2021新课标名师导学高考英语译林版第一轮总复习讲义：选修11Units1－4

Module 11

Units 1－4


对应学生用书p154
项目
内　容
核心单词
单词拼写(根据汉语提示完成句子)
1.Though scientists have learned a lot about the ____________ (宇宙)，there is much we still don't know.

2.The more roads and ____________ (停车) lots we pave，the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.

3.The concentration of gold and other precious metals was higher in so­called e­waste than in naturally occurring ____________ (矿物质).

4.He needs to ____________ (提高) up before the Olympic trials.

5.There were ____________ (众多的) diving spots in the area and Larry was determined to visit all of them.

6.One ____________ (有创业精神的) farmer opened up his field as a car park and charged people $10 to park there.

7.She accepted the criticism with ____________(尊严).

8.However，Tom，a ____________ (自信的) student，failed，which was a pity.

9.I think this is simply because people are naturally ____________ (保守的) and do not like change.

10.As a senior next year，I think extra periods should be used to take ____________ (可选的) subjects.

[答案]

1.universe　2.parking　3.minerals　4.sharpen　5.numerous　6.enterprising　7.dignity　8.self­confident

9.conservative　10.optional

重点短语
中译英
1.合适，适宜________________________________　　　　2.乐于____________________________________

3.考虑到________________________ 4.从事，着手干 ____________

5.直视某人，正视某人 ______________ 6.随……而产生 ____________

7.与……相符____________ 8.采取后续行动____________

9.未多加思考地____________ 10.退出____________

11.快速成功，突然流行____________　　 12.投身于，积极从事____________

13.全身心地____________ 14.行将就木，奄奄一息____________

15.作为对……的回应、答复____________ 16.过世，去世 ____________

17.公布，广播，出版____________ 18.供自由取用____________

19.使某人略占优势 ____________ 20.轻而易举____________

21.组装，汇集____________ 22.化险为夷 ____________

23.积蓄，攒钱____________ 24.回避(困难等)____________

25.有所隐瞒______________ 26.隔靴搔痒____________

27.心慌，紧张____________ 28.热切地开始做某事____________

[答案]

1.be suited to　2.take pleasure in　3.make allowance(s) for　4.go about　5.look sb. in the eye

6.come with　7.correspond with　8.follow something up　9.off the top of one's head　10.pull out　11.take off

12.throw oneself into　13.with every fibre of your being　14.on one's last legs　15.in response to　16.pass away

17.put out　18.for the taking　19.give sb.the edge　20.as easy as pie　21.put together　22.land on one's feet　23.put sth.away　24.shrink from (doing) sth.　25.be economical with the truth　26.scratch the surface

27.have butterflies in one's stomach　28.dive (right) in

句型操练·背诵与仿写
1.It is no wonder that many people，especially young women，see the job of a stewardess as an attractive one.(P98，A)
仿写　她一心一意地关心学生，怪不得大家视其为自己的母亲。

She cares for the students with every fibre of her being. It is ________________________ their own mother.

2.It's not like a painful trip to the dentist，so there's no need to be afraid.(P18，L21­22)

仿写　那是一台普通的电脑。你没必要花那么多钱。

That is an ordinary computer. There is __________________________________ getting it.

3.Every day，I make a point of saying hello to all my staff and spending time listening to their ideas and opinions.(P38，A)

仿写　他很重视上课时听老师讲解，以便课后能抽些时间做运动。

He __________________________________ in class so that he __________________________________ after class.

4.You must have faith in yourself and in your ability to succeed，otherwise you are not very likely to win，or even to try.(P43，C)

仿写　他们都很自信，都相信自己有获胜的能力，所以不久以后他们都考上了名牌大学。

They had all ________________________________，so all of them ________________________________ famous universities before long.

[答案]

1.no wonder (that) all of them see her as

2.no need for you to spend so / that much money

3.makes a point of listening to the teacher；can spare some time for sports

4.faith in themselves and in their ability to win；were admitted into / went to





对应学生用书p155
☆重点单词☆
1．stress (stresses / stressed / stressed / stressing)
n．紧张，压力；v.强调，着重
The English teacher laid particular stress on the need of reading aloud.
英语老师特别强调大声朗读的重要性。
As is known to us all，things can easily go wrong when people are under stress.
众所周知，人们在有压力的情况下，做事容易出差错。
He stressed the importance of a good education.
他强调了接受良好教育的重要性。
同/ 近义词：
emphasize
必记搭配：
lay / place stress on 注重
put great stress on... 在……上施加压力，给……施加压力
I must stress that... 我得强调……
(be) under great stress 有巨大的压力

完成句子：
①When you are ____________， you are also likely to break the habit of being lazy.
当你有压力的时候，你也有可能改掉慵懒的习惯。
②Thirdly，fishing is relaxing and fun so it________________________________________________________________________.
第三，钓鱼轻松有趣，因此它会减少压力。
③However，I think it is natural，for __________________ can be good for the exams.
然而，我认为这是很自然的，因为少量的压力对考试是有益的。
[答案]
①under stress　②lessens stress　③a little stress
2．respond(responds / responded / responded / responding)
vi.回答；应答；有反应；有效果，常与介词to搭配。
Unfortunately，his cancer failed to respond to treatment.
不幸地是，治疗对他的癌症无效。
必记搭配：
in response to 对……做出反应

完成句子：
①The product was developed____________ customer demand.
这种产品是为了满足顾客的需要而开发的。
②Receiving a text does not mean you need to ________________________________________________________________________it.
接收到一条短信并不意味着你需要回复。
③________________ the invention hasn't been all favorable.
人们对这一发明的反应并不全是赞成的。
[答案]
①in response to　②make a response to / respond to
③The response to
3．terrify (terrifies / terrified / terrified / terrifying)
vt.使恐惧；使惊恐；恐吓
The sudden sound terrified the child.
突如其来的声音吓住了那孩子。
温馨提示：
terrified adj.感到恐惧的；受惊吓的
terrifying adj.令人恐怖的
terrible adj.可怕的；极度的
terror n．恐怖；恐怖活动；[C]引起恐怖的人或事
in terror 惊慌地
with terror 因为害怕
They were terrified by / at his sudden appearance.
他突然出现，把他们吓了一跳。
必记搭配：
be terrified at / by / of sth. 对……感到恐惧
4．furnished
adj.配备家具的；备有家具的(房间等)
The room __was__/__is__furnished__with__ some old tables，a blackboard and an old stove.
这个房间里摆着一些旧桌子、一块黑板和一个旧炉子。
Tom rented a furnished flat and had it painted for the coming Christmas.
汤姆租了一套有家具的房间，为了迎接即将来临的圣诞节，他把房间粉刷了一下。
温馨提示：
furnish vt.为……提供家具；用家具布置
furnish...with... 把……供给；为……配备家具
furnish...to... 把……提供给……
furniture n．家具(总称)
一件家具
a set of furniture 一套家具
必记搭配：
be well / badly furnished 家具齐全 / 欠缺
5．treat (treats / treated / treated / treating)
vt.对待；视为；治疗；款待
He treated his mistake as a joke.
他把他的错误当作玩笑看待。
The doctor __treated__many__patients__ in the emergency room.
这位医生在急诊室医治了很多病人。
必记搭配：
treat sb./ oneself to sth. 招待；款待；请(客)
treat...like / as...(＝ consider...as...) 把……看作；对待
treat sb.for sth. 治疗某人的某种病
treat with sb.与某人商谈 / 交涉
【运用提升】
Ⅰ.选择括号内适当的单词填空。
1．Doctors are still trying their best to ____________(cure / operate / treat) the boy for his broken leg.
2．The witness furnished the police ____________(with/for/at) the facts about the case.
[答案与解析]
1．treat。treat sb.for sth.“治疗某人的某病”。cure “治愈”，与介词of连用，cure sb.of；operate“动手术”，与介词on连用，operate on sb.。
2．with。furnish sb. with sth.向某人提供……。句意：目击者向警方提供了与案件有关的事实。
Ⅱ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．If something is broken，we get it ____________(fix)．
2．Luis is____________ a lot of stress right now because he has been addicted____________ drugs.
[答案与解析]
1．fixed。句意为：如果什么东西坏了，我们就找人来处理。get sth.done表示“使(某事)发生，使完成(某事)”，故填fixed。
2．under；to。本题考查固定搭配。under a lot of stress有很多压力；be addicted to sth.对……有瘾；对……着迷。
Ⅲ.完成句子。
1．She has ________________ for studying abroad.(put away)
她已经为出国留学积攒了足够的钱。
2．The horror movie __________________. (terrify)
那部恐怖电影吓坏了这个孩子。
3．He ______________________ beer. (treat...to...)
他请他的朋友们喝啤酒。
[答案]
1．put away enough money
2．terrified the child / kid
3．treated his friends to
☆核心短语☆
1．适合某人　　　　　　　　be __suited__ to...
Do you think David is suited to teaching?
你认为大卫适合教学吗？

适合……的　　　　　be __suitable__ for...
胜任……的　　　　　 be __fit__ for
2．开始做；着手干　　　 go __about__
How do you go about repairing this computer?
你怎样着手修理这台电脑？

先走；走在前面；干吧；说吧　　　　　go __ahead__
全力以赴；鼓足干劲　 go __all__out__
去拿 / 找 / 请；尽力得到；适用于　 go __for__
从事；爱好　 go __in__for__
复习；检查　 go __over__
经历；审阅；检查；浏览　 go __through__
没有……也忍受 / 对付过去　 go __without__
3．奄奄一息　　　　　　　on one's last __legs__
My car's on its last legs—it keeps breaking down.
我的汽车快报废了——总出毛病。

(论点等)站不住脚　　　　not have a __leg__ to stand on
走得筋疲力尽　 walk one's legs __off__
直立　 stand __on__ one's legs
4．过世，去世　 pass __away__
I am sorry to hear that he passed away last month.
听说他上个月逝世了，我很难过。

忽略某人 / 某事　　　　pass sth./ sb.__by__
将……传给下一代　 pass...sth.__down__/__on__ to sb.
经历一段(时间)　 pass __through__
【运用提升】
Ⅰ.选择括号内适当的短语填空。
1．How should I ____________(go up / go for / go about) finding a job?
2．The little boy was so sad because his pet____________(passed on / passed away / passed down)．
[答案与解析]
1．go about。考查词组辨析。go up上升，上涨，提高，增加，增高；go for适用于，去取回……；go about开始做，着手处理。句意：我应该如何着手找工作呢？
2．passed away。句意：那个小男孩很伤心，因为他的宠物死了。pass away可以表示逝世的意思，与本题句意相符。
Ⅱ.根据句意，从所提供的词组中选择恰当的词组填入相关的句中。注意词形的变化。
correspond with；on one's own；
come about；give away；be suited to
1．How does it ____________ that you were caught by the police?
2．I'm an orphan and pretty much grew up ____________.
3．The diet ____________ anyone who wants to lose weight fast.
4．Serial numbers in the power box don't ____________ the numbers in drawing.
5．We can do something to comfort the people in the disaster areas by ____________ some money or some materials.
[答案]
1．come about　2.on my own　3.is suited to
4．correspond with　5.giving away
☆关键句型及惯用法☆
1．Meanwhile，those who are successful and famous have to deal with constant media attention.(P2，L15­16)
译：同时，那些成功并出名的人还必须应对无休止的媒体关注。

基本句型：those who...“那些……的人”。
注意：通常who引导的是定语从句，修饰前面的those (people)；如果是“那些……东西”，则应该用those that...。
Those who were late this morning will have to take on the responsibility of cleaning the office for a whole week.
今天早晨迟到的人要承担起打扫办公室卫生一整个星期的任务。
Those (desks) that are broken shall be repaired within a week.
那些损坏了的桌子要在一个星期内修好。
思考：表示“那些 / 个……的人 / 物”，还有哪些表达方式？
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[答案]
还可以用以下方式表达：
He who...(注意：此时从句中用单数谓语)
Anyone who...(从句中也用单数谓语)
Whoever...(注意：这时通常引出的是主语从句)
Anything that...
Whatever...
2．Another reason that men make great nurses is that in general，men have stronger bodies than women.(P11，L8­9)
译：男人会成为好护士的另一个理由是，一般来说男人比女人体格更强壮。

句中的that men make great nurses可以看作是定语从句或同位语从句。在这种情况下也可以将that改为why。
例：The reason why / that he didn't come to your party was that his mother fell ill suddenly and he had to send her to hospital.
他没有来参加你的聚会的原因是，他妈妈突然生病了，他不得不送她去医院。
但是，如果the reason后的定语从句的关系代词在从句中充当宾语，那就不能使用关系副词why，而只能用that或者省略，如：
The reason (that) he said was that his mother was ill.
另外，如果定语从句中的关系代词做主语。也要用that，且不能省略。如：The reason that was mentioned at the last meeting is very proper.
思考：定语从句的关系代词that都有哪些用法？
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[答案]
定语从句的关系代词that的用法小结如下：
a．代替指物的先行词，在从句中充当主语或宾语，充当宾语时可以省略，这里常可与which互换。
例如：The information that / which is presented on the Internet is sometimes untrue.网络上的信息有时不真实。
b．当先行词为不定代词或受到不定代词，最高级，序数词，the only，the very，the same等的修饰时，不用which，常用that。
All that can be done has been done.能做的都已经做了。
c．当先行词包含人和物两个或两个以上的名词时，定语从句的关系代词常用that。
They talked for two hours about the things and persons that they could remember.
他们谈论了两个小时，谈论他们能记得起的人和事。
d．当定语从句的先行词为the way，且the way 在从句中充当方式状语时，定语从句用that / in which引导，或者省略引导词。
I really don't like the way (that / in which) he speaks to us.我真的不喜欢他对我们说话的方式。
e．当定语从句的先行词为the time / the reason / the place时，也常常用that代替when / why / where。
This is the first time that I have been here.
这是我第一次来这里。
The reason that they succeeded was that they had won the support of the majority.
他们能胜出的原因是，他们赢得了绝大多数的支持。
They finally found a place that they could spend the cold night.
他们终于找到了一个能让他们度过这个寒冷夜晚的地方。
3．However，it was very slow，small and low to the ground，making it look more like a children's toy rather than a proper vehicle for an adult.(P35，L38­39)
译：然而，它非常慢，很小，并且很低，这使得它看起来更像小孩子的玩具，而不是正常的成年人的交通工具。
句中的making it...for an adult 为现在分词短语，在句中充当结果状语。
基本句型：v­ing短语在句中充当结果状语，常表示此结果在意料之中或情理之中。
An unexpected accident happened，making our outing a sad story.
一场意料之外的事故发生了，使得我们的郊游成为一个伤心的故事。
It rained heavily，causing severe flooding in that country.
雨下得很大，致使那个国家出现了严重的洪涝灾害。
Her mother died in 1969，leaving her with four younger brothers and sisters.
她妈妈1969年就去世了，留下她和四个幼小的弟弟妹妹。
思考：a.v­ing在句中还能充当哪些句法功能？
________________________________________________________________________
b．不定式也能在句中充当结果状语，与v­ing充当结果状语有什么不同？
________________________________________________________________________
[答案]
a．v­ing还能在句中充当时间状语、伴随状语、方式状语、原因状语等。
例如：
Walking in the street，she came across an old friend of hers.走在街上，她碰到了她的一个老朋友。(时间状语)
Working in the factory，he can earn enough money to support his family.在这家工厂工作，他可以赚到足够的钱养活他的家人。(伴随状语)
Not having received a reply，I decided to call him again.
还没有收到他的回复，我决定再次给他打电话。(原因状语)
b．不定式充当结果状语，常表示意料之外或情理之外的结果。
He hurried to the station，(only) to find the early bus had left.他匆匆忙忙赶往车站，却只发现早班车已经开走了。
【运用提升】
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．You need to do something ____________ can give you a sense of accomplishment.
2．The financial crisis that originated(源于)on Wall Street swept the world，thus____________(leave) large numbers of workers jobless.
3．The reason why he succeeded is ____________ he worked very hard.
[答案与解析]
1．that。先行词为不定代词something，且在从句中充当主语，定语从句的引导词应用that。
2．leaving。考查非谓语动词的用法。动词leave与其逻辑主语the financial crisis之间是主谓关系，所以用leaving引导结果状语。
3．that。考查表语从句。that在从句中不作成分只起连接作用。句意：他成功的原因是他工作非常努力。


对应学生用书p157
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The last year of high school is a time for you to think about your future careers after 1.____________(graduate)．When you choose 2.____________ job，there are many aspects you should consider.Some jobs may seem dull 3.____________ are very important to society，while others can appear exciting but are actually very hard and boring.
Some popular professions for young people include careers in law or business.Many people have ambitions to be a 4.____________(success) lawyer or a business person，but they ignore the stress and pressure that these jobs bring them.
On the other hand，some people find 5.____________(many) unusual jobs that are better suited to their talents and interests，such as checking noise pollution in the park zone，6.____________(taste) beers at a brewery and designing fireworks.
In the same way，many ordinary jobs may not seem attractive, but they are necessary to our society，such as shop assistants，barbers and so 7.____________. They perform such ordinary but vital 8.____________(task)，allowing people to go about their own lives.
In conclusion，9.____________ thinking about your future careers，you should remember that some glamorous jobs can be difficult and some ordinary jobs can be quite important.10.____________ of them together，though，help society function.
[答案]
1．graduation　2.a　3.but　4.successful　5.more
6．tasting　7.on　8.tasks　9.when　10.All