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北京市房山区2020届高三一模英语试题
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房山区2020年高三衔接诊断试卷
英语试题
本试卷共12页，120分。考试时长100分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回，试卷自行保存。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Learning isn’t simply about earning degrees or attending storied institutions. Books, online courses, MOOCs, professional development programs, podcasts, and other resources have never been more accessible, ___1___ (make) it easier than ever to make a habit of lifelong learning. Every day, each of us ___2___ (offer) the opportunity to pursue development. People who devote themselves to learning and who exhibit curiosity are almost always ___3___ (happy) and more socially and professionally engaging than those who don’t.
【答案】1. making
2. is offered
3. happier
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了学习不仅仅是为了获得学位或进入知名学府。当前社会网络资源很丰富，爱学习的人会更快乐，更有职业吸引力。
【1题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：书籍、在线课程、慕课、专业发展项目、播客和其他资源从未像现在这样触手可及，这使得人们比以往任何时候都更容易养成终身学习的习惯。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语动词have been，故此处应用非谓语；分析句意可知，此处的making是上文的结果状语。故填making。
【2题详解】
考查主谓一致及被动语态。句意：每一天，我们每个人都有追求发展的机会。分析句子可知，offer与主语之间是被动关系，且主语是each of us，故谓语动词应用第三人称。故填is offered。
【3题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：那些致力于学习并表现出好奇心的人几乎总是比那些不致力于学习的人更快乐，在社交和职业方面也更有吸引力。分析句子可知，此处是爱学习的人与不爱学习的人之间的比较；且根据句中的than可知，此处应用比较级。故填happier。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The high-speed railway line connecting Beijing and Zhangjiakou, the co-host city of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, went into operation on December 30th, 2019. ___4___ (design) with 5G signals and wireless charging, the smart train G8811 departed from Beijing North Railway Station ___5___ 8:30 am to Zhangjiakou. The railway is 174 km long, with 10 stations along the line. With a maximum design speed of 350 kph, it greatly reduces the travel time from over three hours to 47 minutes, facilitating inter-city traffic. So far, the length of China’s railroad lines in service ___6___ (reach) 139,000 km, including 35,000 km of high-speed rail, ranking first in the world.
【答案】4. Designed
5. at 6. has reached
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了智能列车G8811。
4题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：采用5G信号和无线充电设计，智能列车G8811于上午8点20分从北京北站出发前往张家口。分析句子可知，此句中已有谓语动词departed，故此处应用非谓语动词；且design与主语the smart train G8811 是被动关系。故应用过去分析表被动。故填Designed.
【5题详解】
考查介词。句意：采用5G信号和无线充电设计，智能列车G8811于上午8点20分从北京北站出发前往张家口。分析句子可知，此处表示列车从8点20出发，时间点前应用介词at。故填at。
【6题详解】
考查时态。句意：到目前为止，中国铁路营业里程已达13.9万公里，其中高速铁路3.5万公里，居世界首位。根据句中的时间标志词so far可知，此处应用现在完成时；分析句子可知，此句的主语是the length，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填has reached。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Forsythia（连翘）is one of the earliest ___7___ (flower) blooming in spring, between March and May. It is a popular plant known for its bare branches filled with brilliant yellow flowers. The plant has four petals and its branches stretch upward, ___8___ is native to China. It’s easy to grow ___9___ it can tolerate unfavorable conditions and partial shade, but it grows best in full sun. During July and August it produces fruit, often used in ___10___ (tradition) Chinese medicine, proven by some of the earliest Chinese medical texts dating back to some 4,000 years.
【答案】7. flowers
8. which 9. because/as
10. traditional
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了 一种花——连翘。连翘是最早的在春天盛开的鲜花之一，其果实也可入药。
【7题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：连翘是最早的在春天盛开的鲜花之一,一般在三月到五月之间。根据上文的one of可知，此处应用名词复数。故填flowers。
【8题详解】
考查非限制定语从句。句意：这种植物有四个花瓣，它的枝干向上伸展，是中国特有的。分析句子可知，此处是一个非限制定语从句，先行词是The plant，且先行词在从句中做主语，故应用关系代词来引导。故填which。
【9题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：它很容易生长，因为它可以忍受不利的条件和部分阴影，但它在充分的阳光下生长得最好。分析句子可知，设空处前后两句话是因果关系。故填because/as。
【10题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在7月和8月，它会结出果实，通常被用于中药，一些最早的中国医学文献可以追溯到大约4000年前。分析句子可知，此处的traditional修饰的是名词Chinese Medicine。修饰名词用形容词。故填traditional。
【点睛】分析定语从句关键抓住两点：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。先行词往往为名词或代词，如本题第2题中先行词为the plant为名词，再分析先行词the plant在定语从句中所作的成分，将先行词the plant带到从句中可知，只能做主语，故确定关系词which。
第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Reaching Impossible Heights
Xia, 69, reached the peak of Mount Qomolangma, the highest mountain in the world on May 14th , 2018. What’s remarkable, however, is that Xia has no ___11___ of his own.
Xia was chosen by the Chinese mountaineering team in 1974 and together with his teammates, Xia ___12___ Mount Qomolangma in 1975. However, he and some of his teammates were ___13___ in a snowstorm just 200 meters below the peak and were forced to go down the hill. Eventually, nine climbers reached the top, but Xia ___14___ severe freezing cold and lost both his feet. After that, he became a double amputee.
He heard the news of his teammates’ ___15___ on the radio as he lay in bed in hospital awaiting the operation. “I was proud of my teammates but ___16___ because I was not among them. I didn’t dare to imagine my ___17___ of sitting in a wheelchair, perhaps forever,” he said.
He felt ___18___ for a long time until a doctor told him that on artificial legs, he could live life like anyone else, and might even do quite a lot of physical exercise. His hopes were ___19___ and he set a target: he would climb Qomolangma. The vision of the ___20___ came close to him. It gave him the courage and hope to ___21___.
He failed to reach the 8,844-meter peak four times. Although it took Xia more than 40 years to realize his ___22___ , he stayed less than 10 minutes at the top because of a storm. Facing into the wind, he ___23___ his body to carry on down the mountain, knowing that the ___24___ had only just begun. His artificial legs had no feeling. Low temperatures and the burden of hiking caused his legs to swell, so that the artificial legs didn’t ___25___ as they should. He uses twice as much ___26___ as fully-able mountaineers. Many times, his feet got ___27___ in cracks in the ice and his teammates had to help pull his legs out. Then there was the snow. His glasses were covered with a layer of ___28___. “Everything was white. I couldn’t see clearly. The only thing I could do was to hold tight to the rope and keep moving on,” he recalled. It took Xia two days to ___29___ to the base camp, more than 3,000 meters below.
His ___30___ is beyond most people’s imagination. When he was reported to have conquered Qomolangma, he replied, “It is Qomolangma that accepts me. Nature cannot be conquered, but people can.”
11. A. ears B. eyes C. legs D. arms
12. A. reported B. climbed C. discovered D. measured
13. A. buried B. absorbed C. engaged D. trapped
14. A. ignored B. suffered C. defended D. overcame
15. A. success B. kindness C. courage D. progress
16. A. moved B. relaxed C. depressed D. concerned
17. A. plan B. future C. relief D. behavior
18. A. fearless B. confident C. hopeless D. inspired
19. A. raised B. recorded C. destroyed D. promised
20. A. memory B. recovery C. operation D. mountain
21. A. take on B. live on C. depend on D. pass on
22. A. dream B. situation C. position D. decision
23. A. shook B. warned C. allowed D. forced
24. A. travel B. reward C. struggle D. research
25. A. fit B. approach C. prevent D. change
26. A. passion B. support C. energy D. knowledge
27. A. lost B. involved C. dressed D. stuck
28. A. ice B. sand C. paint D. plastic
29. A. rush B. return C. escape D. wander
30. A. patience B. independence C. contribution D. determination
【答案】11. C 12. B 13. D 14. B 15. A 16. C 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. D 21. B 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. D
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位60岁的登山者——夏泊渝，在一次攀登珠穆拉玛峰的过程中，由于遭受极度寒冷失去了双腿，但是他的决心和毅力非同常人，在经历了4次失败后，终于在2018年5月14日成功登顶。
【11题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，值得注意的是，夏没有自己的腿。A. ears耳朵；B. eyes眼睛；C. legs腿；D. arms胳膊。根据下文“but Xia ___4___ severe freezing cold and lost both his feet. After that, he became a double amputee”.以及“He felt ___8___ for a long time until a doctor told him that on artificial legs”可知，夏在一次登山中失去了双腿。故选C。
【12题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：1975年，他和队友一起登上了珠穆朗玛峰。A. reported报告；B. climbed攀爬；C. discovered发现；D. measured测量。根据下文“However, he and some of his teammates were ___3___ in a snowstorm just 200 meters below the peak and were forced to go down the hill.”可知，夏被选入登山队并和队友们一起攀爬珠穆拉玛峰。故选B。
【13题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，他和他的一些队友在雪峰下200米处被困，被迫下山。A. buried埋；B. absorbed吸收；C. engaged参与；D. trapped陷入。根据下文“Eventually, nine climbers reached the top, but Xia ___4___ severe freezing cold and lost both his feet. After that, he became a double amputee.”可知，夏被困在了离山顶200米处，并因为极度寒冷失去了双腿。故选D。
【14题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最终，9名登山者到达了山顶，但夏却忍受着严寒，失去了双脚。A. ignored忽视；B. suffered遭受；C. defended防卫；D. overcame克服。分析上下文了可知，夏被困在离山顶200米处并遭受极度寒冷，最终失去双腿。故选B。
【15题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他躺在医院的病床上等待手术的时候，他从收音机里听到了队友成功的消息。A. success成功；B. kindness善良；C. courage勇气；D. progress进步。根据下文“I was proud of my teammates but ___6___ because I was not among them.”可知，夏为自己的队友感动骄傲，但遗憾自己不是其中一员可知，其他队员成功登上了山顶。故选A。
【16题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我为我的队友感到骄傲，但也很沮丧，因为我不在他们之中。A. moved 感动的；B. relaxed放松的；C. depressed沮丧的；D. concerned担忧的。根据下文“I didn’t dare to imagine my ___7___ of sitting in a wheelchair, perhaps forever”可知，由于失去双腿，夏虽为队友感到骄傲，但同时也为自己感到沮丧。故选C。
【17题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不敢想象我坐在轮椅上的未来。A. plan计划；B. future未来；C. relief减轻；D. behavior行为。分析上下文可知，夏以为自己可能终生要在轮椅上度过。故他不能想象自己未来一直做轮椅会如何。故选B。
【18题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在很长一段时间里，他感到非常绝望。A. fearless无畏的；B. confident自信的；C. hopeless绝望的；D. inspired受鼓舞的。分析上下文可知，夏由于一次登山被困，失去了双腿，且想象自己可能终生在轮椅上度过感到沮丧，故此处应是感到绝望。故选C。
【19题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的希望越来越大，他定下了一个目标:他要攀登珠穆朗玛峰。A. raised增加；B. recorded记录；C. destroyed毁坏；D. promised承诺。根据下文“he set a target: he would climb Qomolangma.”可知，医生的话使夏重燃希望。故选A。
【20题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：大山里的景象向他逼近。A. memory记忆；B. recovery恢复；C. operation操作；D. mountain山。根据上文他重新想登山珠穆拉玛峰可知，山上的景象好像就在他眼前。故选D。
【21题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这给了他活下去的勇气和希望。A. take on承担；B. live on继续生存；C. depend on依赖；D. pass on传递。根据上文“It gave him the courage and hope”可知，这给了他活下去的勇气和希望。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管夏花了40多年的时间才实现他的梦想。A. dream梦想；B. situation境况；C. position位置；D. decision决定。根据下文“he stayed less than 10 minutes at the top because of a storm.”可知，夏成功登上了山顶，实现了自己的梦想。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：面对着风，他强迫自己的身体继续下山，因为他知道战斗才刚刚开始。A. shook摇动；B. warned警告；C. allowed允许；D. forced迫使。根据全文以及上文 “Facing into the wind可知，山上条件非常恶劣，故此处应是他迫使自己继续下山。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：面对着风，他强迫自己的身体继续下山，因为他知道战斗才刚刚开始。A. travel旅行；B. reward奖励；C. struggle挣扎，战斗；D. research研究。根据下文“His artificial legs had no feeling. Low temperatures and the burden of hiking caused his legs to swell”以及“Many times, his feet got ___17___ in cracks in the ice and his teammates had to help pull his legs out.”可知，夏知道接下去还要面对很多困难，故此处应表示困难，战斗才刚开始。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：低温和徒步旅行的负担使他的腿肿胀，所以义肢不能正常活动。A. fit合适；B. approach接近；C. prevent阻止；D. change改变。根据上文“Low temperatures and the burden of hiking caused his legs to swell”可知，低温以及徒步的负担使得夏的腿肿胀了起来，故他的假肢不太适合他了。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他消耗的体力是普通登山运动员的两倍。A. passion，；B. support支持；C. energy能量，精力；D. knowledge知识。分析上下文可知，夏的登山之旅消耗的体力比普通登上运动员多。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：很多次，他的脚被冰缝粘住了，他的队友不得不帮忙把他的腿拉出来。A. lost失去；B. involved涉及；C. dressed穿；D. stuck陷入。根据下文“his teammates had to help pull his legs out”可知，夏应是被困在了冰缝里，故他的队友帮他把腿拔出来。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的眼镜上覆盖着一层厚厚的冰。A. ice冰；B. sand沙；C. paint画；D. plastic塑料。根据下文“Everything was white. I couldn’t see clearly. The only thing I could do was to hold tight to the rope and keep moving on”可知，夏什么都看不清，故眼睛应是被盖住了，根据常识可知，此处只能是冰。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：夏花了两天时间才回到3000多米以下的大本营。A. rush匆促；B. return返回；C. escape逃跑；D. wander闲逛。根据下文“the base camp”可知，应是花了夏两天的时间才回到大本营。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的决心超出了大多数人的想象。A. patience耐心；B. independence独立；C. contribution贡献；D. determination决心。分析上下文可知，夏在失去双腿之后，经历了4次失败后，终于成功登上了珠穆拉玛峰，故可见他的决心超乎其他人的想象。故选D。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Our Cambridge Scholars’ Program is to help intelligent high school students aged 14-18 reach their full potential and prepare for their amazing futures.
Outstanding Education
We offer a range of excellent courses—from Astronomy to Psychology to Debate. Pick and mix from our diverse course list to pursue your passion or try out different subjects to find your favorite. The courses are taught by our experienced teachers, nearly all of whom belong to
the University of Cambridge.
Enriching Activities
We run activities after classes to help you develop friendships with the great new people you’ll meet. In the evenings we have dances, sports activities, punting on the River Cam, film nights, and more.
Cultural Trips
We have trips around Britain. Visit castles, palaces, museums and more to learn more about the country’s cultural heritage and have a fantastic time with all the new friends you’ll make.
Optional Paris trip
Note: Sign up for the optional Paris trip you should pay extra $1500 fee.
After the Cambridge program ends, we offer an optional week in Paris—seeing all the famous sites such as the Eiffel Tower and Versailles, as well as having a trip to Disneyland Paris.
Time: Two Week: Saturday, July 25th—Sunday, August 9th
Our full course offering during the two weeks is as follows:
Option One
Option Two
Option Three
Option Four
Cambridge Thinking
Astronomy
Computer Science
Artificial Intelligence
Debate
Essay Writing
Criminal & Forensic Psychology
Business Psychology
Economics & Finance
International Relations, Politics & Leadership
English Literature
Chemistry
Engineering
Journalism
Mind Games
Essay Writing
The Quantum Universe
Mind Games
Biology
Law
9 am – 10:30 am
10:45 am – 12:15 am
1:30 pm – 3 pm
3:15 pm – 4:45 pm
31. What can we learn about the Cambridge Scholars’ Program?
A. It is designed for intelligent university students.
B. It offers the chance to visit the places of interest of Britain.
C. It includes an optional week of touring around Paris for free.
D. It has various courses taught by experienced college students.
32. If a student has free time from 2 pm – 10 pm, what courses can he attend?
A. Mind Games and Essay Writing
B. Debate and Cambridge Thinking
C. Journalism and Computer Science
D. Chemistry and Artificial Intelligence
33. What is the main purpose of this passage?
A. To compare the courses.
B. To evaluate the activities.
C. To recommend the program.
D. To introduce the travel arrangement.
【答案】31. B 32. D 33. C
【解析】
这是一则广告。文章主要推荐了剑桥学者项目。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据cultural tips中的We have trips around Britain. Visit castles, palaces, museums and more to learn more about the country’s cultural heritage and have a fantastic time with all the new friends you’ll make. 我们在英国各地旅行。参观城堡、宫殿、博物馆，了解更多关于这个国家的文化遗产，并与你将结交的所有新朋友度过一段美好的时光。由此可知，Cambridge Scholars’ Program提供去英国参观旅游的机会。故选B。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据option 4中的3:15 pm – 4:45 pm可知，Artificial Intelligence以及Chemistry是在2pm—10pm 之间。故选D。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段中Our Cambridge Scholars’ Program is to help intelligent high school students aged 14-18 reach their full potential and prepare for their amazing futures. 我们的剑桥学者项目旨在帮助14-18岁的聪明高中生充分发挥他们的潜力，为他们美好的未来做准备。由此可知，这篇文章的目的是推荐剑桥学者项目。故选C。
B
It’s never too early to start doing good deeds for others. Adults should always be role models for children and the youth, but sometimes those roles are easily exchanged. A young boy did just that—showing that at an early age one can do more to uplift others.
Pavel, 9-year-old Russian boy, made up his mind to use his talent to reach out to those in need. The young artist from the small city of Arzamas decided to use his love for painting into helping animals, by exchanging his artwork for animal food and supplies, which are then donated to a local shelter.
Pavel had this wonderful idea for helping animals when his family lost one of their own pets. He also began to grow concerned over the situation of stray animals wandering in the city. He felt it was his duty to help, which resulted in a project called “Kind Paintbrush”. It was set up by Pavel and his mother. The project started as a way to honor the memory of their pet, but has since evolved into a distinctive way of helping animals. Only one animal shelter, housing over 100 dogs, exists in the local area, and Pavel is its youngest volunteer. To support the shelter, Pavel draws images of real pets and in return, he is paid with animal food and other needs of the shelter.
This isn’t even the first time that mother and son have volunteered their time to a worthy endeavor. They work on their own time and effort, with no support from other organizations. They are simply motivated by their empathy, huge heart, and willingness to use their skills for helping animals.
This stimulating project has already grown beyond Arzamas city. Pavel has become quite a sensation, particularly among animal lovers in Russia who have been in touch to have portraits of their pets made. Requests for paintings of their pets have also come from abroad, such as Spain and Germany.
Pavel’s dreams for the future are still tied to helping animals. He plans to become as much as he can with his art and love for animals.
34. What can we know about Pavel?
A. He has won several awards.
B. He dreams to build an animal shelter.
C. He is good at drawing images of real pets.
D. He gets a lot of help from other organizations.
35 Why did Pavel start the project “Kind Paintbrush”?
A. To attract more volunteers.
B. To promote his paintings in local area.
C. To learn more skills of feeding animals.
D. To memorize his lost pet and help animals.
36. Which of the following words can best describe Pavel?
A. Creative and caring.
B. Polite and intelligent.
C. Modest and ambitious.
D. Humorous and determined.
37. What does the passage mainly tell us?
A. It is never too old to learn.
B. Time and tide wait for no man.
C. A kind act can make a difference.
D. Saying is one thing and doing another.
【答案】34. C 35. D 36. A 37. C
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位9岁的男孩通过画画来帮助动物们。并且建立了公益项目“Kind Paintbrush”，使得越来越多的人参与进来。由此可知，一个小小的善意举动也能造成影响。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段中Pavel, 9-year-old Russian boy, made up his mind to use his talent to reach out to those in need, The young artist from the small city of Arzamas decided to use his love for painting into helping animals（9岁的俄罗斯男孩帕维尔决心用他的天赋去帮助那些需要帮助的人。这位来自小城市Arzamas的年轻艺术家决定用他对绘画的热爱来帮助动物）以及文章倒数第四段中To support the shelter, Pavel draws images of real pets and in return, he is paid with animal food and other needs of the shelter（为了支持这个庇护所，帕维尔画了一些真正的宠物的图片，作为回报，他得到了动物食物和庇护所的其他需求。）由此可知，帕维尔擅长花动物肖像。故选C。
35题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段中The project started as a way to honor the memory of their pet, but has since evolved into a distinctive way of helping animals这个项目开始是为了纪念他们的宠物，这个项目最初是为了纪念他们的宠物，但后来演变成了一种帮助动物的独特方式。由此可知，“Kind Paintbrush”创建的目的是纪念他的宠物以及帮助动物。故选D。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段中The young artist from the small city of Arzamas decided to use his love for painting into helping animals, by exchanging his artwork for animal food and supplies, which are then donated to a local shelter. 这位来自小城市Arzamas的年轻艺术家决定用他对绘画的热爱来帮助动物，用他的艺术作品交换动物的食物和用品，然后捐赠给当地的一家收容所。由此可知，帕维尔通过绘画来交换动物的食品和用品，以此来帮助动物，可见他是非常具有创新性的；根据文章第四段中This isn’t even the first time that mother and son have volunteered their time to a worthy endeavor. They work on their own time and effort, with no support from other organizations. 这甚至不是母亲和儿子第一次自愿花时间做有价值的努力。他们按照自己的时间和精力工作，没有其他组织的支持。由此可知，帕维尔经常做志愿者工作，故他应是非常有爱心的。结合选项，故选A。
【37题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中It’s never too early to start doing good deeds for others. Adults should always be role models for children and the youth, but sometimes those roles are easily exchanged. A young boy did just that—showing that at an early age one can do more to uplift others. 开始为他人做好事永远不会太早。成年人应该永远是儿童和青少年的榜样，但有时这些角色很容易互换。一个年轻的男孩就做到了这一点——这表明一个人在很小的时候就可以做更多的事情来鼓舞他人。由此可知，一个小小的善意的举动也能对他人造成影响。故选C。
C
The research from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shows that food allergies ( 过 敏 ) in children have increased about 50 percent. Common symptoms of allergic responses include itchy mouth, throat tightening, and difficulties in breathing.
Food allergy is a medical condition of exposure to certain foods. It occurs when the immune system attacks the protein in food that in normal cases is harmless. According to reports, more than 170 foods cause allergic reactions. The major food allergens are in eggs, milk, peanuts, wheat, soy, fish, tree nuts, and crustacean shellfish.
There are several reasons behind the rise in food allergies. The food being produced these days is high in sugar, unhealthy fats, genetically modifies and some food farms have pesticides ( 农 药 ) and other food have been injected drugs. All this can have a negative impact on our microbiome (微生物群), which is the basis of good health and immunity.
In a study comparing two children, a 15-year-old who lived in urban Italy and a 14-year-old child from rural Africa, it clearly showed a significant difference in the diversity of bacteria in their guts. The reason lies in their diet. The child from rural Africa has his diet low in fat and rich in plant-based foods which are grown and harvested locally by villagers. In contrast, the Italian kid’s diet was rich in animal protein, sugar then low in fiber. Ultimately, the microbiome of the kid from Italy was less than that of the kid from Africa.
Besides the so-called ‘hygiene hypothesis’ suggests that decreased exposure to microbes in early life can lead to an increased chance of allergies in later life, because of individuals not having built up immunity at a young age.
Yet another reason for the explosion in allergies may be environmental changes. The environment has seen a rise in temperature and is estimated that in the coming decades the temperature could rise even further by 10 degrees. As a result of this warm climate, the growing seasons will be longer, increasing allergen count thus making allergies even worse. According to scientists, climate change is a contributing factor that needs immediate attention.
Dr. R. Sharon, researcher of Allergy and Asthma Research Centre at Stanford University, believes the cause of allergies will ultimately come down to a combination of many factors.
Food allergies have no cure but can be managed by avoiding food that brings the reactions. Scientists are studying food allergies medical methods for general use. They are all trying to actively understand a certain part of the puzzle when it comes to allergies.
38. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Scientists have found an effective method to solve food allergies.
B. There could be many reasons that combine to lead to food allergies.
C. Environmental changes are the most important reason for food allergies.
D. To decrease children’s allergies, we should make them eat less every day.
39. In paragraph 4, the two children are mentioned to show that
A. pesticides have bad effects on people’s food
B. a person’s daily diet can affect his microbiome
C. food allergies have no cure but can be avoided
D. climate change is another factor for food allergies
40. What is the main purpose of this passage?
A. To explain the causes of food allergies.
B. To stress the influences of food allergies.
C. To introduce the solutions to food allergies.
D. To tell people the symptoms of food allergies.
41. What’s the author’s attitude to the treatment of food allergies?
A. Indifferent. B. Positive.
C. Doubtful. D. Critical.
【答案】38. B 39. B 40. A 41. B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了导致食物过敏的原因。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段中There are several reasons behind the rise in food allergies. 食物过敏的增加有几个原因以及倒数第二段中Dr. R. Sharon, researcher of Allergy and Asthma Research Centre at Stanford University, believes the cause of allergies will ultimately come down to a combination of many factors. Dr. R. Sharon相信过敏的原因最终会归结到许多因素的组合。由此可知，导致食物过敏的原因有很多。故选B。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段中All this can have a negative impact on our microbiome (微生物群), which is the basis of good health and immunity. 所有这些都会对我们的微生物群产生负面影响，而微生物群是健康和免疫的基础。以及第四段中Ultimately, the microbiome of the kid from Italy was less than that of the kid from Africa. 最终，来自意大利的孩子的微生物组少于来自非洲的孩子。由此可知，提到两个孩子是为了说明一个人的饮食会对他的微生物群造成影响。故选B。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段中There are several reasons behind the rise in food allergies.以及第五段中Besides, the so-called ‘hygiene hypothesis’ suggests that decreased exposure to microbes in early life can lead to an increased chance of allergies in later life, because of individuals not having built up immunity at a young age. 此外，所谓的“卫生假说”表明，早期接触微生物的减少可能会导致晚年过敏的几率增加，因为人们在年轻时没有建立起免疫系统。以及倒数第三段中Yet another reason for the explosion in allergies may be environmental changes. 另一个过敏症激增的原因可能是环境的变化。According to scientists, climate change is a contributing factor that needs immediate attention. 科学家表示，气候变化是一个需要立即关注的因素。以及倒数第二段中Dr. R. Sharon, researcher of Allergy and Asthma Research Centre at Stanford University, believes the cause of allergies will ultimately come down to a combination of many factors. Dr. R. Sharon相信过敏的原因最终会归结到许多因素的组合。由此可知，文章大篇幅都在讲述过敏的原因。结合选项，故选A。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中Food allergies have no cure but can be managed by avoiding food that brings the reactions. Scientists are studying food allergies medical methods for general use. They are all trying to actively understand a certain part of the puzzle when it comes to allergies. 食物过敏无法治愈，但可以通过避免食用引起过敏反应的食物来控制。科学家们正在研究普遍使用的食物过敏的医学方法。当谈到过敏时，他们都试图积极地理解这个谜题的某一部分。由此可知，作者对于过敏的治疗还是很乐观的。故选B。
D
Say goodbye to standing in long lines holding boarding passes and other travel documents. Step this way, instead. Look into the camera lens and off you go.
Sound convenient? Technology companies working with travel providers and the federal government to install facial recognition systems at airports hope you think so.
But privacy advocators don’t want you to become too comfortable. They worry that what we’re willing to accept for convenience today will soften our resistance to the idea of filling public spaces with cameras that can identify us and track our every move.
Facial recognition technology came suddenly into modern reality with very few people prepared for it. Facial recognition is a biometric technology that uses distinguishable facial features to identify a person. In many cases, we see it being used by governments and law enforcement agencies—testing its accuracy and value for future purposes.
Today, it’s used in a variety of ways from allowing you to unlock your phone, go through security at the airport, purchase products at stores. It checks the identities of ride-hailing drivers, permits tourists to enter attractions and let people pay for things with a smile. Airports are increasingly adding facial recognition technology to security checkpoints. It’s even said that past footage of unsolved mysteries would benefit greatly from this technology as it would help identify the criminals of crimes long forgotten.
However, there has been a serious clash between the government and citizens in general over the technology’s use cases. At an airport, travelers are requested to present their passports, from which the software will determine whether the person standing in front of the camera matches the identity. If it matches, then they can get through quickly. However, the surveillance system searches a large database for the face presented to the camera. Editing such a big database, many worry, will inevitably lead to privacy concerns down the road. The biggest drawback for facial recognition technology in most people’s opinions is the threat to an individual’s privacy.
Some say that it’s the most powerful tool as they fear for their privacy being invaded almost on a daily basis, while the government tries to push it as something necessary for better civil control and crime prevention. Overall, talks usually boil down to whether facial recognition technology should be banned or if it should be regulated.
According to IBM, the banning of facial recognition technology would be a step backward for human scientific advancement. However, restricting it within light regulations could yield just as many gains as it would in a “free market”.
There are many useful applications of facial recognition technology—both at the consumer level as a matter of security and convenience, and for governments and law enforcement agencies. The challenge is finding the balance between those benefits and the expectation of privacy. Banning facial recognition is not the answer. Regulating it, however, may be necessary to put an acceptable framework of rules around its use.
42. With the help of facial recognition, we can _______.
A. purchase products at home
B. figure out unsolved mysteries
C. reduce the number of criminals
D. pass the security at the airport faster
43. What does the underlined word “clash” in paragraph 6 probably mean?
A. Conflict. B. Crisis.
C. Challenge. D. Consequence.
44. Facing the use of this technology, citizens _______.
A. have no idea of its benefit
B. have already got well-prepared
C. worry their information is misused
D. refuse to accept the convenience
45. Which point of view may the author agree to?
A. Banning facial recognition.
B. Debating with the government.
C. Maintaining the current situation.
D. Regulating facial recognition with rules.
【答案】42. D 43. A 44. C 45. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。随着科技的发展，面部识别技术应用于生活的各个层面，但有的人担心这会导致个人隐私大量泄漏，建议禁止使用这项技术，但作者认为，禁止面部识别并不是解决办法，应制定规则来管理这项技术。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一，二段中Say goodbye to standing in long lines holding boarding passes and other travel documents.Step this way, instead. Look into the camera lens and off you go. 别再拿着登机牌和其他旅行证件排着长队了。相反，向这边走。看着镜头，你就可以离开了。以及文章倒数第四段中At an airport, travelers are requested to present their passports, from which the software will determine whether the person standing in front of the camera matches the identity. If it matches, then they can get through quickly. 在机场，旅客们被要求出示他们的护照，该软件将从护照上判断站在摄像机前的人是否符合身份。如果匹配，那么他们可以快速通过。由此可知，有了面部识别技术，我们可以快速机场的安检。故选D。
【43题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第六段中At an airport, travelers are requested to present their passports, from which the software will determine whether the person standing in front of the camera matches the identity. If it matches, then they can get through quickly. However, the surveillance system searches a large database for the face presented to the camera. Editing such a big database, many worry, will inevitably lead to privacy concerns down the road. The biggest drawback for facial recognition technology in most people’s opinions is the threat to an individual’s privacy. 在机场，旅客们被要求出示他们的护照，该软件将从护照上判断站在摄像机前的人是否符合身份。如果匹配，那么他们可以快速通过。然而，监控系统会在一个大型数据库中搜索呈现给摄像机的人脸。许多人担心，编辑如此庞大的数据库将不可避免地导致对隐私的担忧。在大多数人看来，面部识别技术最大的缺点是对个人隐私的威胁。由此可知，在政府和普通公民之间，在技术的用例方面存在着严重的冲突。故clash应意为“冲突”。故选A。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第六段中Editing such a big database, many worry, will inevitably lead to privacy concerns down the road. The biggest drawback for facial recognition technology in most people’s opinions is the threat to an individual’s privacy. 许多人担心，编辑如此庞大的数据库将不可避免地导致对隐私的担忧。在大多数人看来，面部识别技术最大的缺点是对个人隐私的威胁。以及第七段中Some say that it’s the most powerful tool as they fear for their privacy being invaded almost on a daily basis. 一些人说，这是最强大的工具，因为他们几乎每天都担心自己的隐私被侵犯。由此可知，在面对人脸识别这项技术的应用时，很多人都担心自己的隐私被侵犯，被误用。故选C。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中Banning facial recognition is not the answer. Regulating it, however, may be necessary to put an acceptable framework of rules around its use. 禁止面部识别并不是解决办法。然而，对其进行监管，可能需要围绕其使用制定一个可接受的规则框架。故在作者看来，应用规则管理面部识别技术。故选D。
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Suppose you were promised $1,440 each day that comes to $525,600 a year. That could never be reduced or changed in your whole life. Sounds great, doesn’t it? Actually, we all do get 1,440 a day—but in minutes, not dollars. ___46___ It’s possible to get more money, but you can’t make more time.
Many of the management practices that help people make good use of their money can also be applied to your “time currency”. But the question is, are you a good manager of your time? ___47___
Find out where your time is going now. Write down everything you do in a day. Include work, study, cooking and meals, cleaning and household maintenance, sleep, family time and mindless activities such as watching TV and getting lost in social media.
___48___ Ten minutes of planning can save you an hour of time and helps stretch the time you have, and you’ll see pockets of time you can use for things you want to do. “Once people have a clear picture, they actually do have a lot more time than they realize.” Clark, the founder of the Purposeful Planner says.
You can also set limits. Use kitchen timers, phone reminders, apps or other timing devices to stay focused and work more productively, suggests Janine Adams, certified professional organizer of Peace of Mind Organizing.
___49___ When you have missions to run, instead of making three separate trips on three different days to buy groceries, office supplies or home store products, integrate them—visit all three stores in one trip. It’s more efficient to finish “little one-off” tasks together rather than deal with one at a time throughout the day.
At the end of the day, week, month and year, take a look at how well you’ve managed your time. You’ll see where you could do better and where you’ve completed what you set out to do. Booren compares this progress check to reviewing your annual “financial statement”.
___50___Do that over and over and “it forms habit and becomes natural.” Booren says.
A. Try these simple steps to take control of your clock and calendar.
B. Time is one of the most precious and limited resources for people.
C. Grouping small tasks into one job proves to be helpful in daily practice.
D. The most important tasks are not always the same as the most pressing tasks.
E. Focus on what you’re doing and avoid having to repeat the same process twice.
F. Invest a few minutes at the beginning of each day or week to plan and organize.
G. Take time each day to reflect on your achievements and set goals for tomorrow.
【答案】46. B 47. A 48. F 49. C 50. G
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要提出了让你成为优秀的时间管理者的建议。
【46题详解】
根据下文It’s possible to get more money, but you can’t make more time. 可以赚更多的钱，但是你不能赚更多的时间。由此可知，时间对人们来说是最宝贵和有限的资源之一。故选项B（Time is one of the most precious and limited resources for people）承接上文，符合题意。故选B。
【47题详解】
根据上文Many of the management practices that help people make good use of their money can also be applied to your “time currency”. But the question is, are you a good manager of your time? 许多帮助人们充分利用他们的钱的管理实践也可以应用到你的“时间货币”上。但问题是，你是一个好的时间管理者吗？以及下文的几条建议可知，A项（Try these simple steps to take control of your clock and calendar.）尝试这些简单的步骤来控制你的时钟和日历。承上启下，符合题意。故选A。
【48题详解】
根据下文Ten minutes of planning can save you an hour of time and helps stretch the time you have, and you’ll see pockets of time you can use for things you want to do. 十分钟的计划可以为你节省一个小时的时间，并帮助你延长你的时间，你会发现你可以用这些时间来做你想做的事情。故此段主要讲述的是要有计划。故F项（Invest a few minutes at the beginning of each day or week to plan and organize）在每天或每周的开始，花几分钟时间来计划和组织。承接下文，符合题意。故选F。
【49题详解】
根据下文When you have missions to run, instead of making three separate trips on three different days to buy groceries, office supplies or home store products, integrate them—visit all three stores in one trip. It’s more efficient to finish “little one-off” tasks together rather than deal with one at a time throughout the day. 你有任务要执行时，不要在三天内分三次去购买杂货、办公用品或家居用品，而是将它们整合在一起——在一次行程中访问所有三家商店。一起完成“一次性的小任务”比一天一次只做一件事效率更高。由此可知，本段主要讲述把小任务整合在一起做。故C项（Grouping small tasks into one job proves to be helpful in daily practice.）把小任务分成一份工作在日常实践中是很有帮助的。承接下文，符合题意。故选C。
【50题详解】
根据上文At the end of the day, week, month and year, take a look at how well you’ve managed your time. You’ll see where you could do better and where you’ve completed what you set out to do. 在一天、一周、一个月、一年结束的时候，看看你是如何管理你的时间的。你会看到哪里你可以做得更好，哪里你已经完成了你开始做的事情。以及下文Do that over and over and “it forms habit and becomes natural. 反复这样做，就会形成习惯，变得自然。故G项（Take time each day to reflect on your achievements and set goals for tomorrow）每天花点时间反思自己的成就，为明天设定目标。承上启下，符合题意。故选G。
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35 分）
第一节（15 分）
51.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友 Jim 在给你的邮件中提到他今年暑假将来北京参加“外国人朗诵中国诗词大赛”，希望你能为他推荐一首中国诗词。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1. 诗词的题目和作者；
2. 诗词的主要内容；
3. 你推荐该诗词的理由。
注意：1. 词数不少于 50；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
How is everything going? Hopefully everything is fine. From your letter, I’ve learnt that you are going to participate in a Chinese Poetry Recital Contest and you asked for my advice in choosing a Chinese poem for you.
I highly recommend a classical Chinese poem “A Tranquil Night”. It is written by Li Bai, one of the well-known poets from the Tang Dynasty, which witnessed the peak of classical Chinese poetry. In this poem, Li Bai associates the moon with his homesickness, expressing his longing for the reunion with his families.
I have some good reasons for recommending this poem for you. First, this is a pretty simple poem, which means that you can have an easy start with your preparation. Second, this poem is pretty famous for establishing the typical image of the moon through which the poet conveys his homesickness. For centuries, this poem has been read and recited by millions of Chinese people. I am sure the poem will help you build connections with the audience when you are reciting it.
What do you think of my recommendation? If you have got any question, do not hesitate to ask me. Looking forward to your next letter.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。英国好友 Jim 在给你的邮件中提到他今年暑假将来北京参加“外国人朗诵中国诗词大赛”，希望你能为他推荐一首中国诗词。
【详解】写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括: 1. 诗词的题目和作者；2. 诗词的主要内容；
3. 你推荐该诗词的理由。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题対于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的开篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点睛】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如: I’ve learnt that you are going to participate in a Chinese Poetry Recital Contest and you asked for my advice in choosing a Chinese poem for you. 运用了宾语从句；It is written by Li Bai, one of the well-known poets from the Tang Dynasty, which witnessed the peak of classical Chinese poetry.运用了被动语态以及非限制定语从句；f you have got any question, do not hesitate to ask me运用了祈使句。
第二节（20 分）
52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们学校上周组织了一次以“感动中国，感动你我”为主题演讲比赛。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述你参加本次活动的全过程。
注意：词数不少于 60。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Last Friday, our school organized a speech contest themed “Touching the Heart of China”, which proved to be meaningful and memorable.
Last Monday, on the class meeting, our head-teacher announced the detailed information of the speech contest, which aroused our keen interests in the activity. I thought it a good opportunity for me to tell the truly touching stories, so I was determined to take part in the contest.
On arriving at home, I started my preparation work. First of all, I surfed the Internet for some videos and materials related to the theme, including people of different ages and from different backgrounds who made contributions to our country. Then I threw myself into writing my speech referring to the newspapers and magazines reporting their heroic deeds.
The big day came at last. Standing on the stage in the school auditorium, I delivered my speech in which I described doctors and nurses’ moving deeds and saluted to them with the highest admiration. All the audiences were deeply moved by my words. At the end of my speech, they gave loud applauses.
It surprised me that I won the First Prize. With the diploma in hand, I was honored to accept the interview from the host. I expressed that the activity came to an end, but the moving deeds still happens every day in our country. We should respect and learn from these people who have touched the heart of every Chinese.
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。你们学校上周组织了一次以“感动中国，感动你我”为主题的演讲比赛。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述你参加本次活动的全过程。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般过去时。
要求：按照图画顺序写
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
theme; aroused our keen interests in ; make contributions to; refer to; delivered speech; salute to sb; come to an end; touch the heart of every Chinese.
第三步：连词成句
1. Last Friday, our school organized a speech contest themed “Touching the Heart of China”, which proved to be meaningful and memorable
2. Last Monday, on the class meeting, our head-teacher announced the detailed information of the speech contest, which aroused our keen interests in the activity
3. I thought it a good opportunity for me to tell the truly touching stories, so I was determined to take part in the contest.
4. I surfed the Internet for some videos and materials related to the theme, including people of different ages and from different backgrounds who made contributions to our country.
5 .I delivered my speech in which I described doctors and nurses’ moving deeds and saluted to them with the highest admiration.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last
2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,
3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…
4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句，如Last Friday, our school organized a speech contest themed “Touching the Heart of China”, which proved to be meaningful and memorable这句话运用了which引导的非限制定语从句；使用了一些固定词组，如aroused our keen interests in ; make contributions to; refer to; delivered speech等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
英语试题
本试卷共12页，120分。考试时长100分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回，试卷自行保存。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Learning isn’t simply about earning degrees or attending storied institutions. Books, online courses, MOOCs, professional development programs, podcasts, and other resources have never been more accessible, ___1___ (make) it easier than ever to make a habit of lifelong learning. Every day, each of us ___2___ (offer) the opportunity to pursue development. People who devote themselves to learning and who exhibit curiosity are almost always ___3___ (happy) and more socially and professionally engaging than those who don’t.
【答案】1. making
2. is offered
3. happier
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了学习不仅仅是为了获得学位或进入知名学府。当前社会网络资源很丰富，爱学习的人会更快乐，更有职业吸引力。
【1题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：书籍、在线课程、慕课、专业发展项目、播客和其他资源从未像现在这样触手可及，这使得人们比以往任何时候都更容易养成终身学习的习惯。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语动词have been，故此处应用非谓语；分析句意可知，此处的making是上文的结果状语。故填making。
【2题详解】
考查主谓一致及被动语态。句意：每一天，我们每个人都有追求发展的机会。分析句子可知，offer与主语之间是被动关系，且主语是each of us，故谓语动词应用第三人称。故填is offered。
【3题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：那些致力于学习并表现出好奇心的人几乎总是比那些不致力于学习的人更快乐，在社交和职业方面也更有吸引力。分析句子可知，此处是爱学习的人与不爱学习的人之间的比较；且根据句中的than可知，此处应用比较级。故填happier。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The high-speed railway line connecting Beijing and Zhangjiakou, the co-host city of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, went into operation on December 30th, 2019. ___4___ (design) with 5G signals and wireless charging, the smart train G8811 departed from Beijing North Railway Station ___5___ 8:30 am to Zhangjiakou. The railway is 174 km long, with 10 stations along the line. With a maximum design speed of 350 kph, it greatly reduces the travel time from over three hours to 47 minutes, facilitating inter-city traffic. So far, the length of China’s railroad lines in service ___6___ (reach) 139,000 km, including 35,000 km of high-speed rail, ranking first in the world.
【答案】4. Designed
5. at 6. has reached
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了智能列车G8811。
4题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：采用5G信号和无线充电设计，智能列车G8811于上午8点20分从北京北站出发前往张家口。分析句子可知，此句中已有谓语动词departed，故此处应用非谓语动词；且design与主语the smart train G8811 是被动关系。故应用过去分析表被动。故填Designed.
【5题详解】
考查介词。句意：采用5G信号和无线充电设计，智能列车G8811于上午8点20分从北京北站出发前往张家口。分析句子可知，此处表示列车从8点20出发，时间点前应用介词at。故填at。
【6题详解】
考查时态。句意：到目前为止，中国铁路营业里程已达13.9万公里，其中高速铁路3.5万公里，居世界首位。根据句中的时间标志词so far可知，此处应用现在完成时；分析句子可知，此句的主语是the length，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填has reached。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Forsythia（连翘）is one of the earliest ___7___ (flower) blooming in spring, between March and May. It is a popular plant known for its bare branches filled with brilliant yellow flowers. The plant has four petals and its branches stretch upward, ___8___ is native to China. It’s easy to grow ___9___ it can tolerate unfavorable conditions and partial shade, but it grows best in full sun. During July and August it produces fruit, often used in ___10___ (tradition) Chinese medicine, proven by some of the earliest Chinese medical texts dating back to some 4,000 years.
【答案】7. flowers
8. which 9. because/as
10. traditional
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了 一种花——连翘。连翘是最早的在春天盛开的鲜花之一，其果实也可入药。
【7题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：连翘是最早的在春天盛开的鲜花之一,一般在三月到五月之间。根据上文的one of可知，此处应用名词复数。故填flowers。
【8题详解】
考查非限制定语从句。句意：这种植物有四个花瓣，它的枝干向上伸展，是中国特有的。分析句子可知，此处是一个非限制定语从句，先行词是The plant，且先行词在从句中做主语，故应用关系代词来引导。故填which。
【9题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：它很容易生长，因为它可以忍受不利的条件和部分阴影，但它在充分的阳光下生长得最好。分析句子可知，设空处前后两句话是因果关系。故填because/as。
【10题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在7月和8月，它会结出果实，通常被用于中药，一些最早的中国医学文献可以追溯到大约4000年前。分析句子可知，此处的traditional修饰的是名词Chinese Medicine。修饰名词用形容词。故填traditional。
【点睛】分析定语从句关键抓住两点：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。先行词往往为名词或代词，如本题第2题中先行词为the plant为名词，再分析先行词the plant在定语从句中所作的成分，将先行词the plant带到从句中可知，只能做主语，故确定关系词which。
第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Reaching Impossible Heights
Xia, 69, reached the peak of Mount Qomolangma, the highest mountain in the world on May 14th , 2018. What’s remarkable, however, is that Xia has no ___11___ of his own.
Xia was chosen by the Chinese mountaineering team in 1974 and together with his teammates, Xia ___12___ Mount Qomolangma in 1975. However, he and some of his teammates were ___13___ in a snowstorm just 200 meters below the peak and were forced to go down the hill. Eventually, nine climbers reached the top, but Xia ___14___ severe freezing cold and lost both his feet. After that, he became a double amputee.
He heard the news of his teammates’ ___15___ on the radio as he lay in bed in hospital awaiting the operation. “I was proud of my teammates but ___16___ because I was not among them. I didn’t dare to imagine my ___17___ of sitting in a wheelchair, perhaps forever,” he said.
He felt ___18___ for a long time until a doctor told him that on artificial legs, he could live life like anyone else, and might even do quite a lot of physical exercise. His hopes were ___19___ and he set a target: he would climb Qomolangma. The vision of the ___20___ came close to him. It gave him the courage and hope to ___21___.
He failed to reach the 8,844-meter peak four times. Although it took Xia more than 40 years to realize his ___22___ , he stayed less than 10 minutes at the top because of a storm. Facing into the wind, he ___23___ his body to carry on down the mountain, knowing that the ___24___ had only just begun. His artificial legs had no feeling. Low temperatures and the burden of hiking caused his legs to swell, so that the artificial legs didn’t ___25___ as they should. He uses twice as much ___26___ as fully-able mountaineers. Many times, his feet got ___27___ in cracks in the ice and his teammates had to help pull his legs out. Then there was the snow. His glasses were covered with a layer of ___28___. “Everything was white. I couldn’t see clearly. The only thing I could do was to hold tight to the rope and keep moving on,” he recalled. It took Xia two days to ___29___ to the base camp, more than 3,000 meters below.
His ___30___ is beyond most people’s imagination. When he was reported to have conquered Qomolangma, he replied, “It is Qomolangma that accepts me. Nature cannot be conquered, but people can.”
11. A. ears B. eyes C. legs D. arms
12. A. reported B. climbed C. discovered D. measured
13. A. buried B. absorbed C. engaged D. trapped
14. A. ignored B. suffered C. defended D. overcame
15. A. success B. kindness C. courage D. progress
16. A. moved B. relaxed C. depressed D. concerned
17. A. plan B. future C. relief D. behavior
18. A. fearless B. confident C. hopeless D. inspired
19. A. raised B. recorded C. destroyed D. promised
20. A. memory B. recovery C. operation D. mountain
21. A. take on B. live on C. depend on D. pass on
22. A. dream B. situation C. position D. decision
23. A. shook B. warned C. allowed D. forced
24. A. travel B. reward C. struggle D. research
25. A. fit B. approach C. prevent D. change
26. A. passion B. support C. energy D. knowledge
27. A. lost B. involved C. dressed D. stuck
28. A. ice B. sand C. paint D. plastic
29. A. rush B. return C. escape D. wander
30. A. patience B. independence C. contribution D. determination
【答案】11. C 12. B 13. D 14. B 15. A 16. C 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. D 21. B 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. D
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位60岁的登山者——夏泊渝，在一次攀登珠穆拉玛峰的过程中，由于遭受极度寒冷失去了双腿，但是他的决心和毅力非同常人，在经历了4次失败后，终于在2018年5月14日成功登顶。
【11题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，值得注意的是，夏没有自己的腿。A. ears耳朵；B. eyes眼睛；C. legs腿；D. arms胳膊。根据下文“but Xia ___4___ severe freezing cold and lost both his feet. After that, he became a double amputee”.以及“He felt ___8___ for a long time until a doctor told him that on artificial legs”可知，夏在一次登山中失去了双腿。故选C。
【12题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：1975年，他和队友一起登上了珠穆朗玛峰。A. reported报告；B. climbed攀爬；C. discovered发现；D. measured测量。根据下文“However, he and some of his teammates were ___3___ in a snowstorm just 200 meters below the peak and were forced to go down the hill.”可知，夏被选入登山队并和队友们一起攀爬珠穆拉玛峰。故选B。
【13题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，他和他的一些队友在雪峰下200米处被困，被迫下山。A. buried埋；B. absorbed吸收；C. engaged参与；D. trapped陷入。根据下文“Eventually, nine climbers reached the top, but Xia ___4___ severe freezing cold and lost both his feet. After that, he became a double amputee.”可知，夏被困在了离山顶200米处，并因为极度寒冷失去了双腿。故选D。
【14题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最终，9名登山者到达了山顶，但夏却忍受着严寒，失去了双脚。A. ignored忽视；B. suffered遭受；C. defended防卫；D. overcame克服。分析上下文了可知，夏被困在离山顶200米处并遭受极度寒冷，最终失去双腿。故选B。
【15题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他躺在医院的病床上等待手术的时候，他从收音机里听到了队友成功的消息。A. success成功；B. kindness善良；C. courage勇气；D. progress进步。根据下文“I was proud of my teammates but ___6___ because I was not among them.”可知，夏为自己的队友感动骄傲，但遗憾自己不是其中一员可知，其他队员成功登上了山顶。故选A。
【16题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我为我的队友感到骄傲，但也很沮丧，因为我不在他们之中。A. moved 感动的；B. relaxed放松的；C. depressed沮丧的；D. concerned担忧的。根据下文“I didn’t dare to imagine my ___7___ of sitting in a wheelchair, perhaps forever”可知，由于失去双腿，夏虽为队友感到骄傲，但同时也为自己感到沮丧。故选C。
【17题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不敢想象我坐在轮椅上的未来。A. plan计划；B. future未来；C. relief减轻；D. behavior行为。分析上下文可知，夏以为自己可能终生要在轮椅上度过。故他不能想象自己未来一直做轮椅会如何。故选B。
【18题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在很长一段时间里，他感到非常绝望。A. fearless无畏的；B. confident自信的；C. hopeless绝望的；D. inspired受鼓舞的。分析上下文可知，夏由于一次登山被困，失去了双腿，且想象自己可能终生在轮椅上度过感到沮丧，故此处应是感到绝望。故选C。
【19题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的希望越来越大，他定下了一个目标:他要攀登珠穆朗玛峰。A. raised增加；B. recorded记录；C. destroyed毁坏；D. promised承诺。根据下文“he set a target: he would climb Qomolangma.”可知，医生的话使夏重燃希望。故选A。
【20题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：大山里的景象向他逼近。A. memory记忆；B. recovery恢复；C. operation操作；D. mountain山。根据上文他重新想登山珠穆拉玛峰可知，山上的景象好像就在他眼前。故选D。
【21题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这给了他活下去的勇气和希望。A. take on承担；B. live on继续生存；C. depend on依赖；D. pass on传递。根据上文“It gave him the courage and hope”可知，这给了他活下去的勇气和希望。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管夏花了40多年的时间才实现他的梦想。A. dream梦想；B. situation境况；C. position位置；D. decision决定。根据下文“he stayed less than 10 minutes at the top because of a storm.”可知，夏成功登上了山顶，实现了自己的梦想。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：面对着风，他强迫自己的身体继续下山，因为他知道战斗才刚刚开始。A. shook摇动；B. warned警告；C. allowed允许；D. forced迫使。根据全文以及上文 “Facing into the wind可知，山上条件非常恶劣，故此处应是他迫使自己继续下山。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：面对着风，他强迫自己的身体继续下山，因为他知道战斗才刚刚开始。A. travel旅行；B. reward奖励；C. struggle挣扎，战斗；D. research研究。根据下文“His artificial legs had no feeling. Low temperatures and the burden of hiking caused his legs to swell”以及“Many times, his feet got ___17___ in cracks in the ice and his teammates had to help pull his legs out.”可知，夏知道接下去还要面对很多困难，故此处应表示困难，战斗才刚开始。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：低温和徒步旅行的负担使他的腿肿胀，所以义肢不能正常活动。A. fit合适；B. approach接近；C. prevent阻止；D. change改变。根据上文“Low temperatures and the burden of hiking caused his legs to swell”可知，低温以及徒步的负担使得夏的腿肿胀了起来，故他的假肢不太适合他了。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他消耗的体力是普通登山运动员的两倍。A. passion，；B. support支持；C. energy能量，精力；D. knowledge知识。分析上下文可知，夏的登山之旅消耗的体力比普通登上运动员多。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：很多次，他的脚被冰缝粘住了，他的队友不得不帮忙把他的腿拉出来。A. lost失去；B. involved涉及；C. dressed穿；D. stuck陷入。根据下文“his teammates had to help pull his legs out”可知，夏应是被困在了冰缝里，故他的队友帮他把腿拔出来。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的眼镜上覆盖着一层厚厚的冰。A. ice冰；B. sand沙；C. paint画；D. plastic塑料。根据下文“Everything was white. I couldn’t see clearly. The only thing I could do was to hold tight to the rope and keep moving on”可知，夏什么都看不清，故眼睛应是被盖住了，根据常识可知，此处只能是冰。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：夏花了两天时间才回到3000多米以下的大本营。A. rush匆促；B. return返回；C. escape逃跑；D. wander闲逛。根据下文“the base camp”可知，应是花了夏两天的时间才回到大本营。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的决心超出了大多数人的想象。A. patience耐心；B. independence独立；C. contribution贡献；D. determination决心。分析上下文可知，夏在失去双腿之后，经历了4次失败后，终于成功登上了珠穆拉玛峰，故可见他的决心超乎其他人的想象。故选D。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Our Cambridge Scholars’ Program is to help intelligent high school students aged 14-18 reach their full potential and prepare for their amazing futures.
Outstanding Education
We offer a range of excellent courses—from Astronomy to Psychology to Debate. Pick and mix from our diverse course list to pursue your passion or try out different subjects to find your favorite. The courses are taught by our experienced teachers, nearly all of whom belong to
the University of Cambridge.
Enriching Activities
We run activities after classes to help you develop friendships with the great new people you’ll meet. In the evenings we have dances, sports activities, punting on the River Cam, film nights, and more.
Cultural Trips
We have trips around Britain. Visit castles, palaces, museums and more to learn more about the country’s cultural heritage and have a fantastic time with all the new friends you’ll make.
Optional Paris trip
Note: Sign up for the optional Paris trip you should pay extra $1500 fee.
After the Cambridge program ends, we offer an optional week in Paris—seeing all the famous sites such as the Eiffel Tower and Versailles, as well as having a trip to Disneyland Paris.
Time: Two Week: Saturday, July 25th—Sunday, August 9th
Our full course offering during the two weeks is as follows:
Option One
Option Two
Option Three
Option Four
Cambridge Thinking
Astronomy
Computer Science
Artificial Intelligence
Debate
Essay Writing
Criminal & Forensic Psychology
Business Psychology
Economics & Finance
International Relations, Politics & Leadership
English Literature
Chemistry
Engineering
Journalism
Mind Games
Essay Writing
The Quantum Universe
Mind Games
Biology
Law
9 am – 10:30 am
10:45 am – 12:15 am
1:30 pm – 3 pm
3:15 pm – 4:45 pm
31. What can we learn about the Cambridge Scholars’ Program?
A. It is designed for intelligent university students.
B. It offers the chance to visit the places of interest of Britain.
C. It includes an optional week of touring around Paris for free.
D. It has various courses taught by experienced college students.
32. If a student has free time from 2 pm – 10 pm, what courses can he attend?
A. Mind Games and Essay Writing
B. Debate and Cambridge Thinking
C. Journalism and Computer Science
D. Chemistry and Artificial Intelligence
33. What is the main purpose of this passage?
A. To compare the courses.
B. To evaluate the activities.
C. To recommend the program.
D. To introduce the travel arrangement.
【答案】31. B 32. D 33. C
【解析】
这是一则广告。文章主要推荐了剑桥学者项目。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据cultural tips中的We have trips around Britain. Visit castles, palaces, museums and more to learn more about the country’s cultural heritage and have a fantastic time with all the new friends you’ll make. 我们在英国各地旅行。参观城堡、宫殿、博物馆，了解更多关于这个国家的文化遗产，并与你将结交的所有新朋友度过一段美好的时光。由此可知，Cambridge Scholars’ Program提供去英国参观旅游的机会。故选B。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据option 4中的3:15 pm – 4:45 pm可知，Artificial Intelligence以及Chemistry是在2pm—10pm 之间。故选D。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段中Our Cambridge Scholars’ Program is to help intelligent high school students aged 14-18 reach their full potential and prepare for their amazing futures. 我们的剑桥学者项目旨在帮助14-18岁的聪明高中生充分发挥他们的潜力，为他们美好的未来做准备。由此可知，这篇文章的目的是推荐剑桥学者项目。故选C。
B
It’s never too early to start doing good deeds for others. Adults should always be role models for children and the youth, but sometimes those roles are easily exchanged. A young boy did just that—showing that at an early age one can do more to uplift others.
Pavel, 9-year-old Russian boy, made up his mind to use his talent to reach out to those in need. The young artist from the small city of Arzamas decided to use his love for painting into helping animals, by exchanging his artwork for animal food and supplies, which are then donated to a local shelter.
Pavel had this wonderful idea for helping animals when his family lost one of their own pets. He also began to grow concerned over the situation of stray animals wandering in the city. He felt it was his duty to help, which resulted in a project called “Kind Paintbrush”. It was set up by Pavel and his mother. The project started as a way to honor the memory of their pet, but has since evolved into a distinctive way of helping animals. Only one animal shelter, housing over 100 dogs, exists in the local area, and Pavel is its youngest volunteer. To support the shelter, Pavel draws images of real pets and in return, he is paid with animal food and other needs of the shelter.
This isn’t even the first time that mother and son have volunteered their time to a worthy endeavor. They work on their own time and effort, with no support from other organizations. They are simply motivated by their empathy, huge heart, and willingness to use their skills for helping animals.
This stimulating project has already grown beyond Arzamas city. Pavel has become quite a sensation, particularly among animal lovers in Russia who have been in touch to have portraits of their pets made. Requests for paintings of their pets have also come from abroad, such as Spain and Germany.
Pavel’s dreams for the future are still tied to helping animals. He plans to become as much as he can with his art and love for animals.
34. What can we know about Pavel?
A. He has won several awards.
B. He dreams to build an animal shelter.
C. He is good at drawing images of real pets.
D. He gets a lot of help from other organizations.
35 Why did Pavel start the project “Kind Paintbrush”?
A. To attract more volunteers.
B. To promote his paintings in local area.
C. To learn more skills of feeding animals.
D. To memorize his lost pet and help animals.
36. Which of the following words can best describe Pavel?
A. Creative and caring.
B. Polite and intelligent.
C. Modest and ambitious.
D. Humorous and determined.
37. What does the passage mainly tell us?
A. It is never too old to learn.
B. Time and tide wait for no man.
C. A kind act can make a difference.
D. Saying is one thing and doing another.
【答案】34. C 35. D 36. A 37. C
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位9岁的男孩通过画画来帮助动物们。并且建立了公益项目“Kind Paintbrush”，使得越来越多的人参与进来。由此可知，一个小小的善意举动也能造成影响。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段中Pavel, 9-year-old Russian boy, made up his mind to use his talent to reach out to those in need, The young artist from the small city of Arzamas decided to use his love for painting into helping animals（9岁的俄罗斯男孩帕维尔决心用他的天赋去帮助那些需要帮助的人。这位来自小城市Arzamas的年轻艺术家决定用他对绘画的热爱来帮助动物）以及文章倒数第四段中To support the shelter, Pavel draws images of real pets and in return, he is paid with animal food and other needs of the shelter（为了支持这个庇护所，帕维尔画了一些真正的宠物的图片，作为回报，他得到了动物食物和庇护所的其他需求。）由此可知，帕维尔擅长花动物肖像。故选C。
35题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段中The project started as a way to honor the memory of their pet, but has since evolved into a distinctive way of helping animals这个项目开始是为了纪念他们的宠物，这个项目最初是为了纪念他们的宠物，但后来演变成了一种帮助动物的独特方式。由此可知，“Kind Paintbrush”创建的目的是纪念他的宠物以及帮助动物。故选D。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段中The young artist from the small city of Arzamas decided to use his love for painting into helping animals, by exchanging his artwork for animal food and supplies, which are then donated to a local shelter. 这位来自小城市Arzamas的年轻艺术家决定用他对绘画的热爱来帮助动物，用他的艺术作品交换动物的食物和用品，然后捐赠给当地的一家收容所。由此可知，帕维尔通过绘画来交换动物的食品和用品，以此来帮助动物，可见他是非常具有创新性的；根据文章第四段中This isn’t even the first time that mother and son have volunteered their time to a worthy endeavor. They work on their own time and effort, with no support from other organizations. 这甚至不是母亲和儿子第一次自愿花时间做有价值的努力。他们按照自己的时间和精力工作，没有其他组织的支持。由此可知，帕维尔经常做志愿者工作，故他应是非常有爱心的。结合选项，故选A。
【37题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中It’s never too early to start doing good deeds for others. Adults should always be role models for children and the youth, but sometimes those roles are easily exchanged. A young boy did just that—showing that at an early age one can do more to uplift others. 开始为他人做好事永远不会太早。成年人应该永远是儿童和青少年的榜样，但有时这些角色很容易互换。一个年轻的男孩就做到了这一点——这表明一个人在很小的时候就可以做更多的事情来鼓舞他人。由此可知，一个小小的善意的举动也能对他人造成影响。故选C。
C
The research from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shows that food allergies ( 过 敏 ) in children have increased about 50 percent. Common symptoms of allergic responses include itchy mouth, throat tightening, and difficulties in breathing.
Food allergy is a medical condition of exposure to certain foods. It occurs when the immune system attacks the protein in food that in normal cases is harmless. According to reports, more than 170 foods cause allergic reactions. The major food allergens are in eggs, milk, peanuts, wheat, soy, fish, tree nuts, and crustacean shellfish.
There are several reasons behind the rise in food allergies. The food being produced these days is high in sugar, unhealthy fats, genetically modifies and some food farms have pesticides ( 农 药 ) and other food have been injected drugs. All this can have a negative impact on our microbiome (微生物群), which is the basis of good health and immunity.
In a study comparing two children, a 15-year-old who lived in urban Italy and a 14-year-old child from rural Africa, it clearly showed a significant difference in the diversity of bacteria in their guts. The reason lies in their diet. The child from rural Africa has his diet low in fat and rich in plant-based foods which are grown and harvested locally by villagers. In contrast, the Italian kid’s diet was rich in animal protein, sugar then low in fiber. Ultimately, the microbiome of the kid from Italy was less than that of the kid from Africa.
Besides the so-called ‘hygiene hypothesis’ suggests that decreased exposure to microbes in early life can lead to an increased chance of allergies in later life, because of individuals not having built up immunity at a young age.
Yet another reason for the explosion in allergies may be environmental changes. The environment has seen a rise in temperature and is estimated that in the coming decades the temperature could rise even further by 10 degrees. As a result of this warm climate, the growing seasons will be longer, increasing allergen count thus making allergies even worse. According to scientists, climate change is a contributing factor that needs immediate attention.
Dr. R. Sharon, researcher of Allergy and Asthma Research Centre at Stanford University, believes the cause of allergies will ultimately come down to a combination of many factors.
Food allergies have no cure but can be managed by avoiding food that brings the reactions. Scientists are studying food allergies medical methods for general use. They are all trying to actively understand a certain part of the puzzle when it comes to allergies.
38. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Scientists have found an effective method to solve food allergies.
B. There could be many reasons that combine to lead to food allergies.
C. Environmental changes are the most important reason for food allergies.
D. To decrease children’s allergies, we should make them eat less every day.
39. In paragraph 4, the two children are mentioned to show that
A. pesticides have bad effects on people’s food
B. a person’s daily diet can affect his microbiome
C. food allergies have no cure but can be avoided
D. climate change is another factor for food allergies
40. What is the main purpose of this passage?
A. To explain the causes of food allergies.
B. To stress the influences of food allergies.
C. To introduce the solutions to food allergies.
D. To tell people the symptoms of food allergies.
41. What’s the author’s attitude to the treatment of food allergies?
A. Indifferent. B. Positive.
C. Doubtful. D. Critical.
【答案】38. B 39. B 40. A 41. B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了导致食物过敏的原因。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段中There are several reasons behind the rise in food allergies. 食物过敏的增加有几个原因以及倒数第二段中Dr. R. Sharon, researcher of Allergy and Asthma Research Centre at Stanford University, believes the cause of allergies will ultimately come down to a combination of many factors. Dr. R. Sharon相信过敏的原因最终会归结到许多因素的组合。由此可知，导致食物过敏的原因有很多。故选B。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段中All this can have a negative impact on our microbiome (微生物群), which is the basis of good health and immunity. 所有这些都会对我们的微生物群产生负面影响，而微生物群是健康和免疫的基础。以及第四段中Ultimately, the microbiome of the kid from Italy was less than that of the kid from Africa. 最终，来自意大利的孩子的微生物组少于来自非洲的孩子。由此可知，提到两个孩子是为了说明一个人的饮食会对他的微生物群造成影响。故选B。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段中There are several reasons behind the rise in food allergies.以及第五段中Besides, the so-called ‘hygiene hypothesis’ suggests that decreased exposure to microbes in early life can lead to an increased chance of allergies in later life, because of individuals not having built up immunity at a young age. 此外，所谓的“卫生假说”表明，早期接触微生物的减少可能会导致晚年过敏的几率增加，因为人们在年轻时没有建立起免疫系统。以及倒数第三段中Yet another reason for the explosion in allergies may be environmental changes. 另一个过敏症激增的原因可能是环境的变化。According to scientists, climate change is a contributing factor that needs immediate attention. 科学家表示，气候变化是一个需要立即关注的因素。以及倒数第二段中Dr. R. Sharon, researcher of Allergy and Asthma Research Centre at Stanford University, believes the cause of allergies will ultimately come down to a combination of many factors. Dr. R. Sharon相信过敏的原因最终会归结到许多因素的组合。由此可知，文章大篇幅都在讲述过敏的原因。结合选项，故选A。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中Food allergies have no cure but can be managed by avoiding food that brings the reactions. Scientists are studying food allergies medical methods for general use. They are all trying to actively understand a certain part of the puzzle when it comes to allergies. 食物过敏无法治愈，但可以通过避免食用引起过敏反应的食物来控制。科学家们正在研究普遍使用的食物过敏的医学方法。当谈到过敏时，他们都试图积极地理解这个谜题的某一部分。由此可知，作者对于过敏的治疗还是很乐观的。故选B。
D
Say goodbye to standing in long lines holding boarding passes and other travel documents. Step this way, instead. Look into the camera lens and off you go.
Sound convenient? Technology companies working with travel providers and the federal government to install facial recognition systems at airports hope you think so.
But privacy advocators don’t want you to become too comfortable. They worry that what we’re willing to accept for convenience today will soften our resistance to the idea of filling public spaces with cameras that can identify us and track our every move.
Facial recognition technology came suddenly into modern reality with very few people prepared for it. Facial recognition is a biometric technology that uses distinguishable facial features to identify a person. In many cases, we see it being used by governments and law enforcement agencies—testing its accuracy and value for future purposes.
Today, it’s used in a variety of ways from allowing you to unlock your phone, go through security at the airport, purchase products at stores. It checks the identities of ride-hailing drivers, permits tourists to enter attractions and let people pay for things with a smile. Airports are increasingly adding facial recognition technology to security checkpoints. It’s even said that past footage of unsolved mysteries would benefit greatly from this technology as it would help identify the criminals of crimes long forgotten.
However, there has been a serious clash between the government and citizens in general over the technology’s use cases. At an airport, travelers are requested to present their passports, from which the software will determine whether the person standing in front of the camera matches the identity. If it matches, then they can get through quickly. However, the surveillance system searches a large database for the face presented to the camera. Editing such a big database, many worry, will inevitably lead to privacy concerns down the road. The biggest drawback for facial recognition technology in most people’s opinions is the threat to an individual’s privacy.
Some say that it’s the most powerful tool as they fear for their privacy being invaded almost on a daily basis, while the government tries to push it as something necessary for better civil control and crime prevention. Overall, talks usually boil down to whether facial recognition technology should be banned or if it should be regulated.
According to IBM, the banning of facial recognition technology would be a step backward for human scientific advancement. However, restricting it within light regulations could yield just as many gains as it would in a “free market”.
There are many useful applications of facial recognition technology—both at the consumer level as a matter of security and convenience, and for governments and law enforcement agencies. The challenge is finding the balance between those benefits and the expectation of privacy. Banning facial recognition is not the answer. Regulating it, however, may be necessary to put an acceptable framework of rules around its use.
42. With the help of facial recognition, we can _______.
A. purchase products at home
B. figure out unsolved mysteries
C. reduce the number of criminals
D. pass the security at the airport faster
43. What does the underlined word “clash” in paragraph 6 probably mean?
A. Conflict. B. Crisis.
C. Challenge. D. Consequence.
44. Facing the use of this technology, citizens _______.
A. have no idea of its benefit
B. have already got well-prepared
C. worry their information is misused
D. refuse to accept the convenience
45. Which point of view may the author agree to?
A. Banning facial recognition.
B. Debating with the government.
C. Maintaining the current situation.
D. Regulating facial recognition with rules.
【答案】42. D 43. A 44. C 45. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。随着科技的发展，面部识别技术应用于生活的各个层面，但有的人担心这会导致个人隐私大量泄漏，建议禁止使用这项技术，但作者认为，禁止面部识别并不是解决办法，应制定规则来管理这项技术。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一，二段中Say goodbye to standing in long lines holding boarding passes and other travel documents.Step this way, instead. Look into the camera lens and off you go. 别再拿着登机牌和其他旅行证件排着长队了。相反，向这边走。看着镜头，你就可以离开了。以及文章倒数第四段中At an airport, travelers are requested to present their passports, from which the software will determine whether the person standing in front of the camera matches the identity. If it matches, then they can get through quickly. 在机场，旅客们被要求出示他们的护照，该软件将从护照上判断站在摄像机前的人是否符合身份。如果匹配，那么他们可以快速通过。由此可知，有了面部识别技术，我们可以快速机场的安检。故选D。
【43题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第六段中At an airport, travelers are requested to present their passports, from which the software will determine whether the person standing in front of the camera matches the identity. If it matches, then they can get through quickly. However, the surveillance system searches a large database for the face presented to the camera. Editing such a big database, many worry, will inevitably lead to privacy concerns down the road. The biggest drawback for facial recognition technology in most people’s opinions is the threat to an individual’s privacy. 在机场，旅客们被要求出示他们的护照，该软件将从护照上判断站在摄像机前的人是否符合身份。如果匹配，那么他们可以快速通过。然而，监控系统会在一个大型数据库中搜索呈现给摄像机的人脸。许多人担心，编辑如此庞大的数据库将不可避免地导致对隐私的担忧。在大多数人看来，面部识别技术最大的缺点是对个人隐私的威胁。由此可知，在政府和普通公民之间，在技术的用例方面存在着严重的冲突。故clash应意为“冲突”。故选A。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第六段中Editing such a big database, many worry, will inevitably lead to privacy concerns down the road. The biggest drawback for facial recognition technology in most people’s opinions is the threat to an individual’s privacy. 许多人担心，编辑如此庞大的数据库将不可避免地导致对隐私的担忧。在大多数人看来，面部识别技术最大的缺点是对个人隐私的威胁。以及第七段中Some say that it’s the most powerful tool as they fear for their privacy being invaded almost on a daily basis. 一些人说，这是最强大的工具，因为他们几乎每天都担心自己的隐私被侵犯。由此可知，在面对人脸识别这项技术的应用时，很多人都担心自己的隐私被侵犯，被误用。故选C。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中Banning facial recognition is not the answer. Regulating it, however, may be necessary to put an acceptable framework of rules around its use. 禁止面部识别并不是解决办法。然而，对其进行监管，可能需要围绕其使用制定一个可接受的规则框架。故在作者看来，应用规则管理面部识别技术。故选D。
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Suppose you were promised $1,440 each day that comes to $525,600 a year. That could never be reduced or changed in your whole life. Sounds great, doesn’t it? Actually, we all do get 1,440 a day—but in minutes, not dollars. ___46___ It’s possible to get more money, but you can’t make more time.
Many of the management practices that help people make good use of their money can also be applied to your “time currency”. But the question is, are you a good manager of your time? ___47___
Find out where your time is going now. Write down everything you do in a day. Include work, study, cooking and meals, cleaning and household maintenance, sleep, family time and mindless activities such as watching TV and getting lost in social media.
___48___ Ten minutes of planning can save you an hour of time and helps stretch the time you have, and you’ll see pockets of time you can use for things you want to do. “Once people have a clear picture, they actually do have a lot more time than they realize.” Clark, the founder of the Purposeful Planner says.
You can also set limits. Use kitchen timers, phone reminders, apps or other timing devices to stay focused and work more productively, suggests Janine Adams, certified professional organizer of Peace of Mind Organizing.
___49___ When you have missions to run, instead of making three separate trips on three different days to buy groceries, office supplies or home store products, integrate them—visit all three stores in one trip. It’s more efficient to finish “little one-off” tasks together rather than deal with one at a time throughout the day.
At the end of the day, week, month and year, take a look at how well you’ve managed your time. You’ll see where you could do better and where you’ve completed what you set out to do. Booren compares this progress check to reviewing your annual “financial statement”.
___50___Do that over and over and “it forms habit and becomes natural.” Booren says.
A. Try these simple steps to take control of your clock and calendar.
B. Time is one of the most precious and limited resources for people.
C. Grouping small tasks into one job proves to be helpful in daily practice.
D. The most important tasks are not always the same as the most pressing tasks.
E. Focus on what you’re doing and avoid having to repeat the same process twice.
F. Invest a few minutes at the beginning of each day or week to plan and organize.
G. Take time each day to reflect on your achievements and set goals for tomorrow.
【答案】46. B 47. A 48. F 49. C 50. G
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要提出了让你成为优秀的时间管理者的建议。
【46题详解】
根据下文It’s possible to get more money, but you can’t make more time. 可以赚更多的钱，但是你不能赚更多的时间。由此可知，时间对人们来说是最宝贵和有限的资源之一。故选项B（Time is one of the most precious and limited resources for people）承接上文，符合题意。故选B。
【47题详解】
根据上文Many of the management practices that help people make good use of their money can also be applied to your “time currency”. But the question is, are you a good manager of your time? 许多帮助人们充分利用他们的钱的管理实践也可以应用到你的“时间货币”上。但问题是，你是一个好的时间管理者吗？以及下文的几条建议可知，A项（Try these simple steps to take control of your clock and calendar.）尝试这些简单的步骤来控制你的时钟和日历。承上启下，符合题意。故选A。
【48题详解】
根据下文Ten minutes of planning can save you an hour of time and helps stretch the time you have, and you’ll see pockets of time you can use for things you want to do. 十分钟的计划可以为你节省一个小时的时间，并帮助你延长你的时间，你会发现你可以用这些时间来做你想做的事情。故此段主要讲述的是要有计划。故F项（Invest a few minutes at the beginning of each day or week to plan and organize）在每天或每周的开始，花几分钟时间来计划和组织。承接下文，符合题意。故选F。
【49题详解】
根据下文When you have missions to run, instead of making three separate trips on three different days to buy groceries, office supplies or home store products, integrate them—visit all three stores in one trip. It’s more efficient to finish “little one-off” tasks together rather than deal with one at a time throughout the day. 你有任务要执行时，不要在三天内分三次去购买杂货、办公用品或家居用品，而是将它们整合在一起——在一次行程中访问所有三家商店。一起完成“一次性的小任务”比一天一次只做一件事效率更高。由此可知，本段主要讲述把小任务整合在一起做。故C项（Grouping small tasks into one job proves to be helpful in daily practice.）把小任务分成一份工作在日常实践中是很有帮助的。承接下文，符合题意。故选C。
【50题详解】
根据上文At the end of the day, week, month and year, take a look at how well you’ve managed your time. You’ll see where you could do better and where you’ve completed what you set out to do. 在一天、一周、一个月、一年结束的时候，看看你是如何管理你的时间的。你会看到哪里你可以做得更好，哪里你已经完成了你开始做的事情。以及下文Do that over and over and “it forms habit and becomes natural. 反复这样做，就会形成习惯，变得自然。故G项（Take time each day to reflect on your achievements and set goals for tomorrow）每天花点时间反思自己的成就，为明天设定目标。承上启下，符合题意。故选G。
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35 分）
第一节（15 分）
51.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友 Jim 在给你的邮件中提到他今年暑假将来北京参加“外国人朗诵中国诗词大赛”，希望你能为他推荐一首中国诗词。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1. 诗词的题目和作者；
2. 诗词的主要内容；
3. 你推荐该诗词的理由。
注意：1. 词数不少于 50；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
How is everything going? Hopefully everything is fine. From your letter, I’ve learnt that you are going to participate in a Chinese Poetry Recital Contest and you asked for my advice in choosing a Chinese poem for you.
I highly recommend a classical Chinese poem “A Tranquil Night”. It is written by Li Bai, one of the well-known poets from the Tang Dynasty, which witnessed the peak of classical Chinese poetry. In this poem, Li Bai associates the moon with his homesickness, expressing his longing for the reunion with his families.
I have some good reasons for recommending this poem for you. First, this is a pretty simple poem, which means that you can have an easy start with your preparation. Second, this poem is pretty famous for establishing the typical image of the moon through which the poet conveys his homesickness. For centuries, this poem has been read and recited by millions of Chinese people. I am sure the poem will help you build connections with the audience when you are reciting it.
What do you think of my recommendation? If you have got any question, do not hesitate to ask me. Looking forward to your next letter.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。英国好友 Jim 在给你的邮件中提到他今年暑假将来北京参加“外国人朗诵中国诗词大赛”，希望你能为他推荐一首中国诗词。
【详解】写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括: 1. 诗词的题目和作者；2. 诗词的主要内容；
3. 你推荐该诗词的理由。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题対于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的开篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点睛】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如: I’ve learnt that you are going to participate in a Chinese Poetry Recital Contest and you asked for my advice in choosing a Chinese poem for you. 运用了宾语从句；It is written by Li Bai, one of the well-known poets from the Tang Dynasty, which witnessed the peak of classical Chinese poetry.运用了被动语态以及非限制定语从句；f you have got any question, do not hesitate to ask me运用了祈使句。
第二节（20 分）
52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们学校上周组织了一次以“感动中国，感动你我”为主题演讲比赛。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述你参加本次活动的全过程。
注意：词数不少于 60。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Last Friday, our school organized a speech contest themed “Touching the Heart of China”, which proved to be meaningful and memorable.
Last Monday, on the class meeting, our head-teacher announced the detailed information of the speech contest, which aroused our keen interests in the activity. I thought it a good opportunity for me to tell the truly touching stories, so I was determined to take part in the contest.
On arriving at home, I started my preparation work. First of all, I surfed the Internet for some videos and materials related to the theme, including people of different ages and from different backgrounds who made contributions to our country. Then I threw myself into writing my speech referring to the newspapers and magazines reporting their heroic deeds.
The big day came at last. Standing on the stage in the school auditorium, I delivered my speech in which I described doctors and nurses’ moving deeds and saluted to them with the highest admiration. All the audiences were deeply moved by my words. At the end of my speech, they gave loud applauses.
It surprised me that I won the First Prize. With the diploma in hand, I was honored to accept the interview from the host. I expressed that the activity came to an end, but the moving deeds still happens every day in our country. We should respect and learn from these people who have touched the heart of every Chinese.
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。你们学校上周组织了一次以“感动中国，感动你我”为主题的演讲比赛。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述你参加本次活动的全过程。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般过去时。
要求：按照图画顺序写
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
theme; aroused our keen interests in ; make contributions to; refer to; delivered speech; salute to sb; come to an end; touch the heart of every Chinese.
第三步：连词成句
1. Last Friday, our school organized a speech contest themed “Touching the Heart of China”, which proved to be meaningful and memorable
2. Last Monday, on the class meeting, our head-teacher announced the detailed information of the speech contest, which aroused our keen interests in the activity
3. I thought it a good opportunity for me to tell the truly touching stories, so I was determined to take part in the contest.
4. I surfed the Internet for some videos and materials related to the theme, including people of different ages and from different backgrounds who made contributions to our country.
5 .I delivered my speech in which I described doctors and nurses’ moving deeds and saluted to them with the highest admiration.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last
2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,
3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…
4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句，如Last Friday, our school organized a speech contest themed “Touching the Heart of China”, which proved to be meaningful and memorable这句话运用了which引导的非限制定语从句；使用了一些固定词组，如aroused our keen interests in ; make contributions to; refer to; delivered speech等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
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