上海市普陀区2020届高三一模考试英语试题


普陀区2019学年第一学期高三英语质量调研
英语试卷
考生注意：
1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2. 本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上, 在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. She is going to Thailand. B. She is going on vacation.
C. She likes collecting postcards. D. She has traveled all over the world.
2. A. To go out to have a cup of coffee. B. To enjoy the coffee in the office.
C. To make a cup of coffee for him. D. To help him finish the program.
3. A. In a civil court. B. In a cybercafé. C. At a sports club. D. At a theatre.
4. A. Engineering. B. Geography. C. Math. D. Physics.
5. A. 14:00. B. 17:00 C. 18:00. D: 19:00.
6. A. The man will pick up Professor Rice at her office.
B. The man didn’t expect his paper to be graded so soon.
C. Professor Rice has given the man a very high grade.
D. Professor Rice won’t see her student in her office.
7. A. She had to be a liar sometimes. B. She is required to be slim.
C. She had little chance for promotion. D. Her salary is not satisfactory.
8 A. There was no park nearby.
B. The woman hasn’t seen the film yet.
C. The weather wasn’t ideal for a walk.
D. It would be easier to go to the cinema.
9. A. Dr. White comes from Greece.
B. The woman couldn't understand Greek at all.
C. The woman didn’t follow the professor’s explanation.
D. Dr. White talked about the geography of Greece yesterday.
10. A. It is more comfortable and convenient to take a bus.
B. It is worth the money taking a plane to Vancouver.
C. It is not always more expensive going by air.
D. It is faster to go to Vancouver by bus.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Babies have the ability to learn before birth.
B. Newborn babies are influenced by mothers’ ability.
C. Newborn babies can recognize the sounds of their mother.
D. Babies only want food and to be kept warm and dry.
12. A. By 18 months of age. B. By 6 months of age.
C. By two years of age. D. By one year of age.
13. A. They can recognize the different surroundings.
B. They can identify the sounds of the mother tongue.
C. They can imitate the sounds of the second language.
D. They can differ the sounds of two different languages.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. To form an official league team. B. To join the Organization Earth.
C. To win the world championship. D. To compete with Greece’s best teams.
15. A. A luxurious life is no longer a dream.
B. Life in the refugee camp is at times tense.
C. The players care more about their racial identity.
D. There are fewer fights between people of different races.
16. A. Organization Earth is composed of refugees.
B. The love for the football brings the refugees together.
C. Greek government provides support for football training.
D. Hope Refugee United has beaten the Greece’s best team.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. A tourist guidebook. B. An annual traveler report.
C. A travelling magazine. D. An airport ranking list.
18. A. 3 weeks. B. 13 days. C. 31 hours. D. 3 hours.
19. A. To illustrate the poor service.
B. To state the cause of the delay.
C. To praise the kindness of other passengers.
D. To complain about the position of the Gate.
20. A. They provide useless directions and services.
B. They are completely indifferent to travelers’ needs.
C. They are extremely caring about passengers’ safety.
D. They provide the wrong address of the nearby hospital.
II. Grammar and vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Surprise! A New Penguin
A team of scientists in New Zealand recently came across the remains of a previously unknown species of penguin—by mistake. The discovery of the Waitaha penguin species, which has been extinct for 500 years, is exciting news for the scientific community ___1___ it gives new insight into how past extinction events can help shape the present environment.
The researchers uncovered the Waitaha penguin remains while studying New Zealand’s rare yellow-eyed penguin. The team wanted to investigate the effects ___2___ humans have had on the now endangered species. They studied centuries-old bones from ___3___ they thought were yellow-eyed penguins and compared them with the bones of modern yellow-eyed penguins. Surprisingly, some of the bones were older than ___4___ (expect). Even more shockingly, the DNA in the bones indicated that they did not belong to yellow-eyed penguins. The scientists concluded that these very old bones ___5___ have belonged to a previously unknown species, which they named the Waitaha penguin.
By studying the bones, scientists further concluded that the Waitaha penguin was once native ___6___ New Zealand. But after the settlement of humans on the island country, its population ___7___ (wipe) out.
Based on the ages of the bones of both penguin species, the team discovered a gap in time between the disappearance of the Waitaha and the arrival of the yellow-eyed penguin. The time gap indicates that the extinction of the Waitaha penguin created the opportunity for the yellow-eyed penguin population ___8___ (migrate) to New Zealand.
___9___ yellow-eyed penguins thrived （兴盛） in New Zealand for many years, that species now also faces extinction. The yellow-eyed penguin today is considered one of the world’s ___10___ (rare) species of penguin, with an estimated population of 7,000 that is now the focus of an extensive conservation effort in New Zealand.
【答案】1. because/since/as
2. that/ which
3. what 4. expected
5. must 6. to
7. was wiped
8. to migrate
9. Though/ Although/While
10. rarest
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家发现了已经灭绝了500年的怀塔哈企鹅物种以及这一发现的意义。
【1题详解】
考查原因状语从句。句意：已经灭绝了500年的怀塔哈企鹅物种的发现对科学界来说是一个令人兴奋的消息，因为它让我们对过去的灭绝事件如何帮助塑造现在的环境有了新的认识。根据意可知前后是因果关系，空处引导原因状语从句，故填because/since/as。
【2题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：研究小组想调查人类对现在濒临灭绝的物种的影响。此处为定语从句，关系词指代先行词effects并在从句中做have had的宾语，故填that/ which。
【3题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：他们研究了几百年前他们认为是黄眼企鹅的骨骼，并将它们与现代黄眼企鹅的骨骼进行了比较。此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，故填what。
【4题详解】
考查省略。句意：令人惊讶的是，有些骨头比预期的要古老。此处实际上是一种省略，完整部分应该是than they had been expected，省略了they had been，故填expected。
【5题详解】
考查情态动词+have done结构。句意：科学家们得出结论，这些非常古老的骨头一定属于一个以前未知的物种，他们命名为怀塔哈企鹅。must have done表示对过去事情非常有把握的肯定推测，表示“一定……”，故填must。
【6题详解】
考查介词。句意：通过对这些骨头的研究，科学家们进一步得出结论，怀塔哈企鹅曾经是新西兰本土的企鹅。be native to表示“原产于、是……的本土动物”，故填to。
【7题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：但是人类在这个岛国定居之后，它们就被消灭了。population与wipe out之间是被动关系，而且事情发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是population，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填was wiped。
【8题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：时间间隔表明，怀塔哈企鹅的灭绝为黄眼企鹅种群迁徙到新西兰创造了机会。opportunity后接不定式做后置定语，表示“……的机会”，故填to migrate。
【9题详解】
考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管黄眼企鹅在新西兰繁衍多年，但该物种现在也面临灭绝。根据句意可知前后是让步关系，此处表示“尽管、虽然”，故填Though/ Although/While。
【10题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：如今，黄眼企鹅被认为是世界上最稀有的企鹅物种之一。one of后的名词通常用形容词最高级修饰，故填rarest。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder, or ASD, affects how people communicate with and relate to others. Most people with autism don’t understand some of the basic social ___11___ that others take for granted. They might have trouble making eye contact, holding a conversation, or recognizing gestures. And over one-third of people with ASD are nonverbal, meaning they don’t use speech. Along with communication ___12___, people with autism often like to follow certain patterns or ___13___ behaviors. Many are sensitive to bright light or loud noises, and others have physical problems, like trouble walking or picking up small objects. Some have ___14___ disabilities, but about half have average or above average IQs. It’s also common for people with autism to have a great long-term memory for certain details, and many excel in math, science, music, or art.
With such a wide variety of symptoms, no two people with ASD are alike. The behaviors vary so much that they used to be ___15___ as different disorders. One was Asperger Syndrome, where people obsess over particular topics, ___16___nonverbal social cues, and may not understand appropriate social behaviors.
Even though there’s no cure for ASD, therapy and medication can help people adjust. Scientists are also doing clinical ___17___ to find other solutions. They’ve learned that 1 out of every 68 children in the US has the disorder, but they still aren’t sure what causes it. No matter why it happens, ASD is being ___18___ at a higher rate every year. This doesn’t mean it’s becoming more common. It just means more people are aware of the condition and getting professional help early, and awareness is ___19___. The more we learn about autism, the more we can understand and relate to those who have it.
It’s important to note that people with ASD deserve the same respect, fairness and chances that people without ASD receive. This will help people with ASD ___20___ and grow in our communities.
【答案】11. B 12. G
13. J 14. F
15. C 16. I
17. K 18. E
19. D 20. A
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了自闭症的症状以及我们该如何帮助自闭症患者。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：大多数自闭症患者不理解一些其他人认为理所当然的基本社会习俗。做动词understand的宾语用名词，空后说他们可能无法进行眼神交流、进行对话或识别手势，超过三分之一的自闭症患者不爱说话，这说明他们不理解一些基本的社会习俗，此处表示“习俗”，故填B。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：除了沟通问题，自闭症患者通常喜欢遵循某些模式或重复行为。做介词短语Along with的宾语用名词，空前说自闭症患者无法进行眼神交流、进行对话或识别手势，这都属于沟通问题，此处表示“问题”，故填G。
【13题详解】
考查形容词。句意同上，此处缺少形容词修饰名词behaviors ，根据常识可知，自闭症患者总是重复某一行为，repeated是过去分词转化而来的形容词，表示“重复的”，故填J。
【14题详解】
考查形容词。句意：有些患者有智力障碍，但大约一半的患者智商平均或高于平均水平。修饰名词disabilities用形容词，根据“about half have average or above average IQs.”可知此处表示“智力的”，故填F。
【15题详解】
考查动词。句意：这些行为变化如此之大，以至于它们曾经被归类为不同的疾病。此处缺少动词做谓语，根据“as different disorders.”可知此处表示“归类”，they与之是被动关系，用的是被动语态，此处填过去分词，故填C。
16题详解】
考查动词。句意：一种是阿斯伯格综合症，患者沉迷于特定的话题，错过了非语言的社交线索，可能无法理解适当的社会行为。此处缺少动词与obsess并列做谓语，根据“obsess over particular topics”可知此处表示“错过”，故填I。
【17题详解】
考查名词。句意：科学家们也在进行临床试验以寻找其他的治疗方法。做动词doing的宾语用名词，根据“to find other solutions”可知此处表示“试验”，故填K。
【18题详解】
考查动词。句意：不管是什么原因，自闭症的诊断率每年都在上升。此处用的是现在进行时的被动语态，需要填过去分词，根据“at a higher rate every year”可知此处表示“诊断”，故填E。
【19题详解】
考查形容词。句意：对自闭症的了解至关重要。此处缺少形容词做表语，空后说我们对自闭症了解得越多，就越能理解并与自闭症患者建立联系，因此此处表示“至关重要”，故填D。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：这将帮助自闭症患者适应我们的社区和在此成长。help sb do sth表示“帮助某人做某事”，根据“and grow in our communities.”可知此处表示“适应”，故填A。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Stage Fright
Fall down as you come onstage. That’s an odd trick. Not recommended. But it saved the pianist Feltsman when he was a teenager back in Moscow. The experienced cellist Rostropovich tripped him purposely to ___21___ him of pre-performance panic. Mr. Feltsman said, “All my fright was gone. I already fell. What else could happen?”
Today, music schools are addressing the problem of ___22___ in classes that deal with performance techniques and career preparation. There are a variety of strategies that musicians can learn to fight stage fright and its symptoms: icy fingers, shaky limbs, racing heart, ___23___ mind.
Teachers and psychologists offer wide-ranging ___24___, from basics like learning pieces inside out, to mental discipline, ___25___ visualizing a performance and taking steps to relax. Don’t deny that you’re tense, they urge; some excitement is ___26___, even necessary for dynamic playing. And play in public often, simply for the experience.
Psychotherapist Diane Nichols suggests some strategies for the moments before ___27___, “Take two deep abdominal(腹部) breaths, open up your shoulders, then smile,” she says. “And not one of these ‘please don’t kill me’ smiles. Then choose three friendly faces in the ___28___, people you would communicate with and make music to, and make eye contact with them. “She doesn’t want performers to think of the audience as a judge.
Extreme demands by conductors or parents are often ___29___ stage fright, says Dorothy Delay, a well-known violin teacher. She tells other teachers to demand only what their students are able to achieve. .
When Lynn Harrell was 20, he became the principal cellist of the Cleverland Orchestra, and he suffered extreme stage fright. “There were times when I got so nervous I was sure the audience could see my chest responding to the heartbeat, which was just total ___30___. I came to a point where I thought, ‘If I have to go through this to play music, I think I’ m going to look for another job.’” Recovery, he said, involved developing humbleness—recognizing that whatever his talent, he was likely to make mistakes, and that an ___31___ concert was not a disaster.
It is not only ___32___ artists who suffer, of course. The legendary pianist Vladimir Horowitz’s nerves were famous. The great singer Franco Corelli is another example. “We had to push him on stage,” his partners recalled.
___33___, success can make things worse. “In the beginning of your career, when you’re scared to death, nobody knows who you are, and they don’t have any ___34___,” Singer June Anderson said. “There’s less to lose. Later on, when you’re known, people are coming to see you, and they have certain expectations. You have a lot to ___35___. ” He added, “I never stop being nervous until I’ve sung my last note.”
21. A. assure B. cure C. remind D. rob
22. A. anxiety B. adolescence C. principle D. psychology
23. A. absent B. blank C. keen D. narrow
24. A. advice B. choices C. services D. education
25. A. instead of B. along with C. such as D. with regard to
26. A. definite B. neutral C. natural D. precious
27. A. ceremony B. performance C. lecture D. rehearsal
28. A. audience B. orchestra C. staff D. choir
29. A. at the face of B. at the root of C. in favour of D. in contrast with
30. A. craze B. fault C. failure D. panic
31. A. unusual B. imperfect C. invalid D. unpopular
32. A. talented B. unknown C. young D. experienced
33. A. Actually B. Certainly C. Luckily D. Similarly
34. A. appreciation B. contribution C. expectation D. satisfaction
35. A. learn B. offer C. say D. lose
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了音乐表演艺术家怯场这一现象，并分析了原因以及提供了克服怯场的策略。
【21题详解】
1考查动词词义辨析。句意：经验丰富的大提琴演奏家罗斯特罗波维奇故意绊倒他，以治疗演奏前的恐慌。A. assure担保；B. cure治疗、治愈；C. remind提醒；D. rob抢夺。空后费尔茨曼说自己所有的恐惧都消失了，这说明大提琴演奏家罗斯特罗波维奇故意绊倒他是为了治疗他演奏前的恐慌，故B项正确。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天，音乐学校正在解决课堂上的焦虑问题，这些课程涉及表演技巧和职业准备。A. anxiety焦虑；B. adolescence青春期；C. principle原则；D. psychology心理。根据上文举的费尔茨曼的例子及常识可知，舞台恐惧属于焦虑问题，故A项正确。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：音乐家可以学习多种策略来对抗舞台恐惧及其症状：手指冰凉、四肢发抖、心跳加速、头脑空白。A. absent缺席的；B. blank空白的；C. keen渴望的；D. narrow狭隘的。根据常识可知，头脑空白是舞台恐惧的症状之一，故B项正确。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：老师和心理学家提供广泛的建议，从基本的东西，如从内到外的学习到心理训练，如观看表演和采取措施放松。A. advice建议；B. choices选择；C. services服务；D. education教育。根据空后的“from basics like learning pieces inside out, to mental discipline,”可知此处指“建议”，故A项正确。
【25题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意同上。A. instead of而不是；B. along with同……一起；C. such as诸如；D. with regard to至于。空后的观看表演和采取措施放松是对心理训练的举例，需要用such as引出例子，故C项正确。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不要否认你的紧张，有些小兴奋是自然的，甚至是有活力的比赛所必需的。A. definite确切的；B. neutral中性的；C. natural自然的；D. precious宝贵的。空前说不要否认你的紧张，此处解释原因，即有些小兴奋是自然的，甚至是必需的，故C项正确。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：心理治疗专家黛安·尼科尔斯建议在表演前的几分钟采取一些策略，“做两次深呼吸，张开肩膀，然后微笑，”她说。A. ceremony仪式；B. performance表演；C. lecture演讲；D. rehearsal排练。本文主要讨论的就是克服舞台恐惧的策略，因此此处指“在登台表演之前”，故B项正确。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后在观众中选出三张友好的面孔并与之交流。A. audience观众、听众；B. orchestra管弦乐团；C. staff职员；D. choir唱诗班。空后说她不希望演奏者把观众当成评委，因此此处是说要与观众进行交流，故A项正确。
【29题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：著名小提琴教师多萝西•迪莱表示，指挥家或家长的极端要求往往是怯场的根源。A. at the face of在……面前；B. at the root of是……的根源；C. in favour of支持；D. in contrast with形成对比。空后说她告诉其他老师，只要求学生能够做到的事情，因此她认为指挥家或家长的极端要求往往是怯场的根源，故B项正确。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时候我很紧张，我确信观众可以看到我的胸部对心跳的反应，那完全是恐慌。A. craze狂热；B. fault错误；C. failure失败；D. panic恐慌。林恩·哈雷尔说他紧张得甚至观众都能看到他心跳时胸部的起伏，这说明他极度恐慌，故D项正确。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一场不完美音乐会也不是灾难。A. unusual不寻常的；B. imperfect不完美的；C. invalid无效的；D. unpopular不受欢迎的。空前说要认识到不管一个人多么有才能，他都有可能犯错误，因此一场不完美的音乐会不是灾难，故B项正确。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当然，受怯场之苦的不仅仅是年轻艺术家。A. talented有才能的；B. unknown不知名的；C. young年轻的；D. experienced老练的。上文提到的学生和20岁时的林恩·哈雷尔都是年轻人，空后又说传奇钢琴家弗拉基米尔霍洛维茨的怯场也是出了名的，伟大的歌手弗朗哥·科雷利甚至要被搭档推上舞台才能表演，因此不是只有年轻的艺术家才怯场，故C项正确。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，成功会让事情变得更糟。A. Actually实际上；B. Certainly当然；C. Luckily幸运地；D. Similarly相似地。根据空后歌手琼·安德森所说的话可知，实际上，成功会让艺术家的怯场更加严重，故A项正确。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：歌手琼·安德森说：“在你职业生涯的初期，当你被吓死的时候，没有人认识你，他们也没有任何期望。” A. appreciation感激；B. contribution贡献；C. expectation期望；D. satisfaction满意。刚步入演艺生涯的时候，你还不出名，观众自然不会对你抱有什么期望，故C项正确。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：你害怕失去的东西也多了。A. learn学习；B. offer提供；C. say说；D. lose失去。后来，空前说随着你的名气越来越大，人们对你的期望也多了，所以你害怕失去的东西也多了，故D项正确。
【点睛】本篇第12空B项unknown的干扰性较大，抓住上下文的举例是关键，根据上文中的“students”及“When Lynn Harrell was 20”可知，上文提到的学生和20岁时的林恩·哈雷尔都是年轻人，空后又说传奇钢琴家弗拉基米尔霍洛维茨的怯场也是出了名的，伟大的歌手弗朗哥·科雷利甚至要被搭档推上舞台才能表演，因此受怯场之苦的不仅仅是年轻艺术家，因此此处侧重指艺术家从年轻到成年的成长经历，而不是从不出名到出名的成名经历，故C项（young）正确。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Leftover again? Hurray
Here’s the deal: You’re as hungry as a horse and you want a delicious meal from a fine restaurant, but you’re a little low on funds.
So what do you do? If you happen to live in Europe, the answer is as easy as pie: You pull out your smartphone or tablet, and tap Too Good To Go, Europe’s most popular app. Approximately 23,000 restaurants and food sellers post their leftover offerings on the app for half their usual cost.
Why all this incredible generosity? Unbelievably, one-third of the world’s food is thrown away, and nearly one billion people don’t have enough to eat. Besides, burning wasted food releases harmful carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere, which contributes to climate change. That’s why environment-minded companies around the world are creating apps for phones, tablets, and other smart devices that connect uneaten food with people who want or need it.
After a long day at work, Anne, a 34-year-old student, pulls out her smartphone and chooses a noodle dish—pasta with mushrooms. Then she heads to a restaurant on the banks of the Spree River, where the owner packs her dinner and also offers her a scoop of free ice cream, which is a reward for bringing her own container.
Indeed, there are many programs serving the same mission around the world. In America, people are using an app called Food for All. One hour before a restaurant closes, its staff can post leftover meals to the app for up to 80 percent off menu prices. The app also allows customers to donate leftover meals to others.
In the Netherlands, 77,000 people have downloaded an app called NoFoodWasted. This program allows grocery store workers to share products that are approaching their expiration dates with customers who might need them.
Some countries are taking their commitment to reducing food waste a step further. France and the Czech Republic, for example, have laws that prohibit restaurants and grocery stores from throwing away food. Instead, workers are required to donate that food to charity.
So think about if there might be a better use for your uneaten vegetables. The planet will thank you.
36. What is this passage mainly about?
A. Restaurants can post leftover meals on the app Food for All.
B. Apps are designed connecting leftover food with people in need.
C. Stores share food approaching their expiration dates with customers.
D. It’s popular for people to claim food that might otherwise be thrown away.
37. What is the result when lots of food is thrown out and later burned up?
A. Carbon dioxide is given off, worsening the problem of climate change.
B. Some countries have laws making restaurants donate the food they make.
C. Governments have made many apps that let people find cheap meals.
D. Nearly one billion people on the planet do not get enough food to eat.
38. What can you infer from the passage?
A. Anne packed a tasty pasta and mushroom dish to give away to charity.
B. The restaurant Anne visits sells its leftover food at a discount each day.
C. The 80-percent-off deal offered on app is not available during lunch hours.
D. Laws have been passed to prevent restaurants from throwing out leftover food.
39. This passage would be most useful for a student research project on _____.
A. application of technology to help solve the problem of leftover food
B. laws to help promote the safe transportation and sale of food products
C. restaurants using high-tech solutions to reduce packaging waste
D. methods to design apps that connect restaurants with customers
【答案】36. B 37. A 38. C 39. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几款将剩余的食物与有需要的人联系起来的应用程序。
【36题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第二段中的“You pull out your smartphone or tablet, and tap Too Good To Go, Europe’s most popular app. Approximately 23,000 restaurants and food sellers post their leftover offerings on the app for half their usual cost.”可知，拿出智能手机或平板电脑，点击欧洲最受欢迎的应用程序Too Good To Go，大约有2.3万家餐厅和食品销售商在该应用程序上发布他们的剩菜剩菜，价格只有平时的一半，再根据倒数第四段中的“Indeed, there are many programs serving the same mission around the world. ”可知，世界上还很多这样的应用程序，由此可知，本文主要介绍的是几款将剩余的食物与有需要的人联系起来的应用程序，故B项正确。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Besides, burning wasted food releases harmful carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere, which contributes to climate change.”可知，此外，燃烧浪费的食物会释放有害的二氧化碳排放到大气中，这将加剧气候变化，故A项正确。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中的“One hour before a restaurant closes, its staff can post leftover meals to the app for up to 80 percent off menu prices.”可知，餐厅关门前一小时，员工可以将剩饭贴到应用程序上，最高可享受菜单价格八折的优惠，而餐厅通常都是在晚上关门的，由此可知，八折优惠在午餐时间是不可用的，故C项正确。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍几款将剩余的食物与有需要的人联系起来的应用程序，属于利用科技解决食物浪费问题的范畴，因此这篇文章会对一项关于应用科技帮助解决剩饭问题的学生研究项目最有用，故A项正确。
【点睛】本篇第1题主旨大意题的难度较大在于文章没有明显的主题句，需要我们自己概括，通读全文，特别是根据文中出现的多个应用程序的名称可知文章是关于一些应用程序的，根据第二段中的“You pull out your smartphone or tablet, and tap Too Good To Go, Europe’s most popular app. Approximately 23,000 restaurants and food sellers post their leftover offerings on the app for half their usual cost.”可知，拿出智能手机或平板电脑，点击欧洲最受欢迎的应用程序Too Good To Go，大约有2.3万家餐厅和食品销售商在该应用程序上发布他们的剩菜剩菜，价格只有平时的一半，再根据倒数第四段中的“Indeed, there are many programs serving the same mission around the world. ”可知，世界上还很多这样的应用程序，由此可知，本文主要介绍的是几款将剩余的食物与有需要的人联系起来的应用程序，故B项正确。
(B)
Read the information taken from the pain reliever bottles and answer the questions.

Medicine A
Drug Facts
Active ingredient Purpose
(in each tablet)
Pain reliever/
325 mg…………..…………fever reducer
Uses
provides temporary relief of
■ headache ■ pain and fever of colds
■ toothache ■ muscle pain
■ minor pain of arthritis
Warnings
Reye’s syndrome: Children and teenagers who have or are recovering from chicken pox or flu-like symptoms should not use this product. When using this product, if changes in behavior with nausea and vomiting occur, consult a doctor because these symptoms could be an early sign of Reye’s syndrome, a rare but serious illness.
Alcohol warning: If you consume 3 or more alcoholic drinks every day, ask your doctor whether you should take aspirin or other pain relievers/fever reducers. Aspirin may cause stomach bleeding.
Ask a doctor before use if you have
■asthma ■stomach problems that persist or recur ■ulcers ■ bleeding problems
Stop use and ask a doctor if
■ pain worsens or lasts more than 10 days
■ fever worsens or lasts more than 3 days
■ new symptoms occur
■ redness or swelling is presents
■ ringing in the ears or loss of hearing occurs
Directions
■ adults: 1 to 2 tablets with water. Dosage may be repeated every 4 hours, not to exceed 12 tablets in 24 hours.
■ children under 12: consult a doctor.

Medicine B
Drug Facts
------------------------------------------------
Active ingredient Purpose
(in each gelcap)
Pain reliever/
500mg…………………..…fever reducer
Uses
■ temporarily relieves minor aches and pains due to headache, muscular aches, backache, the common cold, toothache, minor pain of arthritis
■ temporarily reduces fever
Warnings
Alcohol warning: If you consume 3 or more alcoholic drinks every day, ask your doctor whether you should take This product or other pain relievers/fever reducers. This product may cause liver damage.
Overdose warning: Taking more than
the recommend dose (overdose) may cause liver damage. In case of overdose get medical help or contact a Poison Control Center right away. Quick medical attention is critical for adults as well as for children even if you do not notice any signs or symptoms.
Directions
■ do not take more than directed (see
overdose warning)
■ adults and children 12 years and over: take 2 gelcaps every 4 to 6 hours as needed. Do not take more than 8 gelcaps in 24 hours.
■ children under 12 years: do not use this adult Extra Strength product in children under 12 years of age; this will provide more than the recommended dose (overdose) of acetaminophen and may cause liver damage.


40. Which medicine may hurt liver according to the instructions?
A. Medicine A. B. Medicine B.
C. Both medicines. D. Neither medicine.
41. These two medicines are most suitable for _____.
A. a child who has a common cold B. an adult who has trouble falling asleep
C. a teenager who slightly hurt his wrist D. an old man who has stomach bleeding
42. Which of the following can be found in the instructions?
A. Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI). B. Ingredients of the medicine.
C. Facts about the origin of the medicine. D. Names of the doctors to consult.
【答案】40. B 41. C 42. A
【解析】
本文是一篇应用文，介绍了两种药的说明书。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据Medicine B中Warnings部分中的“This product may cause liver damage.”可知，Medicine B可能会伤肝，故B项正确。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据对这两种药的功效的介绍中的“■ minor pain of arthritis”及“minor pain of arthritis”可知，这两种药都能够缓解关节的轻微疼痛，因此这两种药适合手腕轻微受伤的青少年服用，故C项正确。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据两种药Directions部分中的“■ adults: 1 to 2 tablets with water. Dosage may be repeated every 4 hours, not to exceed 12 tablets in 24 hours.”及“■ adults and children 12 years and over: take 2 gelcaps every 4 to 6 hours as needed. Do not take more than 8 gelcaps in 24 hours.”可知，两种药的说明书中都提到了可接受的每日服用量，故A项正确。
(C)
Imagine how you’d feel if you had to get more than 9,000 tons of junk out to the sidewalk. That’s how much trash is floating around in space. In fact, there’s about 4 million pounds flying over our heads in low-Earth orbit. Daan, a Dutch artist, and his team at Space Waste Lab have come up with a creative plan that could clear up space junk in a spectacular fashion.
①Most space waste comes from dead satellites and rockets. Functioning satellites are the backbone of the information systems that keep our world running smoothly. But all the satellites eventually become obsolete within just a few decades. When they die out, there’s the problem of them drifting in outer space, collecting in what scientists call the “graveyard orbit.”
Maybe you’re thinking, “Why should I care about garbage 12,500 miles above me?” Well, all that fun stuff that satellites help beam down to us—mobile games, Instagram, cat videos—could be shut down by space waste. Lots of old junk floating around up there, plus new satellites added each year, means more and more high-speed collisions (碰撞). And when chunks of junk crash into one another, they break apart into millions of pieces, quickly building up speed and turning into fast-moving objects, which are dangerous to operational satellites as well as astronauts working on the International Space Station.
②Space waste is a problem that’s escalated so much, some scientists say that by 2050 we’ll be forced to stop launching new spacecraft altogether, including new satellites. Think about that for a minute. When the last satellites finally become disused, GPS, cell phones, and the Internet will no longer function.
③So we have to find a way to deal with this space garbage, and Daan pictures a sort of trash pickup, which involves groups of small spacecraft casting large nets into orbit that would collect space debris (碎片) and send it back toward Earth at top speed. Here’s the best part—while reentering Earth’s atmosphere, the pieces of junk would burn up all at once, creating a light show similar to hundreds of shooting stars falling in the night sky. A spectacle indeed!
To get ready for such an amazing effort, Space Waste Lab has been traveling to major cities across Europe and enlightening the public on the problem of the junk in space. ④But Daan doesn’t just talk about ways to relieve the problem—he’s created something a little grander than that. In October 2018, his team launched Space Waste Lab Performance, an outdoor art exhibition that shows the location of each piece of space trash using large lasers that make each debris look a bit like a star wandering slowly and silently over the sky, allowing viewers to wave and say, “Hallo, space trash!”
43. The word “obsolete” (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to “______”.
A. accessible B. profitable
C. floating D. outdated
44. According to the passage, which sentence best replaces the question mark in the diagram?

A. Working satellites can be damaged and astronauts can be hurt.
B. Satellites can help people track the weather and find new locations.
C. There is more junk floating in space each year as new satellites are added.
D. The Space Waste Lab Performance can show people where satellites are located.
45. Which of the following best supports the idea that space waste should be dealt with very soon？
A. Sentences ① B. Sentence ②
C. Sentence ③ D. Sentence ④
46. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. Space Junk Harms Digital Systems
B. Artists’ Proposal to Save Space
C. A New Glimpse into Outer Space
D. Test of Waste Collection Nets
【答案】43. D 44. A 45. B 46. B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了荷兰艺术家达恩和他在太空垃圾实验室的团队提出了一个创意计划，可以以壮观的方式清理太空垃圾。
【43题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“When they die out, there’s the problem of them drifting in outer space, collecting in what scientists call the “graveyard orbit.”可知，当它们被废弃时，它们就会在外太空漂流，被科学家们称为“墓地轨道”的地方会把它们收集起来，因此此处是说所有的卫星最终都在短短几十年内被淘汰，由此可知画线词词义为“淘汰、使过时”，故D项正确。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。本题实际上考的是太空垃圾的危害，根据第三段中的“And when chunks of junk crash into one another, they break apart into millions of pieces, quickly building up speed and turning into fast-moving objects, which are dangerous to operational satellites as well as astronauts working on the International Space Station.”可知，当大块的太空垃圾相互碰撞时，它们会分裂成数百万块，很快加速并变成快速移动的物体，这对运行中的卫星以及在国际空间站工作的宇航员都是危险的，由此可知，太空垃圾会损坏工作中的卫星并使宇航员受伤，故A项正确。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。第一句话的意思是：大多数太空垃圾来自于废弃的卫星和火箭，运行正常的卫星是信息系统的骨干，这些系统使我们的世界保持平稳运行；第二句话的意思是：太空垃圾是一个日益严重的问题，一些科学家说，到2050年，我们将被迫完全停止发射新的航天器，包括新的卫星。；第三句话的意思是：因此，我们必须找到一种方法来处理这些太空垃圾，达恩拍摄了一种垃圾收集装置，其中包括一组小型航天器将大网撒入轨道，收集太空垃圾并以最高速度将其送回地球；第四句话的意思是：但达恩不仅仅是在谈论如何解决问题，他创造了一个比这更伟大的东西。根据第二句话句意再结合其下一句所说的“当最后一颗卫星最终报废时，全球定位系统、手机和互联网将不再发挥作用”，这突出了处理太空垃圾的紧迫性，因此第二句话最能支持太空垃圾应该很快处理的观点，故B项正确。
【46题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的“Daan, a Dutch artist, and his team at Space Waste Lab have come up with a creative plan that could clear up space junk in a spectacular fashion.”可知，本文主要介绍了荷兰艺术家达恩和他在太空垃圾实验室的团队提出了一个创意计划，可以以壮观的方式清理太空垃圾，故B项最适合做文章标题。
【点睛】本篇第1题词义猜测题的难度较大，对画线词下文的理解是关键，根据画线词后的“When they die out, there’s the problem of them drifting in outer space, collecting in what scientists call the “graveyard orbit.”可知，当它们被废弃时，它们就会在外太空漂流，被科学家们称为“墓地轨道”的地方会把它们收集起来，因此此处是说所有的卫星最终都在短短几十年内被淘汰，特别是“die out”表明画线词词义为“淘汰、使过时”，故D项正确。
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
How Colleges Can Measure Up in Teaching “Critical Thinking”
After becoming president of Purdue University in 2013, Mitch Daniels asked the teaching staff to prove that their students have actually achieved one of higher education’s most important goals: critical thinking skills. ____47____ Mr. Daniels needed to justify the high cost of attending Purdue to its students and their families. After all, the percentage of Americans who say a college degree is “very important” has fallen dramatically in the last 5-6 years.
Purdue now has a pilot test to assess students’ critical thinking skills. _____48_____ However, they need not worry so much. The results of a recent experiment showed that professors could use standard grading scale to measure how well students did in three key areas: critical thinking, written communication and language literacy.
_____49_____ The organizers of the experiment concluded that far fewer students were achieving at high levels on critical thinking than they were doing for written communication or language literacy. And that conclusion is based only on students nearing graduation.
American universities, despite their global reputation for excellence in teaching, have only begun to demonstrate what they can produce in real-world learning. Knowledge-based degrees are still important, but employers are demanding advanced thinking skills from college graduates. _____50_____
A. If the intellectual worth of a college degree can be accurately measured, more people will seek higher education―and come out better thinkers.
B. Two years before, a nationwide study of college graduates had shown that more than a third had made no significant gains in such mental abilities during their school years.
C. Despite the success of the experiment, the actual results are frustrating, and mostly confirm earlier studies.
D. Many can’t reason clearly or perform competently in analyzing complex, non-technical problems.
E. Yet like many college teachers in the U.S., the professors remain doubtful that their work as educators can be measured by a “learning outcome” such as a graduate’s ability to investigate and reason.
F. It is important to identify the common goals of general higher education and translate them into the design of the learning outcomes assessment.
【答案】47. B 48. E 49. C 50. A
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了实验表明美国大学生的批判性思维能力不尽如人意，美国大学应该注重培养学生这方面的能力。
【47题详解】
空前说2013年成为普渡大学校长后，米奇•丹尼尔斯要求教师们证明，他们的学生实际上已经实现了高等教育最重要的目标之一：批判性思维能力，此处承接上文，讲的是学生对这种能力的掌握情况，故B项（两年前，一项针对大学毕业生的全国性研究表明，超过三分之一的人在他们的学年里没有在这种心理能力上取得显著进步）符合语境。
【48题详解】
空后说不过，他们不必太担心，最近的一项实验结果显示，教授们可以使用标准的评分表来衡量学生在三个关键领域的表现：批判性思维、书面交流和语言素养，因此此处应该会提到教授们的一种担心，故E项（然而，和美国许多大学教师一样，教授们仍然怀疑，他们作为教育工作者的工作能否通过“学习成果”来衡量，比如毕业生的调查和推理能力）符合语境。
【49题详解】
空后说实验组织者的结论是，在批判性思维方面取得高水平成绩的学生远少于在书面交流或语言素养方面取得高水平成绩的学生，这表明实验结果是令人失望的，故C项（尽管实验取得了成功，但实际结果令人沮丧，而且大多证实了先前的研究）符合语境。
【50题详解】
空前说尽管美国大学只是开始展示自己在现实世界学习中所能产生的成果，以知识为基础的学位仍然很重要，但雇主要求大学毕业生具备较强的思维能力，此处总结上文，说的是美国大学在培养学生能力方面应该做出哪些调整，故A项（如果一个大学学位的智力价值能够被准确地衡量，更多的人将寻求高等教育，并产生更好的思考者）符合语境。
IV. Summary Writing
51.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
New Research on Kids’ Poor Math Achievement
If the thought of a math test makes you break out in a cold sweat, Mom or Dad may be partly to blame, according to the new research published in Psychological Science.
A team of researchers found that children of math-anxious parents learned less math over the school year and were more likely to be math-anxious themselves—but only when these parents provided frequent help on the child’s math homework.
Previous research from this group has established that when teachers are anxious about math, their students learn less math during the school year. The current study is novel in that it establishes a link between parents’ and children’s math anxiety. These findings suggest that adults’ attitudes toward math can play an important role in children’s math achievement.
“We often don’t think about how important parents’ own attitudes are in determining their children’s academic achievement. But our work suggests that if a parent is walking around saying ‘Oh, I don’t like math’ or ‘this stuff makes me nervous,’ kids pick up on this messaging and it affects their success,” explained Beilock, professor in psychology.
“Math-anxious parents may be less effective in explaining math concepts to children, and may not respond well when children make a mistake or solve a problem in a novel way,” added Levine, Beilock’s colleague.
438 first- and second-grade students and their primary caregivers participated in the study. Children were assessed in math achievement and math anxiety at both the beginning and end of the school year. As a control, the team also assessed reading achievement, which they found was not related to parents’ math anxiety. Parents completed a questionnaire about their own nervousness and anxiety around math and how often they helped their children with math homework.
The researchers believe the link between parents’ math anxiety and children’s math performance stems more from math attitudes than genetics.
【答案】Different from previous research on the relationship between teachers’ anxiety and their students, a new research reveals parents’ math anxiety undermines their children’s math performance. When the anxious parents help their children with math, their negative attitudes toward math will be passed on to their children, which indicates that not genetics but attitudes account for the kids’ math performance. (59)
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括一项新的研究表明，与以往对教师焦虑与学生关系的研究不同的是，父母的数学焦虑会影响孩子的数学成绩，当焦虑的父母帮助他们的孩子学习数学时，他们对数学的消极态度会传递给他们的孩子，这表明不是遗传而是态度决定了孩子的数学成绩。注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。
【详解】1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。
2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。
3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。
4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 后悔虚度光阴有意义吗？(point)
53. 科学家们已证明，“吸猫撸狗”是一种减轻压力的有效方式。(prove)
54. 可能你既不是霸凌者也不是受害人，但如果你知道有人正遭受霸凌，不要袖手旁观任其发生。(bully)
55. 何先生买下这座铜像并捐赠给了国家，不仅彰显其令人钦佩的家国情怀，而且还提升了大众保护文物(relics)的意识。(patriotism)
【答案】52. Is there any point regretting wasting/ having wasted time?
53. Scientists have proved that petting/ raising/ playing with cats and dogs is an effective way to reduce/ relieve stress/pressure.
54. Maybe you are neither a bully nor a victim, but if you know someone （who） is being bullied don’t stand by and let it happen.
55. Mr. He bought the bronze statue and donated it to the country, which not only demonstrated/showed his admirable patriotism but also promoted public awareness of the preservation of cultural relics.
【解析】
本题考查翻译句子，注意使用括号内的提示词进行翻译。
【52题详解】
考查非谓语动词和固定句型。there is some point doing是固定句型，表示“做某事是有意义的”，本句使用there be句型的一般疑问句形式，some变为any，同时regret后接动名词做宾语，表示“后悔做某事”，故翻译为：Is there any point regretting wasting/ having wasted time?
【53题详解】
考查宾语从句和非谓语动词。根据句意可知本句使用宾语从句，从句成分完整，用that仅起连接作用，无实义，从句中用动名词做主语，petting/ raising/ playing with cats and dogs表示“吸猫撸狗”，同时way后用不定式做后置定语，语境表明本句强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，主句用现在完成时，故翻译为：Scientists have proved that petting/ raising/ playing with cats and dogs is an effective way to reduce/ relieve stress/pressure.
【54题详解】
考查状语从句和宾语从句/定语从句。提示词bully既可作名词，表示“欺凌弱小者”，也可作动词，表示“欺负”，stand by表示“袖手旁观”，根据句意可知本句用if引导条件状语从句，同时know 后既可用省略连接词that的宾语从句，也可用who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词someone并在从句中做主语，同时someone与bully之间是被动关系，而且动作正在进行，所以用现在进行时的被动语态，故翻译为：Maybe you are neither a bully nor a victim, but if you know someone （who） is being bullied don’t stand by and let it happen.
【55题详解】
考查非限定性定语从句。根据句意可知本句使用非限定性定语从句，用关系代词which指代整个主句内容，并在从句中做主语，语境表明事情发生在过去，用一般过去时，故翻译为：Mr. He bought the bronze statue and donated it to the country, which not only demonstrated/showed his admirable patriotism but also promoted public awareness of the preservation of cultural relics.
VI. Guided Writing
56.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
如今，许多家长焦虑地守在孩子身边、密切关注孩子一举一动，被称之为“直升机父母(Helicopter parents)”，还有“扫雪机父母(Snowplow parents)”,轰隆隆地扫除孩子通往成功路上的所有障碍，让孩子免遭失败、挫折。对此，学校校刊特辟专栏对此进行讨论，请以李华为名投稿，用身边的例子描述这两类家长，并谈谈对此的看法。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Nowadays, most of us are very familiar with the concept of helicopter parents, who are anxious to stay by their children's side and pay close attention to their every move. For example, now many parents choose study companion so that they can take better care of their life and study. Now there is a new kind of parents called snowplow parents, who spare no effort to wipe out all the obstacles on their children's road to success, preventing them from suffer from failures and setbacks .For example, many parents now arrange everything from primary school to college for their children, and even arrange jobs for them before their graduation.
I think these two kinds of parents should reflect on their way of love, as both can only make their children lose their independent ability and the spirit of exploration. Each child's life is unique, and no one needs to design it.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达是提纲类作文，要求描述两类家长并发表自己的看法。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本文要求描述两类家长并发表自己的看法：如今，许多家长焦虑地守在孩子身边、密切关注孩子一举一动，被称之为“直升机父母”，还有“扫雪机父母”,轰隆隆地扫除孩子通往成功路上的所有障碍，让孩子免遭失败、挫折。对此，学校校刊特辟专栏对此进行讨论，请以李华为名投稿，用身边的例子描述这两类家长，并谈谈对此的看法。
时态应为一般现在时。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如； Helicopter parents（直升机父母），Snowplow parents（扫雪机父母），study companion（陪读），arrange（安排）， setback（挫折），exploration（探索）及independent（独立的）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持卷面的整洁美观。
【点睛】范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式，高级词汇有be familiar with（对……感到熟悉），be pay close attention to （密切关注），take care of(照顾)，suffer from（遭受），reflect on（反思），wipe out（扫清）以及prevent from（防止），而且还使用了非限定性定语从句“Nowadays, most of us are very familiar with the concept of helicopter parents, who are anxious to stay by their children's side and pay close attention to their every move.”，宾语从句和原因状语从句“I think these two kinds of parents should reflect on their way of love, as both can only make their children lose their independent ability and the spirit of exploration. Each child's life is unique, and no one needs to design it. ”，目的状语从句“For example, now many parents choose study companion so that they can take better care of their life and study.”，非谓语动词“Now there is a new kind of parents called snowplow parents, who spare no effort to wipe out all the obstacles on their children's road to success, preventing them from suffer from failures and setbacks .”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。