2021届高考英语人教版一轮创新教学案：第1编Book5Unit2　TheUnitedKingdom

Unit 2　The United Kingdom


1．In the days that followed, we paid_a_visit_to some famous scenic spots such as Big Ben and London Eye.
在接下来的几天里，我们游览了诸如大本钟和伦敦眼等著名景点。
2．During_the_summer_holiday,_we paid a visit to the Military Museum, where we really broadened our horizons.
暑假期间，我们参观了军事博物馆，在那里我们的确开阔了眼界。
3．Various kinds of activities with_the_theme_“England_Customs” were organized in our school during the Social Practice Week before May Day holiday.
劳动节之前的社会实践周期间，我们学校组织了主题为“英国风俗”的各种活动。
4．My lecture, titled_“England_Tea_Culture”， will cover the varieties of famous teas in England as well as the original places where different teas are produced.
我的讲座，以“英国茶文化”为标题，包含英国名茶的种类以及不同茶叶的原产地。

自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　核心单词
(1)unite (vi.& vt.) 联合；团结→united (adj.) 团结的；联合的→union (n.) 联合；联盟；结合；协会
(2)consist (vi) 组成；在于；一致→consistent (adj.) 一致的
(3)convenience (n.) 便利；方便→convenient (adj.) 方便的
(4)attract (vt.) 吸引；引起注意→attraction (n.) 吸引力；吸引→attractive (adj.) 有吸引力的
(5)description (n.) 描写；描述→describe (vt.) 描述；形容；描绘
(6)plus (prep.) 加上；和 (adj.) 加的；正的；零上的
(7)arrange (vt.) 筹备；安排；整理→arrangement (n.) 布置；整理
(8)fold (vt.) 折叠；对折→unfold (vt.) 打开；展开；拆开
(9)delight (n.) 快乐；高兴；喜悦 (vt.) 使高兴；使欣喜→delighted (adj.) 高兴的；快乐的→delightful (adj.) 令人高兴的

Ⅱ　阅读单词
(1)clarify (vt.) 澄清；阐明
(2)accomplish (vt.) 完成；达到；实现
(3)conflict (n.) 矛盾；冲突
(4)unwilling (adj.) 不愿意(的)；不乐意(的)
(5)rough (adj.) 粗糙的；粗暴的
(6)enjoyable (adj.) 令人愉快的；使人高兴的
(7)possibility (n.) 可能(性)
(8)quarrel (n.) 争吵；争论；吵架 (vi.) 争吵；吵架
(9)alike (adj.) 相同的；类似的
(10)thrill (vt.) 使激动；使胆战心惊

　[单句语法填空]
1.Several firms were ________ (unite) to form one company.
答案：united
2．Professor Li was very ________ (delight) with the results.
答案：delighted
3．What time would it be ________ (convenience) for you to come over, experiencing Chinese tea culture?
答案：convenient
4．Historical buildings are both ________ (attract) and important to the majority of people.
答案：attractive
5．Since everything ________ (arrange) well, the party will begin at 8 o'clock as planned.
答案：has been arranged
6．The results are ________ (consist) with the earlier research.
答案：consistent

7．It is thought that the scenery of the West Lake's beauty is beyond ________ (describe)．
答案：description
8．Another ________ (possible) is that we will go to Mexico instead.
答案：possibility
9．Thank you for writing and allowing me ________ (clarify) the present situation.
答案：to clarify
10．He likes collecting stamps and now he has a large ________ (collect) of various stamps.
答案：collection

联想积累
1．仅“一字之差”的单词
①statue 雕像→status 身份；地位
②affect 影响→effect 影响；效果
③adapt 适应→adopt 收养
④sweat 汗水→sweet 甜的
⑤content 内容→context 上下文，语境
⑥march 前进→match 比赛
⑦expand 扩张→expend 花费
⑧threat 威胁→treat 对待；治疗
2．“高兴”家族速览
①delight n. 快乐；高兴 vt. 使高兴；使欣喜
delighted adj. 高兴的 delightful adj. 令人高兴的
②happy adj. 愉快的；高兴的 happiness n. 快乐；幸福
③joy n. 欢乐；高兴 joyful adj. 快乐的；高兴的
④glad adj. 高兴的；欢喜的
⑤please v. (使……)高兴 pleased adj. 高兴的；满意的 pleasure n. 高兴；满意
⑥merry adj. 欢乐的；愉快的 merrily adv. 快乐地
3．前缀a­高频表语形容词集锦
①alike 相同的；类似的　　　②asleep 睡着的
③alive 活着的 ④awake 醒着的
⑤afraid 害怕的 ⑥ashamed 羞愧的


1．consist_of　　　　　　由……组成
2．divide ... into ... 把……分成
3．break_away_(from) 挣脱(束缚)；脱离
4．to_one's_credit 为……带来荣誉；值得赞扬；
在……名下
5．leave_out 省去；遗漏；不考虑
6．take the place of 代替
7．break down (机器)损坏；破坏
8．in memory of 为纪念……；作为对……的纪念
9．fall asleep 入睡

　[选词填空]
leave out, break down, consist of, divide ... into ..., break away from, take the place of
1.Computers have ________ human beings in many fields so far.
答案：taken the place of
2．This word is wrongly spelt. You have ________ a letter.
答案：left out
3．The TV ________ again, which made him very unhappy.
答案：broke down
4．They ________ the national union and set up their own organization.
答案：broke away from
5．The buffet ________ several different Indian dishes.
答案：consisted of
6．The mother ________ the food ________ four equal shares.
答案：divided; into

联想积累
1．“动词＋away”必备短语一览
①blow away 吹走　　 ②break away 脱离
③carry away 拿走
④die away 逐渐消失；减弱
⑤give away 背弃；赠送
⑥put away 收起来；存起来
⑦wash away 冲走 ⑧take away 拿走
⑨throw away 扔掉 ⑩turn away 把……拒之门外
2．“to one's ＋n.”必备短语荟萃
①to one's credit 值得赞扬；在……名下
②to one's astonishment/surprise 令某人惊奇的是
③to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是
④to one's regret 使某人感到遗憾的是
⑤to one's shame 使某人感到惭愧的是
⑥to one's joy/delight 令某人高兴的是
3．“代替”的表达法种种
①take the place of 代替
②take one's place 代替某人
③replace sb./sth. 取代某人/某物
④in place of 代替


课文原句
句式梳理
仿写训练
1.Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.
如今当有人提起英格兰，你就会发现威尔士也是包括在内的。
“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”复合结构，可以作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、介词短语、非谓语动词等。
I hope you will _______， and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you.
希望这些建议对你有用。我乐于与你讨论这件事。
2.Worried about
the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London.
由于担心时间不够，张萍玉早就把她想要在伦敦参观的地点列了一张清单。
过去分词可以在句中作状语或定语，句子的主语与过去分词之间常常构成被动关系。
You can also find a magazine ________________________ and two letters from America in the front pocket of the suitcase.
在手提箱的前袋里，你还会发现一本名为《旅游中国》的杂志和两封来自美国的书信。

答案：1.find these proposals useful　2.called Travel in China

直击重点 突破考点

①convenience　n. 便利；方便(P10)

(1)单句语法填空
Cars have become a popular means of transport, bringing great ________ (convenient) to our life.
答案：convenience
(2)单句写作
①We hope that you will accept our invitation if ______________________.
如果方便的话，我们希望你能接受我们的邀请。
②In a word, wild release makes it ________________________ whatever books we like.
总之，自由分享可以让我们更方便地选择我们喜欢的任何书籍。
③These meals can be prepared in advance, and served ____________________.
这些饭菜可以预先准备好，在你方便时端上来吃。
答案：①it is convenient for you　②more convenient for us to choose　③at your convenience


(1)for convenience 为了方便起见
at one's convenience 在某人方便的时候
for the convenience of ... 为了方便……
convenience food/store 便利食品/便利店
(2)convenient adj. 方便的；便利的
if it is convenient (for you) 如果(你)方便的话
It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 某人方便做某事
(3)inconvenience n. 不方便；不便
inconvenient adj. 不方便的

convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，而要用物作主语或用it作形式主语。“当你方便的时候”应翻译成when it is convenient for you而不是when you are convenient。

②arrange　vt. 筹备；安排；整理(P13)

(1)单句语法填空
①Whatever she says will not make any difference to our ________ (arrange)．
②As previously ________ (arrange), Dr John is invited to deliver a speech in August.
答案：①arrangements　②arranged
(2)单句改错
①The company will arrange a taxi to pick you up at the airport.
_________________________________________________________________
②Have you arranged visit the art exhibition next week?
_________________________________________________________________
答案：①arrange后加for　②arranged后加to


(1)arrange sth. 整理/安排/筹划某事
arrange sth. for sth. 谱写，改编
arrange to do sth. 安排做某事
arrange for sb./sth. to do sth. 安排某人/准备某物做某事
arrange that ... 商定……；安排……
(2)arrangement n. 安排；筹备
make arrangements for ... 为……做安排

③delight　n. 快乐；高兴；喜悦　vt. 使高兴；使欣喜(P14)

(1)单句语法填空
①I am delighted ________ (come) to New York at the beginning of the New Year and meet you all, friends both old and new.
②I cannot tell you how ________ (delight) I was with the beautiful birthday present you gave me.
答案：①to come　②delighted
(2)单句写作
①______________， I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
令我高兴的是，在几百个申请者中我被选中参加开幕式。
②He __________________ that his son had been admitted to Peking University.
听说他的儿子被北京大学录取了，他很高兴。
答案：①To my delight　②was delighted to hear


(1)to one's delight 令某人高兴的是
令某人非常高兴的是
take delight in 以……为乐
with delight 高兴地
(2)delighted adj. 高兴的；快乐的
be delighted to do sth. 很高兴做某事
be delighted with 对……感到满意
be delighted at/by 因……感到高兴
(3)delightful adj. 使人高兴的；令人愉快的

①consist of　由……组成(P9)

(1)单句语法填空
If what you say is not ________ (consist) with what you do, it will have a bad effect on your children.
答案：consistent
(2)单句写作
①Life ____________ not only sunshine but also hard times.
生活中不仅有阳光，还有艰难的时刻。
②The true wealth does not ________________ what we have, but in what we are.
真正的财富不在于我们拥有什么，而在于我们自身的价值。
答案：①consists of　②consist in/lie in


(1)consist of＝be made up of 由……组成；由……构成
consist in ＝lie in 存在于；在于
(2)consistent adj. 相容的；一致的
be consistent with 和……一致/相符

consist of一般不用于被动语态和进行时，其同义短语有：be made up of, be composed of。

②take the place of 代替(P12)

单句写作
①Computers __________________ typewriters in most offices.
在大多数办公室里，电脑已经取代了打字机。
②As scheduled, the meeting will ____________ at 2：00 pm, where I will deliver a speech, ________________ president of Student Union.
按照计划，会议下午两点举行，会上我将代替学生会主席发言。
③Before you leave the office, everything should be put ________.
在离开办公室之前，应把所有物品摆放好。
答案：①have taken the place of　②take place; taking the place of　③in place

(1)take place 发生；举行(不及物动词短语，无被动语态)
take sb.'s/sth.'s place＝take the place of sb./sth. 代替
take your place(s) 就位，入座
(2)in place of 代替
in place 在适当的位置；准备就绪
out of place 未在适当的位置；不适当地，不得体

③break down (机器)损坏；破坏；(计划、希望、谈判等)失败；身体垮掉；分解(P13)

写出下列句子中break down的含义
①The elevator broke down and we had to walk up to the tenth floor.________
②The car broke down on the way to the airport.________
③The old man's health broke down after a serious illness.________
④His plan broke down when it was put into practice.________
⑤Plastic bags are difficult to break down.________
答案：①出故障　②抛锚　③(身体)垮掉　④失败　⑤分解

break out (战争、火灾等)突然爆发
break away from 脱离；摆脱
break into 闯入；破门而入
break in 打断谈话；插嘴
break up 拆散；解体；结束；解散
break through 突破；作出新的重大发现；战胜

break down



①[教材原句]Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.(P10)
如今当人们提起英格兰时，你就会发现威尔士也被包括在内。

单句语法填空
①－What do you think of the teaching profession, Bob?
—I find it fun and ________(challenge). It is a job where you are doing something serious but interesting.
②Mrs Smith finds it hard ________(clear) up the mess, as her children are always in the way whenever she tries to.
③When she came to life, she found herself ________(surround) by many people.
④My brother told me that he found the girl ________(wait) for me at the gate, but when I went there I found her ________(go)．
答案：①challenging　②to clear　③surrounded　④waiting; gone


“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构意为“发现……处于……状态”。在此结构中，宾语补足语可用以下形式：
find＋宾＋
当不定式作find的宾语时，通常用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语则放在宾补之后。

②[教材原句]It looked splendid when first built! (P14)
刚建成时，它(圣保罗大教堂)看起来真是金碧辉煌！

(1)单句语法填空
When ________ (ask) where she was from, the little girl was only crying, saying nothing.
答案：asked
(2)单句写作
①Be careful when ________ the street.
过马路时要当心。
②____________， the regulations must be carried out.
一旦制定，这些规章制度就必须被执行。
③______________， I'll go to see my grandparents this weekend.
如果有可能的话，这周末我去看我的祖父母。
答案：①(you are) crossing　②Once made　③If (it is) possible


(1)当when引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致或主语为it，且谓语部分含有be动词的相应形式时，这时可把从句的主语(或it)连同谓语动词be省略掉，省略后的部分为“when＋分词/介词短语/形容词/名词短语等”。
(2)当连词(短语)while, once, as, as if, when, unless, until, even if, though, if等引导状语从句时，往往使用省略结构。

③[教材原句]It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London. (P14)
这似乎令人不可思议：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。


(1)单句语法填空
It seemed strange that the fridge we had bought a week before should ________ (break) down.
答案：have broken
(2)单句改错
It is a great pity the famous singer should take drugs.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：pity后加that


在“It＋系动词＋形容词/名词短语(strange, necessary, vital, natural, important, a pity, a shame等)＋that ...”句型里，that引导的主语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气，形式为“(should＋)动词原形”。强调过去的情况时可用“should have done”形式。

课文回练 升华运用
The United Kingdom __1__ (consist) of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. England is the largest and for __2__ (convenient) it is divided roughly into three zones. London is the centre of national government and its administration, with its fine museums, art collections __3__ the oldest port.
Why did only Northern Ireland join England? In the early twentieth century the English government tried to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland __4__ (connect) without conflict.
However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away __5__ (form) its own government. To their credit, the countries do work together in the currency, international relations and so on, but they still have very different __6__ (institution)．
It is __7__ pity that in England the __8__ (industry) cities do not attract visitors. People can go to the older but smaller towns __9__ (build) by the Romans for historical architecture and to the countryside __10__ great scenery as well.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
答案：1.consists　2.convenience　3.and　4.connected　5.to form　6.institutions　7.a　8.industrial　9.built　10.for

基础达标 自主训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I have had my bike ________ (repair), and I'm going to have somebody repair my radio tomorrow.
答案：repaired　my bike和repair之间存在被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补。
2．I'd appreciate it if you could reply to my letter ________ your earliest convenience.
答案：at　at your earliest convenience 为固定短语，意为“尽快”。
3．We were ________ (delight) that we were successful in our experiment.
答案：delighted　delighted “高兴的；快乐的”，常用于修饰人，表示人的心理活动。
4．It is necessary that the problem ________ (discuss) at once.
答案：(should) be discussed　It is necessary that sth./sb. (should) do sth. 为固定句型，本句中，the problem和discuss之间存在被动关系，故用被动语态。
5．We arranged ________ a car to collect you from the airport.
答案：for　arrange for sth. to do sth.为固定短语，意为“安排某物做某事”。
6．Even if ________ (invite) to, I won't go to such a bad lecture.
答案：invited　所填词为状语从句的省略形式，补充完整为：Even if (I am) invited to ...。
7．It is wise to have some money ________ (put) away for old age.
答案：put　句中，some money和put away之间存在被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补。
8．When would it be ________ (convenience) for you to start work?
答案：convenient　It is convenient for sb. to do sth. “对某人来说做某事是方便的”。
9．Success consists ________ the ability to continue efforts through failures.
答案：in　句意：成功在于历经失败却持续努力的能力。consist in “在于”。
10．This job doesn't pay well, but it'll ________ (rough) cover your daily expenses.
答案：roughly　roughly “粗略地”，在此处修饰动词cover，应用副词。
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．I ________________ (发现很有趣) to watch the kites of different colors dancing high in the sky.
答案：find it interesting
2．________________ (被吸引) its natural beauty, we couldn't help taking lots of pictures.
答案：Attracted by
3．Upon arrival, we ________________ two groups.
到达后，我们被分成两个小组。
答案：were divided into
4．_______________________________________________________________
污染的空气和水对所有生物都有害。(过去分词作定语)
答案：Polluted air and water are harmful to all of the living things.
5．______________________________________________________________
端午节是在农历的五月初五，为了纪念屈原。
答案：The Dragon Boat Festival falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, in memory of Qu Yuan.
Ⅲ.语法填空
In Britain someone who helps children cross the street __1__ (call) “lollipop person”， because their sign looks like a lollipop (棒棒糖)．
The job of a lollipop person is to walk to the middle of the road at a(n) __2__ (suit) time, holding up the sign. It is a legal __3__ (require) for traffic to stop at this command. The lollipop person will signal that it is all right to cross the road __4__ (safe). Traffic may only move once the sign has been lowered.
Generally speaking, school crossings are manned for approximately 3 hours a day or less. As a result, the work has always appealed more __5__ people seeking to supplement their income such as __6__ retired.
Lollipop people were introduced to enable policemen, __7__ had previously run crossing patrols (巡逻), to perform other duties. The earliest lollipops were red and black rectangles __8__ (say) “Stop, children crossing.”
In 2001 in Europe patrollers were given extra powers allowing them __9__ (assist) adults with crossing, too. The most recent change in the history of the School Crossing Patrol saw the word “children” __10__ (replace) with a symbol to bring the UK in line with the rest of the EU (欧盟)．
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了英国协助交通的交通安全员的情况。
1．is called　考查动词的时态和语态以及主谓一致。此处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；call意为“把……叫作”，主语someone与call之间存在被动关系，应用被动语态；因主语someone是单数概念，所以谓语动词应用单数形式。故填is called。
2．suitable　考查词性转换。此处表示“一个合适的时间”，应用形容词作定语修饰名词time。故填suitable。
3．requirement　考查词性转换。此处表示“一个合法的要求”。形容词legal用来修饰名词，其前有冠词a，故用require的名词形式requirement。
4．safely　考查词性转换。此处表示“安全地过马路”，应用副词修饰动词短语cross the road，故用safe的副词形式safely。
5．to　考查介词。appeal to意为“吸引”，为固定短语。故填to。
6．the　考查冠词。“the＋形容词”表示一类人。the retired意为“退休的人”，符合语境。故填the。
7．who　考查定语从句的引导词。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句“__7__ had previously run crossing patrols (巡逻)”中作主语，指人，应用关系代词who引导从句。
8．saying　考查非谓语动词。空格处作后置定语，“red and black rectangles”与say之间为主动关系，意为“写着”。故填say的现在分词形式saying。
9．to assist　考查固定结构。allow sb. to do sth. 意为“允许某人做某事”，是固定结构。故填to assist。
10．replaced　考查非谓语动词。此处表示“看见单词‘children’被一个符号代替”，saw的宾语the word与replace之间为被动关系，故用replace的过去分词形式，作saw的宾语补足语。故填replaced。
Ⅳ.短文改错
Dear Laura,
Thanks for letting us to stay at your seaside house. Now, you might have heard from your neighbors about which happened on Saturday evening. When I was out a walk, my younger son, Tom, was playing football in front of your house. He made such much noise that the neighbors got quite angrily. Even worse, Tom broke one of the window of Mr Wilson's house. Tom and I apologized to all the neighbors for the unhappy happenings, but promised to have the broken window repair soon. Tom said that we would not do such silly things any more. I am glad that your neighbors had forgiven us. They are really nice people.
Yours，
Betty
答案：
Dear Laura,
Thanks for letting us stay at your seaside house. Now, you might have heard from your neighbors about happened on Saturday evening. When I was out a walk, my younger son, Tom, was playing football in front of your house. He made much noise that the neighbors got quite . Even worse, Tom broke one of the of Mr Wilson's house. Tom and I apologized to all the neighbors for the unhappy happenings, promised to have the broken window soon. Tom said that would not do such silly things any more. I am glad that your neighbors forgiven us. They are really nice people.
Yours，
Betty
难项分析：
第二处：which→what　考查宾语从句的连接词。此处是一个宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，且表示“……的事情”，应该用what引导宾语从句。
第五处：angrily→angry　考查词性转换。句中got为系动词，其后应用形容词。
第八处：repair→repaired　考查非谓语动词。句中的have意为“使得”，window与repair之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补。have sth. done “使某事被做”，即“请某人做某事”。

课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读理解

(2020·山西省祁县中学高三月考)Ask any group of teenagers in the UK what they most like to eat, and foods like pizzas, curries, pasta, burgers and chips are bound to get mentioned and many young people would probably also list hanging out at the local fast food restaurant as one of their favorite pastimes (消遣)．
But what teenagers like to eat is not necessarily what they should be eating. According to the National and Nutrition Survey, far too many young people in the UK between the ages of 14 and 18 consume too much fat sugar and salt in their diet and take in too many calories. Meanwhile their intake of starchy carbohydrates (含淀粉的碳水化合物), fibre, iron, vitamins and calcium is too low.
For a growing body, eating foods containing plenty of calcium, such as milk, yoghurt and cheese, is particularly important as calcium is essential for the development of healthy, strong bones. Similarly, foods that are rich in iron are good for young, rapidly developing bodies, so red meat, bread, green vegetables, dried fruit and tonified (使增强体质的) breakfast cereals are also recommended.
It is during our teenage years that habits of lifestyle can become entrenched (根深蒂固的), so it is crucial (至关重要的) that young people are educated about what foods are good for them. In 2005, in an attempt to change eating habits and open teenagers' minds to new flavours and new tastes, celebrity chef Jamie Oliver launched a “Feed Me Better” campaign. As part of a television series “Jamie's School Diners”， he worked with teachers and cooks in a number of schools across the UK to provide more healthy, nutritious school meal options. Although there was initial resistance from some teenagers and parents, the campaign was generally hailed (把……誉为) as a huge success and helped to influence governmental policy on nutritional standards for school meals.
No one expects to end the teenage love affair with fast and junk food but, hopefully, if projects “Feed Me Better” and the government's own “Change for Life” campaign continue to give out the right messages, more young people will understand the importance of balancing occasional treats with healthier food options.
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。良好的饮食习惯使人健康。调查发现，英国的青少年最喜欢热量高的食品。专家提示：要多摄入有益于健康成长的食品。
1．From the first two paragraphs we can know that ________.
A．British teenagers eat too much junk food
B．British teenagers need to take in more calcium
C．what British teenagers like to eat is probably what their bodies need
D．British teenagers should reduce their intake of starchy carbohydrates
答案：A　推理判断题。根据文章第一段提到英国青少年喜欢吃快餐类食物和第二段中的“According to the National and Nutrition Survey, far too many young people in the UK between the ages of 14 and 18 consume too much fat sugar and salt in their diet and take in too many calories.”可知，英国青少年所喜欢的食物含脂肪、糖和盐过多，由此可知，英国青少年吃太多垃圾食品。故选A。
2．To build healthy strong bodies, young people need ________.
A．a lot of fibre B．calcium and iron
C．carbohydrates D．vitamins
答案：B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“For a growing body, eating foods containing plenty of calcium ...”以及“foods that are rich in iron are good for young, rapidly developing bodies ...”可知，钙对于骨骼健康强壮地发育是必不可少的，并且富含铁的食物对年轻、快速发育的身体有好处。所以，为了有健康强壮的身体，年轻人需要多吃含钙和铁多的食物。故选B。
3．According to the article, Jamie Oliver launched a campaign at schools to ________.
A．show off his excellent cooking skills
B．teach students how to cook nutritious meals
C．introduce governmental policy on nutritional standards for school meals
D．draw the public's attention to the importance of nutritious school meals
答案：D　推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“In 2005, in an attempt to change eating habits and open teenagers' minds to new flavours and new tastes, celebrity chef Jamie Oliver launched a ‘Feed Me Better’ campaign.”及“the campaign was generally hailed (把……誉为) as a huge success and helped to influence governmental policy on nutritional standards for school meals”(名厨杰米·奥利弗发起了一项名为“让我吃得更好”的活动，提供更健康的饮食，来影响政府政策对学校膳食营养标准。)可推知，杰米·奥利弗在学校发起此项活动，以引起公众对学校营养膳食重要性的关注。故选D。
4．Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the article?
A．Teenagers shouldn't eat any junk food at all.
B．It is difficult to make children understand the importance of a healthy diet.
C．It is OK to eat a little bit junk food, as long as you eat healthily most of the time.
D．Our eating habits are developed in our teenage years and then influence our lifestyle.
答案：A　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“No one expects to end the teenage love affair with fast and junk food”(没有人希望青少年不再喜欢快餐和垃圾食品)可知，A项说法过于绝对。故选A。

(2019·浙江省稽阳联谊学校高三10月联考)With their pipes and lids to avoid spills, coffee cups have long been the substitute for adults. Now Starbucks is going all in on the concept by swearing to get rid of straws by 2020—and it's all for a very good reason. This move is an answer to our own partners about what we can do to reduce the need for straws. Not using a straw is the best thing we can do for the environment.
In place of plastic straws, Starbucks plans to offer recyclable lids for all iced drinks and paper straws for coffee. The transition is already taking place in Starbucks' hometown of Seattle, where a ban on plastic straws went into place on July 1. By rolling this out in all 28,000 of their stores by 2020, the company says they are annually removing more than one billion straws from going into circulation—and potentially the ocean.
Starbucks' decision to gradually stop using single­use plastic straws is a shining example of the important role that companies can play in stopping the tide of ocean plastic. With eight million metric tons of plastic entering the ocean every year, we cannot afford to let industry sit on the sidelines. Marine life has a 50% death rate when it swallows plastic—yet researchers believe there will be more plastic in the ocean than fish by the year 2050 if this rate of litter continues. That means there can be an immediate positive impact if we swap plastic straws for environmentally friendly alternatives.
The smart design on the cup for cold drinks comes from Starbucks' in­house team of designers and has been in development for two years. However, the announcement comes as outcry (疾呼) increases over the dangers that plastic straws can cause to marine life. Other companies making the eco­friendly swap also announced plans last month to test alternatives to plastic straws.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍Starbucks倡导不使用塑料吸管来减少白色污染，保护海洋和环境。
5．Why does Starbucks decide to get rid of plastic straws?
A．To reduce its cost.
B．To meet the customers' needs.
C．To create a greener planet.
D．To expand its business worldwide.
答案：C　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Not using a straw is the best thing we can do for the environment.”可知答案为C。
6．What does the word “transition” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Dilemma. B．Change.
C．Response. D．Conflict.
答案：B　词义猜测题。根据第二段第一、二句可知，文中提到用另外两种环保产品替代塑料吸管，因而推断这是一种变化，故B项正确。
7．The tone of the author in referring to marine life can be described as ________.
A．humorous B．approving
C．enthusiastic D．concerned
答案：D　推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句可知，因为白色污染，对海洋生物的生存造成很大威胁，对海洋的生态破坏严重，作者为此忧心忡忡，故选D。
8．What's the text mainly about?
A．Starbucks is throwing away plastic straws for a worthy cause.
B．Environmentally friendly material will replace plastic straws.
C．Scientists are making efforts to solve ocean plastic pollution.
D．A sales promotion of a new brand by Starbucks is being done.
答案：A　主旨大意题。本文讲述了Starbucks为了环保事业倡导不使用塑料吸管来减少白色污染，故A项为最佳答案。
Ⅱ.七选五
Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. __1__ Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.
The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk­takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. __2__ As the quality of risk­taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
So why aren't we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk­taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay­in­the­cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. __3__
No matter where you are on the risk­seeking range，scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. __4__ To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.
__5__ For the risk­seekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.
As experts continue to study the science of risk­seeking, we'll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.
A．It all depends on your character.
B．Those are the risks you should jump to take.
C．Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.
D．Thus, these well­equipped people survived because they were the fittest.
E．This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.
F．However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.
G．New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。早期，人类为了生存，需要冒险精神。这样，人类喜欢冒险的性格特点就延续下来，然而有一部分人可能不喜欢冒险。专家说这可能与我们的大脑活动有关系。
1．F　上句提到值得冒险，而下句说有一些活动让一些人感到享受，却让另一些人害怕，故此处是说衡量风险和回报的标准不同，故选F项。
2．C　上句提到冒险者更擅长捕猎等。C项中的“Being better at”是上句中的“were better at”的复现，故选C项。
3．A　由本段可知人类形成了各种各样的性格类型。你或许喜欢某项冒险活动或许不喜欢。这都是取决于你的性格特点的。最后一句总结本段得出主旨。故选A项。
4．E　上句提到：对冒险活动的热爱在青少年时期有所增长。设空处应该是对青少年时期的说明，且上文中的“during your teenage years”与E项相照应，故选E项。
5．G　根据下文可知，对于冒险者来说，与兴奋有关联的那部分大脑会变得活跃；而对于我们其余的人来说，与恐惧有关联的大脑部分会变得活跃。由此可知，G项“新的大脑研究表明，我们面对紧张的情况时，大脑反应也不同”是对下文的总结，符合语境。故选G项。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·长沙市一中高三月考试卷(二))Looking around the streets of London, you'll see many people on different means of transport, __1__ it's on a commute to work, a trip to the shops, or a sightseeing.
Scooter, this traditional children vehicle __2__ (become) more sophisticated over the past years. And now, __3__ the addition of a small electric motor, it's become a cheap and easy mode of transport. Being fun and not involving much effort, scooting is getting __4__ (increase) popular around the world.
However, safety problems arise. __5__ scooter riders have been seen on pavements; others on the road jumping red traffic lights, adding to the frustration of motorists __6__ (stick) in jams. In the UK, the law states that riding one on the public highway or pavement __7__ (forbid). Now riders, facing a ￡300 fixed­penalty notice and six points on their driving licence for doing so, are calling on __8__ (regulate) to be changed.
Despite the fact that some of them can exceed 30mph, they only have one brake and no lights. __9__ confident the rider may be, larger vehicles on the road make them easily hurt. So it seems more work requires __10__ (do) to give e­scooters a safe and legal space to travel.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了使用滑板车面临着多种危险，需要制度的约束。
1．whether　考查连词。whether ... or ... 表示“是……还是”，表示选择，为固定搭配。
2．has become　考查动词的时态。根据“over the past years”判断要用现在完成时。
3．with　考查介词。在滑板车上增加了一个电机，此处表示“有……，具有……”。
4．increasingly　考查词性转换。此处修饰形容词，故用副词。increasingly表示“逐渐地”。
5．Some　考查代词。与others连用表示“一些……另一些……”。
6．stuck　考查非谓语动词。此处过去分词作定语。
7．is forbidden　考查动词的时态和语态。句意：在机动车道和人行道上骑车是被禁止的。
8．regulations　考查名词。作介词on的宾语，故用名词。
9．However　考查状语从句的连接词。此处引导词连接让步状语从句。
10．doing/to be done　考查非谓语动词。require doing/to be done表示“需要被……”。
Ⅳ.书面表达
假设你是导游，根据以下内容，向游客简单介绍英国的情况。

国家
大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国
首都
伦敦(别称：雾都)
地理位置
欧洲西北部，面向大西洋
人口
约6,600万
面积
24.41万平方千米
气候
冬暖夏凉，整年雨量充足
国情
1.由英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰、北爱尔兰组成；
2.历史悠久，景点很多，如大本钟、格林威治等；
3.世界工业化(industrialize)最早的国家之一，对人类工业化(human industrialization)作出了贡献。

注意：1.可以适当增加细节，使内容连贯；
2．词数100左右。
　
　
　
[精彩范文]
Ladies and gentlemen，
I'm glad to be your guide. Now let me introduce the UK to you.
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland consists of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland in the northwest of Europe, facing the Atlantic Ocean. Therefore, it enjoys warm winters and cool summers with a lot of rainfall throughout the year. It has a total area of 244,100 square kilometers, with a population of about 66 million.
Its capital is London, well known as the City of Fog. Thanks to its long history, it has many places of interest such as Big Ben, Greenwich and so on. Besides, it is among the highly industrialized countries in the world, making great contributions to human industrialization.
I hope you can enjoy yourselves here. Thank you!