罗杜洛峡谷州立公园的入口处，看到了招聘公园管理人员的广告。作者因为这个岗位能提供免费的野营地而去参加应聘。然后他与妻子一起在野营卡车里过了几周的艰苦生活，这样的生活使作者能够和妻子紧靠在一起阅读和谈话。最终，作者不仅对所经历的磨难充满感激，而且回归了家庭，并最终爱上峡谷公园的一切。
1．A.back B．edge
C．centre D．entrance
D 解析：招聘广告一般都贴在入口处。entrance“入口”。
2．A.sponsored B．published
C．noticed D．answered
C 解析：作者注意到一则招聘公园管理人员的广告。sponsor“赞助”；publish“出版”；notice“注意”；answer“回答”。
3．A.safe B．free
C．convenient D．beautiful
B 解析：根据下文中的“a rentfree place”可知，这个岗位提供一个免费的、永久性的营地。
4．A.in return B．in time
C．in short D．in turn
A 解析：根据空前表述这个岗位提供永久性的营地和空后的这个岗位的职责并结合选项可知，此处应是作为回报，这些被招聘来的管理人员在公园游客和护林人员之间起联系作用。in return“作为回报”；in time“及时”；in short“总而言之”；in turn“轮流，转而”。
5．A.attempt B．agreement
C．appeal D．appointment
D 解析：根据下文的“The next day we met with the people who ran the park.”可知，此处是作者与招聘人员约好第二天见面。attempt“尝试，试图”；agreement“同意，协议”；appeal“呼吁，吸引力”；appointment“预约，约会，约定”。
6．A.crowded B．dangerous
C．ideal D．quiet
A 解析：根据空后的“so it took us some time to find an available site”可知，作者花了一些时间才找到可用的位置，故可反推出：公园是十分拥挤的。crowded“拥挤的”。
7．A.repeatedly B．immediately
C．eventually D．calmly
B 解析：根据语境可知，看到两只臭鼬爬过来，作者和妻子立即爬到桌子上。immediately“立即”。
8．A.attack B．leave
C．pass D．search
B 解析：根据该句中的“waited for them”和语境可知，此处表示作者和妻子等着臭鼬离开。
9．A.satisfied B．determined
C．confident D．aware
C 解析：根据空处前后的内容可知，那一夜他们有惊无险地度过了，所以此处作者很自信(confident) 其他一切都会好起来的。satisfied“满意的”；determined“有决心的”；aware“知道的，意识到的”。
10．A.responsibilities B．requirements
C．circumstances D．conditions
A 解析：根据空前一句可知，作者与招聘人员见了面，招聘人员肯定要向作者说明他们的工作职责(responsibilities)。requirement“要求”；circumstance“情况，情形”；condition“条件；状况”。
11．A.moreover B．therefore
C．meanwhile D．however
D 解析：根据下文的“winds”可知，此处表达的是，然而(however)，那天夜里他们遭遇到了峡谷狂风(winds)。
12．A.winds B．snows
C．woods D．trails
A 解析：参见上题解析。
13．A.shaking B．quarrelling
C．mourning D．aching
A 解析：根据空前一句“They were strong and cold, rocking our little camping truck violently”可知，寒冷的狂风摇动着野营车，作者和妻子也随之抖动直到狂风渐息。shake“摇动，抖动”；quarrel“争吵”；mourn“哀悼，忧伤”；ache“疼痛”。
14．A.After B．Between
C．During D．Beyond
C 解析：根据语境可知，在接下来的几周时间里(During)，作者和妻子学会了在卡车中生存(live on)并设法依靠妻子临时代课挣(earned)来的少量的钱生活。
15．A.give away B．hand out
C．live on D．put aside
C
16．A.borrowed B．earned
C．posted D．raised
B
17．A.business B．career
C．family D．image
C 解析：根据下文中的“I might lose my family as well”可知，此处表达的是开了一个成功的店，然后又失去了它，(这一过程)使得作者很少有时间建立一个成功的家庭，故选C。
18．A.started B．failed
C．expanded D．declined
B 解析：根据第一段第一句中的“When our restaurant business failed”可知，此处是生意失败后的一段时间内，作者认为自己连家也可能失去。start“开始”；fail“失败”；expand“扩大”；decline“下降，拒绝”。
19．A.truck B．park
C．house D．camp
A 解析：根据上文中的“survive in our truck”可知，此处表示作者夫妻俩生活在无电视的狭小的野营卡车内。
20．A.desperate B．ready
C．suitable D．thankful
D 解析：根据本段最后一句“We had become a family！”和空前的“a jeweled sky”可知，此处应是作者对过去的磨难充满了感激。desperate“绝望的”；ready“准备好”；suitable“适合的”；thankful“感激的”。
一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．abstract adj. 抽象的；深奥的
n. 摘要
2．sculpture n. 雕塑
3．gallery n. 美术陈列室；画廊
4．conventional adj. 常规的；传统的；
因循守旧的
5．technique n. 技术；方法；技能
6．shadow n. 阴影；影子
7．ridiculous adj. 荒谬的；可笑的
8．controversial adj. 争论的；争议的
9．specific adj. 确切的；特定的
10．carve vt. 雕刻；刻记
11．allergic adj. 过敏性的；过敏的
12．flesh n. 肉；肌肉；肉体
13．bunch n. 束；串
14．avenue n. 林荫道；道路；大街
15．visual adj. 视觉的；看得见的
16．permanent adj. 永久的；持久的
17．district n. 区；区域；行政区
18．masterpiece n. 杰作；名著
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．typical adj. 典型的；有代表性的
2．effectively adv. 有效地
3．evident adj. 明显的；明白的
4．adopt vt. 采用；采纳；收养
5．attempt n. & vt. 努力；尝试；企图
6．figure n. 画像；身材；数字
7．scholar n. 学者
8．appeal vi. 有感染力；呼吁；求助
vt. 将……上诉
n. 呼吁；恳求
9．reputation n. 名声；名誉
10．exhibition n. 展览；陈列；展览会
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．faith n．信任；信心；信念→faithful adj.忠实的；守信的→faithfully adv.忠实地
2．possess vt.拥有；具有；支配→possession n．(尤作复数)所有；财产
3．coincident adj.同时发生的→coincidence n．巧合(的事)；(事情、口味、故事等)相合
4．predict vt.预言；预告；预测→prediction n．预言→predictor n．预言者
5．prefer v．更喜欢；偏爱→preference n．喜爱；偏爱
6．aim n．目标；目的 vi.& vt.瞄准；(向某方向)努力→aimless adj.无目标的；无目的的→aimlessly adv.漫无目的地；无目标地
7．sign v．签名→signature n．署名；签字
8．exhibit v．展览；展出→exhibition n．展览；陈列
9．adopt vt.采用；采纳；收养→adopted adj.被收养的；被采用的→adoption n．收养；采用
1.常见英语反义形容词面面观
①
②
③
④
2.“相信”家族
①faith n. 信任；信心；信念
②faithful adj. 忠实的
③faithfully adv. 忠实地
④believe v. 相信
⑤belief n. 信念
⑥believable adj. 可信的
⑦unbelievable adj. 不可信的
3.“目的，目标”家庭
①aim n． 目标；目的
②goal n. 努力的对象；目标
③purpose n. 目的；意图
④object n. 目标；意向；目的
⑤objective n. 目标；目的
⑥target n. (欲达到的)目标；靶子
⑦intention n. 意图；意向；目的
⑧destination n. 目的地；终点
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．scores__of... 大量；许多
2．appeal__to (对某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感兴趣
3．as__a__consequence 结果
4．concentrate__on 全神贯注于；专注于
5．attempt__to__do__sth. 尝试做某事
6．lead__to 导致
7．a__great__deal 大量；非常
8．by__coincidence 巧合地；偶然地
9．depend/rely__on 依靠；依赖
10．on__the__other__hand (可是)另一方面
1.“v.＋to(介词)”短语荟萃
①lead to 导致 ②add to 增加；增添
③object to 反对 ④stick to 坚持
⑤refer to 查阅 ⑥apply to 适用于
2.“by＋n.”短语全扫描
①by accident 偶然地 ②by chance 偶然地
③by design 故意地 ④by mistake 错误地
⑤by coincidence 巧合地；偶然地
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：without引导的含蓄虚拟条件句
Without the new paints and the new technique, we would__not__be__able__to__see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.
没有新的颜料和新的(绘画)手法，我们就不能看到很多使这一时期著名的杰作。
句型2：介词短语位于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装
Among__the__painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.
在那些突破传统画法的画家中有印象派画家，他们在巴黎生活和工作。
句型3：This/That/It is because...意为“这/那是因为……”
This__is__because the Impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new ways. 这是因为印象派画家鼓励艺术家用新的方式来看待环境。
句型4：现在分词短语作结果状语
Henry Clay Frick, a rich New Yorker, died in 1919, leaving__his__house,__furniture and art collection to the American people. 亨利·克莱·弗里克是纽约的一位富豪，于1919年去世，把他的房子、家具和艺术收藏品全部留给了美国人民。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Every year about 40，000 people attempt(尝试；企图) to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa.
2．(2019·天津卷)The book turns out to be one that has appealed(有感染力) to the world for more than 350 years.
3．(2019·江苏卷书面表达)Their Chinese peers in the typical(典型的) Chinese dress would be highly impressive.
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Showing a huge interest in the Chinese painting exhibition(展览) to be held at the local art gallery, I’m writing to apply to be a volunteer.
5．I know that your shop enjoys a high reputation(名誉) of good service, so I bought the TV set in your shop.
6．Mary has kept her figure(身材) after all these years by working out every day.
Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)We found that the least well－liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates.好斗的；敢作敢为的
2．I can give a brief introduction of these masterpieces from the perspective of a native speaker of China.杰作
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ完形)Finally you climb into an arctic－like zone with permanent snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear. 永久的；持久的
4．(2019·天津卷阅读B)I liked facts, things that are concrete.I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument.抽象的
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil－testing program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.确切的
Ⅲ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．I was walking aimlessly in the street when I came across John, who led an aimless sort of life without any aim．(aim)
2．With his business going on well, at first he possessed big houses, cars, and later he took possession of stocks of different companies. Then, he found that everything he had dreamed of was in his possession．(possess)
3．The headmaster has a preference that he prefers overseas Chinese students highly and encourages them to return home to start their own careers.(prefer)
4．From the look on Mary’s face, it was evident that they’ve found no evidence so far who had stolen the computers in the office.(evident)
5．At first, fever is typical of the disease, but it typically takes several days to make a recovery.(type)
6．I have faith in him because he has served us faithfully for many years, and I think he is a faithful and honest friend.(faith)
Ⅳ.选词成篇
figure out; be typical of; on the other hand; appeal to; a great deal; by coincidence; in possession of
Last week, my classmates and I went to Beijing and visited the National Museum of China 1.by__coincidence. It is 2.in__possession__of a great number of paintings by famous artists like Qi Baishi, Monet and Van Gogh, which 3.is__typical__of modern art works. Among these collections are some priceless potteries. After the visit, we had a discussion, aiming to improve the understanding of art. Now, I 4.figure__out why the National Museum of China 5.__appeals__to many visitors all over the world every day.
If you would like to pay a visit to it, I hope you’d better adopt my advice. On the one hand, you are supposed to visit it on the weekdays. 6.On__the__other__hand,__don’t take any photos when enjoying the collections. I’m sure you will learn 7.a__great__deal from the visit.
Ⅴ.完成句子
1．没有你的帮助，我考试可能会不及格。
Without your help, I would__have__failed__in__the__examination．
2．(上海卷写作)在那幅图画中，三个学生坐在桌子周围，桌上有三本书。
In that picture, around the table with three books on it sit__three__students.
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)首先，一座新的体育馆被建立起来，成为我们校内的新地标(landmark)。
To begin with, a new stadium has been built up，becoming__the__new__landmark__in__our_
_school．
4．(2017·浙江卷6月应用文写作)我的确希望你能够加入到我们之中，这是因为Green Hill是这样一个放松的好地方。
I do hope that you could join us；this__is__because__Green__Hill__is__such__a__fun_
_place__to__relax．
aim n．目标；目的 vi.& vt.瞄准；旨在；(向某方向)努力
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·北京卷)All our projects aim to__promote(promote) the development of poor and remote communities.
②(2017·北京卷)Jane moved aimlessly(aim) down the tree－lined street, not knowing where she was heading.
[能力提升]——句式升级
(普通表达)A short film will be on show, and it aims to help us to know more about the development of our school.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)
③(高级表达)A short film will be on show, which__aims__to__help__us__to__know__more__about__the__development__of__our__school．(定语从句)
④(高级表达)A short film will be on show, aiming__to__help__us__to__know__more__about__the__development__of__our__school．(分词作状语)
(1)achieve one’s aim 实现目标
take aim at 向……瞄准
with the aim of 以……为目标；意在……
(2)aim to do sth. 意欲/旨在做某事
be aimed at 目的是，旨在
(3)aimless adj. 无目的的；无目标的
aimlessly adv. 漫无目的地；无目标地
[佳句背诵] With the aim of raising some money for the local charity, we invited several famous musicians and singers. 为了给当地的慈善机构筹款，我们邀请了几位著名的音乐家和歌手。(2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)
adopt vt.采用；采纳；收养
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/对比填空
①Many animal welfare organizations provide care and adoption(adopt) services for homeless animals.
②The young couple had no children of their own and adopted an orphan. After a few months, the child came to adapt to his new life. (adopt与adapt)
[能力提升]——完成句子
③我确实珍视这个受教育的机会，总是把这个箴言当作座右铭。
I do cherish the educational opportunity and I always adopt__the__motto__to__serve__as__a__reminder．
(1)adopt sb.as... 收养/挑选某人为……
(2)adoption n. 收养；采用；通过
(3)adopted adj. 被收养的
[佳句背诵] As far as I’m concerned, we should adopt an optimistic attitude in the face of great pressure. 就我个人而言，面对巨大压力，我们应该采取一种乐观的态度。
[名师点津] 一字之差，意义上却大相径庭：adapt意为“(使)适应；改编”；adopt意为“采用；采纳；收养”。
possess vt.(不用于进行时)拥有；具有；支配
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Although he doesn’t possess much money, he is possessed(possess) of good health.
②(2019·天津卷)Right after Erin took possession(possess) of my wallet on the bus, she posted a picture of my driver’s license to an online forum(论坛), trying to see if anyone knew me.
[能力提升]——一句多译
据我所知，他拥有许多这个艺术家的作品。
③As far as I know, he is in__possession__of a large number of the artist’s works.
④As far as I know, a large number of the artist’s works is in__the__possession__of him.
⑤As far as I know, he possesses a large number of the artist’s works.
(1)be possessed of 具有(某品质、能力等)
(2)possession n. (常作复数)所有物；财产
in possession of 占有；拥有；持有
in the possession of 为某人所有
take/gain/come into possession of 拥有
[佳句背诵] Please keep it in mind that only by possessing a good state of mind can you attain success. 牢记一点：只有通过拥有良好的心态你才能获得成功。
[名师点津] (1)in possession of表示主动，意为“拥有……；占有……”，主语通常为表示人的词语；
(2)in the possession of表示被动，意为“被……占有，为某人所有”，主语通常为表示物的词语。
attempt n．努力；尝试；企图 vt.尝试；企图
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①He attempted to__compete(compete) for the position of chairman of the Students’ Union.
②Personally speaking, parents are making an attempt to protect their kids by giving whatever they require.
[能力提升]——微写作
③(2018·北京卷书面表达)由于每个国际学生都尝试自己泡茶，整个茶室很快就活跃了起来。
Soon the tea room became lively with every international student__attempting__to__make__their__own__tea．
(1)make an attempt to do/at doing sth. 试图做某事
at the first attempt 第一次尝试
[佳句背诵] If you fail at the first attempt，there is no need to care about that.
如果你第一次尝试就失败了，那就没有必要在意。
figure n．画像；雕像；人物；身材；体形；数字 v．估计；计算；认为
[一词多义]——写出下列句中figure的含义
①Even to this day, Lincoln is regarded as one of the most inspiring figures in the world.人物
②She does exercise every morning to keep her figure.身材；体形
③The Statue of Liberty standing on an island in New York Harbor is a figure of a woman.雕像
④It would be very nice if we had a true figure of how many people in this country haven’t got a job.数字
[能力提升]——词汇升级
⑤(普通表达)To help them better understand our tea－drinking culture, we took them to the tea room in our school. (2018·北京卷书面表达)
(高级表达)To help them better figure__out our tea－drinking culture, we took them to the tea room in our school.
(1)figure out 理解；计算出
(2)keep one’s figure 保持体形
have a good figure 身材好
a political figure 一位政治人物
[佳句背诵] As for my favorite figure in Chinese history, it must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty.
中国历史上我最喜欢的人物是魏源，他是晚清的一位思想家。(北京卷书面表达)
[名师点津] figure作动词，有“认为”之意。
Experts figure that the recently discovered painting may be a Picasso.
专家认为最近发现的这幅画可能是毕加索的作品。
appeal vi.有感染力；呼吁；求助 vt.将……上诉 n．呼吁；恳求
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience.
②Sport has become an important form of entertainment, appealing(appeal) to both men and women.
[能力提升]——微写作
③(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)短片将帮助我们学生更好地了解学校的历史，并呼吁我们为学校的发展做出贡献。
The short film will help us students know the school’s history better and appeal/make__an__appeal__to__us__to__make__contributions__to our school’s development.
(1)appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力
appeal to sb.for sth./to do sth.
呼吁/恳求某人(做)某事
(2)make an appeal to sb.for sth.
呼吁某人做某事
make an appeal to sb.to do sth.
呼吁/恳求某人做某事
[佳句背诵] I’m sure it will appeal to you, for you have been enthusiastic about sports. 我确信这一定会吸引你，因为你热衷于体育。(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)
on the other hand (可是)另一方面(常与on the one hand对应使用)
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①On the other hand, they can enrich my life and provide me with great fun.
②To improve your English, first(ly), you should listen more；second(ly),__you should read more.
③I’m not going to buy it；for one thing I don’t like the color, and for another it’s far too expensive.
[能力提升]——微写作
④(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)一方面，我精通英语，另一方面，我有陪伴外国朋友的经验。
On__the__one__hand,__I__have__a__good__command__of__spoken__English；on__the__other__hand,__I have some experience in accompanying foreign friends.
(1)on (the) one hand...；on the other hand...
一方面……；另一方面……
(2)first(ly)．..；second(ly) ... 第一……；第二……
(3)for one thing...；for another...
一则……；二则……
[佳句背诵] On the one hand, I have a strong belief that I will do well in the exam; on the other hand, I feel a bit nervous, though it’s not difficult.
一方面，我非常自信能在考试中做好；另一方面，我感觉有点紧张，尽管考试并不难。
without引导的含蓄虚拟条件句
(教材P2)Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. 没有新的颜料和新的(绘画)手法，我们就不能看到很多使这一时期著名的杰作。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Without excellent education，there__would__be(be)no advanced science and technology.
②(2019·天津卷)The workers were not better organized，otherwise they would__have__accomplished(accomplish) the task in half the time.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③没有你的慷慨帮助，我不可能熬过那段痛苦的日子。
I couldn’t__have__gone__through that bitter period without your generous help.
(1)“without/but for＋名词”可取代if引导的虚拟条件从句，主句用虚拟语气，表示所说内容与事实相反。
(2)除了without, but for 之外， otherwise, but 等也常用来表示虚拟条件。
[佳句背诵] ①Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway wouldn’t have written his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
假如没有战时的那些经历，海明威就不会写出他的著名小说《永别了，武器》。
②But for your timely treatment, I wouldn’t have survived. 要不是你及时的治疗，我不会幸存。
介词短语位于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装
(教材P2)Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists，who lived and worked in Paris. 在那些突破传统画法的画家中有印象派画家，他们在巴黎生活和工作。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①(2018·北京卷书面表达)Next came(come) the moment when I asked them to have a try themselves.
②Just in front of our house stands__a__tall__tree__with__a__history__of__1，000__years(有一棵一千年历史的大树)．
[能力提升]——句式升级
③(普通表达)The Grand Hotel was opened in 1990. And it sits on the seaside along the South Coast Highway.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)
(高级表达)On the seaside along the South Coast Highway__sits__the__Grand__Hotel__opened__in__1990．(分词作定语，并利用倒装句)
本句为介词短语位于句首引起的完全倒装句式。
(1)out，in，into，down，up，away，here，now，then，there等表示方位和时间的副词和表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。
(2)当作表语的形容词、分词提到系动词前面时， 句子也要用全部倒装，构成“形容词/分词＋系动词＋主语”结构。
[佳句背诵] In the middle of the hall was sitting an old professor with white hair.
在大厅的中央坐着一位白发苍苍的老教授。
Ⅰ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)
1．Of the two paintings, Mr. Black chose the cheaper one out of preference(prefer), though it was not the work of a famous painter.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)People often beautify their home with paper－cutting during festivals and weddings. In this exhibition(exhibit), you can see paper－cutting with all kinds of patterns.
3．In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Cultures”， aiming(aim) to introduce American customs.
4．A great deal of progress has__been__made(make) over the last several decades in health, education and peace.
5．Attempting(attempt) to change someone else’s attitude towards life is a waste of time and energy.
6．We expressed our thanks to the local council, without whose help this meeting couldn’t have__been__held(hold) on time.
7．The local government has taken steps to ensure that rules should be faithfully(faith) carried out.
8．The woman has no child of her own but has many adopted(adopt) sons and daughters.
Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
1．(2017·北京卷)If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people until you figure it out．
2．At the foot of the mountain lies(lie) a village, where people now still live a peaceful life.
3．The book written by Mr. Jackson appealed to people in all walks of life, making(make) it the bestseller in England.
4．Nowadays it is typical of a young generation to__take(take) it for granted that parents should meet whatever they desire.
5．From space, the earth looks blue. This is because about seventy－one percent of its surface is covered by water.
Ⅲ.熟词生义(根据具体语境写出加黑词的词性及含义)
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. __n．结束；终结
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，which she opened with her late husband Les. adj.已故的
3．From the abstract of the speech, I learn that it is about the development of modern art. n．摘要
4．To be honest, I think he is allergic to work, because he never puts his heart into it. adj.对……厌烦的
提能一 语段填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
(一)
When he was young, he liked using wood 1.to__carve(carve)things, and he aimed 2.to__become(become) a sculptor one day. He attempted 3.to__teach(teach) himself at first. Not having achieved what he wanted, he decided 4.to__adopt(adopt) the advice offered by his best friend. Finally, his hard work paid off.
(二)
As a famous astronomer, he is 1.in possession of rich imagination and likes to figure 2.out how things in space move.Apart from his gift, he is quite diligent. 3.On the one hand, he has learned 4.a great deal from books; on 5.the other hand, he does experiments day in and day out. Therefore, he has got a lot of discoveries and published some new theories, which have greatly appealed 6.to other scientists.
提能二 话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
假设你是李华，想邀请外教Peter一起参观当地民间艺术展览，请给他写封邮件，内容包括：①展览时间、地点和目的；②展览内容。
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①我写信邀请你参观一个民间艺术展览，这个展览旨在促进中国传统文化。
I’m writing to invite you to visit a__folk__art__exhibition,__and it is__aimed__at__promoting__traditional__Chinese__culture．
②展览将于下周六在我市美术馆举行。
The__exhibition__will__be__beld__in__our__city__gallery__next__Saturday.
③展览以中国民间艺术为主，包括传统剪纸、书法和绘画。
The__exhibition__concentrates__on__Chinese__folk__art,__including traditional Chinese paper－cutting as well as calligraphy and painting.
④一些享有盛誉的艺术家会出席展览。
Some painters who enjoy__a__high__reputation__will__be__present__at__the__exhibition．
⑤展览不仅能吸引你，还能帮助你更好地了解中国传统文化。
Not only will__it__appeal__to__you but it can also help you have a further understanding of traditional Chinese culture.
⑥因为你喜欢中国传统文化，你最好不要错过这个机会。
Now that you__have__a__preference__for__traditional__Chinese__culture,__you had better not miss the chance.
2．升级平淡句
⑦用分词作定语升级句①
I’m__writing__to__invite__you__to__visit__a__folk__art__exhibition,__aiming__at__promoting__traditional__Chinese__culture.
⑧用倒装句升级句④
Present__at__the__exhibition__will__be__some__painters__who__enjoy__a__high__reputation.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：furthermore, for sure)
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One possible version：
Dear Peter，
I’m writing to invite you to visit a folk art exhibition, aiming at promoting traditional Chinese culture. The exhibition will be held in our city gallery next Saturday.
The exhibition concentrates on Chinese folk art, including traditional Chinese paper－cutting as well as calligraphy and painting. Furthermore, present at the exhibition will be some painters who enjoy a high reputation. For sure, not only will it appeal to you but it can also help you have a further understanding of traditional Chinese culture. Now that you have a preference for traditional Chinese culture, you had better not miss the chance.
Hope to see you on Saturday evening!
Yours，
Li Hua
(建议用时：35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
In Mark Turin’s article“Protecting Our Public Spaces” in issue 14, he claims that “all graffiti(涂鸦) is vandalism(故意破坏财物的行为), pure and simple, and offers no benefit to our public spaces”. I would like to point out that many people believe that graffiti is an art form that can benefit our public spaces just as much as sculptures, fountains, or other more accepted art forms.
People who object to graffiti usually do so more because of where it is, not what it is. They argue that posting graffiti in public places is considered an illegal act of property damage. But the location of such graffiti should not prevent the images themselves from being considered real art.
I would argue that graffiti is the most important public art form. Spray paint is a medium unlike any other. Through graffiti, the entire world has become a canvas(画布). These works of art dotting the urban landscape are available, free of charge, to everyone who passes by.
To be clear, I do not consider random words or names sprayed on stop signs to be art. Plenty of graffiti is just vandalism, pure and simple. However, there is also graffiti that is breathtaking in its complex detail, its realism, or its creativity. It takes great talent to create such involved designs with spray paint. Are these creators not artists just because they use a can of spray paint instead of a paintbrush?
To declare that all graffiti is vandalism, and nothing more, is an overly simplistic statement. Furthermore, graffiti is not going anywhere, so we might as well find a way to live with it and enjoy its benefits. One option could be to make a percentage of public spaces open to graffiti artists. By doing this, the public might feel like part owners of these works of art, rather than just the victims of a crime.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章通过论述涂鸦与公共空间的关系，进而探讨涂鸦是否为艺术。作者认为判断其是否为艺术应该根据涂鸦的质量而非存在的地方。
1．Mark Turin apparently believes that graffiti ________．
A．is not an art form
B．is too simple to be considered art
C．can only sometimes be considered a work of art
D．should be restricted to places where it is allowed
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“In Mark Turin’s article ‘Protecting Our Public Spaces’ in issue 14, he claims that ‘all graffiti(涂鸦) is vandalism(故意破坏财物的行为), pure and simple, and offers no benefit to our public spaces’．”可知，Mark Turin显然认为涂鸦不是一种艺术形式。
2．The author argues that graffiti ________．
A．is the only art form that is free
B．is best viewed on public walls rather than canvases
C．provides more public benefits than sculptures do
D．should be judged on artistic qualities rather than places
D 解析：细节理解题。根据对全文的整体理解，尤其是第二段最后一句“But the location of such graffiti should not prevent the images themselves from being considered real art.”可知，作者认为评价涂鸦应该根据其艺术品质而不是其所在地点。
3．The author concludes his passage by ________．
A．restating his position
B．questioning the magazine
C．offering an answer to the matter
D．identifying the benefits of graffiti
C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容尤其是“One option could be to make a percentage of public spaces open to graffiti artists.”可推知，作者是通过提供一个解决办法来结束文章的。
B
Growing Pains
The term “adulting” started as a sort of joke—whenever a millennial(千禧一代) would do something ageappropriate, this was an act of “adulting”. Now, though, millennials obviously require training in being an adult.
Rachel Flehinger has cofounded an Adulting School, which includes online courses on simple sewing, conflict resolution and cooking. The cause for such classes is that many millennials haven’t left childhood homes—in America 34 percent of adults aged 18 to 34 still lived with their parents as of 2015, up from 26 percent a decade before.
There’s a good deal of truth to this. If you’re living at home, with Mom and Dad doing their best to spoil(溺爱) you, you’re less likely to know how to do laundry, cook or balance a checkbook. Dependency__breeds__enervation.
But living at home doesn’t necessarily lead to dependency. As of 1940, more than 30 percent of 25 to 29yearolds lived at home with parents or grandparents. They were adulting, even while living at home. Parents expected their kids to do chores, to prepare for life. Instead of blaming living at home, then, we have to blame our style of parenting. The truth is that we’ve simply become lazier as parents.
So what’s the real problem?
We’re more likely to let our kids crash on our couches(长沙发) than tell them to get a job and pay rent. We don’t push our kids to build families of their own, as life expectancy has increased, so has adolescence. Americans aren’t expected to start building a life, particularly middleand upperclass Americans, until they’re nearing their 30s. Then the question is how we can encourage young people to “adult” in noncircumstancedriven fashion.
【解题导语】 千禧一代的孩子接受着父母的宠爱，他们很多人不知道如何洗衣、做饭、管理生活收支，不能独立；所以有必要在他们成人之前培训他们缝纫、解决冲突、烹饪等简单的生活技能。事实上，是父母的养育方式导致孩子不能独立，父母应当让孩子去承担他们的责任。
4．What does the last sentence “Dependency breeds enervation.” in the third paragraph mean?
A．Parents would like to do housework by themselves.
B．Present kids are too lazy to do housework.
C．Dependency makes kids unable to do things.
D．Kids depend on their parents.
C 解析：句意理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，如果你住在家里，爸爸妈妈竭尽全力溺爱你，你就不太可能知道如何洗衣服、做饭或平衡收支。画线句为进一步的总结，据此可推知，画线句意在表达：过度依赖父母会使孩子丧失做事情的能力。故C项正确。
5．Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Millennials would like to be trained in being an adult.
B．Parents are too lazy to do chores.
C．Millennials don’t adult because they still live in their childhood homes.
D．In the 1940s kids were adulting even when they were living at home.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第二、三句可知，自20世纪40年代起，有超过30%的25至29岁的人与父母或祖父母一起住在家里；但即使和家人同住，他们也很成熟。故D项正确。
6．Which of the following statements is the main idea of the passage?
A．“Adulting” is hard, but only because parents are too lazy to teach their kids.
B．Millennials should leave home early to adult.
C．Americans aren’t expected to start building a life until they’re nearing their 30s.
D．Adulting schools with online courses are popular.
A 解析：主旨大意题。根据第四段尾句“The truth is that we’ve simply become lazier as parents.”并结合全文其他内容可知，本文主要论述了由于父母的过分宠爱和懒得教孩子们生活技能，现在许多千禧一代的孩子不能独立，不知道如何洗衣、做饭、管理生活收支等。故A项正确。
7．According to the passage, what will be written about next?
A．The government should put off the age of adulthood.
B．Parents should leave kids in charge of society.
C．Parents should put responsibility on young people.
D．Pushing kids to adult is painful for parents.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据本文最后一句可知，接下来的问题是，我们如何鼓励年轻人以非环境驱动的方式“成年”。据此可推知，下文将介绍家长如何鼓励孩子们承担生活的责任。故C项正确。
【难句分析】 If you’re living at home, with Mom and Dad doing their best to spoil(溺爱) you, you’re less likely to know how to do laundry, cook or balance a checkbook.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句中“If you’re living at home”为if引导的条件状语从句，“how to do laundry, cook or balance a checkbook”为“疑问副词＋不定式”结构，作know的宾语；“with Mom and Dad doing their best to spoil(溺爱) you”为with复合结构，作状语。
译文：如果你住在家里，父母尽最大努力溺爱你，那你不太可能知道如何洗衣、做饭和管理生活收支。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·台州高三模拟)When our restaurant business failed, we headed north in a camping truck to Texas, hoping to have a “fresh start”．
At the __1__ of Palo Duro Canyon(峡谷) State Park, I __2__ a job advertisement hiring park hosts. The position offered a __3__， permanent campsite in the park and __4__， the hosts served as a link between the park’s guests and the rangers(护林人). It was the perfect solution: a rentfree place to reorganize our lives. We entered the park and I made an __5__ for the following day.
The park was __6__， so it took us some time to find an available site. That evening, as we finished our dinner, my wife saw two large skunks(臭鼬) walking toward our table. We __7__ climbed onto the table and, for the next four hours, waited for them to __8__ our camp.
Having survived that night, we were __9__ that everything else would be all right. The next day we met with the people who ran the park. They explained our __10__ and gave us a beautiful campsite.
That evening, __11__， we learned about the canyon __12__. They were strong and cold, rocking our little camping truck violently, and we lay __13__ in the dark until the winds died away.
__14__ the weeks that followed, we learned to survive in our truck. And we managed to __15__ the little money my wife __16__ by substitute teaching. Building a successful business and then losing it had left very little time for building a successful __17__. For a time after our business __18__ I thought I might lose my family as well.
Living in the tiny __19__ with no television, we sat close together reading and talking. One evening, standing under a jeweled sky, I found myself __20__ for all the hardships. We had walked the trails and climbed the canyon walls. We had become a family!
【解题导语】 餐馆生意失败后作者和妻子一起去了得克萨斯州。作者在帕罗杜洛峡谷州立公园的入口处，看到了招聘公园管理人员的广告。作者因为这个岗位能提供免费的野营地而去参加应聘。然后他与妻子一起在野营卡车里过了几周的艰苦生活，这样的生活使作者能够和妻子紧靠在一起阅读和谈话。最终，作者不仅对所经历的磨难充满感激，而且回归了家庭，并最终爱上峡谷公园的一切。
1．A.back B．edge
C．centre D．entrance
D 解析：招聘广告一般都贴在入口处。entrance“入口”。
2．A.sponsored B．published
C．noticed D．answered
C 解析：作者注意到一则招聘公园管理人员的广告。sponsor“赞助”；publish“出版”；notice“注意”；answer“回答”。
3．A.safe B．free
C．convenient D．beautiful
B 解析：根据下文中的“a rentfree place”可知，这个岗位提供一个免费的、永久性的营地。
4．A.in return B．in time
C．in short D．in turn
A 解析：根据空前表述这个岗位提供永久性的营地和空后的这个岗位的职责并结合选项可知，此处应是作为回报，这些被招聘来的管理人员在公园游客和护林人员之间起联系作用。in return“作为回报”；in time“及时”；in short“总而言之”；in turn“轮流，转而”。
5．A.attempt B．agreement
C．appeal D．appointment
D 解析：根据下文的“The next day we met with the people who ran the park.”可知，此处是作者与招聘人员约好第二天见面。attempt“尝试，试图”；agreement“同意，协议”；appeal“呼吁，吸引力”；appointment“预约，约会，约定”。
6．A.crowded B．dangerous
C．ideal D．quiet
A 解析：根据空后的“so it took us some time to find an available site”可知，作者花了一些时间才找到可用的位置，故可反推出：公园是十分拥挤的。crowded“拥挤的”。
7．A.repeatedly B．immediately
C．eventually D．calmly
B 解析：根据语境可知，看到两只臭鼬爬过来，作者和妻子立即爬到桌子上。immediately“立即”。
8．A.attack B．leave
C．pass D．search
B 解析：根据该句中的“waited for them”和语境可知，此处表示作者和妻子等着臭鼬离开。
9．A.satisfied B．determined
C．confident D．aware
C 解析：根据空处前后的内容可知，那一夜他们有惊无险地度过了，所以此处作者很自信(confident) 其他一切都会好起来的。satisfied“满意的”；determined“有决心的”；aware“知道的，意识到的”。
10．A.responsibilities B．requirements
C．circumstances D．conditions
A 解析：根据空前一句可知，作者与招聘人员见了面，招聘人员肯定要向作者说明他们的工作职责(responsibilities)。requirement“要求”；circumstance“情况，情形”；condition“条件；状况”。
11．A.moreover B．therefore
C．meanwhile D．however
D 解析：根据下文的“winds”可知，此处表达的是，然而(however)，那天夜里他们遭遇到了峡谷狂风(winds)。
12．A.winds B．snows
C．woods D．trails
A 解析：参见上题解析。
13．A.shaking B．quarrelling
C．mourning D．aching
A 解析：根据空前一句“They were strong and cold, rocking our little camping truck violently”可知，寒冷的狂风摇动着野营车，作者和妻子也随之抖动直到狂风渐息。shake“摇动，抖动”；quarrel“争吵”；mourn“哀悼，忧伤”；ache“疼痛”。
14．A.After B．Between
C．During D．Beyond
C 解析：根据语境可知，在接下来的几周时间里(During)，作者和妻子学会了在卡车中生存(live on)并设法依靠妻子临时代课挣(earned)来的少量的钱生活。
15．A.give away B．hand out
C．live on D．put aside
C
16．A.borrowed B．earned
C．posted D．raised
B
17．A.business B．career
C．family D．image
C 解析：根据下文中的“I might lose my family as well”可知，此处表达的是开了一个成功的店，然后又失去了它，(这一过程)使得作者很少有时间建立一个成功的家庭，故选C。
18．A.started B．failed
C．expanded D．declined
B 解析：根据第一段第一句中的“When our restaurant business failed”可知，此处是生意失败后的一段时间内，作者认为自己连家也可能失去。start“开始”；fail“失败”；expand“扩大”；decline“下降，拒绝”。
19．A.truck B．park
C．house D．camp
A 解析：根据上文中的“survive in our truck”可知，此处表示作者夫妻俩生活在无电视的狭小的野营卡车内。
20．A.desperate B．ready
C．suitable D．thankful
D 解析：根据本段最后一句“We had become a family！”和空前的“a jeweled sky”可知，此处应是作者对过去的磨难充满了感激。desperate“绝望的”；ready“准备好”；suitable“适合的”；thankful“感激的”。
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