2021届高考英语通用版一轮复习考点专讲：考点52完形填空议论文学案

考点52 完形填空议论文
高考频度：★★☆☆☆

议论文是一种通过剖析事物或论述事理来提出主张或发表见解的文体。议论文分为两种，一种是夹叙夹议型，另一种是纯议论型。
议论文是一种剖析事理、论述事物、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章。议论文的目的不仅是客观地解释事物，还力图说服读者相信并接受某一观点。议论文是高考完形填空题中较难的一种体裁，它一般由三个要素组成：论点、论据和结论。做好这类题的关键在于要抓住作者的论点。
议论文中对于论点的提出通常有三种形式：
1. 开门见山，直接提出论点
在有些议论文中作者开头就提出论点，通过论证，最后提出自己的看法，或提出另一个话题供大家讨论。一般来说，这种形式的议论文作者态度明确，我们也能很容易地把握作者对某一件事的看法。
2. 导入式提出论点
在有些议论文中，作者并不是直接提出自己的观点，而是通过对某一现象的论述来赞扬或批评某一事物，进而提出自己的观点，然后再用具体的论据去证明自己的观点。
3. 水到渠成式得出结论
在有些议论文中作者开头只是列举一系列生活中的现象，而不是表明自己的观点，通过对具体现象的分析，最后自然得出结论，而此结论就是文章的论点。
议论文形式的完形填空不像记叙文形式的完形填空那么有情景。因此，我们对整个文章的把握相对来说也难得多。解答这类题要遵循下列原则：
1. 从首尾句入手，抓住中心
议论文的写作思路一般为：提出问题→分析问题→解决问题。因此，文章的第一、二句话通常为文章的主题句，而文章的结尾句常为文章的结论。由此可见，我们必须充分利用文章的首尾句，推测出文章的中心，从而理解全文。
2. 紧扣信息词，把握作者观点
考生要弄清文章的行文逻辑，如转折关系、因果关系、递进关系、对比关系、让步关系、指代关系等。有时文章的第一、二段并不是作者的观点，而是对某个事物的介绍或描述，然后用信息词，如but，however，yet等将自己的观点引出，因此，阅读时一定要特别留意这些信息词。
3. 从语境入手，确定逻辑关系
句与句之间总要反映出因果、假设、条件、类推等逻辑关系。这些逻辑关系常常通过on the one hand, on the other hand, as a result, as a consequence, on the contrary, above all, first of all, secondly, finally, in case等单词或短语表达出来。但有时作者并不使用这些单词或短语，而是将逻辑关系暗含于文章中，这就需要考生根据语境来确定逻辑关系。
4. 理清文章的论点、论据和结论
如果我们连论点、论据、结论都没把握住的话，只能是漫无目的地选择答案了。一般说来，能说明论点的答案可以在论据里得到印证，且作为论点的某些答案也可以与论据有机地结合起来，使论点与论据相辅相承，从而使整篇文章上下一致。如果我们所选的答案前后矛盾，论点与论据相悖，最后的结论与论点自相矛盾，那就说明我们对文章的把握缺乏条理性和系统性，我们就需重新来理顺文章的各部分，直到条理清楚为止，然后再根据自己对文章的把握及各部分的逻辑关系选出答案。

Children and young people tend to have certain role models – people they want to be like when they grow  　1　. Though 　2　children would have wished to copy their mother, father or a (n) 　3　 relative, gradually these role models are thought of as famous people or popular  　4　.
People have different opinions about 　5　popular stars or other famous people are good role models for children. Charming models, such as Katie Price, are often admired and 　6　by young girls. This is the biggest worry of parents and teachers. They wish to  　7　 the concept that success is achieved through hard work and  　8　 rather than an attractive looking.
Most people tend to grow up to be those who are 　9　 home – their parents or family friends. Some decide to be like their favorite teacher. A child who loves to  　10　 may want to grow to be the next Picasso or Van Gogh; Someone who loves to 　11　might imagine themselves as a famous writer; if a child enjoys dancing, he or she  　12　 well admire a famous dancer, but this is not the  　13　. A lot of dance students wish to be like their  　14　 teacher.
Therefore, the job of a teacher is   　15　 just providing knowledge of a given subject. They should be able to  　16　 their students’ trust and    　17　 them well. Helping youngsters to learn from models, to learn how to accept   　18　 with grace and losing with dignity, is central to any parent’s or teacher’s job. Manners are very important and a dance teacher can  　19　 his or her position and influence to   　20　 good behaviors to youngsters.
1. A. younger B. stronger C. older D. taller
2. A. at first B. at last C. at least D. at most
3. A. generous B. humorous C. ordinary D. favorite
4. A. fans B. singers C. stars D. dancers
5. A. that B. whether C. why D. if
6. A. caught up with B. looked down upon C. thought highly of D. made fun of
7. A. hold B. encourage C. receive D. ignore
8. A. luck B. effort C. imagination D. creativity
9. A. similar to B. far from C. close to D. different from
10. A. read and write B. sing and dance C. draw and paint D. listen and speak
11. A. dance B. think C. sing D. read
12. A. may B. should C. must D. need
13. A. case B. trouble C. matter D. deal
14. A. art B. music C. piano D. dance
15. A. better than B. more than C. rather than D. less than
16. A. accept B. lose C. receive D. gain
17. A. negotiate with B. communicate with C. keep up with D. put up with
18. A. challenging B. failing C. winning D. falling
19. A. take charge of B. lose control of C. get rid of D. make use of
20. A. introduce B. press C. turn D. push
【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。很多青少年都将名人或明星作为自己的偶像。人们对这种现象持不同观点。作者认为，作为教师或家长，他们的中心任务就是要引导青少年正确的向偶像学习，以正确的态度对待成功和失败。
1.C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。young年轻的；strong强壮的，结实的；old老的；tall高的。由语境可知，孩子和年轻人都有自己的偶像。他们长大之后想成为像自己偶像那样的人。故C选项切题。
2.A【解析】考查短语辨析。at first起初；at last最后；at least至少；at most至多。由后文的＂gradually＂可知，起初，孩子们会把自己的父母或亲戚作为自己的偶像。故A选项正确。
3.D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。generous慷慨的；humorous幽默的；ordinary普通的；favorite最喜欢的。由语境可知，孩子把亲戚作为自己的偶像，由此可以推知，这个亲戚肯定是他最喜欢的。故D选项切题。
4.C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。fan迷；singer歌手；star明星，星星；dancer跳舞者，舞蹈演员。由语境可知，逐渐地，孩子的偶像就会变成名人或明星。故C选项切题。下文第一句中亦有提示。
5.B【解析】考查宾语从句。由语境可知，人们对于以名人或明星作为偶像是否对孩子们好持不同观点。故B选项切题。
6.C【解析】考查动词短语辨析。catch up with赶上；look down upon看不起；think highly of高度赞扬；make fun of取笑。该空和前面的admire并列，年轻的女孩子们对Katie Price评价很高，经常赞美她，以她为偶像。故C选项切题。
7.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。hold拿，握；encourage鼓励；receive收到；ignore忽略。由语境可知，父母希望鼓励这样一个观念：成功是通过努力获得的而不是通过迷人的外表获得的。故B选项切题。
8.B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。luck运气；effort努力；imagination想象力；creativity创造力。该空和前面的hard work并列，故B选项切题。成功是通过努力获得的。B选项切题。
9.C【解析】考查形容词短语辨析。similar to与……相似；far from远离……；close to离……近；different from和……不同。由后文的their parents or family friends可知，大部分人长大之后往往成为和自己离得近的人。故C选项切题。
10.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。read and write读写；sing and dance唱歌跳舞；draw and paint画画和绘画；listen and speak听和写。Picasso or Van Gogh都是画家的名字，故可知，喜欢画画的孩子希望成为下一个毕加索或梵高。C选项切题。
11.D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。dance跳舞；think想，认为；sing唱；read读。由后文的＂writer＂可知，喜欢阅读的人希望自己成为一名作家。故D选项切题。
12.A【解析】考查情态动词。may可能，可以；should应该；must必须；need需要，必要。may well意为＂很可能＂。一个喜欢跳舞的人很可能想成为一名著名的舞蹈家。故A选项切题。
13.A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。case情况，案例，病例；trouble麻烦；matter事情，问题，物质；deal协定，交易，大量。由语境可知，情况并非总是如此。A选项切题。
14.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。art艺术；music音乐；piano钢琴；dance舞蹈。很多学舞蹈的学生希望成为像他们舞蹈老师那样的人。故D选项切题。
15.B【解析】考查短语辨析。better than比……好；more than超过，比……多；rather than 而不是；less than比……少。由语境可知，老师的工作不仅仅只是向学生传授知识。B选项切题。
16.D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。accept接受；lose失去；receive收到；gain获得。由语境可知，老师应该能够获得学生的信任。故D选项切题。
17.B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。negotiate with和……谈判，协商；communicate with和……交流；keep up with 跟上；put up with容忍，忍受。由语境可知，老师应该获得学生的信任并且和学生进行良好的交流。故B选项切题。
18.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。challenge挑战；fail失败；win获胜；fall落下，摔倒。由语境可知，教师或者父母的中心职责就是要帮助青少年像偶像学习，教给他们如何优雅地接受胜利，如何在失败的时候保持尊严。win和后文的lose对应。故C选项切题。
19.D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。take charge of负责，管理；lose control of失去对……的控制；get rid of摆脱，除去；make use of利用。由语境可知，舞蹈老师可以利用自己的职位和影响将好的行为介绍给青少年。故D选项切题。
20.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。introduce介绍，引入；press按，压；turn翻转，转动；push推，逼迫。结合上一题解析可知，A选项切题。


题组一（高考真题）
Cloze 1(2015·福建卷)
One of the easiest things in the world is to become a fault-finder. However, life can be 1　 when you are not busy finding fault with it.
Several years ago I 　2　 a letter from seventeen-year-old Kerry, who described herself as a world-class fault-finder, almost always 　3　 by things. People were always doing things that annoyed her, and 　4　 was ever good enough. She was highly self-critical and also found fault with her friends. She became a really 　5　 person.
Unfortunately, it took a horrible accident to change her 　6　. Her best friend was seriously hurt in a car crash. What made it almost 　7　 to deal with was that the day before the 　8　, Kerry had visited her friend and had spent the whole time criticizing her 　9　 of boyfriends, the way she was living, the way she related to her mother, and various other things she felt she needed to 　10　. It wasn’t until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became 　11　 her habit of finding fault. Very quickly, she learned to appreciate life rather than to 　12　 everything so harshly(刻薄). She was able to transfer her new wisdom to other parts of her 　13　 as well.
Perhaps most of us aren’t as extreme at fault-finding, 　14　 when we’re honest, we can be sharply 　15　 of the world. I’m not suggesting you 　16　 problems, or that you pretend things are 　17　 than they are, but simply that you learn to allow things to be as they are — 　18　 most of the time, and especially when it’s not a really big 　19　.
Train yourself to ＂bite your tongue＂, and with a little 　20　, you’ll get really good at letting things go. And when you do, you’ll get back your enthusiasm and love for life.
1. A. lonely B. great C. quiet D. uneasy
2. A. received B. answered C. expected D. rejected
3. A. threatened B. interrupted C. bothered D. spoiled
4. A. anything B. everything C. something D. nothing
5. A. caring B. boring C. interesting D. surprising
6. A. attitude B. plan C. measure D. explanation
7. A. urgent B. unnecessary C. certain D. impossible
8. A. occasion B. event C. accident D. adventure
9. A. memory B. notice C. evidence D. choice
10. A. hear B. contribute C. express D. admit
11. A. aware of B. afraid of C. curious about D. confused about
12. A. discuss B. realize C. judge D. settle
13. A. family B. life C. career D. education
14. A. so B. or C. but D. for
15. A. proud B. sure C. hopeful D. critical
16. A. face B. create C. solve D. ignore
17. A. rarer B. better C. stranger D. worse
18. A.at least B.at last C.by far D.so far
19. A. task B. deal C. result D. duty
20. A. practice B. speech C. rest D. pity
Cloze 2 (2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)
As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine (常规) basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this 　1　at work in people of all 　2　.For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about 　3　with their new toys. But their 　4　soon wears off and by January those 　5　toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of 　6　stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someone’s 　7　interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child 　8　bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the 　9　of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescents enter high school with great 　10　but are soon looking forward to 　11　.The same is true of the young adults going to college. And then, how many 　12　, who now complain (抱怨) about the long drives to work, 　13　drove for hours at a time when they first 　14　their driver’s licenses(执照)?Before people retire, they usually 　15　to do a lot of 　16　things, which they never had 　17　to do while working. But 　18　after retirement, the golfing, the fishing, the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they 　19　.And, like the child in January, they go searching for new 　20　.
1. A. principle B. habit C. way D. power
2. A. parties B. races C. countries D. ages
3. A. working B. living C. playing D. going
4. A. confidence B. interest C. anxiety D. sorrow
5. A. same B. extra C. funny D. expensive
6. A. well-organized B. colorfully-printed C. newly-collected D. half-filled
7. A. broad B. passing C. different D. main
8. A. silently B. impatiently C. gladly D. worriedly
9. A. promise B. burden C. right D. game
10. A. courage B. calmness C. confusion D. excitement
11. A. graduation B. independence C. responsibility D. success
12. A. children B. students C. adults D. retirees
13. A. carefully B. eagerly C. nervously D. bravely
14. A. required B. obtained C. noticed D. discovered
15. A. need B. learn C. start D. plan
16. A. great B. strange C. difficult D. correct
17. A. time B. money C. skills D. knowledge
18. A. only B. well C. even D. soon
19. A. lost B. chose C. left D. quit
20. A. pets B. toys C. friends D. colleagues
题组二（2017年名校模拟题）
Cloze 1(2019届山西省四校高三联考)
Imagine that your life is like a treasure hunt. One day, a particular goal 1 your attention and you decide to 2 on a treasure hunt. You begin the long hike and encounter a 3 or two along the way. Already the 4 path is starting to look different from the buried treasure that you have been imagining. Things get 5 when you finally arrive at the spot. You say to yourself, “This doesn't look like the treasure I 6 imagined! I must be on the wrong path. I 7 all this time！”
You wonder，“Hmm ... maybe I should 8 goals？” after thinking for a few moments. It's 9 to feel a sense of disappointment or 10 when this occurs, but I think the deeper problem is 11 in how we approached the treasure in the first place.
The 12 is that most people spend all of their time thinking about the treasure. The fastest way to get to a particular spot, 13 ， is to set your compass and start walking. The idea here is to commit to your goal with the strongest 14 . Develop a clear, single－minded 15 for where you are. And then 16 all of your energy to the journey and be committed to the path you are walking.
In other words, your goal becomes your compass, not your buried treasure. The goal is your 17 ， not your destination. The goal is a mission that you are on, a path that you 18 . That is just fine and worthwhile,
19 comes from that path. It is the commitment to walking the path that 20 .
1. A. reminds B. turns C. pays D. grabs
2. A. set out B. work out C. give out D. turn out
3. A. challenge B. misfortune C. story D. surprise
4. A. smooth B. actual C. narrow D. false
5. A. better B. more complex C. more relaxing D. worse
6. A. hardly B. usually C. previously D. normally
7. A. forgot B. wasted C. valued D. managed
8. A. attain B. assess C. switch D. achieve
9. A. natural B. necessary C. obvious D. strange
10. A. failure B. confusion C. shame D. ignorance
11. A. buffed B. lost C. absorbed D. rooted
12. A. evidence B. lesson C. truth D. problem
13. A. anyway B. however C. otherwise D. therefore
14. A. belief B. feelings C. support D. nerves
15. A. habit B. desire C. focus D. interest
16. A. preserve B. improve C. research D. devote
17. A. dream B. motto C. direction D. schedule
18. A. follow B. show C. recommend D. demand
19. A. whichever B. whatever C. whoever D. whenever
20. A. deserves B. counts C. works D. gathers
Cloze 2(江西省宜春市奉新县第一中学等四校高三联考)
What is time? Is it a thing to be saved or 　1　or wasted, like money? Or is it something we have no control 　2　, like the weather? Is time the same all over the world? That's an easy question, you say.  　3　you go, a minute is 60 seconds, an hour is 60 minutes, a day is 24 hours, and so forth. Well, maybe. But in America, time is 　4　that. Americans see time as a valuable 　5　. Maybe that's why they are 　6　of the expression, ＂Time is money. ＂
To Americans, punctuality is a way of showing 　7　for other people's time. Being more than 10 minutes late to an appointment usually 　8　an apology, and maybe an explanation. People 　9　are running late often call ahead to let others know of the 　10　. Of course, the less formal the situation, the less important it is to be exactly 　11　. At informal get-togethers, 　12　, people often arrive as much as 30 minutes past the 　13　time. But they usually don't try that at work.
American lifestyles show 　14　people respect the time of others. When people plan an event, they often 　15　the time days or weeks in advance. Once the time is fixed, it takes almost a(n) 　16　to change it. If people want to come to your house for a friendly visit, they will usually 　17　first to make sure it is convenient. Only very close friends will just 　18　unannounced. Also, people hesitate to call others late at night for fear they 　19　be in bed. The time may vary, but most folks think 　20　about calling after 10:00 p. m.
1. A. bought B. ignored C. spent D. killed
2. A. over B. in C. with D. for
3. A. However B. Whenever C. Whatever D. Wherever
4. A. less than B. no more than C. not more than D. more than
5. A. resource B. material C. source D. factor
6. A. short B. fond C. crazy D. enthusiastic
7. A. preference B. mercy C. respect D. hatred
8. A. calls for B. arises from C. makes for D. results from
9. A. whom B. which C. who D. whose
10. A. time B. result C. explanation D. delay
11. A. in time B. on time C. ahead of time D. over time
12.A. such as B. in a word C. for example D. as usual
13. A. assigned B. appointed C. approved D. assessed
14. A. how many B. how far C. how much D. how soon
15. A. set B. prepare C. use D. quit
16. A. emergency B. pleasure C. period D. emotion
17. A. write B. claim C. inform D. call
18. A. drop out B. drop by C. drop off D. drop behind
19. A. must B. might C. need D. shall
20.A. first B. last C. once D. twice
Cloze 3(安徽省＂皖南八校＂高三联考 )
People are always asking what the most important element to a healthy relationship is. The 　1　is there are many. But there is one really important thing that all great and healthy relationships have in common — 　2　. Yes, of course, there are some little 　3　lies even in the best of relationships- 　4　surprises or unexpected birthday parties-but the truth is that happy couples communicate honestly and don't 　5　to protect their own interests. So how can you have more open 　6　in your own relationship?
First, remember that honesty is the best policy even 　7　your partner might not like what you have to say. Yes, it may be 　8　to tell your guy that you don't like one of his friends. But Lying or holding things 　9　will make things worse in the long run.
The next thing to be 　10　is to say what you have to say 　11　. If your partner feels　12　,he will be less  　13　to what you have to say and may even become defensive. Your delivery is of utmost importance when you are discussing sensitive issues. Think through what you want to say 　14　before you bring it up. You don't want to 　15　the person that you love. You just want them to be 　16　of the truth.
One last thing to keep in mind about communicating openly is that it enhances your relationship. If you aren't honest about any dirty little 　17　you may have, they will probably come up eventually and 　18　you in the backside. And if you keep things to yourself, your relationship will not be based on the truth, which  　19　a solid foundation. Hard  　20　the truth may be sometimes, honesty really is the best policy.
1. A. phenomenon B. truth C. theory D. evidence
2. A. honesty B. enthusiasm C. cooperation D. persistence
3. A. red B. purple C. white D. black
4. A. security B. privilege C. anniversary D. ambition
5. A. lie B. bargain C. complain D. interact
6. A. appreciation B. reputation C. selection D. communication
7. A. why B. when C. how D. where
8. A. tough B. immediate C. complicated D. plain
9. A. in B. on C. above D. back
10. A. serious about B. proud of C. expert at D. worthy of
11. A. obviously B. rudely C. nicely D. smoothly
12. A. puzzled B. attacked C. astonished D. satisfied
13. A. creative B. relative C. sensitive D. receptive
14. A. slightly B. thoroughly C. frequently D. briefly
15. A. suspect B. convince C. insult D. frighten
16. A. afraid B. aware C. ashamed D. capable
17. A. uniforms B. secrets C. blankets D. courts
18.A. train B. consult C. understand D. bite
19. A. picks out B. turns on C. makes for D. comes across
20. A. although B. while C. until D. as

题组一
Cloze 1
【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。文章通过讲述Kerry从一个吹毛求疵的人变为一个学会感恩生活的人，告诉我们＂要管好你的嘴＂，寻回昔日对生活的热情。
1.B 【解析】从下文内容可知，本文作者不赞同人们老是挑毛病，所以用great表示当你不忙于挑毛病时生活会很精彩。
2.A 【解析】receive a letter from sb. ＂收到某人的来信＂。
3.C 【解析】根据下文的＂People were always doing things that annoyed her＂(人们做的事总是惹她生气)可知，此处用bother表示＂使(某人)烦恼＂。
4.D【解析】根据and前面的句子可知，此处表示＂没有一件事情她觉得好＂，所以用nothing。
5.B 【解析】此处用boring表示＂令人厌烦的＂。
6.A 【解析】根据下文可知，这场意外改变了她的态度。attitude ＂态度＂。
7.D 【解析】事故发生前一天Kerry拜访了她的这个朋友并一直挑朋友的毛病。据此可知，这使得事情几乎无法应对。
8.C【解析】根据上文的＂it took a horrible accident＂ 可知，此处选C。
9.D 【解析】 Kerry批评她的朋友对男朋友的选择。choice ＂选择＂。
10.C 【解析】空处所在的句子是定语从句，various other things 是先行词，关系词that/which 代替先行词在从句中作宾语，所以用express＂表达＂。
11.A 【解析】直到她的朋友严重受伤Kerry才意识到她挑毛病的习惯。aware of ＂意识到＂；afraid of ＂害怕＂；curious about ＂好奇＂；confused about ＂感到困惑＂。
12. C 【解析】 judge ＂判断，评价＂。此处judge … harshly和上文的＂appreciate life＂形成对比。
13. B【解析】她也能够把她的新智慧转移到她生活的其他方面。
14. C【解析】上下文是转折关系，所以用but。
15. D 【解析】be critical of 和find fault with是同义短语。
16. D【解析】根据上下文可知，不挑剔并不意味着忽视问题。ignore ＂忽视＂。
17. B【解析】或者假装事情比真实情况要好。
18. A【解析】至少大多数时候是这样的。at least ＂至少＂。
19. B 【解析】a big deal是固定搭配，含义为＂重要的事情＂。
20. A【解析】根据上下文可知，要做到这一点需要的是少量的训练。practice ＂练习，训练＂。
Cloze 2
【文章大意】本文通过举例说明这样一个道理：各种形式的活动，如果人们经常做，都会产生厌倦情绪。
1.A 【解析】其实，我们可从各年龄段的人们身上看到这个准则是如何起作用的。第一段的第一句出现短语As a general rule，本空填principle呼应名词rule。
2.D 【解析】各年龄段的人都会产生厌倦情绪。从下文可知，孩子厌倦玩具、少年厌倦高中、青年厌倦大学、成年人厌倦开车、老年人厌倦退休后的生活。因此本空填ages。
3.C 【解析】在圣诞节早上，孩子们一开始很喜欢玩(playing)他们的新玩具。
4.B 【解析】但是，不久他们对新玩具的兴趣(interest)逐渐消失了。
5.A 【解析】到了一月，同样的(same)玩具再也不能吸引孩子们了，他们就把那些玩具收起来了。
6.D 【解析】生活中满是装满一半(half-filled)邮票的集邮册和没有完工的模型。后文的＂unfinished＂是关键信息。
7.B 【解析】这些东西说明很多人曾经喜欢某一件事，结果半途而废。他们的兴趣是短暂的(passing)。故选B。 
8.C 【解析】当父母带回家一个宠物时，孩子高兴地(gladly)为它洗澡、刷它的毛。
9.B 【解析】但是，过不了多久，照顾动物的重担(burden)又被移交给了父母。
10.D 【解析】青少年带着极大的兴奋之情(excitement)进入高中。
11.A 【解析】但是，不久他们就盼望着毕业(graduation)。
12.C 【解析】前句中的young adults暗示下文谈论的是成年人。根据文意可知，抱怨每天开车上班花费时间长的人， 应该是成年人。
13.B 【解析】而当他们刚刚拿到驾照时，他们翘首企盼(eagerly)一次开好几个小时。eagerly＂渴望地＂，符合文意。
14.B 【解析】obtain＂得到＂。这里指考取驾照。
15.D 【解析】在退休前，人们通常计划(plan)做很多事情。
16.A 【解析】这些事情是他们上班时没有时间做的大事(great things)。
17.A 【解析】参见上题解析。他们上班太忙了，没有时间(time)做这些事情。
18.D 【解析】但是，退休后不久(soon)，像打高尔夫、钓鱼、阅读及其他所有的消遣方式都变得没有意思了。
19.C 【解析】那些消遣方式就像他们刚离开(leave)的工作一样，非常乏味。
20.B 【解析】这些退休老人遭遇的处境，就像一月的孩子一样，开始找新玩具(toys)，寻求刺激了。
题组二
Cloze 1
【文章大意】本文为议论文。生活就像一次寻宝之旅，到头来我们会发现所寻之物并非所愿。问题的根源在于一开始我们就没有弄清楚该如何接近宝藏。在方向确定后，目标是指南针不再是宝藏；目标是方向，不再是归宿；目标是使命，是选择的道路。忠诚于自己所选的道路，尽心尽力，风雨兼程。
1.D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：某天，一个特定的目标吸引你的注意。A. remind提醒；B. turn翻，转动；C. pay支付；D. grab抓。根据语言习惯，我们一般说吸引注意力，选项中和此意义最接近的是grab。故选D项。
2.A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：你决定动身踏上这次寻宝之旅。A. set out动身；启程; B. work out解决，锻炼，算出；C. give out分发，耗尽；D. turn out证明是，结果是。根据上下文可知A选项符合语境。故选A项。
3.A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：你开始长途跋涉的旅程，途中也会遭遇一两个挑战。A. challenge挑战；B. misfortune不幸；C. story故事；D. surprise惊喜。由后文中的“is starting to look different from the buried treasure”中的“different”以及“I must be on the wrong path”中的“wrong”可知，寻宝之旅遭受了挑战(challenge)。故选A项。
4.B 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：至此，你发现实际的道路和你之前想象的寻宝指路不一样。A. smooth平坦的；B. actual实际上的；C. narrow窄的；D. false错误的。由下文的path is starting to look different from the buried treasure that you have been imagining”可知，正在走的道路也就是现实的道路和你之前想象的不一样。故选B项。
5.D 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当你达到目的地时事情变得更糟糕了。A. better更好；B. more complex更复杂；C. more relaxing更令人放松；D. worse更糟糕。从下文中的“I must be on the wrong path”我肯定走错了路，判断出发生了不好的事情。故选D项。
6.C 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这和我之前想象的宝藏完全不一样。A. hardly几乎不；B. usually通常；C. previously之前；D. normally正常。根据事情发展的逻辑关系，想象在先，看到真相在后。故选C项。
7.B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我肯定走错了路，这次的时间都给浪费了。A. forget忘记；B. waste浪费；C. value珍惜；D. manage设法，管理。根据句意可知，走了错路，没有找到自己要找的东西，那时间也就白白浪费了。故选B项。
8.C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：或许我应该改变目标。A. attain实现，获得；B. assess评估；C. switch改变；D. achieve实现。根据上文可知，没有找到宝藏，故认为自己应该改变目标，这符合语境。故选C项。
9.A 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：想了片刻后我觉得因为没有找到宝藏而感到失望是正常的。A. natural自然而然的；B. necessary必要的；C. obvious明显的；D. strange奇怪的。根据行文逻辑可知，因为不开心的事感到失落是人之常情。故选A项。
10.B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当事情发生时你感到失落和困惑。A. failure失败；B. confusion困惑；C. shame羞愧；D. ignorance无知。从前文中的maybe I should switch my goal，尤其是maybe可知这是一种疑惑。故选B项。
11.D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是我觉得更深层的问题是我们一开始就没有弄清楚如何接近宝藏。A. buffed擦亮；B. lost丢失；C. absorbed吸收；D. rooted源于，生根于。根据语境可知，作者在分析没有找到宝藏的根本原因，所以D选项更贴近句意。故选D项。
12.D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题就在于大多数的人花了终生的时间来想宝藏。A. evidence证据；B. lesson教训，课；C. truth真相；D. problem问题。根据上下文可知，花了时间在次要的事情上，是不能找到宝藏的真正问题，所以D选项切合句意。故选D。
13.B 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，到达藏宝地最快的方式是设置好指南针然后出发。A. anyway无论如何；B. however然而；C. otherwise否则；D. therefore因此。联系上下文可知，该句和上句是转折关系。故选B项。
14.A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的想法是：要带着信念坚定的走下去。A. belief信念，信仰；B. feelings感情；C. support支持；D. nerves神经。根据语言表达习惯，要完成一个困难的目标必须要信心或信念，所以A选项符合句意。故选A。
15.C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：你要专注于往哪里去，然后坚定地走下去。A. habit习惯；B. desire渴望；C. focus专注；焦点；D. interest兴趣。从后文中的be committed to the path you are walking“专注于/致力于你所走的路”可知，focus可以本句相呼应。故选C项。
16.D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后对于你的选择倾尽全力，并专注地走下去。A. preserve保存；B. improve改进；C. research研究；D. devote奉献。短语devote to 意为“奉献”和尽心尽力，倾尽全力最为接近。故选D项。
17.C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：目标是你地方向，而不是归宿。A. dream梦想；B. motto箴言；C. direction方向；D. schedule日程。从后句中的destination可判断此处应该是方向。故选C项。
18.A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：目标是你执行的使命，是一条你要遵循的路。A. follow 跟随，遵循；B. show表现；C. recommend推荐；D. demand要求。根据上下文，follow the path更切合句意。故选A项。
19.B 【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：不论这条道路上有什么，那都很好，也很值得。A. whichever无论哪一个；B. whatever无论什么；C. whoever无论谁；D. whenever无论何时。此处让步状语从句缺少主语成分，所以排除D选项。再联系上下文，出现在“道路”上的应该是事物，且没有既定范围，所以排除AD选项。故选B项。
20.B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：忠于自己选择的路那才是重要的。A. deserves值得；B. counts重要，数；C. works工作，起作用；D. gathers聚集，集合。结合本句句意可知，此处要表达专注于选择的重要性。故选B项。
Cloze 2
【文章大意】本文讲述了美国人对于时间的态度。
1.C 【解析】考查动词。根据句意＂时间就像钱一样，是可以被节约或花费或浪费的东西吗？＂，故选C项。A项bought表＂买＂，B项ignored表＂忽视；不理睬＂，D项kill表＂杀死；消磨（时间等）＂。
2.A 【解析】考查固定短语，have control over…是固定短语，表＂控制……＂，故选A项。
3.D 【解析】考查连词。根据前两句＂Is time the same all over the world? That's an easy question, you say. ＂可知，此处应表示地点，故选D项，wherever引导让步状语从句，表＂不论在……的地方＂。
4.D 【解析】考查固定短语。该空所在的句子用＂But＂表示转折，此处应表示＂在美国，时间并不仅仅是那样（more than that）＂，选D项。A项less than＂少于＂，B项no more than＂不仅仅＂，C项not more than＂不超过＂。
5.A 【解析】考查名词。根据句意＂美国人把时间看作是宝贵的资源＂，故选A项resource。B项material
＂材料＂，C项source＂来源＂，D项factor＂因素＂。
6.B 【解析】考查形容词。上一句提到＂美国人将时间看作是一种宝贵的资源＂，因此他们喜欢＂Time is money＂这样的一句话，故选B 项，be fond of…＂喜欢……＂。A项be short of…＂缺少……＂，C项crazy搭配介词about，表＂迷恋……＂，D项enthusiastic搭配介词about，表＂热衷于……＂。
7.C 【解析】考查名词。根据句意＂对美国人来说，准时是表示他们尊重别人时间的一种方式＂，故选C项respect。A项preference表＂偏好＂，B项mercy表＂仁慈＂，D项hatred表＂憎恨＂均不合题意。
8.A 【解析】考查动词短语。结合上句，美国人准时是尊重别人的时间，故比约定时间迟到十分钟以上就需要道歉或者做出解释，故选A项calls for（需要；要求）。B项arise from表＂由……引起＂，C项makes for表＂有助于，促进＂，D项results from表＂由……引起＂。
9.C 【解析】考查定语从句。根据句子结构可知，该空与are running late构成主谓结构，位于名词people之后，是定语从句。定语从句缺少作主语的指人的引导词，故用C项who。
10.D 【解析】考查名词。结合句意，那些比预期晚到的人通常会提前打电话，为的是告知对方自己会耽搁，故选D项delay。A项time＂时间＂，B项result＂结果＂，C项explanation＂解释＂。
11.B 【解析】考查介词短语。结合下句可知在非正式聚会时，人们通常会比预定时间迟到三十分钟，故场合越不正式，准时就越不重要，选B项on time。A项in time表＂及时＂，C项ahead of time表＂提前＂，D项over time表＂经过一段时间＂。
12.C 【解析】考查介词短语。根据句意可知，该句是对上句的举例说明，故选C项for example＂例如＂。A项such as＂例如＂，但其后面应加名词或代词，而不能是一个句子；B项in a word＂总之＂；D项as usual＂像往常一样＂。
13.B 【解析】考查动词。根据句意，人们在非正式聚会时会比约定的时间迟长达三十分钟的时间，故选B项appointed，appointed time表＂约定的时间＂。 A项＂assigned＂＂分配；指派＂；C项approved＂批准；赞成＂；D项assessed＂评定＂。
14.C 【解析】考查宾语从句。根据结构可知该空是宾语从句的引导词；结合句意，表示美国人尊重别人时间的程度，故用C项how much。A项how many表数量；B项how far表距离；D项how soon表时间，＂多久＂。
15.A 【解析】考查动词。结合下句＂once the time is fixed＂可知，人们在计划一件事时，通常会提前几天或几周设定日期，故用A项set。
16.A 【解析】考查名词。人们计划一件事时，需提前定日期，故一旦时间定好了，要改变就不容易了，或许要有突发事件的发生，选A项emergency。B项pleasure＂快乐＂；C项period＂时期＂；D项emotion＂情感＂。
17.D 【解析】考查动词。根据生活常识，要去别人家做客，首先应打电话问问对方是否方便，故选D项call。
18.B 【解析】考查动词短语。本句和上句都是关于到别人家拜访，本句表示＂只有关系密切的朋友才会不事先通知便去拜访（drop by），选B项。A项drop out表＂辍学＂；C项drop off表＂下降；减弱＂；D项drop behind表＂落后；落伍＂。
19.B 【解析】考查情态动词。结合句意，人们在晚上很晚的时候给别人打电话也会犹豫，担心对方或许休息了，表不太肯定的推测用might。
20.D 【解析】考查固定短语。think twice是固定结构，表示＂三思＂。
Cloze 3
【文章大意】文章介绍人际交往中一个重要的原则——要以诚相待。
1.B 【解析】根据下文＂but the truth is that happy couples communicate honestly＂可知，真相有很多。truth真相。故选B。
2.A 【解析】根据下文＂communicate honestly＂可知，但是有一个真正重要的，所有非常好的和健康的关系共同具备的东西是诚实。honesty诚实。故选A。
3.C 【解析】根据下文＂but the truth is that happy couples communicate honestly＂是的，当然，即使在最好的关系中也有一些小小的善意的谎言。white lies善意的谎言。故选C。
4.C 【解析】根据下文＂unexpected birthday parties＂可知，这里是周年的惊喜或者出乎意料的生日宴会。anniversary周年。故选C。
5.A 【解析】根据上文＂there are some little       lies＂可知，但是事实是幸福的夫妇会坦诚沟通，不会为了保护他们自己的利益而撒谎。lie撒谎。故选A。
6.D 【解析】根据下文＂One last thing to keep in mind about communicating openly＂可知，那么你怎样才能在你自己的关系中进行更坦率的交流呢？communication交流。故选D。
7.B 【解析】句意：首先要记住即使当你的伙伴也许不喜欢你不得不说的内容时，诚实仍然是最上策。when当……时候。故选B。
8.A 【解析】根据下文＂that you don't like one of his friends. ＂可知，也许告诉你的伙伴你不喜欢他的其中一位朋友有困难。tough困难的。故选A。
9.D 【解析】根据下文＂make things worse＂可知，但是从长远来看，撒谎或者隐瞒事情会让事情变得更糟糕。hold back隐瞒。故选D。
10.A 【解析】句意：下一个要认真对待的是要好好地说你必须要说的。serious about对……认真。故选A。
11.C 【解析】根据下文＂If your partner feels      ,he will be less      to what you have to say and may even become defensive. ＂可知，下一个要认真对待的是要好好地说你必须要说的。nicely好好地。故选C。
12.B 【解析】根据下文＂may even become defensive. ＂可知，如果你的伙伴感到受到攻击，他会更不愿意接纳你必须说的，而且甚至会变得有所防卫。attack攻击。故选B。
13.D 【解析】根据下文＂to what you have to say＂可知，他会更不愿意接纳你必须说的。receptive接受的。故选D。
14.B 【解析】句意：在你谈到某事之前，彻底地想清楚你想要说的。thoroughly完全地，彻底地。故选B。
15.C 【解析】根据下文＂You just want them to be       of the truth. ＂可知，你不想侮辱你爱的那个人。insult侮辱。故选C。
16.B 【解析】句意：你只是想他们知晓真相。aware意识到。故选B。
17.B 【解析】根据下文＂if you keep things to yourself,＂可知，如果你对于你也许有的任何不雅的小秘密不坦诚的话，它们可能最终会出现，咬你的后背。secrets故选B。
18.D 【解析】根据下文＂in the backside＂可知，它们可能最终会出现，咬你的后背。bite咬。故选D。
19.C 【解析】句意：如果你把事情藏在心底，你的关系不是建立在事实之上，而事实有助于建立坚实的基础。make for导致，有助于，走向。故选C。
20.D 【解析】句意：尽管真相有时候可能会不近人情，但是诚实确实是最上策。使用as引导的倒装句，表示让步状语。故选D。